03 energy use & history

Lecture 2

Joachim Claesson

Agenda

• Brief History of Energy Usage• Present Energy Utilisation in Sweden• … in the World• The Need for Sustainable Energy Utilisation• Examples

Brief History of Energy Usage” Gatherers” - Early HumansProvided by food they could gather

Energy Usage: 2000 kCal/person and day = = Basal Metabolism: Energy intake to keepyourself alive.

2000 kCal = 8.2 MJ

Brief History of Energy Usage”Hunters - Gatherers”

(about 1 million years ago)Controlled use of fireDeveloped hunting methods=> Colonisation of less hospitable regions

Energy Usage: 4000 kCal/person and day4000 kCal = 16.4 MJ

Brief History of Energy Usage”Settlers”

(about 4000 BC in Middle east)Need for more material for building houses

and running farmsEnergy Usage: 50 MJ/person and day

There are people today that live at this level!

Brief History of Energy Usage”More Developed Societies”

(about 1500 AD)More specialised trades

Service sectorUse of metals and glass (energy consumingto produce!)

Energy Usage: 90 MJ/person and day

Brief History of Energy Usage”Industrialisation”

(1700-1850)Steam enginesFactories

Energy Usage: 380 MJ/person and day

Brief History of Energy Usage”Modern Societies”

(Data for Europe, USA, Canada, Australia)

Energy Usage: ? MJ/person and day

EXERCISEIn Sweden the energy usage for year 1999 was

615 TWh, what is the per capita energy useper day in MJ if the population in Sweden is 9 million?

Hint: 1 Wh = 3600 J1TWh=1·1012 Wh

EXERCISEIn Sweden the energy usage for year 1999 was 615 TWh,

what is the per capita energy use per day in MJ if the population in Sweden is 9 million? Hint: 1 Wh = 3600 J.

Energy usage per year=615·1012 [Wh/year] · 3600 [J/Wh] = =2.214 ·1018 [J/year] =2.214·1012 [MJ/year]Energy usage per day== 2.214·1012 [MJ/year]/365 [days/year] = = 6.066·109 [MJ/day]Energy usage per capita and day== 6.066·109 [MJ/day]/9·106 [persons]=674 [MJ/capita/day]

How much energy is 1 TWh?

Do not turnoff until year2 002 005 !

1 TWh is equivalent to having one (1) 60 W light bulb running for approximately twomillion years!

Present Energy Utilisation in Sweden

Source: Swedish National EnergyAdministration

Present Energy Utilisation in SwedenEnergyusage



Source: Swedish National Energy Administration


Residential energy usage


Industrial energy usage


Electricity


Total consumption in SwedenTotal production in SwedenNet export (-)/importCurrent spot price of electricity

Source:Svenska kraftnät

Source:Svenska kraftnät

Present Energy Utilisationin the World

Energy Utilisation in the World


”Sustainability”

• What do we mean with the term ”Sustainable”in the context of Energy Utilisation?

• How much energy do we really need to heat or cool our houses?

Discuss in groups of 5-6 persons for 10 minutes…

What do we mean with the term ”Sustainable”in the context of Energy Utilisation?

• Secure energy for generations to come

• Decrease waste of energy• Intelligent use of energy• Minimize impact on

environment and society• Produce and use energy

without exhausting the sources

• Renewable energy sources• Restore energy sources

(biomass replanting trees)• Redistribution of energy• Human energy

How much energy do we really need• Zero• It has to do with:

- Insulation- Direction/orientation- Climate- Design of house- Heat recovery- Thermal comfort- Behavior- ”Free energy from solar”- Intelligent systems (timers etc)- Appliances- Size of building

Examples

• ”Urhuset”• ”Snow Cooling”

Urhuset

• House made of wood• Only a small amount of electricity used• Heated by fire wood, solar heating, and a

ground heat pump

Snow CoolingBased on Lic.Eng. Thesis by

Kjell Skogsberg, Luleå Univ. Of Technology

Next lecture

Wednesday September 6, 2006, Room M215.15-17.00

03 energy use & history

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