02 rn33004en10gla0 ran transmission
TRANSCRIPT
1 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0
RAS SYSTEM
RAN Transmission
2 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0
Objectives
After completing this learning element, the participant will be able to:• Explain the principles of RAN Transmission• Describe the ATM Cross Connect (AXC) architecture• Describe briefly the transport solution for NSN Flexi WCDMA BTS• List the virtual channels between RNC and WCDMA BTS• Explain the WCDMA BTS AAL2 multiplexing RAN architecture
3 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0
MTP3SL
RAN Transmission Principles
SDH/PDH ATM
IP
IP
ATM
OSS
Ethernet
OAM/SIGTRAN/User Plane
MTP3SL/ User Plane
OAM
CoCo
WBTS
RNC
3G SGSN
MSS
WBTS
2G SGSN
OAM/SIGTRAN/User Plane
GGSN
BTS
MGW
BSC
4 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0
ATM over E1
Header Payload
ATM cell
0 1 2 16 1817 3115
TS1-15TS16
TS17-31
. . . . . . 0 1 2 16 1817 3115
TS0TS1-15
TS16TS17-31
. . . . . .E1 frameE1 frame
TS0
E1 (2,048 Mbps) -> 4528 cells per second.
When transmitting ATM cells over a digital interface like E1, we map the cells into the physical layer frame. ITU-T Recommendation G.804 and ATM Forum specification af-phy-0064.000 define the ATM direct mapping (ADM) process. ADM uses the header error check (HEC) field in the cell header to identify the first bit of a cell in an E1 frame. A receiving E1 IMA interface examines the incoming bit stream and checks if a set of eight bits comprises a valid CRC for the preceding 32 bits.
The alternative to ADM is the physical layer convergence protocol (PLCP). PLCP uses special overhead bytes to delineate the start and end of the ATM cells inside the E1 frame and thus reduces the effective payload rate. Since PLCP adds overhead, ADM replaces PLCP.
5 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0
ATM over STM-1
STM-1 (155,52 Mbps) can fit 44.15 cells per frame -> 353 207 cells per second.
VC-4
VP1
VP2
VP3
Section
Overhead ...
260 bytes
9 bytes
P
O
H
9 bytes1 byte
VC-4
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RNC
WCDMA BTS site connectivity
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Hybrid BTS Backhaul (1/2)
Eth
E1
• Hybrid BTS Backhaul allows for the backhauling of the BTS over packet-switched technologies, IP and Ethernet in particular.
• The HSPA traffic is offloaded onto the packet-switched network. Delay sensitive traffic is carried over TDM links.
BTS TDMTDM
PacketPacket
STM1
ATME1
ATMIP
Ethernet
ATMIP
Ethernet
STM1ATM
EthernetIP
ATMSTM1
Hybrid BTS Backhaul has introduced in RAS06
In the first case only HSPA traffic is offloaded to the packet-switched network; an existing path, based on ATM over TDM technologies, is used for all other traffic. HSPA traffic is less sensitive to delay and delay variation, and the QoS requirements to the packet-switched network can be relaxed accordingly.
Ethernet is introduced as a BTS backhaul technology:-Compared to traditional ATM over TDM technologies use of Ethernet can substantially reduce transport OPEX.-Ethernet backhaul is a cost effective way to provide the extra capacity required for HSDPA and HSUPA.
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AXU IFU
IFU
IFU
IFU
IFU
Integrated and stand-alone AXC
AXC (ATM Cross Connect) is the Integrated ATM Transmission Node of the Nokia WCDMA base station and a Stand-alone ATM Transmission Network Element. The Integrated AXC for Supreme and S-AXC supports 5 IFUs. The S-AXC can be installed in a standard ETSI or 19-inch rack and co-located with the BTS
S-AXC is neededFor providing additional slots for interface units at WCDMA BTS sites. At some sites the available 1-5
slots for interface units in the BTS integrated AXC may not be sufficientAs a hub for grooming/concentrating WCDMA traffic at a site without a WCDMA BTS
Minimum AXC configurationOne ATM cross connect unit, AXUOne interface unit, IFU (any IFU possible)
Maximum configurationOne ATM cross connect unit, AXU.Five interface units, IFUs (any IFU and any combination of IFUs possible)
Any combination of interfaces and interface units is possible with a very few limitationsMaximum switching capacity = 1.2Gbit/sMaximum amount of physical STM-1 interfaces = 15Maximum amount of physical E1 interfaces = 40Between 1 and 8 E1 links per IMA group for E1 IFUBetween 1 and 8 E1 links per IMA group for Flexbus IFUBetween 1 and 32 VC-12 links per IMA group for IFUF
10 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0
Power module
Microcontrollermodule
AAM-Module (AXUB, C2.0
LMPQ1
ERC2ERC1
Lever
Lever
LED
• Switching capacity: 1.2G.• Supported simultaneous
connections: 1000 (with any mix of VP and VC)
AXU - ATM cross connect unit
AXU PerformanceSwitching capacity: 1.2GSupported simultaneous connections: 1000 (with any mix of VP and VC)Supported ATM service categories: CBR, UBRSupported cross-connection: Semi-Permanent Virtual Path Connection, Semi-Permanent Virtual
Channel Connection
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Q1
ERC
Ejector
EjectorLED
LMP
8 xE1/JT1/T1
Q1
ERC
Ejector
EjectorLED
LMP
8 x E1
AXC compact – AXCC/AXCD
Nokia AXC Compact contains AXU and IFU functionality in a single unit and provides eight symmetrical (AXCC) or coaxial (AXCD) connections
AXCC/D is non-expandable but is it possible to add IFUG unit(s)Supports BTS AAL2 Multiplexing and Inverse Multiplexing for ATM, but not fractional E1Local Management Port (LMP)10baseT crossed Ethernet interface, RJ- 45 connectorQ1 management portV.11 interface, D-sub 9 connectorExternal reference clock interface (ERC)
PerformanceSwitching capacity: 165 Mbit/sSupported simultaneous connections: 250 (with any mix of VP and VC)Supported ATM service categories: CBR, UBRSupported cross-connection: Semi-Permanent Virtual Path Connection, Semi-Permanent Virtual
Channel Connection
12 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0
WCDMA BTS Transmission Overview
WBTS
AXC IFU slots available:Supreme 5Optima & Optima Compact 3MetroSite WCDMA 1 MetroSite 50 1Triple-mode UltraSite EDGE 1
AXU IFUEIFUFIFUC
IFUA/DIFUG
1.2 Gbit/s
Copper cable
Leased Lines orPDH / SDH equipment
GSM Base StationsNokia and other
8 x E1/JT1/T1interfaces
Nokia FlexiHoppermax. 16 x 2 Mbits/s
Nokia MetroHoppermax. 4 x 2 Mbits/s
Nokia GSM / EDGE Base Station
Flexbus cable
3 x Flexbusinterfaces
Optical Fibre
SDH equipment orATM Leased Lines
3 x STM-0/STM –1or
OC-1 /OC-3interfaces
1 x STM – 1 (VC12)63xE1
8 x RJ 45 Ethernet
IFUH
2 x Fast Ethernet1 x Gigabit Ethernet
Ethernet networkCAT-5 or optical
The Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS supports the following transmission media.
Radio transmissionIFUE with Nokia Flexbus interface: 16 x 2 Mbit/s, three Flexbus connectors. The IFUE unit
can be connected to the Nokia FlexiHopper and MetroHopper Microwave Radios.
Wire line transmissionIFUA with E1/JT1/T1 with IMA interfaces: 8 x 2Mbit/s (E1) or 8 x 1.5Mbit/s (JT1/T1) PCM
connections, eight twisted pair 120/110Ω TX/RX interface connectors for either E1 or JT1 use. The unit can be configured either to E1 or JT1/T1 mode.
IFUD with E1 with IMA interfaces: 8 x 2Mbit/s (E1) PCM connections, 16 coax 75Ω TX/RX interface connectors.
IFUG with 8 x 10/100 MB Ethernet interfaces.
Fibre optic transmissionIFUC with 3 STM-1 interfaces: VC3/VC4 support for fibre optic cable, signal termination,
synchronisation and CPU circuitry for unit control. The unit has three STM connectors. The IFUC unit can be connected to a microwave radio.
IFUF with 1 STM-1 interface: VC3/VC4 support for fibre optic cable, signal termination, synchronisation and CPU circuitry for unit control. The unit has one STM connector.
13 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0
IFUC and IFUF
IFUC3 x SDH optical interfacesMixed configuration supportedIntra-office/short-haulUsed connector: optical, LC type
Interfaces can be configured independently asSTM-1 (European standard, 155.52 Mbit/s)OC-3 (American Standard, 155.52 Mbit/s)
IFUF1 x SDH optical interface for structured STM-1 connectionsLC connectorUp to 63 VC-12 with IMA
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WBTS
BTS Site
Flexbus(16 x 2M)
IFUE
IFUE
IFUE3 x Flexbus interfaces per PIUIMA supportIFUE capacity up to 16 x E1 (4 x 2M for MetroHopper)Connects WBTS to Nokia microwave radio or Nokia GSM BTS Allows combination of 2G (TDM) and 3G (ATM) traffic with a granularity of E1RNC site - Flexbus interface is implemented using stand-alone AXC or FIU19" equipmentA BTS connects directly to Nokia Flexi/Metro Hopper with the Flexbus feature2M cross-connection within one plug-in unitTNC-connector 50 Ω (female)
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•Eight Ethernet interfaces.
•10baseT, RJ-45 connector.
•Can be used to connect external equipment on the AXC site to the common DCN.
IFUG
IFUGEight Ethernet interfaces10baseT, RJ-45 connectorCan be used to connect external equipment on the AXC site to the common DCN
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IFUA and IFUD
IFUA8 x E1/T1/JT1 interfaces110 Ω / 120 Ω balanced TQ connectorsInverse Multiplexing for ATM (IMA) supportfractional Interface (E1/T1/JT1)
IFUD8 x E1 interfaces 75 Ω unbalanced BT 43 connectorsInverse Multiplexing for ATM (IMA) supportFractional interface (E1)
CES to map TDM traffic in ATM cellsComplete E1/T1/JT1 frame transported in ATM cells (unstructured)Fractional E1/T1/JT1, only TDM timeslots transported within ATM cells (structured)
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IFUH
• 2 x 10/100 BaseT Fast Ethernet with RJ45 connectors
• 1 x Gigabit Ethernet with LC connector
• Provides ATM over Ethernet connection for Hybrid Backhaul solution
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FTM - flexi transport module
• FTM is the integrated transmission equipment of the Flexi WCDMA BTS.• It is mechanically and electrically connected to the System Module of the Flexi WCDMA BTS.• FTM is a separate sales item. It meets the System Module for the first time on the site.
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FTM versions
FTPB (RAS05.1)
FTEB (RAS05.1)
FTJA (RAS06)
FTOA (RAS05.1ED
FTIA (RAS05.1) FTFA (RAS05.1)
FTHA (RU10)FTIB (RU10)
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2xMDR68 connectorsRU1016xE1/T1FTHA
Support Timing over PacketRU10
4xE1/T1/JT12xFast Ethernet,
1xGEFTIB
Optional Gigabit Ethernet interface
(SFP)SMB, RJ45, SFP (LC)
RAS064xE1 coaxial
2xFast Ethernet, 1xGE
FTJA
Optional Gigabit Ethernet interface
(SFP)RJ48C, RJ45, SFP (LC)
RAS05.1Ethernet supported in
RAS06
4xE1/T1/JT12xFast Ethernet,
1xGEFTIA
TNCRAS05.12xFlexbusFTFA1xSFP, LC equippedRAS05.1 ED1xSTM1/OC3FTOA
75 Ω, SMBRAS05.18xE1 coaxialFTEB
120/110/100 Ω, RJ48cRAS05.18xE1/T1/JT1FTPB
RemarksAvailabilityInterfacesModule name
Flexi Transport Sub-modules
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TX direction cells distributed across links in round robin sequenceRX direction cells recombined into single ATM stream
• IMA allows the combining of several physical links (E1 or T1/JT1, max. 8) to one logical link
E1/JT1
E1/JT1
E1/JT1
AXCLink # 0
Link # 1
Link # 2
Original ATM cell stream to ATM layer
IMA virtual link
E1/JT1
E1/JT1
E1/JT1
NIP1IMA Group IMA Group
Single ATM cell stream from ATM layer
Inverse multiplexing for ATM
Inverse Multiplexing for ATM (IMA) is a method which provides a modular bandwidth for user access to ATM networks and for connection between ATM network elements, at rates between the traditional order multiplex level. An example is to achieve rates between the T1/E1 and T3/E3 levels in the asynchronous digital hierarchies. T3/E3 links are not necessarily readily available throughout a given network, and therefore the introduction of ATM Inverse Multiplexers provides an effective method of combining the transport bandwidths of multiple links (such as T1/E1 links) grouped to collectively provide higher intermediate rates.
The ATM Inverse Multiplexing technique involves inverse multiplexing and de-multiplexing of ATM cells in a cyclical fashion among links grouped to form a higher bandwidth logical link whose rate is approximately the sum of the link rates. This is referred to as an IMA group.
The picture above provides a simple illustration of the ATM Inverse Multiplexing technique in one direction. The same technique applies in the opposite direction.
IMA groups terminate at each end of the IMA virtual link. In the transmit direction, the ATM cell stream received from the ATM layer is distributed on a cell by cell basis, across the multiple links within the IMA group. At the far-end, the receiving IMA unit recombines the cells from each link, on a cell by cell basis, recreating the original ATM cell stream. The aggregate cell stream is then passed to the ATM layer.
The IMA interface periodically transmits special cells that contain information that permit reconstruction of the ATM cell stream at the receiving end of the IMA virtual link after accounting for the link differential delays, smoothing CDV introduced by the control cells, and so on. These cells, defined as IMA Control Protocol (ICP) cells, provide the definition of an IMA frame.
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RNC
WAM
WBTS
WAM
WAM
ATM Connection TableHW VPI VCI
x x x
VCI
x
VPI
x
HW
x
CIF 1CIF 1CIF 1CIF 1CIF 1CIF 1CIF 1
0000000
30333435363738
IP Router AXC
NetAct
C-NBAPTCP/IP
D-NBAPUP
C-NBAPTCP/IP
UP
AAL2 sig
C-NBAPTCP/IP
D-NBAPUPUP
AAL2 sig
D-NBAPUPUP
AAL2 sig
AXU
33516171121122123
0111111
IFUCIFUCIFUCIFUCIFUCIFUCIFUC
ATM VPCs
To other BTSs ATM VCCs
UP
UP
UP
Connectionsbetween WAM and AXC areautomaticallyconfigured
WCDMA BTS - RNC connections
C-NBAPConnected to telecom master WAM. Uses AAL5 adaptation and QoS is CBR
D-NBAPConnected to each WAM. Uses AAL5 adaptation and QoS is CBR
AAL2SIGConnected to each WAM. Uses AAL5 adaptation and QoS is CBR
AAL2UP1-3 User Plane VCs per WAM. Uses AAL2 adaptation and QoS is CBR
O&M (DCN)Connected to SAR device in AXC. Uses AAL5 adaptation and QoS class is UBR
23 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0
ATM
Shared PDH/SDH capacity(n x 2M & n x 64k Fractional E1)PDH/SDH
IubAbis
Shared ATM capacity(Unstructured & Structured Circuit Emulation Service)
Both optionssupported
GSMBTS
NokiaUltraSiteWDCMA
BTS
NokiaUltraSiteWDCMA
BTS
IubAbis
GSMBTS
Combining WCDMA and GSM traffic
TDMUsing external PDH and SDH equipment to add and drop different traffic interfaces (E1,STM-1,T1, etc.).
Nokia's MetroHub, DN2 or the GSM BTS DTRU/TRUA can perform these required cross-connections.ATM traffic starts always with TS1 to TSn and then TSn+1 for TDM. A 64 kbit/s cross-connect is necessary
for changing TS. Advantage: existing GSM traffic does not have to be disturbed.
ATMUsing Circuit Emulation Service to add GSM (TDM) traffic to WCDMA (ATM) traffic. Disadvantage: GSM
transmission has to be interrupted before connecting it to the WCDMA transmission.
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The physical link can be fibre, microwave, leased service, etcBTS site: • WCDMA BTS connected to GSM Abis• WCDMA BTS supports ATM over Fractional Interface (E1/T1/JT1) BSC/RNC site:• TDM traffic (GSM + WCDMA) separated by TDM cross-connect Hub• Possible ungroomed fractional E1 traffic is terminated in a standalone AXC
GSMBTS
WCDMABTS
TDM link (PDH/SDH)BSC
RNC
Combined Abis and Iub
TDM cross-connect function (n x 64 kbits/s)
Fractional E1 (partly filled) (n x 64 kbits/s)
Fractional E1
Fractional E1Full E1 Full E1
HUB
TDM links with fractional PDH interface
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COMMONTRANSPORTON MICROWAVE
FB from WCDMA BTS
n x E1 or FB for GSM BTSGSM BTS
TRX
TRX
TRX
TRX
TRX
TRX TRUA RRIC
WSP WSP WSP
WCDMA BTS AXC
...WAM
WSP WSP WSP...WAM
Stand-aloneAXC
RNC
SFUNIU
BSC
ET
IFU
Common ATM transport for GSM and UMTS traffic
Circuit Emulation Service (CES)Unstructured service is intended to emulate a point-to-point E1 circuitStructured service is intended to emulate a point-to-point Fractional E1 circuitFully synchronous service because of UMTS requirementsNo Statistical Multiplexing Gain because of its CBR natureUnstructured circuit emulation service might be used to perform E1 TDM cross connection within AXC,
e.g. from one E1 to Flexbus and vice versaThe link between GSM BTS and WCDMA BTS can be one or more E1/T1 connections. Any of them can be
fractional or full E1/T1 frames. Circuit Emulation is using AAL1 conversion and CBR QoS class.At the RNC site shall be a CES Inter working Function which can be implemented with a standalone AXC.
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AAL2 VC configuration without AAL2 multiplexing (1/2)
In basic configuration without AAL2 Multiplexing 1 AAL2SIG and 1-2 AAL2UP per WAM is needed.
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AAL2 VC configuration without AAL2 multiplexing (2/2)
AAL2 ATM VC towards RNC
AAL2 ATM VC towards RNC
AAL2 ATM VC towards RNC
ATM Cell ATM Cell
ATM Cell ATM Cell
ATM Cell ATM Cell
WA
M 6
WA
M 2
WA
M 4
CID 13CID 12
CID 12
CID 12 CID 13
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BTS AAL2 multiplexing (1/2)
BTS AAL2 Multiplexing is an BTS feature that allows to concentrate the AAL2 Signalling VCs and AAL2 User Data VCs between BTS and AXC to one VC on the IUB Interface. This reduces the number of used AAL2-VCs between BTS and RNC, simplifies the network configuration and provides a gain in transmission capacity using the statistical multiplexing effect.
Depending on the traffic mix and other parameters, the expected Iub transmission capacity savings can be up to 30%.
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ATM Cell ATM Cell
AAL2 ATM VC towards RNC
BTS AAL2 multiplexing (2/2)
CID 12 CID 20
ATM Cell ATM Cell
ATM Cell ATM Cell
ATM Cell ATM Cell
WA
M 6
WA
M 2
WA
M 4
CID 13CID 12
CID 20
CID 21 CID 22
AAL2Mux
BTS AAL2 MultiplexingBTS AAL2 Multiplexing multiplexes and concentrates individual AAL2 connections (CPS packets) in AAL2 ATM VCs coming from different WAMs of a single Base Station into a minimized number of AAL2 ATM VCs towards the RNC.
30 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0
BTS AAL2 multiplexing - AXUB
AAM Module
AXUB
AXUA
connectors forAAM moduleBTS AAL2 Multiplexing is BTS AAL2 Multiplexing is
enabled by taking AXUB into enabled by taking AXUB into operation instead of AXUA.operation instead of AXUA.
AXUB consists of AXUA plus AXUB consists of AXUA plus a module called AAM (ATM a module called AAM (ATM
Adaptation Module): AXUB = Adaptation Module): AXUB = AXUA + AAMAXUA + AAM
AXUB can be operated as AXUB can be operated as AXUA by simply not taking AXUA by simply not taking
AAM into operation.AAM into operation.
In addition of HW difference, also SW works differently when AXUB is in use. Nokia provides an AXUA to AXUB upgrade service.
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STM-1 MSP protection
• Compliant with standard SDH MSP (Multiplex Section Protection)• Against equipment failures (at the interface)• Against point-to-point link failures
Protecting link
Working link
SiteRNC
RNC Configuration:
Working STM-1 interface
Protecting STM-1 interface
Multiplex Section Protection (MSP)The link protection method implemented since AXC C2.0 is the bidirectional MSP1:1 scheme specified in ITU-T Recommendation G.841, chapter 7.1. Switching is non-revertive, that is, traffic is not switched back to the original working facility even if the failure is corrected.
Note that RNC does not support MSP1:1 as such. For compatibility with the bidirectional MSP1:1 implemented in AXC C2.0, RNC supports the bidirectional MSP1+1 scheme specified in the TTC Rec. JT-G783. This scheme is compatible with MSP1:N bidirectional switching, and thus also with the standard ITU-T compliant bidirectional MSP1:1 implemented in the AXC C2.0.
The difference between MSP1:N and MSP1+1The MSP1:N and MSP1+1 link protection methods are easily confused. In the case of MSP1:N, user traffic is switched to the protecting interface only after any of the N working links fail (in C2.0 only N=1 is possible). In MSP1+1, the user traffic is transmitted along two paths simultaneously. At the receiving end, a selector is used to select the traffic from either the working or the protecting section. (It is also possible to bridge any of the working sections to the protecting section in MSP1:N. The receiving end, however, disregards the SDH payload in the protecting section until a switch is requested by the transmitting end, that is, the switching is not automatic as in MSP1+1.)
RNC supports the non-revertive bidirectional MSP1+1 compatible with the bidirectional MSP1:N protocol (JT-G783, section A.3.4.1).
32 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0
Full Native IP/Ethernet Connectivity Solution in RU10
• Provides 3GPP compliant IPv4 transport option for all RNC interfaces
• Allows to use IP and/or Ethernet connectivity from RNC towards to
– core networks (Iu-CS and Iu-PCS),
– other RNCs (Iur) and – base stations (Iub)
• New features available are:– Gigabit Ethernet Interfaces
(optical and electrical)– IP based Iu-PS, IP based Iu-CS– IP based Iur – IP based Iub
Iub/IP Iu-PS/IP
Iur/IPIu-CS/IP
3G BTS
3G BTS
RNC
RNC
MGW
SGSN
33 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0
IP based Iu-CS
SDHATM
AAL5IP
SCTPM3UASCCP
RANAP Iu User PlaneIu-CS Control Plane
Ethernet
Iu-CS User Plane
Iu-CS/ATM Iu-CS/IP
IPSCTPM3UASCCP
RANAP
UDPRTP
Iu User PlaneIu-CS Control Plane Iu-CS User Plane
RTCP
AAL2
• 3GPP compliant IP transport option for Iu-CS • Requires Ethernet interface unit at RNC
34 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0
IP based Iu-PS
• 3GPP compliant IP transport option for Iu-PS (packet switched) • Requires Ethernet interface unit at RNC
SDHATMAAL5
IPSCTPM3UASCCP
RANAP
UDPGTP-U
Iu User PlaneIu-PS Control Plane
Ethernet
Iu-PS User Plane
Iu-PS/ATM Iu-PS/IP
IPSCTPM3UASCCP
RANAP
UDPGTP-U
Iu User PlaneIu-PS Control Plane Iu-PS User Plane
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IP based Iur
SDHATM
AAL5
SSCF-NNIMTP3-BSCCP
RNSAP FP LayerIur Control Plane
Ethernet
Iur User Plane
Iur/ATM Iur/IP
IPSCTPM3UASCCP
RNSAP
UDPRTP
FP LayerIur Control Plane Iur User Plane
RTCP
AAL2SSCOP
• 3GPP compliant IP transport option for Iur • Requires Ethernet interface unit at RNC
36 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0
IP based Iub for Flexi WCDMA BTS/UltraSite WCDMA BTS
• Flexi WCDMA BTS, Ultrasite WCDMA BTS and RNC support 3GPP Rel-5/Rel- 6 compliant Iub/IP protocol stack via integrated Ethernet interfaces
• Based on IPv4• Reduced planning and configuration effort due to
complete absence of ATM layer• Reduced maintenance costs, e.g. BTS rehosting is
basically just a change of an IP address• Priority marking on IP (ToS/DSCP) and Ethernet (VLAN
priority bits) layerEthernet
Iub/IP
IPSCTP
NBAP
UDP
FP LayerIub Control Plane Iub User Plane
Packet Network
3G BTS RNC
EthernetEthernet
37 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0
Dual Iub for Flexi WCDMA BTS
Operator benefits• significant cost savings in backhaul, like
with solution Hybrid Backhaul with Pseudo Wires
• no external pseudo wire gateway required at RNC site
• higher peak rates possible as with n*E1s• BTS synchronisation is done via E1/T1
interfaces
Dual Iub allows • offloading data traffic to alternative
Ethernet path using 3GPP Rel-5/Rel-6 compliant Iub/IP protocol stack
• any Ethernet physical layer (e.g. DSL, ng-SDH, adaptive modulation microwave..) may be used
• ATM/TDM for delay critical R’99 voice and data traffic as well as signaling traffic
Packet Network
ATM(TDM Network)
RNC3G BTS
STM-1/OC3E1/T1
Ethernet Ethernet
38 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0
RNC Ethernet Physical Interface
New interface units for Iub, Iur and Iu: NP2GE– 2 Gigabit Ethernet ports
1000 Base-LX (optical) 1000 Base-TX (electrical)
– 1+1 interface protection between two units– max. 12 units in RNC
NP2GE
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Basic Ethernet Switching
• Flexi WCDMA BTS provides Ethernet switching between 2 Ethernet ports in RAN74 IP based Iub mode
• Other base stations can be connected to the Flexi WCDMA BTS either from the same location or daisy chained form different locations
Flexi WCDMABTS
RNCBTS
Flexi WCDMABTS
BTS
Packet Network
Controller
BTS Chainingexample
BTS Collocationexample Shaping of the aggregated Ethernet traffic
will be available with the feature RAN1769 Ethernet Switching
40 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0
Satellite links can be used for BTS backhaul for cases where conventional transport is not available or economical not feasible, like • for mobile BTSs, deployed for special/emergency situation in areas without any
transmission line/microwave access • on islands, on mountains, in jungle or any other remote areas.Iub is modified to cope with the characteristics of satellite links (increased delay, loss ratio etc.), leading to certain performance degradation.
Satellite Iub
NB
E1T1
RNCSTM1
modemsatellitestation modemsatellite
station
Please note:Satellite transmitters, modems, installation equipment etc. are
not part of this feature!
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Timing over Packet
• Synchronization information, needed for running air interface with required frequency accuracy, can be provided to BTSs over high quality packet network (e.g. Metro Ethernet)
• Allows to keep costs low by obsolescing use of GPS or Hybrid Backhaul (simultaneous usage of TDM and packet backhaul) for synchronization
Solution includes:• Timing over Packet (ToP) Master Clock at RNC sending synchronization
information to BTSs. RNC site node can be used to connect ToP Master• Functionality in BTS (ToP Slave) for recovering clock signal from Timing over
Packet data
Packet NetworkRouter
RNC
1588master
IEEE1588v2 PTP (unicast)
3G BTS
EthernetEthernet