01 overview gc

1 © Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN20GLA1

LTE Functionalities and Features OverviewLTE Radio Parameters RL20


1. LTE Functionalities and Overview

2. Channel Configuration

3. General parameter DB structure and System Information Broadcast

4. Random Access

5. Radio Admission Control (RAC)

6. Radio Bearer Control & DRX /DTX Management

7. LTE Mobility Management

8. UL/DL Scheduler

9. MIMO Mode Control (MIMO-MC)

10.Power Control

Contents


LTE in 3GPP Release 8

3GPP and Operator Requirements

Packet Switched Domain Optimized

RTT <10 ms

Access Delay <300 ms

Peak Rates UL/DL 50/100 Mbps

Good Mobility and Security

Improve Terminal Power Efficiency

Frequency Allocation Flexibility with 1.4,3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz Allocations

WCDMA evolution work to continue

3-4 times higher capacity expected than with Release 6 HSDPA/HSUPA reference case

Study Phase

2004: 3GPP workshop on UTRAN Long Term Evolution

03/2005 Start of the study

12/2005 Multiple Access selected

03/2006 eNB/Core functional split selected

09/2006 Close of the study item & approval of work plan

Release 8 Stage 3 Output

06/2008 baseline

09/2008 baseline: Major PHY updates.

12/2008 baseline: Major MAC updates.

03/2009 baseline: Major L3 updates.


LTE/EPC Network Elements

Main references to architecture in 3GPP specs.: TS23.401,TS23.402,TS36.300

LTE-UE

Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN)

MME S10

S6a

ServingGateway

S1-U

S11

PDNGateway

PDN

Evolved Packet Core (EPC)

S1-MME

PCRFS7 Rx+

SGiS5/S8

Evolved Node B(eNB)

X2

LTE-Uu

HSS

Mobility Management

Entity Policy & Charging Rule

Function

S-GW /P-GW

eNB


LTE Radio Interface and the X2 Interface

LTE-Uu interface• Air interface of LTE

• Based on OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in UL

• FDD and TDD duplex methods

• Scalable bandwidth 1.4MHz to currently 20 MHz

X2 interface• Inter eNB interface

• X2AP: special signalling protocol

• Functionalities:

– For an inter- eNB HO to facilitate handover and provide data forwarding.

– In RRM to provide e.g. load information to neighbouring eNBs to facilitate interference management

– Logical interface: It does not need direct site-to-site connection, i.e. it can be routed via core network as well

(E)-RRC(E)-RRC User PDUsUser PDUs User PDUsUser PDUs

PDCPPDCP

..

RLCRLC

MACMAC

LTE-L1 (FDD/TDD-OFDMA/SC-FDMA)LTE-L1 (FDD/TDD-OFDMA/SC-FDMA)

TS 36.300

eNB

LTE-Uu

eNB

X2

User PDUsUser PDUs

GTP-UGTP-U

UDPUDP

IPIP

L1/L2L1/L2

TS 36.424

X2-UP(User Plane)X2-CP

(Control Plane)

X2-APX2-AP

SCTPSCTP

IPIP

L1/L2L1/L2TS 36.421

TS 36.422

TS 36.423

TS 36.421

TS 36.420


S1-MME & S1-U Interfaces

S1-MME interface

• Control interface between eNB and MME

• S1AP:S1 Application Protocol

• MME and UE will exchange non-access stratum signaling via eNB through this interface ( i.e. authentication, tracking area updates)

S1-U interface

• User plane interface between eNB and serving gateway

• Pure user data interface (U=User plane)

MME

ServingGateway

S1-MME(Control Plane)

S1-U(User Plane)

NAS ProtocolsNAS Protocols

S1-APS1-AP

SCTPSCTP

IPIP

L1/L2L1/L2

User PDUsUser PDUs

GTP-UGTP-U

UDPUDP

IPIP

L1/L2L1/L2

TS 36.411

TS 36.411

TS 36.412

TS 36.413

TS 36.414

TS 36.410[currently in TS 36.300 §19]

eNB

S1 interface is divided into two parts:


Physical Layer Technologies

Downlink: OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access).

Uplink: SC-FDMA (Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access).

Both FDD and TDD modes available.

Subcarrier spacing 15 kHz.

Scalable bandwidth.

FDD CarrierBandwidth

[MHz]

Number ofResource

Blocks

1.4 6

3 15

5 25

10 50

15 75

20 100

FDD with 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz Bandwidth supported in RL20


7 symbols(0.5 ms)

12 s

ubca

rrie

rs(1

80 k

Hz)

Symbol rate = 168 ksps

• QPSK => 2 bits per symbol => 336 kbps

• 16QAM => 4 bits per symbol => 672 kbps

• 64QAM => 6 bits per symbol => 1.008 Mbps

Resource Block (RB)

• Basic unit of resource

• 12 subcarriers wide in the frequency domain

• 7 symbols long in the time domain

• Thus, 84 symbols per resource block

• Bit Rate per Resource Block depends upon modulation scheme

Exercise - Theoretical RB Capacity(normal cyclic prefix case)

Bit Rates per Resource Block

Based upon 3GPP TS 36.211

TTI is 1 ms, i.e. duration of 2 resource blocks


Channel Bandwidth

1.4 MHz 3 MHz 5 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz

QPSK 2.016 5.040 8.400 16.800 25.200 33.600

16QAM 4.032 10.080 16.800 33.600 50.400 67.200

64QAM 6.048 15.120 25.200 50.400 75.600 100.800

64QAM (2×2 MIMO) 12.096 30.240 50.400 100.800 151.200 201.600

64QAM (4×4 MIMO) 24.192 60.480 100.800 201.600 302.400 403.200

• Bit Rates per Resource Block Number of Resource Blocks

• These bit rates are applicable to the bottom of the Physical Layer, i.e. coding rate has not been taken into account

• Also requirement to account for the overheads generated by Reference and Synchronisation Signals + other Physical Channels

Exercise - Theoretical LTE Bit Rates - Downlink

Figures in Mbps


LTE Peak Layer 1 Data Rates

• Downlink: Peak Rate 172 Mbps with 2x2 MIMO and 20 MHz

Modulation coding 1.4 MHz 3.0 MHz 5.0 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHzQPSK 1/2 Single stream 0.7 2.1 3.5 7.0 10.6 14.116QAM 1/2 Single stream 1.4 4.1 7.0 14.1 21.2 28.316QAM 3/4 Single stream 2.2 6.2 10.5 21.1 31.8 42.464QAM 3/4 Single stream 3.3 9.3 15.7 31.7 47.7 63.664QAM 4/4 Single stream 4.3 12.4 21.0 42.3 63.6 84.964QAM 3/4 2x2 MIMO 6.6 18.9 31.9 64.3 96.7 129.164QAM 1/1 2x2 MIMO 8.8 25.3 42.5 85.7 128.9 172.164QAM 1/1 4x4 MIMO 16.6 47.7 80.3 161.9 243.5 325.1

Modulation coding 1.4 MHz 3.0 MHz 5.0 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHzQPSK 1/2 Single stream 0.7 2.0 3.5 7.1 10.8 14.316QAM 1/2 Single stream 1.4 4.0 6.9 14.1 21.6 28.516QAM 3/4 Single stream 2.2 6.0 10.4 21.2 32.4 42.816QAM 1/1 Single stream 2.9 8.1 13.8 28.2 43.2 57.064QAM 3/4 Single stream 3.2 9.1 15.6 31.8 48.6 64.264QAM 1/1 Single stream 4.3 12.1 20.7 42.3 64.8 85.564QAM 1/1 V-MIMO (cell) 8.6 24.2 41.5 84.7 129.6 171.1

20 MHz

• Uplink: Peak Rate 57 Mbps with 20 MHz and 16QAM


LTE UE Categories

• All categories support 20 MHz• 64QAM mandatory in downlink, but not in uplink (except Class 5)• 2x2 MIMO mandatory in other classes except Class 1

Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5

10/5 Mbps 50/25 Mbps 100/50 Mbps 150/50 Mbps 300/75 MbpsPeak rate DL/UL

20 MHzRF bandwidth 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz

64QAMModulation DL 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM

16QAMModulation UL 16QAM 64QAM 16QAM 16QAM

YesRx diversity Yes YesYes Yes

1-4 txBTS tx diversity

OptionalMIMO DL 2x2 4x42x2 2x2

1-4 tx 1-4 tx 1-4 tx 1-4 tx


RRM Framework

•UE scope:Handover control, power control, Adaptive Modulation and Coding, outer link quality control, MIMO

•Cell scope:Radio Admission Control, Congestion Control

•eNode B scope: Packet Scheduler (cell scope for simpler implementation)

•RAN scope:Load Balancing, Inter-cell Interference Coordination

•Multi-RAT scope: Interworking with GSM/EDGE, UMTS and CDMA2000, inter-RAT HO


Layer 3RRM

Connection Mobility Control

Layer 2RRM

Time Scale

CallDuration

InterhandoverTime

ChannelFading Time

Burst or PacketDuration

Traffic, Channel andLocation Variations

Traffic, Channel andLocation Variations

Radio Admission Control

Intercell Interference Coordination

Fast DL AMC

1 ms

10 ms

100 ms

1 s

10 s

100 s

Load Balancing , Congestion Control

Packet Scheduling (UL/DL), fast ATBATB = Adaptive Transmission Bandwidth

L3 SignalingDelay

Slow UL Power Control (open/closed

Loop)

Slow UL Power Control (open/closed

Loop)

Outer Link Quality Control (OLQC)

UE DRX/DTX

Control

UE DRX/DTX

Control

LTE TTI

Slow UL LA/AMC,Slow UL ATB

Slow UL LA/AMC,Slow UL ATB

DynamicMIMOControl

DynamicMIMOControl

RRM Framework: Time Scale of RRM Functions


RRM Framework

•Radio Admission Control : Admission control will be encharged of deciding when new users (or mobility users) are allowed to establish bearers in the cell

•Handover control: is encharged of the mobility control within the LTE RRM. Based on UE reported events it will select the appropiate target cell for HO and initiate mobility procedures.

•Packet Scheduler: Is encharged of UL and DL scheduling every TTI and resource allocation. PS will decide which users are scheduled on a TTI basis, the location and the amount of resources allocated to each user.

•AMC (OLQC, OLLA) : AMC will perform link adaptation tasks to ensure radio resources are used in the most effiecient way possible.

•MIMO: This module is encharged of selecting whether Transmit diversity, Spatial multiplexing or dynamic switching between previous two modes will be emplyed for every user based on UE feedback

•Power control: For DL it will be a semi static configuration but for UL RRM will provide feedback for closed loop power control to reduce UL interference.

Functional Description of the different RRM Modules


RL10 FeaturesBTS Site SolutionLTE74 Flexi System Module FSMDLTE86 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 2100LTE88 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 900*LTE99 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 1.7/2.1LTE101 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 1800*LTE437 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 800EU*LTE547 Flexi RRH 2 TX 800EU*LTE76 Flexi BTS legacy MHA SupportLTE94 Feederless SiteLTE97 Cell range 77 km LTE155 Flexi BTS 3rd party MHA SupportLTE899 Antenna Line SupervisionLTE900 Flexi LTE BTS 40W Power SupportLTE903 Flexi LTE BTS 60W Power Support LTE904 Branch Activation in Triple RF ModuleTransportLTE129 Traffic prioritization on Ethernet layerLTE131 Traffic prioritization on IP layer (Diffserv)LTE138 Traffic shaping (UL)LTE707 Flexi Transport sub-module FTIBLTE710 Synchronization from PDH interfaceLTE711 Synchronization from 2.048MHz signalLTE875 Different IP addresses for U/C/M/S-planLTE132 VLAN based traffic differentiationLTE134 Timing over PacketLTE713 Synchronous Ethernet

RRM/Telecom LTE70 Downlink adaptive open loop MIMO for two antennasLTE1 S1/X2 data path managementLTE3 S1, X2 and RRC common signalingLTE5 Radio bearer and S1 bearer establishment and releaseLTE20 Admission controlLTE27 Open loop UL power control and DL power settingLTE28 Closed loop UL power controlLTE30 CQI adaption (DL)LTE31 Link adaptation by AMC (UL/DL)LTE37 CipheringLTE38 Integrity protectionLTE39 System information broadcastLTE40 Physical & transport channelsLTE41 PDCP, RLC & MAC supportLTE45 Fair scheduler (UL/DL)LTE49 PagingLTE50 UE state managementLTE51 Cell selection and re-selectionLTE53 Intra and inter eNB handover with X2LTE69 Transmit diversity for two antennasLTE788 Support of 16 QAM (UL)LTE187 Single TX path modeLTE423 RRC connection release with redirectLTE747 Support of UE radio capabilitiesLTE749 Link adaptation for PDCCHLTE761 Advanced target cell selection and handover retry for intra frequency handoverLTE762 Idle mode mobility from LTE to WCDMA, GSM or other LTE bandsLTE767 Support of aperiodic CQI reportsLTE43 Support of 64 QAM in DLLTE793 Support of 16 QAM (DL)


RL20 New FeaturesBTS Site SolutionLTE113 Cell Bandwidth - 15 MHzLTE447 SW support for RF sharing GSM-LTELTE101 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 1800LTE104 Flexi RRH 2TX 1800LTE677 Flexi 1600 MHz RF solution

TransportLTE140 Ethernet OAMLTE491 FlexiPacket Radio ConnectivityLTE649 QoS aware Ethernet switchingLTE564 IPSec on FTIBLTE592 Link Supervision with BFDLTE775 SCTP multi-homing (MME)

RRM/TelecomLTE2 S1 FlexLTE4 Multi-Operator Core NetworkLTE7 Support of multiple EPS bearerLTE9 Service differentiationLTE10 EPS bearers for conversational voiceLTE11 Robust header compressionLTE13 Rate cappingLTE22 Emergency call handlingLTE54 Intra-LTE handover via S1LTE55 Inter-frequency handoverLTE562 CSFB to UTRAN or GSM via redirectLTE703 DL adaptive closed loop MIMO for two antennasLTE819 DL inter-cell interference generationLTE870 Idle mode mobility from LTE to CDMA/eHRPDLTE914 Graceful cell shut down

Operability LTE492 ANRLTE185 System UpgradeLTE475 Automatic iOMS resiliencyLTE559 SW Monitoring Module for LTELTE830 LTE Automatic LockLTE502 Cell Outage triggered resetLTE163 Subscriber and Equipment TraceLTE433 Cell TraceLTE667 LTE User Event Log ManagementLTE796 iOMS connectivity increase

Performance Monitoring

LTE805 PM Counter Capacity I


MultiUser- MIMO (DL / UL)RelaysMulti-Band RadioAdvanced HetNetsDynamic Traffic Balancing

LTE (FDD) Roadmap Overview

RL20Quality of Service

Network & RF Sharing

Interference Aware SchedulingUE Power Saving (DRX)Operator Specific QCIsSubscriber Profile Based MobilityInter RAT Handover to WCDMANACC to GSMSON-ANR Fully UE BasedSON-Inter RAT ANRSON-Optimization Neighbor

RelationsSON-Automatic Alarm CorrelationSON-Mobility Robustness (MRO)Up to 6 Cells per Flexi BTSFast IP Rerouting

Frequency Bands: • 760 MHz

2008 2009 20102007 2Q/2011 4Q/2011 2Q/12 & 4Q/121/2011

Channel Aware Scheduler (UL)Smart DRXSmart Admission ControlOTDOA Location ServiceTTI BundlingCS Fallback EnhancementsSRVCC to WCDMA / GSMSON-Minimization of Drive TestsSON-MRO EvolutionTime Based Power SavingFlexi Multiradio System ModuleFlexi Lite BTS4-way RX DiversityIPv4/IPv6 Dual StackSynchronization Hub

Frequency Bands: • 1900 MHz• 900 MHz

RL30Network Operations

Enhanced IRAT Mobility

RL40Network Capacity

Smart Phones

Fair & QoS Aware Scheduling• Voice over LTE Solution• Service Differentiation• Rate CappingIntra LTE Mobility Inter RAT Mobility (Re-Selection)Multi-Operator Core NetworkMultiple EPS BearersCS FallbackSON-BTS Auto ConnectivitySON-BTS Auto ConfigurationSON-Central ANRSON-Self HealingTrace SolutionRF Sharing GSM - LTEQoS Aware Ethernet SwitchingEthernet OAMFlexi Packet Radio Connectivity

Frequency Bands:• 2600, 2100 and 1800 MHz• 1700/2100 and 1600 MHz• 800EU, 850 and 730 MHz

MIMO 4x2Carrier Aggregation 40 MHz Inter Frequency Load BalancingService Based HandoverFDD-TDD HandovereICICSON-Min of Drive Tests (Rel10)Coverage / Capacity OptimizationLoad Based Power SavingActive AntennasMultiradio System Sharing LTE Femto SolutionEthernet Path/Ring Protection

Under PlanningContractAvailable Study Item

RL50LTE - Advanced

Carrier Aggregation

RL60LTE - Advanced

Mar,2011

01 overview gc

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