0.22 spring thaw trend (days yr -1, 1988-2007) -0.64 an earth system data record for land surface...
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0.22
Spring Thaw Trend(Days yr-1, 1988-2007)
-0.64
An Earth System Data Record for Land Surface Freeze/Thaw State
John Kimball1, Kyle McDonald2, Youngwook Kim1 John Lucotch1 & Joseph Glassy1
1The University of Montana
2Jet Propulsion Laboratory, CalTech
NASA MEaSUREs/PoDAG meeting, Oct 15, 2010
Provide a consistent, long-term global record of landscape freeze/thaw (F/T) state dynamics for vegetated regions where frozen temperatures are a major constraint to ecosystem processes:
Distinguish F/T heterogeneity in accordance with mesoscale climate, terrain & land cover features;
Quantify F/T linkages to vegetation productivity and carbon fluxes;
Distinguish “natural” variability from climate change signal;
Establish baseline conditions for future missions (SMAP).
Over half of the global land area is affected by F/T cycles that constrain land-
atmosphere water, energy & carbon fluxes
Source: Kim et al. 2010. TGARS
Freeze-Thaw Affected Regions
Frozen Period (Days/yr)
Project Goals and Objectives
Apr 10
Jul 19
Dec 26
Daily Freeze-Thaw StatusSSM/I (37GHz, 25km Res.) 2004
Source: http://freezethaw.ntsg.umt.edu
• Daily F/T state maps:
- 4 discrimination levels: Frozen (AM & PM),
Thawed (AM & PM), Transitional (AM frozen,
PM thaw), Inverse-Transitional (AM thaw, PM
frozen);• Global domain encompassing F/T affected
areas:
- 66 million km2 or 52% of global vegetated
area);• Initial 20 year record (Final >30 years)• Detailed metadata on product QA/QC:
- Online documentation;
- Quantitative accuracy metrics (daily);
- Qualitative QA/QC maps (annual);- Quick-Visuals (thumbnails, animations);- Software support (HDFView, Panoply);
• 2 data formats (binary, HDF-5)
Current Results and Output Products
Source: Kim et al. 2010. TGARS
Example FT-ESDR Research Applications
Global F/T Climatology(1988-2007)
Non-frozen
Transitional
Frozen
AnnualVariation
Annual Non-Frozen Period Trend(1988-2007)
FT-ESDR Development Status
• First ATBD release (Jun-09):- Available online: http://freezethaw.ntsg.umt.edu/publications.htm
- Baseline seasonal threshold algorithm & single Tb data series;
- Planned updates for error budget, data integration and validation;• Recent FT-ESDR releases (Mar/Oct-10 at NSIDC):
- AMSR-E global land parameter bundle (2002-2008);- SSM/I based F/T record (1988-2007);- Two more releases planned (FY11/12);
• 2 online data archives (NSIDC DAAC, NTSG-ESIP)• Baseline (Tier-1) documentation of FT-ESDR accuracy:
- Daily comparisons against global WMO air temperature records (~3700 stations) over
homogeneous land areas;- Spatial QA/QC using ancillary data (e.g. DEM, Land cover heterogeneity);
• Current product characteristics:
- Global EASE-grid projection; 25-km Res; Daily repeat (AM, PM, CO); 20-yr record (1988-
07); derived from SSM/I 37V GHz Tb series; HDF-5 & binary formats.
• Product quality: Good (i.e. Validated Stage II based on EOS product maturity guidelines)
- Mean annual F/T classification accuracy >80% relative to WMO station observations (Tair).
FT-ESDR Algorithm Baseline
Source: Kim et al. 2010. Developing a global record of daily landscape freeze/thaw status using satellite passive microwave remote sensing. IEEE TGARS, DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2070515.
Seasonal Threshold Approach:
Annual Definition of SSM/I (37V GHz) Tb F/T Reference States
Frozen Non-Frozen
Pixel-wise Calibration using Tmx/Tmn from Global Reanalysis
ΔTbΔTb
Source: Kim et al. 2010. TGARS
Baseline (Tier-1) FT-ESDR Validation & QA/QC
Mean Annual Accuracy
Mean Daily Accuracy
Mean Annual Accuracy
Mean Daily Accuracy
Spatially Explicit Quality AssessmentGlobal Comparisons with WMO Daily Air Temperature Observations
Cross-channel F/T classification assessment
• Focused studies over intensive sub-regions:
- Sub-grid scale terrain & land cover heterogeneity effects;
- F/T sensitivity to individual landscape elements (snow, soil, vegetation);
- Leverage planned NASA field campaigns involving synergistic measurements (CARVE, SMAP).
• Comparisons with other synergistic datasets:
- Atm. CO2 anomalies, Satellite based snow cover extent, GPP/NPP, NDVI & LST.
Secondary (Tier-2) FT-ESDR Validation
FT-ESDR Spring Thaw & 1Snow Cover Extent Anomalies over Northern (>50ºN) Domain
r = 0.64, p<0.001
1Source: D.A. Robinson (http://climate.rutgers.edu/snowcover)
Enhanced FT-ESDR Development & Validation
Mean Annual F/T Classification Accuracy
SMMR/SSM/I AMSR SeaWinds (H) SeaWinds (V)
Mean annual F/T Classification Accuracy
2007 frozen period difference between SSM/I and AMSR-E
• Cross-sensor F/T comparisons:
- Document F/T differences between overlapping sensor records: SSM/I, SMMR, AMSR-E, ASCAT, SeaWinds, SMOS;
- Utilize multiple sensor records for FT-ESDR production (e.g. empirical & forward process models, data assimilation);
- Goal: Document & exploit synergies among multiple satellite records/frequencies/polarizations to enhance FT-ESDR information, accuracy and QA/QC.
≥390
Days≥ 39
SMMR/SSM/I: 37V GHzAMSR-E: 36V GHzSeaWinds: 13 GHz
Human Healthclimate sensitive infectious disease distribution and change, vector habitat change
AgricultureFrost status/potential, growing season and potential yield
Water Resourcessnow cover status and frozen soils monitoring, timing of ice breakup and formation in rivers and lakes
Weather, Natural HazardsWeather forecasting, runoff and flood risk potential
Forestsphenology, productivity, carbon source/sink activity, cold hardiness, vegetation stress & forest ecoregions
Species and HabitatsShift in ecological zones,habitat change
Potential FT-ESDR Research
Applications
Climate ChangeMonitoring of extent, seasonal-annual variation & trends in frozen/non-frozen period
Potential FT-ESDR User Community
SSM/I and SMMR Primary Thaw Date vs Spring River Ice BreakupSSM/I and SMMR Primary Thaw Date vs Spring River Ice Breakup
SSM/I Derived Day of Primary ThawSSM/I Derived Day of Primary ThawExample FT-ESDR Cryosphere &
Hydrology Applications:
Primary Spring Thaw Date vs Spring River Ice Breakup on Tanana River AK
Primary Thaw Date vs Spring Flood Pulse, Yukon Basin, AK
Potential FT-ESDR User Community
Example Agriculture Application:
2007 Spring Frost Index
Source:1http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_Subject/index.php2http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2007/Online_Highlights/Ag_Atlas_Maps/Crops_and_Plants/index.asp
%%
Spring frost index (%) =day awedprimary th-181
day awedprimary thafter day nal transitioofnumber 100
2Soybean Harvested Acres2007
1
Potential FT-ESDR User Community
Example FT-ESDR Carbon Cycle & Ecosystems Application:
Potential FT-ESDR User Community
• Diverse User Community:
- Decadal Survey mission teams (SMAP)
- Cryosphere
- Ecosystems & Carbon Cycle
- Hydrology
- Global Change
- Atmosphere and Climate
• Community ID & Interaction:- Literature search
- Publications
- “Dear Colleague” letters
- Workshop presentations
- FT-ESDR user metrics
- User “feedback”
- SMAP SDT/WG activities
http://freezethaw.ntsg.umt.edu
User Identification Through FT-ESDR 1Metrics Reporting
Metric June 2010 July 2010 August 2010 TotalDistinct Users -Total 76 109 97 282
Distinct Users -F/T Website 54 79 88 221Distinct Users -F/T FTP 9 12 5 26
Distinct Users -AMSR-E FTP 13 18 4 35Distinct Users -NSIDC Website 0 0 0 0
Distinct Users-Government FTP 4 3 0 7Distinct Users-Education FTP 6 10 2 18
Distinct Users-Other FTP 12 17 3 32Products Delivered-Total 7407 102935 32 110374
Products Delivered-F/T FTP 7346 102770 28 110144Products Delivered-ASMR-E FTP 69 166 4 239
Products Delivered-NSIDC 0 0 0 0Volume of Data Distributed-Total*in KB 9610840 65499380 134685 75244905
Volume of Data Distributed-F/T FTP*in KB 5997176 52848740 132015 58977931Volume of Data Distributed-ASMR-E
FTP*in KB 3613664 12650640 2670 16266974Volume of Data Distributed-NSIDC*in KB 0 0 0 0
Number of Countries 8 12 16 36
Metric June 2010 July 2010 August 2010 TotalDistinct Users -Total 76 109 97 282
Distinct Users -F/T Website 54 79 88 221Distinct Users -F/T FTP 9 12 5 26
Distinct Users -AMSR-E FTP 13 18 4 35Distinct Users -NSIDC Website 0 0 0 0
Distinct Users-Government FTP 4 3 0 7Distinct Users-Education FTP 6 10 2 18
Distinct Users-Other FTP 12 17 3 32Products Delivered-Total 7407 102935 32 110374
Products Delivered-F/T FTP 7346 102770 28 110144Products Delivered-ASMR-E FTP 69 166 4 239
Products Delivered-NSIDC 0 0 0 0Volume of Data Distributed-Total*in KB 9610840 65499380 134685 75244905
Volume of Data Distributed-F/T FTP*in KB 5997176 52848740 132015 58977931Volume of Data Distributed-ASMR-E
FTP*in KB 3613664 12650640 2670 16266974Volume of Data Distributed-NSIDC*in KB 0 0 0 0
Number of Countries 8 12 16 36
1Preliminary results based on NTSG-ESIP statistics from Jun-Aug, 2010.
• Project website with online data archives, documentation & metadata
- Embedded links to NSIDC archives & similar or synergistic data products;
• Publication of methods, data & software
- Peer-review journal publications;
- Public data archives (NSIDC DAAC, NTSG-ESIP);
- Data links through existing community data portals (NACP);
• “Dear Colleague” invitations for data download & feedback• SMAP SDT involvement:
- Baseline Info. for planned L3_F/T product development;
- F/T inputs for other product retrievals (L3/4_SM & L4_C);
- Cal/Val & Applications WGs;
• Development, publication, distribution of synergistic data bundles (AMSR-E)
- FT-ESDR used as a frozen T constraint for production of higher-order AMSR-E product retrievals: Inundated area, Soil Moisture, Air Temperature, Water Vapor & VOD;
- AMSR-E science team support;
FT-ESDR User Community Support
FT-ESDR Project Summary
• Three planned FT-ESDR data releases:
- Initial data release (FY10: 20 yr record [1988-07]) & transfer to NSIDC completed;
- Additional F/T data release with AMSR-E land product bundle (2002-08);
- Two more releases planned for FY11/12 (up to 33 yr record [1979-011]);
• Metrics reporting initiated for both NSIDC & NTSG-ESIP archives;
• Product Maturity: Good (i.e. validated, Stage 2 based on EOS product maturity guidelines)
- Mean annual F/T classification accuracy >80% relative to ~3700 WMO stations;
- Accuracy adequate for broad set of science applications: climate change, cryosphere, hydrology, ecosystems & C cycle;
- Methods publication (Kim et al. 2010. IEEE TGARS);
• Product readiness to support next wave of IPCC activity: Good
• Work in progress:
- Comparison & use of multiple sensor records for improved information & development of longer F/T record;
- Detailed algorithm error budget development;
- Validation (Stage 3) & QA/QC;
BACKUP SLIDES
Source: http://nsidc.org/data/docs/daac/ae_land3_l3_soil_moisture.gd.html
Product Maturity Definitions
Data for FT-ESDR Production and Validation
Daily Users
Distinct Users by Class
FT-ESDR User Community Statistics
Data Volume in GB (Jun-Aug 2010)
80706050403020100
Total FT-ESDR AMSR-E
Example user metrics from NTSG-ESIP archive
2004 Non-Frozen Season from
SSM/I, AMSR-E & SeaWinds
Cross Sensor F/T Comparisons
Annual NPP (MOD17) vs FT-ESDR Spring Thaw Timing Anomalies
Example FT-ESDR Ecosystems Application:
Potential FT-ESDR User Community
Potential FT-ESDR User Community
Example Agriculture Application:
2007 Spring Frost Index
Source:1http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_Subject/index.php2http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2007/Online_Highlights/Ag_Atlas_Maps/Crops_and_Plants/index.asp
%%
Spring frost index (%) =day awedprimary th-181
day awedprimary thafter day nal transitioofnumber 100
2Corn Harvested Acres2007
1