02. predicate.doc

7/27/2019 02. Predicate.doc

1/4

What Is a Predicate?

In Englishgrammar, apredicate is one of the two main parts of a sentence. (The other mainpart is the subject.)

A predicate is usually defined as a word group that comes after the subject to complete the

meaning of thesentence orclause.

Types of Predicates

A predicate may be one word or many words.

(1) A predicate may be just a single word: the verb. In this first example, the verb laughed is

the predicate of the sentence:

Felix laughed.

(2) A predicate may be a word group made up of amain verb and any helping verbs. In the

next example, will sing is the predicate:

Winnie will sing.

Notice that the helping verb (will) comes before the main verb (sing).

(3) A predicate may also be a complete verb phrase: that is, a main verb and all the words

related to that verb exceptthe subject. In this last example, the predicate is the verb phrase is

always greener on the other side:

The grass is always greener on the other side.

Whether it's just one word or many words, the predicate usually follows the subject and tells us

something about it.

Examples of Predicates

In each of the following sentences, the predicate is in italics.

1. Time flies.

2. We will try.

3. The Johnsons have returned.

4. Bobo has never driven before.

5. We will try harder next time.
http://grammar.about.com/od/fh/g/grammarterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/fh/g/grammarterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/fh/g/grammarterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/predterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/predterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/subject.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/senterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/senterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/c/g/clauseterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/c/g/clauseterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/tz/g/verbterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/Main-Verb.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/fh/g/helpverbterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/tz/g/verbphraseterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/fh/g/grammarterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/predterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/subject.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/senterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/c/g/clauseterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/tz/g/verbterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/Main-Verb.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/fh/g/helpverbterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/tz/g/verbphraseterm.htm


2/4

6. Hummingbirds sing with their tail feathers.

7. Pedro has not returned from the store.

8. My brother flew a helicopter in Iraq.

9. My mother took our dog to the vet for its shots.

10. Our school cafeteria always smelled like stale cheese and dirty socks.

Predicate

Definition:

One of the two main parts of a sentence or clause, modifying the subject and including

theverb,objects, or phrasesgoverned by the verb. Adjective:predicative.

In bothgrammarand logic, the predicate serves to make an assertion or denial about the

subject of the sentence, as in "Merdine sneezes" and "Gus never smiles."

Don't confuse the termpredicate with the traditional grammatical termspredicate

nominative (a noun that follows a linking verb) andpredicate adjective(an adjective that

follows a linking verb).

Etymology:

From the Latin, "to proclaim" or "make known"

Examples and Observations:

"The subject of the sentence, as its name suggests, is generally what the sentence is

about--its topic. The predicate is what is said about the subject. The two parts can be

thought of as the topic and the comment."

(Martha Kolln and Robert Funk, Understanding English Grammar, 5th ed., 1998)

""We rob banks."

(Warren Beatty as Clyde Barrow in Bonnie and Clyde, 1967)
http://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/senterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/c/g/clauseterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/subject.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/tz/g/verbterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/tz/g/verbterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/objecterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/objecterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/phrase.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/phrase.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/fh/g/grammarterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/fh/g/grammarterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/fh/g/grammarterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/il/g/logicterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/predicatenominativeterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/predicatenominativeterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/predadjterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/predadjterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/predadjterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/senterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/c/g/clauseterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/subject.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/tz/g/verbterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/objecterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/phrase.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/fh/g/grammarterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/il/g/logicterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/predicatenominativeterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/predicatenominativeterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/predadjterm.htm


3/4

"Great minds discuss ideas; average minds discuss events; small minds discuss

people.

(Eleanor Roosevelt)

""If you build it, he will come."

(Ray Liotta as Shoeless Joe Jackson in Field of Dreams, 1989)

"Always do right. This will gratify some people andastonish the rest."

(Mark Twain)

Subject and Predicate

"'I came. I saw. I conquered.' In each sentence, Julius Caesar showed unity of thought and

expressed himself in the most direct way possible. Like Caesar, you should put your faith in

the sentence's bare bones: subject andpredicate. . . .

"The predicate, at its core, is a verb that tells what the subject does or is. In Caesar's

statements, the predicates are the single verbs came, saw, and conquered. . . . The

predicate, in short, is everything that is not the subject. In addition to the verb, it can

contain direct objects, indirect objects, and various kinds of phrases . . .."

(Constance Hale, Sin and Syntax: How to Craft Wickedly Effective Prose. Three Rivers Press,2001)

Predicate as Action

"The predicate typically describes a property of the person or thing referred to by the

subject, or describes a situation in which this person or thing plays some role. In elementary

clauses describing an action, the subject normally indicates the actor, the person or thing

performing the action, while the predicate describes the action, as in Kim leftand People

complained."

(Rodney Huddleston and Geoffrey K. Pullum,A Student's Introduction to English Grammar.Cambridge Univ. Press, 2006)

Placement of Subject and Predicate

"The conventional placement of subject and predicate in conversationhelps with the

identification. We expect to find the subject (the who or whata sentence is about) at the

beginning of the sentence, and once that is identified, we expect the rest of the sentence to
http://grammar.about.com/od/d/g/dirobjecterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/il/g/indirobjterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/c/g/conversationterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/c/g/conversationterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/d/g/dirobjecterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/il/g/indirobjterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/c/g/conversationterm.htm


4/4

tell what the subject does or is like."

(Thomas P. Klammer, Muriel R. Schulz, and Angela Della Volpe, Analyzing English Grammar.

Pearson Education, 2007)

Predicates and Arguments

"Current views of grammar hold that, in selecting a predicate, a language user determines

possible syntactic structures. Selecting the predicate GIVE obliges one to construct a

sentence on the lines GIVE + Noun Phrase + Noun Phrase (give the dog a bone) or GIVE +

Noun Phrase + to + Noun Phrase (give a bone to the dog).

"The entities that the predicate tells us about are referred to as its arguments. Thus, the

sentence Maggie gives the dog a bone has three arguments: Maggie, dog, bone. Sentences

are sometimes represented in terms of their underlying abstractpredicate/argument

structure, using a format in which the predicate appears followed by the arguments in

brackets: GIVE (Maggie, dog, bone)"

(John Field, Psycholinguistics: The Key Concepts. Routledge, 2004)

Predicate Words and Complements

"The relationship between the predicate word, such like DO, SAY, WANT, and SEE, and its

'complements' like SOMETHING, ONE THING, or SOMEONE is not the same as that between

a headand amodifier in an attributive relation, if only because a head can normally occur

with or without its attribute, whereas predicates like DO, SAY, WANT, and SEE do require

their complements (if they are not . . . understood as elliptical). At the same time, it is clear

that it is the element SOMETHING which is dependent on the predicates DO, SAY, and

WANT, rather than the other way around, for it is the predicate which determines whetheror not a complement is possible, and what the range of possible complements is. For

example, SEE combines, universally, with the complements SOMETHING, SOMEONE, and

PEOPLE, whereas SAY and DO (and in many languages WANT) combine only with

SOMETHING."

(Cliff Goddard and Anna Wierzbicka, "Semantic Primes and Universal Grammar." Meaning

and Universal Grammar: Theory and Empirical Findings. John Benjamins, 2002)

Pronunciation: PRED-i-kat
http://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/syntax.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/nounphraseterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/c/g/complterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/c/g/complterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/fh/g/headterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/fh/g/headterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/modterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/modterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/ab/g/attribadjterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/e/g/ellipsisterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/syntax.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/nounphraseterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/c/g/complterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/fh/g/headterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/modterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/ab/g/attribadjterm.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/e/g/ellipsisterm.htm

02. predicate.doc

Documents