01 zxr10 bc en ip network basics (tcpip basics) 1 ppt 201105 52

8/13/2019 01 Zxr10 Bc en Ip Network Basics (Tcpip Basics) 1 Ppt 201105 52

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/01-zxr10-bc-en-ip-network-basics-tcpip-basics-1-ppt-201105-52 1/52

TCP/IP Basics



Objectives

Upon completion of this course, you will beable to:

Know about TCP/IP protocol suiteBe familiar with commonly used IP network devices



Contents

OSI Model and Layer FunctionTCP/IP Protocol SuiteTransfer Control Protocol

Internet Protocol Address Resolution ProtocolIP Network Equipment



N.Y. Pekin TomJim

Post network

To Jim

Post code

Destination address

stamp

Post System



TCP/IP

First used protocol suiteUniversal De-facto standard

Internet standard communication

Host A

InternetTCP/IP

Host B



Data layer

Transport

Data link

Network

Physical

OSI Model

Upper layer

session

Presentation

Application Layer7

Layer6

Layer5

Layer4

Layer3

Layer2

Layer1



TCPUDPSPX

802.3 / 802.2HDLC

EIA/TIA-232V.35

IPIPX

Example

Data Layer Function

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

• Reliable and Unreliable transfer• Use retransmission to ensure reliability

• Combine bit to byte and byte to frame• Access media by MAC address• Error detection without error correction

Provide logical address and path-findingmethod for the working of routers

• Transfer bit between devices• Define voltage, bit rate, physical connection



Upper Layer Data

IP + TCP + Upper Layer Data

TCP+ Upper Layer Data

Upper Layer Data

0101110101001000010

Transport

Data Link

Physical

Network

Presentation

Application

Session

Data Decapsulation



Contents

OSI model and layer functionTCP/IP protocol suiteTransfer Control Protocol




Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

Application

Transport

Internet

Data Link

TCP/IP Model vs OSI Model



Application

Data Link

TCP

FTP

TELNE

T

DNS

TFTP

SMTP

UDP

21 23 25 53 69 161

IP

176

SNMP

Application

Transport

Internet

Data Link

ARP ICMP

Ethernet II (RFC 894 )

080008061

TCP/IP Protocol Suite



Contents





TCP Protocol

Source port (16) Destination port (16)

Sequence number (32)

Headerlength (4)

Acknowledgement number (32)

Reserved (6) Code bits (6) Window (16)

Checksum (16) Urgent (16)

Options (0 or 32 if any)

Data (varies)

20Bytes

Bit 0 Bit 15 Bit 16 Bit 31



well-known port number :1-1023common port number: 1024-65535

Port Number Range

Application

TCP

FTP

TELN

ET

DNS

TFTP

SMTP

UDP

21 23 25 53 69 161

SNMP

Application

Transport

Application

Transport

Internet

Data Link



Source PortNumber

Destination PortNumber

client

1028 23

SP DP

Telnet ZProcess #1

Port Number Function

Destination port = 23

Send packet to myTelnet

applicationserver

1029 23

Telnet ZProcess #2

Port multiplexing



Sender Receiver

Send 2Send 1

Send 3Ack 4

Send 5Send 4Send 6

Retransfer 5Send 5

Ack 7

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6

Sequence and Ack Number



Code Bits

URG: Urgent Pointer field significant ACK: Acknowledgment field significant

PSH: Push functionRST: Reset the connectionSYN: Synchronize sequence numbersFIN: No more data from sender

U

R

G

P

S

H

R

S

T

S

Y

N

F

I

N

A

C

K



Window size = 1

Send 1 Receive 1Ack 2

Send 2 Receive 2Ack 3

Send 1

Send 2

Receive 1Receive 2

Window size = 3

Send 3 Receive 3

Ack 4

Send 4

Sender Receiver

Sender Receiver

Window Control



Establish connection (synchronize)

Data transfer (Send Segments)

Sender Receiver

Connection-oriented Session

Tear down connection

1

3

2

TCP connection



Send SYN(seq=100 ctl=SYN) SYN received

Send SYN, ACK(seq=300 ack=101 ctl=SYN,ACK)

Established(seq=101 ack=301 ctl=ACK)

Host A Host B

1

2

3

SYN received

Establish Connection

TCP Three Way Handshake/Open Connection

Established



1028 23Source Dest.

103Seq .

302Ack .

1028 23Source Dest.

102Seq.

301Ack.

102823Source Dest.

103Seq.301

Ack.

102823Source Dest.

104Seq.302

Ack.

Data Transfer

SP DP Seq. # Ack. #

Host A Host B

Upper layer data



UDP Protocol

No sequence and acknowledgementUnreliable and connectionlessEfficient and fast

Source port (16) Destination port (16)

Length (16)

Data (if any)

Bit 0 Bit 15 Bit 16 Bit 31

Checksum (16)

8Bytes



Contents





Data Link

TCP UDP

IP176

Application

Transport

Internet

Data Link

ARP ICMP1

Internet/Network Layer

Define logical addressProvide path-finding methodrouters



IP Packet Format

Version(4)

Destination IP Address (32)

Options (0 or 32 if any)

Upper layer data (varies if any)

1Bit 0 Bit 15 Bit 16 Bit 31Header

Length (4)Type

of Service (8) Total Length (16)

Identification (16)Flags

(3) Fragment offset (13)

Time to live (8) Protocol (8) Header checksum (16)

Source IP Address (32)

20Bytes



Type of Service Field

precedence D T R 0 0

Bits 0-2: PrecedenceBit 3: Delay

Bit 4: ThroughputBit 5: ReliabilityBits 6-7: Reserved for future use

0 3 7



IP Address

Host A Host B

172.16.2.1 10.250.8.11172.16.2.1 10.6.24.2

Fei_1/1 Fei_1/2

255 255 255

DottedDecimal

Maximum

Network Host

255

1 2 8

6 4

3 2

1 6

8

4

2

1

11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111Binary

0 7 8 1516

23 24 31

1 2 8

6 4

3 2

1 6

8

4

2

1

1 2 8

6 4

3 2

1 6

8

4

2

1

1 2 8

6 4

3 2

1 6

8

4

2

1



Internet Control Message Protocol

Data LinkIP

Application

Transport

Internet

Data Link

ICMP1



Host A I am here .

ICMP echo reply

Hi B,are you there?

Host B

ICMP echo request

PING and Reachability

Host or port unreachableNetwork unreachable

Destination Unreachable

Is B reachable?

ICMP echo request

no yes



Time Exceeded and TTL

Host A Host B

A: Tracert 10.1.1.2

1: 172.16.1.1

2: 200.1.1.2

3: 10.1.1.2

10.1.1.2

10.1.1.1

200.1.1.1200.1.1.2

172.16.1.2

172.16.1.1

RA RB

TTL=1

TTL=2

TTL=3



Data Link Layer

Combine bit to byte and byte to frame Access media by physical address (MACaddress) SAP associated with upper layerprotocols type Error detection without error correction

Data LinkIP

Application

Transport

Internet

Data Link

ARP ICMP

Ethernet II (RFC 894 )

08000806 1



Address Resolution Protocol

Map IP to MACLocal broadcast

IP: 172.16.3.2Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111

172.16.3.1 172.16.3.2

IP: 172.16.3.2 = ???

I got the packet,I will reply with myMAC address.

I need the MACaddress of IP172.16.3.2

Host A Host B

Other hosts



Packet Process Procedure

FTP client

ftp://10.66.1.100:21 I wanna download a file

SP:1024 DP:21 Seq.100 Ack.200

FTP server

SIP:10.66.1.1 DIP:10.66.1.100,TTL=100, DF, Protocol=7

SA:01-00-39 DA:01-00-4A type=0800

01010010100010101010101010100010110111000101001



Contents





Hub — Work in Physical Layer

- Forward signal to all portsexcept receive port

- Interconnect hosts in samenetwork

PC1 PC2 PC3

0101101 0101101 0101101

Signal !!



Switch — Work in Data Link Layer

- Forward dataaccording to MACaddress- Interconnect hosts insame network

1.1.1.1

MAC1

1.1.1.2

MAC2

DATAIPMAC2

MAC Out

MAC1 1MAC2 2

DATAIPMAC2

1.1.1.3

MAC3



Difference between Hub and Switch

100M 10 ports hub 100M 10 ports switchbandwidth 100M

Morepeople

more slowly

bandwidth>100M*10*2

So many people!But it does not

matter



Router — Work in Network Layer

- forward according todestination IP address

- interconnect hosts in

different network- collect routing

information OSPFBGP

1.1.1.1

G: 1.1.1.254

MAC1

2.2.2.2

G:2.2.2.254

MAC2

data2.2.2.2MAC3 data2.2.2.2MAC2

fei_1/1 :1.1.1.254

MAC3

fei_1/2 :2.2.2.254

MAC3

NET OUT 1.0.0.0

fei_1/1 2.0.0.0 fei_1/2



Routing SwitchRouter

switch

RS

I’m a switch? I’m a router?

1.1.1.1/24G:1.1.1.254

1.1.1.2/24G:1.1.1.254

Interface fei_1/1ip add 1.1.1.254 255.255.255.0

1.1.1.2/24G:1.1.1.254

1.1.1.1/24G:1.1.1.254

Interface vlan10ip add 1.1.1.254 255.255.255.0



Routing Switch Working Mode —— Switching

1 23

1.1.1.1

G: 1.1.1.254

MAC1

1.1.1.2

G: 1.1.1.254

MAC2

2.2.2.2

G:2.2.2.254

MAC3

vlan10:1.1.1.254

MAC4

vlan20:2.2.2.254

MAC4

data1.1.1.2MAC2 data1.1.1.2MAC2

The received frame’s

destination MAC addressis different from RS’s MAC

address , switching

MAC OUTMAC4 vlan10MAC4 vlan20MAC1 P1



Comparison: Router and Routing Switch

Router Routing Switch

CPU + NP CPU + ASIC (Application SpecificIntegrated Circuit)

Less ports, costly More ports, high cost performance

Applicable to network export Applicable to exchange data in largeLAN, routing capability is not as goodas the same level router

01 zxr10 bc en ip network basics (tcpip basics) 1 ppt 201105 52

Documents