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HISTORY OF

ARCHITECTUREAr. Maria Lourdes Rigunay, UAP

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HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE

A record of mans effort to build beautifully.

Traces the origin, growth, and decline of

architectural styles which had prevailed in countriesand ages.

Architecture provides a direct means of expressingviews of different cultures about the structure of theworld.

Architecture is the great book of mankind, man'sprimary means to express the various stages of hisdevelopment, whether by power or spirit.

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HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE

Buildings have significance and they pass messages,just as our clothing or the interior design of ourhomes pass on messages about our personalities

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HISTORIC STYLE OFARCHITECTURE

Particular method

Characteristics

Manner of design prevalent at a certain place andtime

Historical period is the particular time in the historyof man that a certain style was prevalent.

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INFLUENCING FACTORS

There are general influencing factors of a particulardesign of a building

From planning, to walling, columns, opening as in doors

and windows, roofing, mouldings, and ornaments.

Geography Geology Climate

Religion HistorySocial and

Political

The following are THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE HISTORIC STYLES in architecture:

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GEOLOGY

Describes the materials found in the locality.

Materials like stone, trees, reeds, bamboo, clay for bricks,marble, metal, etc, influence the character of the buildings.

Describes the character and composition of theearth and the contour of the ground and how itaffects the structure of that place and time.

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GEOGRAPHY

Pinpoints the location of a particular country.

Describes where it is: whether near the sea, on an

island, on mountains, deserts and other places in theglobe.

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CLIMATE

Climate is the prevailing weather in the country.

A country with much sunshine or little rain, or ifthere are winters with much snow has varying typesof architectural styles.

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RELIGION

The emotional temperament and spiritualtendencies of the people in a particular country.

If they are pagan, they would build temples fornumerous gods; if they are Christians, they buildchurches with altars; if they are Muslims they buildmosque.

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HISTORY

The background of the people as a whole.

If a country has a history of continuous wars, theywould have built fortified structures and much oftheir old buildings have been ruined and newstructures built.

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SOCIAL AND POLITICAL

How the people lived and are governed.

Hostile people would be warlike, friendly peoplewould be peace loving.

Countries ruled by kings build castles whiledemocratic countries build government buildings.

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Appreciate thehistory of aparticular cultureand USE IT AS AGUIDE and CATALYST

TO A NEWBEGINNING.

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EMBRACE CULTUREAS A BASIS.

CULTURE REFLECTSHISTORY.Historic and traditional architecture can

teach techniques.

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Study, analyze,determine theBASIC ELEMENTSAND RULES thatmade thearchitectureeffective.

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Evolve and improveupon thesetechniques to COMEUP WITH BETTERDESIGNS.

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IMPROVE THE

QUALITY OFDESIGN.

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TIMELINEHistory of Architecture

The construction of buildings reflects the scientific,

religious, social and philosophical worldview of

each period.

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SIGNIFICANT BUILDINGS

Temples and churches

Religious faith was dominant in human life

Royal palaces Increased importance of the rulers

Skyscrapers

Economic power.

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Gothic Architecture (1100-1450 AD)

Romanesque Architecture (500-1200 AD)

Byzantine Architecture (5

th

century AD)

Early Christian Architecture (373-500 AD)

Classical Architecture (850-476 AD)

Ancient Greek Ancient Rome

Ancient Egypt (3050-900 BC)

Ancient Near EastSummeria Mesopotamia Babylonia

Pre- historic ArchitectureOld Stone Age New Stone Age Bronze or Iron Age

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Contemporary architecture (1900-present)

Modern Critical regionalism Postmodern Deconstructivist

Early Modern architecture

Expressionist Art Deco (1925-1937) International Style (1900s)

Beaux-Arts architecture (1895-1925)

Art Nouveau (1890-1914)

Revivalism

Renaissance Architecture (1400-1600)

Baroque (1600-1830) Rococo (1650-1790) Return to Classicism

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REPEATING PHENOMENON

Oscillation between opposites:

Between rationalism and emotion

Imitation of nature and its absence

Decoration and pure forms.

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Classical Greek Rational approach

Hellenistic

Emotion

Medieval churches

Cistercian order-stern and devoid of decorations Order of Cluny-rich in sculptural decorations.

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Renaissance Rational forms and harmonies

Baroque Dynamic curving shapes, heavy male

Rococo

Light female

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Neoclassicism

Conservative rational

Romantic style

Feeling of longing for all distant places and times

Modernist style

Universal uniform which strived to break from the past

Postmodernism and Deconstructivism

A pluralistic approach.

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THANK

YOU!