01 physical principles signal generation
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PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES
Signal Generation
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nuclei, protons and spins
signal generation
longitudinal relaxation T1
transverse relaxation T2
excitation and relaxation
relation between T1 and T2
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nuclei, protons and spins
signal generation
longitudinal relaxation T1
transverse relaxation T2
exitation and relaxation
relation between T1 and T2
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ATOM
protonpositive charge
neutronno charge
electronnegative charge
hydrogen atom
protonnucleus
signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
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Proton
signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
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electric charge+
rotation+magnetism
signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
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N
S
electric charge+
rotation
signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
magnetism
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X
Y
Z
summed
magnetization
signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
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X
Y
Z
signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
summed
magnetization
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X
Y
Z
signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
summed
magnetization
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X
Y
Z
signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
summed
magnetization
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0,01 Tesla
0 Kelvin = - 274 Co o
signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
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signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
5 ppm0,5 Tesla 1,5 Tesla
15 ppm2,3 ppm0,23 Tesla
20 Celsiuso
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B 0
signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
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B 0
signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
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B 0
signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
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B 0
signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
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B 0
signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
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B 0
signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
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B 0
signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
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B 0
signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
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B 0
signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
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B 0
signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
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B 0
signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
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B 0
signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
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B 0
signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
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B 0
signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
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B 0
signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
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B 0
signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
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B 0
signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
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B 0
signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
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B 0
signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
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B 0
signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
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B 0
signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
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B 0
Precession
Larmor frequency
signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
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B 0f0 = x B0
f = frequency
= constant of isotope
B = magnetic field
signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
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signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
Nucleus f0 (0,23 T) f0 (0,5 T) f0 (1,0 T) f0 (1,5 T) f0 (3,0 T)1H 9,8 MHz 21,3 MHz 42,6 MHz 63,9 MHz 127,8 MHz19F 9,2 MHz 20,0 MHz 40,0 MHz 60,1 MHz 120,1 MHz31P 3,9 MHz 8,6 MHz 17,1 MHz 25,7 MHz 51,4 MHz
23Na 2,6 MHz 5,6 MHz 11,3 MHz 16,9 MHz 33,8 MHz13C 2,5 MHz 5,4 MHz 10,7 MHz 16,1 MHz 32,1 MHz
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signal generationnuclei, protons and spins
NucleusMolar
Concentration (mol/l)
Relative sensitivity
1H 99,0 1,019F 0,0066 0,8331P 0,35 0,066
23Na 0,078 0,09313C 0,1 0,016
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nuclei, protons and spins
signal generation
longitudinal relaxation T1
transverse relaxation T2
excitation and relaxation
relation between T1 and T2