01 - intro to 3g - ct5319en

1 © NOKIA Kittipon Thamapa v2.0

Introduction to Introduction to 3G/UMTS3G/UMTSNetworksNetworks

By

Kittipong ThamapaEmail: [email protected]


After completing this module, the participant should be able to:

List at least three significant events in the evolution of CDMA networks

List the four main network subsystems of 3G

Explain how existing GSM networks support 3G

Name the four basic air interface access technologies

List at least three key benefits of WCDMA and identify at least three advantages of 3G networks for both the operator and the end-user

Objectives


Vision of 3G/UMTS Specification Worldwide specified

Clear added value to GSM and backward compatible with GSM/ISDN

Full support for multimedia and advanced services and service must not be limited by network capability

Full coverage and mobility 384 Kbps

Limited coverage ~2 Mbps

High spectrum efficiency compare to existing system


Americas: GSM

EDGE IS-136

China: GSM

EDGE, WCDMA

SEAP: GSM

EDGE, WCDMA

Korea: WCDMA

Japan: WCDMA

Europe: GSM

EDGE, WCDMA

3G globally


19001900 First human voice transmission (Reginald Fessenden)

19481948 John Pierce describes CDMA Multiplexing

Significant events in (W)CDMA evolution

Where was CDMA first used?Where was CDMA first used?

19061906 First radio broadcast (Fessenden)

19491949 Claude Shannon & John Pierce describe major CDMA effects

19561956 "Antimultipath" RAKE receiver patented


1970s1970s CDMA used in several military communication and navigation systems

Why was CDMA implemented for military use?Why was CDMA implemented for military use?

1980s1980s Studies for narrowband CDMA for commercial mobile networks


1990s1990s Studies for wideband (~5 MHz) CDMA for mobile cellular systems



19961996 UMTS forum established

19971997 ITU requests proposals for candidate radio transmission technologies for IMT-2000 radio interface

19931993 USA used CDMA standardised in 2nd generation

19981998 ITU receives 10 proposals for terrestrial RTTs and

5 for satellite RTTs including:

- CDMA2000 (USA)- ARIB W-CDMA (Japan)

- UTRA (Europe)


19981998 3GPP formed to develop of a joint 3G system based on evolved GSM core and UTRA air interface

19991999 ETSI starts UMTS project

19991999 4 UMTS licenses awarded in Finland (beauty contest, January)

2001-22001-2 Commercial use of WCDMA networkCommercial use of WCDMA network



3G.IP

OHG

Specification Bodies

3G

3GPP : 3G Partnership Projectwww.3gpp.org


3G Access Rate targets

Environment RT Service Peak Rate(Delay fixedfixed 20 – 300 ms)

NRT Service Peak Rate(Delay variesvaries 20 – 300 ms)

Rural Outdoor(Speed < 250 km/h)

144 – 384 kb/s 144 – 384 kb/s

Urban/Suburban(Speed < 150 km/h)

384 – 512 kb/s 384 – 512 kb/s

Indoor/Low Range Outdoor(Speed < 10 km/h)

- 2 Mb/s(Special conditions)

- 2 Mb/s (Special conditions)

Pedestrian & Office (<10 km/h):bit rate <= 2 Mb/s

Outdoor (< 150 km/h): bit rate 384 kb/s, target 512 kb/s

Outdoor (<250 km/h):bit rate 144 kb/s, preferably more

3G Radio Access


Features of WCDMA

• Efficient use of spectrum

• No frequency management

• Low mobile station transmit power

• Uplink and downlink resource utilisation independent

• Wide variety of data rates

• Improvement of multi-path resolution RAKE receiver

• Statistical multiplexing advantage

• Increased standby-time from higher rate control channels.


Key operator benefits

New service capabilities

(means new business opportunityfor operators)

Revenue opportunity with increased data/voice traffic

New frequency spectrum

The path towards IP mobility


Key end-user benefits

Integrated customised services

Simplified service provisioning and service upgrades

• Wireless personal Internet

• Multimedia messaging

Enhanced e-mail

Improved quality of service

• Support for video/audio clips


HW/SW Changes

Network evolution

MSC&VLR

HLR & AC & EIR

PSTNBSC

BSC

BTS

BTS

TCSM

TCSM

ISDN

A GSM network is made from 3 Sub-Systems (BSS, NSS and OSS)

Value AddedService Platform(s):

SMSC, VMS

Even at the start, VAS (value added services) were part of GSM networks

TRX Change & Transmission Upgrade

HW/SW Changes

IN

IN was introduced for new services and differentiation (e.g. Pre-Paid)

IP Networks

Data Rates in GSM are increased by implementation of Features like HSCSD

SGSN

GGSNIP Networks

GPRS is added to existing networks to support Packed DataHigher data rates are obtained by introducing EDGE in the GSM network

UMTS Rel'3; new WBTS, Radio Network Controller(RNC), Media Gateway (MGW), 3G-SGSN

MGWRNCBTS

3G-SGSN


The subsystems of UMTS

WCDMA

ATM

Iu

NMSNMS

CNCNRANRAN

O&M

Uu

UEUE

UE = User EquipmentRAN = Radio Acces NetworkCN = Core NetworkNMS = Network Management System

Service PlatformService Platform


3G network management layers

Mobility Management (MM)

Session Management (SM)

Communication Management (CM)

Radio Resource Management (RRM)

UE RAN CN

Higher layer functions:• Call Control• Supplementary Service• SMS

Higher layer functions:• Call Control• Supplementary Service• SMS

Circuit/Packet-switchedsession management:• PDP Context Activation• CS-call Setup

Circuit/Packet-switchedsession management:• PDP Context Activation• CS-call Setup

Managed mainly by CN domains• Location Update• Location Registration• Paging

Control of Radio Resources• Admission Control• Load Control• Packet Scheduling• Handover Control• Resource Management• Power Control


So you see bla, bla, bla, yada, yada110000110101100011101110001

The difference between analogue and digital

1G move to 2G


4 Basic Air Interface Access Technology

•FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access)

•SDMA (Space Division Multiple Access)

•TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)

•CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)


20 to 50 miles

High power Lower Frequency

lines to switching center

1. FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access)


With FDMA, the users transmit simultaneously using separate

frequencies


2. SDMA (Space Division Multiple Access)

Disadvantages with FDMA? Disadvantages with FDMA?


TDMA divides the frequency into multiple time slices

3. TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)


4. CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)


CDMA identifies each conversation

by a code rather than frequency or time slice


Sharing the frequency by using different codes

Codes

Power (P)

Time

Frequency


2G move to 3G WCDMAWCDMA air interface (5 MHz

bandwidth)

FrequencyBand

SpreadingFactor

Power

W CDMAO riginating Bit Received B it

3G Service support various data rate by using different Spreading Factor


Spreading and sharing the same space

ff

ff

User AUser A

User BUser B

DataData Data afterData afterspreadingspreading

PP

PP

TransmissionTransmissionover the airover the air

DespreadDespreadUser A signalUser B signalat the receiverat the receiver

ff

ff

ff ff

P

P

P P


Managing interference in CDMA

DespreadDespreadsignal at signal at the receiverthe receiver

TransmissionTransmissionover the airover the air

signalsignal

interferenceinterference

ff ff

pppp signalsignal

interferenceinterference


3GPP Specifications• Release 3 (known as Rel' 99)

• Compatibility with GSM Inter-operability

Services•UTRAN specifications, including WCDMA

air interface (Uu)

• Release 4 and 5 (known as Rel'00)•Release 4 mainly specifies All-IP core

network•Release 5 will specify VoIP and adding

features to Release 4•The role of the MSC/VLR will change; the

traffic will no longer go through the element, but it will control the calls as a server


1. Which of the following definitions for the abbreviation 3GPP is true?

A. It is a specification body organised by the manufactures to promote new technologies.

B. It is an EU organisation that specifies all the features that a 3G network must support.

C. It is an organisational body by the operators to promote the harmonisation of different 3G technologies.

D. It is the name of the interface between the RAN and the CN.

E. It is a specification body that takes care of the specification work in co-operation with many institutes.


2. Name the four subsystems in the UMTS network Release 3.

• RAN (Radio Access Network)

• CN (Core Network)

• NMS (Network Management Subsystems) NetAct

• Service Platform


3. Which of the following elements is not part of the core network?

A. HLR

B. GGSN

C. RNC

D. EIR


4. Which of the following sentences about EDGE is true?

A. EDGE is needed to support IN prepaid services.

B. EDGE is using a more efficient coding and modulation technique than in GSM to increase data throughput.

C. EDGE and GSM networks are incompatible.

D. EDGE will allow telephone calls to take place faster as people can talk faster than in GSM institutes.


5. The SGSN is not needed to support 3G IP connections.

• FDMA

• SDMA

• TDMA

• CDMA

FALSE

6. List the four basic air interface technologies.


7. Which of the following is true (circle the correct answer)?

A. 1st generation networks are digital and 2nd generation networks are analogue.

B. WCDMA is a 2nd generation technology.

C. TDMA and CDMA were introduced in 2nd generation networks.

D. Data, fax, and SMS services will first be introduced with WCDMA.


8. Describe the main difference between analogue and digital.

• Analogue

: The information, I.e. voice , is modulate directly with carrier and transmit over the air. (easy to trap information)

• Digital

: The information, quantised to digital format ( 0 or 1 ) (if it analogue) then modulate and transmit over the air.


9. Which of the following are benefits of WCDMA (circle the correct

answer)?

A. Improvement of Erlang capacity.

B. No frequency change allows imperceptible soft handovers.

C. New available frequency spectrum.

D. All of the above.


10. CDMA is an access technology, which was developed for high capacity commercial mobile networks.

a. Integrated services that may be customised per subscriber

b. Ability to download and activate new services at will

c. Multimedia messaging

d. Possibility for telecommuting

e. Improved quality of service

f. Videophony

g. Location-based services

h. Support for video/audio clips

FALSE11. Which of the following are

benefits or services for the end user? .

01 - intro to 3g - ct5319en

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