01 introduction to umt snew

1 © NOKIA CTXX 5319en 3.0.PPT/ 17.12.2002 / Björn Wigforss

Introduction to UMTSIntroduction to UMTS


After completing this module, the participant should be able to:

List at least three significant events in the evolution of CDMA networks

List the four main network subsystems of UMTS Release 99

Explain how existing GSM networks have evolved to support additional services and new technologies

Name the four basic air interface access technologies

List at least three key benefits of WCDMA and identify at least three advantages of 3G networks for both the operator and the end-user

without using any references.

Objectives


19001900 First human voice transmission (Reginald Fessenden)

19481948 John Pierce describes CDMA Multiplexing

Significant events in (W)CDMA evolution

Where was CDMA first used?Where was CDMA first used?

19061906 First radio broadcast (Fessenden)

19491949 Claude Shannon & John Pierce describe major CDMA effects

19561956 "Antimultipath" RAKE receiver patented


1970s1970s CDMA used in several military communication and navigation systems

Why was CDMA implemented for military use?Why was CDMA implemented for military use?

1980s1980s Studies for narrowband CDMA for commercial mobile networks


1990s1990s Studies for wideband (~5 MHz) CDMA for mobile cellular systems



19961996 UMTS forum established

19971997 ITU requests proposals for candidate radio transmission technologies for IMT-2000 radio interface

19931993 USA used CDMA standardised in 2nd generation

19981998 ITU receives 10 proposals for terrestrial RTTs and

5 for satellite RTTs including:

- CDMA2000 (USA)- ARIB W-CDMA (Japan)

- UTRA (Europe)


19981998 3GPP formed to develop of a joint 3G system based on evolved GSM core and UTRA air interface

19991999 ETSI starts UMTS project

19991999 4 UMTS licenses awarded in Finland (beauty contest, January)

20032003 Commercial use of WCDMA networkCommercial use of WCDMA network



International Mobile Telephone - 2000

Direct Spread(on paired frequency spectrum)

CDMA

Multi Carrier(on paired frequency spectrum)

Time Code(on unpaired frequency spectrum)

Single Carrier(on paired frequency spectrum)

Time Code(on unpairedfrequency spectrum)

TDMA FDMA

cdma2000 UWC-136(EDGE)

(DECT)

Framework for 3G Systems

IMT-2000radio

interface options

3G systems

UMTSFDD mode TDD mode


3G.IP

OHG

Specification Bodies

UMTS


Vision of UMTS Specification Worldwide specified Clear added value to GSM and backward compatible with

GSM/ISDN Full support for multimedia and advanced services Generic radio access Services must not be limited by the network capability.

UMTS Release 99

new radio interface solution• more efficient• more flexible

WCDMA• FDD-mode• TDD-mode

network evolution• enhanced GSM core network• enhanced service infrastructure


3GPP Specifications• UMTS Rel' 99

• Compatibility with GSM Inter-operability

Services•UTRAN specifications, including WCDMA

air interface (Uu)

• Release 4 and 5•mainly specifies All-IP core network•call control and bearer control in separate

network elements•Real time QoS classes for packet switched

infrastructure•additional WCDMA solution (low chip rate

TDD mode)•Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)•Release 4 approximately implemented

starting from year 2003-2004


The subsystems of UMTS

WCDMA

ATM

Iu

NMSNMS

CNCNRANRAN

O&M

Uu

UEUE

UE = User EquipmentRAN = Radio Acces NetworkCN = Core NetworkNMS = Network Management System

Service PlatformService Platform


3G network management layers

Mobility Management (MM)

Session Management (SM)

Communication Management (CM)

Radio Resource Management (RRM)

UE RAN CN

Higher layer functions:• Service-related• Charging of a Bearer

Higher layer functions:• Service-related• Charging of a Bearer

Circuit/Packet-switchedsession management:• PDP Context Activation• CS-call Setup• Bearer Need• etc.

Circuit/Packet-switchedsession management:• PDP Context Activation• CS-call Setup• Bearer Need• etc.

Managed mainly by CN domains• Location Update• Location Registration• Paging• Security• Positioning• etc.

Control of Radio Resources• Admission Control• Code Allocation• Power Control• Handover Control and Macro Diversity


3G Access Rate targets

Environment RT Service Peak Rate(Delay fixedfixed 20 – 300 ms)

NRT Service Peak Rate(Delay variesvaries 20 – 300 ms)

Rural Outdoor(Speed < 250 km/h)

144 – 384 kb/s 144 – 384 kb/s

Urban/Suburban(Speed < 150 km/h)

384 – 512 kb/s 384 – 512 kb/s

Indoor/Low Range Outdoor(Speed < 10 km/h)

- 2 Mb/s(Special conditions)

- 2 Mb/s (Special conditions)

Pedestrian & Office (<10 km/h):bit rate <= 2 Mb/s

Outdoor (< 150 km/h): bit rate 384 kb/s, target 512 kb/s

Outdoor (<250 km/h):bit rate 144 kb/s, preferably more

3G Radio Access


HW/SW Changes

Network evolution

MSC&VLR

HLR & AC & EIR

PSTNBSC

BSC

BTS

BTS

TCSM

TCSM

ISDN

A GSM network is made from 3 Sub-Systems (BSS, NSS and OSS)

Value AddedService Platform(s):

SMSC, VMS

Even at the start, VAS (value added services) were part of GSM networks

TRX Change & Transmission Upgrade

HW/SW Changes

IN

IN was introduced for new services and differentiation (e.g. Pre-Paid)

IP Networks

Data Rates in GSM are increased by implementation of Features like HSCSD

SGSN

GGSNIP Networks

GPRS is added to existing networks to support Packed DataHigher data rates are obtained by introducing EDGE in the GSM network

UMTS Rel'3; new BTS, Radio Network Controller, Media Gateway, 3G-SGSN

RNCBTS

3G-SGSN

MGW

GPRS adds improved data services with a new Packets witched backbone Where SGSN and GGSN are two main

elements


CDMA theory


So you see bla, bla, bla, yada, yada110000110101100011101110001

The difference between analogue and digital

Analogue

Digital


FDD and TDD

Duplex Transmission

Frequency Division Duplex Time Division Duplex

frequency

time

frequencytim

e

Uplin

k

Uplink

Uplink

Uplink

Dow

nlin

k

Downlink

Downlink

Downlink


With FDMA, the users transmit simultaneously using separate

frequencies

frequency

time

mob

ile p

hone

1

mob

ile p

hone

4

mob

ile p

hone

2m

obile

pho

ne 3

carrier band


Space Division Multiple Access

Disadvantages with FDMA? Disadvantages with FDMA?


TDMA frame

frequency

time

TDMA frame

Mobile Phone 1

Mobile Phone 1

Mobile Phone 1

Mobile Phone 2

Mobile Phone 2

Mobile Phone 2

Mobile Phone 3

Mobile Phone 3

Mobile Phone 3

Mobile Phone 4

Mobile Phone 4

carrier band

TDMA divides the frequency into multiple time slices


Code Division Multiple Access


Sharing the frequency by using different codes

Codes

Power (P)

Time

Frequency


WCDMA air interface properties

FrequencyBand

Duration(spreading factor)

Power

WCDMAOriginating Bit Received Bit


Spreading and sharing the same space

ff

ff

User AUser A

User BUser B

DataData Data afterData afterspreadingspreading

PP

PP

TransmissionTransmissionover the airover the air

DespreadDespreadUser A signalUser B signalat the receiverat the receiver

ff

ff

ff ff

P

P

P P


Managing interference in CDMA

DespreadDespreadsignal at signal at the receiverthe receiver

TransmissionTransmissionover the airover the air

signalsignal

interferenceinterference

ff ff

pppp signalsignal

interferenceinterference


Features of WCDMA

• Efficient use of spectrum

• Limited frequency management

• Low mobile station transmit power

• Uplink and downlink resource utilisation independent

• Wide variety of data rates

• Improvement of multi-path resolution

• Statistical multiplexing advantage

• Increased standby-time from higher rate control channels.


Key operator benefits

New service capabilities means new business opportunities for operators, (further differentiation)

Revenue opportunity with increased data/voice traffic

New frequency spectrum

The path towards IP mobility


Key end-user benefits

Integrated customised services

Simplified service provisioning and service upgrades

• Wireless personal Internet

• Multimedia messaging

Enhanced e-mail

Telecommuting

Improved quality of service

• Support for video/audio clips


Please answer the Review questions

01 introduction to umt snew

Software

nokia ctxx

bjrn wigforss 1970s1970s

bjrn wigforss introduction

evolution of cdma networks

narrowband cdma

radio acces network

network capability

core network nms