PHARMACOTHERAPYPRINCIPLES & PRACTICE

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NOTICE

Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge,

changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked

with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally

in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human

error or changes in medical sciences, neither the editors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been

involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the information contained herein is

in every respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or omissions or for

the results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Readers are encouraged to confirm

the information contained herein with other sources. For example and in particular, readers are advised to

check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be

certain that the information contained in this work is accurate and that changes have not been made in the

recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This recommendation is of particular

importance in connection with new or infrequently used drugs.

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PHARMACOTHERAPYPRINCIPLES & PRACTICE

EDITORS

MARIE A. CHISHOLM-BURNS, PHARMD, FCCP, FASHP

Professor and HeadDepartment of Pharmacy Practice and ScienceThe University of Arizona College of PharmacyTucson, Arizona

BARBARA G. WELLS, PHARMD, FASHP, FCCP, BCPP

Professor and DeanSchool of PharmacyThe University of MississippiUniversity, Mississippi

TERRY L. SCHWINGHAMMER, PHARMD, FCCP, FASHP,BCPS

Professor and Chair of Clinical PharmacySchool of PharmacyWest Virginia UniversityMorgantown, West Virginia

PATRICK M. MALONE, PHARMD, FASHP

Assistant Dean and Professor of Pharmacy PracticeSchool of PharmacyUniversity of FindlayFindlay, Ohio

JILL M. KOLESAR, PHARMD, BCPS

Associate ProfessorUniversity of Wisconsin School of PharmacyFaculty SupervisorAnalytical Instrumentation LaboratoryMadison, Wisconsin

JOHN C. ROTSCHAFER, PHARMD, FCCP

ProfessorDepartment of Experimental and Clinical PharmacologyCollege of PharmacyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolis, Minnesota

JOSEPH T. DIPIRO, PHARMD, FCCP

Professor and Executive DeanSouth Carolina College of PharmacyUniversity of South Carolina, ColumbiaMedical University of South CarolinaCharleston, South Carolina

New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico CityMilan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto

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PHARMACOTHERAPY PRINCIPLES & PRACTICE

Copyright 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rightsreserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as per-mitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part ofthis publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form orby any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, withoutthe prior written permission of the publisher.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 xxx/xxx 0 9 8 7

ISBN-13: 978-0-07-144880-2ISBN-10: 0-07-144880-2

This book was set in Minion by International Typesetting andComposition.The editors were Michael Brown, Jason Malley, Robert Pancotti, andRegina Y. Brown.The production supervisor was Philip Galea.The text designer was Joan OConnor.The cover designer was __________.The indexer was __________.____________ was printer and binder.

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

Please tell the author and publisher what you think of this book bysending your comments to pharmacotherapy@mcgraw-hill.com.Put the author and title of the book in the subject line.

Cover images copyright 2006 by Obi-Tabot Tabe, PharmD. Theimages used on the cover and spine are taken from an 18'' 24'' oilpainting by Obi-Tabot Tabe, PharmD, a painter, graphic designer,scientific illustrator, and pharmacist. Dr. Tabe, originally fromCameroon, is a graduate of the University of Pittsburgh, School ofPharmacy. The painting represents the use of loop diuretics in thetreatment of edema and hypertension. A schematic drawing of thenephron and skeletal representations of molecular structures of twoloop diuretics (furosemide and ethacrynic acid) are incorporated intothe design. Two pharmacokinetic curves (IV bolus infusion and oraldrug administration) associated with drug monitoring and drugregimen adjustments are also evident in this abstract design.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Pharmacotherapy principles & practice / editors,Marie A. Chisholm-Burns . . . [et al.].

p. ; cm.Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN-13: 978-0-07-144880-2 (alk. paper)ISBN-10: 0-07-144880-2 (alk. paper)1. ChemotherapyTextbooks. I. Chisholm, Marie A. II. Title:

Pharmacotherapy principles and practice.[DNLM: 1. Drug Therapy. WB 330 P53592 2007]

RM262.P475 2007615.58dc22

2006046830

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CONTENTS

v

Contributors ixReviewers xxiPreface xxix

PART ONE. BASIC CONCEPTS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY PRINCIPLESAND PRACTICE 1

1. Introduction 3Jack E. Fincham

PART TWO. DISORDERS OF ORGAN SYSTEMS 7

Section 1. Cardiovascular Disorders 9

2. Hypertension 9Robert J. Straka, R. Todd Burkhardt, and David Parra

3. Heart Failure 33Orly Vardeny and Tien M. H. Ng

4. Ischemic Heart Disease 63Larisa H. Cavallari and Robert J. DiDomenico

5. Acute Coronary Syndromes 83Sarah A. Spinler and Simon de Denus

6. Arrhythmias 107James E. Tisdale

7. Venous Thromboembolism 133Stuart T. Haines and Edith A. Nutescu

8. Stroke 161Susan R. Winkler

9. Hyperlipidemia 175Matthew K. Ito

10. Hypovolemic Shock 195Bradley A. Boucher and G. Christopher Wood

Section 2. Respiratory Disorders 209

11. Asthma 209W. Greg Leader

12. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 231Tara R. Whetsel and Nicole D. Verkleeren

13. Cystic Fibrosis 245Kimberly J. Novak

Section 3. Gastrointestinal Disorders 257

14. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease 257Dianne B. Williams and Marie A. Chisholm

15. Peptic Ulcer Disease 269Jeffrey J. Fong and John W. Devlin

16. Inflammatory Bowel Disease 281Brian A. Hemstreet

17. Nausea and Vomiting 295Sheila Wilhelm

18. Constipation, Diarrhea, and IrritableBowel Syndrome 307Beverly Mims and Clarence Curry

19. Portal Hypertension and Cirrhosis 323Laurajo Ryan

20. Pancreatitis 337Joseph J. Kishel

21. Viral Hepatitis 345Juliana Chan

Section 4. Renal Disorders 361

22. Acute Renal Failure 361Mary K. Stamatakis

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23. Chronic and End-Stage Renal Disease 373Kristine S. Schonder

24. Fluids and Electrolytes 403Mark A. Malesker and Lee E. Morrow

25. Acid-Base Disturbances 419Lee E. Morrow and Mark A. Malesker

Section 5. Neurologic Disorders

26. Multiple Sclerosis 431Melody Ryan

27. Epilepsy 443Timothy E. Welty and Edward Faught

28. Status Epilepticus 461Gretchen M. Brophy and Eljim P. Tesoro

29. Parkinsons Disease 473Mary L. Wagner

30. Pain Management 487Christine K. ONeil

31. Headache 501Leigh Ann Ross and Brendan S. Ross

Section 6. Psychiatric Disorders

32. Alzheimers Disease 513Gary M. Levin, Toya M. Bowles, and Megan J. Ehret

33. Substance-Related Disorders 525Sally K. Guthrie, Kirk J. Brower,and Maher Karam-Hage

34. Schizophrenia 549Deanna L. Kelly and Elaine Weiner

35. Major Depressive Disorder 569Marshall Cates, Angela Passero,and Jacqueline Feldman

36. Bipolar Disorder 585Brian L. Crabtree and Martha J. Faulkner

37. Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder,and Social Anxiety Disorder 605Sheila Botts, Tawny Bettinger, and Brian Greenlee

38. Sleep Disorders 621John M. Dopp and Bradley G. Phillips

39. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 633Kevin W. Cleveland and John Erramouspe

Section 7. Endocrinologic Disorders

40. Diabetes Mellitus 643Christopher L. Cook, John T. Johnson,and William E. Wade

41. Thyroid Disorders 667Michael D. Katz

42. Adrenal Gland Disorders 685Devra K. Dang, Judy T. Chen, Frank Pucino, Jr.,and Karim Anton Calis

43. Pituitary Gland Disorders 701Judy T. Chen, Devra K. Dang, Frank Pucino, Jr.,and Karim Anton Calis

Section 8. Gynecologic and Obstetric Disorders

44. Pregnancy and Lactation: TherapeuticConsiderations 721Deborah Sturpe and Kari Alperovitz-Bichell

45. Contraception 737Julie M. Koehler and Kathleen B. Haynes

46. Pharmacotherapy Essentials 751Elena M. Umland, Lara C. Weinstein,and Abby Morris

47. Hormone-Replacement Therapy in Menopause 765Nicole S. Culhane and Melissa A. Somma

Section 9. Urologic Disorders

48. Erectile Dysfunction 779Cara Liday and Catherine Heyneman

49. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia 791Mary Lee and Roohollah Sharifi

50. Urinary Incontinence and Pediatric Enuresis 803David R.P. Guay

Section 10. Immunologic Disorders

51. Allergic and Pseudoallergic Drug Reactions 819J. Russell May and Philip H. Smith

52. Solid-Organ Transplantation 829Steven Gabardi and Ali J. Olyaei

vi CONTENTS

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Section 11. Bone and Joint Disorders 853

53. Osteoporosis 853Beth Bryles Phillips

54. Rheumatoid Arthritis 867Susan P. Bruce

55. Osteoarthritis 879Benjamin J. Epstein, John G. Gums, and Karen Hall

56. Gout and Hyperuricemia 891Geoffrey C. Wall

57. Musculoskeletal Disorders 899Jill S. Burkiewicz

Section 12. Disorders of the Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat 909

58. Glaucoma 909Mikael D. Jones

59. Allergic Rhinitis 925Kristi N. Hofer and Michelle W. McCarthy

60. Minor Ophthalmic Disorders 935Kendra J. Grande

Section 13. Dermatologic Disorders 949

61. Psoriasis 949Rebecca M.T. Law

62. Common Skin Disorders 959Angie L. Goeser

Section 14. Hematologic Disorders 975

63. Anemia 975Edward C. Li and James M. Hoffman

64. Coagulation Disorders 987Alma Hamidovic

65. Sickle Cell Disease 1003Tracy M. Hagemann and Teresa V. Lewis

Section 15. Diseases of Infectious Origin 1019

66. Antimicrobial Regimen Selection 1019Catherine M. Oliphan and Karl Madaras-Kelly

67. Central Nervous System Infections 1033S. Diane Goodwin and Charles E. Hartis

68. Lower Respiratory Tract Infections 1049Diane M. Cappelletty

69. Upper Respiratory Tract Infections 1061Heather L. VandenBussche

70. Skin and Soft Tissue Infections 1075A. Christie Graham and Randy Wesnitzer

71. Infective Endocarditis 1089Ronda L. Akins

72. Tuberculosis 1105Charles A. Peloquin and Rocsanna Namdar

73. Gastrointestinal Infections 1117Elizabeth D. Hermsen and Ziba Jalali

74. Intraabdominal Infections 1129Joseph T. DiPiro and Thomas R. Howdieshell

75. Parasitic Diseases 1139J.V. Anandan

76. Urinary Tract Infection 1151Brian A. Potoski

77. Sexually Transmitted Infections 1159Marlon Honeywell and Michael Thompson

78. Osteomyelitis 1177Melinda M. Neuhauser and Susan L. Pendland

79. Sepsis and Septic Shock 1185S. Scott Sutton

80. Superficial Fungal Infections 1199Lauren S. Schlesselman

81. Invasive Fungal Infections 1211Russell E. Lewis and P. David Rogers

82. Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Surgery 1231Jeremy A. Schafer and John C. Rotschafer

83. Vaccines and Toxoids 1239Marianne Billeter

84. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection 1253Amanda Corbett, Rosa Yeh, Julie Dumond,and Angela D.M. Kashuba

CONTENTS vii

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Section 16. Oncologic Disorders 1277

85. Cancer Chemotherapy and Treatment 1277Dianne Brundage

86. Breast Cancer 1303Kristine Hahn and Laura Boehnke Michaud

87. Lung Cancer 1323Val Adams and Justin Balko

88. Colorectal Cancer 1341Patrick J. Medina

89. Prostate Cancer 1357Jill M. Kolesar

90. Malignant Lymphomas 1371Chris Fausel

91. Ovarian Cancer 1385Judith A. Smith

92. Acute Leukemias 1397Nancy Heideman

93. Chronic Leukemias and Multiple Myeloma 1415Amy M. Pick and Timothy R. McGuire

94. Skin Cancer 1425Trinh Pham

95. Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation 1447Jeannine S. McCune

96. Oncologic Emergencies 1467Brad L. Stanford

Section 17. Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders 1493

97. Parenteral Nutrition 1493Michael D. Kraft and Imad F. Btaiche

98. Enteral Nutrition 1511Sarah J. Miller

99. Overweight and Obesity 1529Maqual R. Graham and Cameron C. Lindsey

Appendices 1541

Appendix A: Conversion Factors and Anthropometrics 1541

Appendix B: Common Laboratory Tests 1545

Appendix C: Common Medical Abbreviations 1551

Appendix D: Glossary 1557

Index 0000

viii CONTENTS

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CONTRIBUTORS

ix

Val R. Adams, PharmDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of KentuckyOncology Clinical SpecialistMarkey Cancer CenterLexington, KentuckyChapter 87: Lung Cancer

Ronda L. Akins, PharmDAssistant ProfessorInfectious DiseasesUniversity of Louisiana at MonroeCollege of PharmacyMonroe, LouisianaChapter 71: Infective Endocarditis

Kari Alperovitz-Bichell, MD, MPHAssistant ProfessorFamily MedicineUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineUniversity of Maryland Medical SystemBaltimore, MarylandChapter 44: Pregnancy and Lactation: Therapeutic Considerations

J. V. Anandan, PharmDAdjunct Associate Professor of PharmacyEugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesWayne State UniversityPharmacy SpecialistHenry Ford HospitalDetroit, MichiganChapter 75: Parasitic Diseases

Justin M. Balko, PharmDGraduate StudentUniversity of KentuckyPharmacistUK Chandler Medical CenterLexington, KentuckyChapter 87: Lung Cancer

Tawny L. Bettinger, PharmDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Texas at AustinCollege of PharmacyAustin, TexasChapter 37: Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder,and Social Anxiety Disorder

Marianne Billeter, PharmD, BCPS Clinical Pharmacy SpecialistInfectious DiseasesOchsner Clinic FoundationNew Orleans, LouisianaChapter 83: Vaccines and Toxoids

Sheila R. Botts, PharmD, BCPPAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Kentucky College of PharmacyClinical Pharmacy SpecialistPsychiatryLexington Veterans Affairs Medical CenterLexington, KentuckyChapter 37: Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder,and Social Anxiety Disorder

Bradley A. Boucher, PharmD, FCCP, FCCMProfessor of PharmacyDepartment of PharmacyUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterClinical PharmacistRegional Medical Center at MemphisMemphis, TennesseeChapter 10: Hypovolemic Shock

Toya M. Bowles, PharmD, BCPPSenior Medical Science ManagerOrganon USAHallandale Beach, FloridaChapter 32: Alzheimers Disease

Gretchen M. Brophy, PharmD, BCPS, FCCP, FCCMAssociate Professor of Pharmacy and NeurosurgeryClinical SpecialistNeuroscience Intensive Care UnitVirginia Commonwealth UniversityMedical College of Virginia CampusRichmond, VirginiaChapter 28: Status Epilepticus

Kirk J. Brower, MDAssociate Professor of PsychiatryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolExecutive DirectorChelsea Arbor Addiction Treatment CenterAnn Arbor, MichiganChapter 33: Substance-Related Disorders

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Susan P. Bruce, PharmD, BCPSAssociate Professor of Pharmacy PracticeAlbany College of PharmacyClinical PharmacistThe Center for RheumatologyAlbany, New YorkChapter 54: Rheumatoid Arthritis

Dianne Brundage, PharmD, FCCP, BCPS, BCOPOncology Clinical Pharmacy SpecialistMethodist Hospital/Park Nicollet Health ServicesMethodist HospitalMinneapolis, MinnesotaChapter 85: Cancer Chemotherapy and Treatment

Imad F. Btaiche, BS, PharmD, BCNSPClinical Associate Professor of PharmacyDepartment of Clinical SciencesUniversity of Michigan College of PharmacyClinical PharmacistUniversity of Michigan Hospitals and Health CentersAnn Arbor, MichiganChapter 97: Parenteral Nutrition

R. Todd Burkhardt, PharmDResearch FellowCardiovascular PharmacotherapyExperimental and Clinical Pharmacology DepartmentUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MinnesotaChapter 2: Hypertension

Jill S. Burkiewicz, PharmD, BCPSAssociate Professor and DirectorPrimary Care Residency ProgramMidwestern University Chicago College of PharmacyClinical PharmacistMercy Family Health CenterChicagoChicago, IllinoisChapter 57: Musculoskeletal Disorders

Karim Anton Calis, PharmD, MPH, BCPS, BCNSP, FASHP, FCCPClinical ProfessorUniversity of MarylandShenandoah University, and Medical College of VirginiaVirginia Commonwealth UniversityClinical SpecialistEndocrinology and Womens HealthDirectorDrug Information ServiceMark O. Hatfield Clinical Research CenterNational Institutes of HealthBethesda, MarylandChapter 42: Adrenal Gland DisordersChapter 43: Pituitary Gland Disorders

Diane M. Cappelletty, PharmDAssociate Professor of Pharmacy PracticeThe University of Toledo College of PharmacyAdjunct Assistant ProfessorDepartment of MedicineMedical University of OhioToledo, OhioChapter 68: Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Marshall E. Cates, PharmD, BCPP, FASHPAssociate Professor of Pharmacy PracticeSamford University McWhorter School of PharmacyClinical PharmacistDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavorial NeurobiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AlabamaChapter 35: Major Depressive Disorder

Larisa H. Cavallari, PharmDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Pharmacy PracticeUniversity of Illinois at Chicago College of PharmacyChicago, IllinoisChapter 4: Ischemic Heart Disease

Juliana Chan, PharmDClinical Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Pharmacy PracticeCollege of PharmacyDepartment of MedicineSections of Digestive Diseases and NutritionSection of HepatologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicago, IllinoisChapter 21: Viral Hepatitis

Judy T. Chen, PharmD, BCPSAssistant Professor of Pharmacy PracticePurdue UniversitySchool of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesPharmacotherapistTippecanoe Community Health ClinicWest Lafayette, IndianaChapter 42: Adrenal Gland DisordersChapter 43: Pituitary Gland Disorders

Marie A. Chisholm-Burns, PharmD, FCCP, FASHPProfessor and HeadDepartment of Pharmacy Practice and ScienceThe University of Arizona College of PharmacyTucson, ArizonaChapter 14: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Kevin W. Cleveland, PharmDClinical Assistant ProfessorIdaho State UniversityPocatello, IdahoChapter 39: Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

x CONTRIBUTORS

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Christopher L. Cook, PharmD, PhDClinical Assistant ProfessorUniversity of Georgia College of PharmacyAthens, GeorgiaChapter 40: Diabetes Mellitus

Amanda H. Corbett, PharmD, BCPSClinical Assistant ProfessorSchool of PharmacyUniversity of North CarolinaClinical PharmacistUniversity of North Carolina Health CareInfectious Disease ClinicChapel Hill, North CarolinaChapter 84: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Brian L. Crabtree, PharmD, BCPPAssociate Professor of Pharmacy PracticeClinical Associate Professor of Psychiatry,University of Mississippi School of PharmacyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterSchool of MedicinePsychopharmacologistMississippi State HospitalWhitfield, MississippiChapter 36: Bipolar Disorder

Nicole S. Culhane, PharmD, BCPSAssociate ProfessorPharmacy PracticeWilkes UniversityNesbitt College of Pharmacy and NursingClinical Pharmacist FacultyWyoming Valley Family Practice ResidencyWilkes-Barre, PennsylvaniaChapter 47: Hormone Replacement Therapy in Menopause

Clarence E. Curry, Jr., PharmDAssociate ProfessorSchool of PharmacyCPNAHSHoward UniversityClinical PharmacistAmbulatory CareHoward University Hospital ClinicsWashington, DCChapter 18: Constipation, Diarrhea, and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Devra K. Dang, PharmDAssistant Clinical ProfessorUniversity of Connecticut School of PharmacyClinical FacultySt. Francis Hospital/UCONN Primary Care Center at Burgdorf Health CenterInstructorDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Connecticut School of MedicineHartford, ConnecticutChapter 42: Adrenal Gland DisordersChapter 43: Pituitary Gland Disorders

Simon de Denus, BPharm, MScAssistant ProfessorFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of Montreal Pharmacy DepartmentFellow in Cardiovascular ResearchMontreal Heart InstituteMontrealQuebec, CanadaChapter 5: Acute Coronary Syndromes

John W. Devlin, PharmD, BCPS, FCCMAssociate ProfessorNortheastern University School of PharmacyClinical PharmacistMedical Intensive Care UnitTufts-New England Medical CenterBoston, MassachusettsChapter 15: Peptic Ulcer Disease

Robert J. DiDomenico, PharmDClinical Associate ProfessorDepartment of Pharmacy PracticeUniversity of IllinoisCardiovascular Clinical PharmacistUniversity of Illinois Medical Center at ChicagoChicago, IllinoisChapter 4: Ischemic Heart Disease

Joseph T. DiPiro, PharmD, FCCPProfessor and Executive DeanSouth Carolina College of PharmacyUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaMedical University of South CarolinaCharleston, South CarolinaChapter 74: Intraabdominal Infections

John M. Dopp, PharmDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison School of MedicineClinical PharmacistUniversity of Wisconsin Sleep Disorders CenterMadison, WisconsinChapter 38: Sleep Disorders

Julie Dumond, PharmDUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillSchool of PharmacyChapel Hill, North CarolinaChapter 84: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Megan J. Ehret, PharmDClinical Psychopharmacology and Pharmacogenomics FellowNova Southeastern UniversityFort Lauderdale, FloridaChapter 32: Alzheimers Disease

CONTRIBUTORS xi

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Benjamin J. Epstein, PharmD, BCPSClinical Assistant ProfessorDepartments of Pharmacy Practice and Internal MedicineColleges of Pharmacy and MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesville, FloridaChapter 55: Osteoarthritis

John Erramouspe, PharmD, MSProfessorIdaho State University College of PharmacyPocatello, IdahoChapter 39: Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Edward Faught, MDProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of Alabama School of MedicineDirectorUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham Epilepsy CenterBirmingham, AlabamaChapter 27: Epilepsy

Martha J. Faulkner, BSN, MSW, MSN, LISW, CNPNurse PractitionerUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerque, New MexicoChapter 36: Bipolar Disorder

Christopher A. Fausel, PharmD, BCOPAdjunct Associate Professor of MedicineIndiana University Cancer CenterClinical PharmacistHematology/Oncology/BMTIndiana University HospitalIndianapolis, IndianaChapter 90: Malignant Lymphomas

Jacqueline Maus Feldman, MDPatrick H. Linton ProfessorUniversity of Alabama School of MedicineDirectorDivision of Public PsychiatryCommunity Psychiatry ProgramBirmingham, AlabamaChapter 35: Major Depressive Disorder

Jack E. Fincham, BS, PhDA.W. Jowdy Professor of Pharmacy CareThe University of Georgia College of PharmacyInterim Department ChairDepartment of Clinical and Administrative PharmacyAthens, GeorgiaChapter 1: Introduction

Jeffrey J. Fong, PharmDCritical Care FellowNortheastern University School of PharmacyTufts-New England Medical CenterBoston, MassachusettsChapter 15: Peptic Ulcer Disease

Steven Gabardi, PharmD, BCPSAssistant Clinical ProfessorNortheastern UniversityBouv College of Health SciencesRenal Transplant Clinical SpecialistBrigham and Womens HospitalBoston, MassachusettsChapter 52: Solid Organ Transplantation

Angie L. Goeser, PharmDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Pharmacy PracticeCreighton University School of Pharmacy and Health ProfessionsOmaha, NebraskaChapter 62: Common Skin Disorders

S. Diane Goodwin, PharmD, FCCPClinical Pharmacist Tex HealthcareRaleigh, North CarolinaChapter 67: Central Nervous System Infections

A. Christie Graham, PharmDClinical Assistant ProfessorUniversity of Wyoming School of PharmacyCasper, WyomingChapter 70: Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Maqual R. Graham, PharmDAssociate Professor of Pharmacy PracticeUniversity of MissouriKansas CityClinical Pharmacy SpecialistVeterans Affairs Medical CenterKansas CityKansas City, MissouriChapter 99: Overweight and Obesity

Kendra J. Grande, RPhConsultant PharmacistAbelian ConsultingStevensville, MarylandChapter 60: Minor Ophthalmic Disorders

Brian A. Greenlee, MDAssistant Professor of PsychiatryNeuropsychiatry Clinic DirectorUniversity of KentuckyLexington, KentuckyChapter 37: Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, and SocialAnxiety Disorder

David R. P. Guay, PharmDProfessorDepartment of Experimental and Clinical PharmacologyCollege of PharmacyUniversity of MinnesotaConsultantDivision of GeriatricsHealthPartners Inc.Minneapolis, MinnesotaChapter 50: Urinary Incontinence and Pediatric Enuresis

xii CONTRIBUTORS

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John G. Gums, PharmDProfessor of Pharmacy and MedicineDepartments of Pharmacy Practice and Community Health and Family MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesville, FloridaChapter 55: Osteoarthritis

Sally K. Guthrie, PharmDAssociate Professor of PharmacyCollege of Pharmacy and Department of PsychiatryThe University of MichiganThe University of Michigan HospitalsAnn Arbor, MichiganChapter 33: Substance-Related Disorders

Tracy M. Hagemann, PharmDAssociate Professor of Pharmacy PracticeUniversity of Oklahoma College of PharmacyClinical Pediatric SpecialistOklahoma City, OklahomaChapter 65: Sickle Cell Disease

Kristine Hahn, PharmDPostdoctural FellowUniversity of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer CenterMadison, WisconsinChapter 86: Breast Cancer

Stuart T. Haines, PharmD, FCCP, FASHPProfessor and Vice ChairPharmacotherapy SpecialistUniversity of Maryland School of Pharmacy Practice and ScienceUniversity of Maryland Medical Center-Antithrombosis ServicesBaltimore, MarylandChapter 7: Venous Thromboembolism

Karen L. Hall, MDAssociate Professor and Residency Program DirectorDepartment of Community Health and Family MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesville, FloridaChapter 55: Osteoarthritis

Alma Hamidovic, PharmDPostdoctoral Oncology FellowUniversity of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer CenterMadison, WisconsinChapter 64: Coagulation Disorders

Charles Hartis, PharmDAntibiotic Management/Clinical Improvement PharmacistForsyth Medical CenterWinston-Salem, North CarolinaChapter 67: Central Nervous System Infections

Kathleen B. Haynes, PharmD, BCPSAdjunct Assistant ProfessorButler UniversityDisease Management PharmacistVEI/Community Health NetworkCarmel, IndianaChapter 45: Contraception

Nancy Heideman, PharmD, BCPSAssistant Professor of Pharmacy PracticeUniversity of New Mexico College of PharmacyUniversity of New Mexico Childrens HospitalAlbuquerque, New MexicoChapter 92: Acute Leukemias

Brian A. Hemstreet, PharmD, BCPSAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Colorado School of PharmacyDenver, ColoradoChapter 16: Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Elizabeth D. Hermsen, PharmD, MBAAntimicrobial SpecialistThe Nebraska Medical CenterAdjunct Assistant ProfessorUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center College of PharmacyOmaha, NebraskaChapter 73: Gastrointestinal Infections

Catherine A. Heyneman, MS, PharmDAssociate Professor of Pharmacy PracticeIdaho State University College of PharmacyDirector of Idaho Drug Information ServicePocatello, IdahoChapter 48: Erectile Dysfunction

Kristi N. Hofer, PharmDScientific Project ManagerASHP AdvantageCharlottesville, VirginiaChapter 59: Allergic Rhinitis

James M. Hoffman, PharmD, MSMedication Outcomes CoordinatorPharmaceutical DepartmentSt. Jude Childrens Research HospitalMemphis, TennesseeChapter 63: Anemias

Marlon Honeywell, PharmDAssociate Professor of Pharmacy PracticeFlorida A&M UniversityClinical PharmacistBond Community Health CenterTallahassee, FloridaChapter 77: Sexually Transmitted Infections

CONTRIBUTORS xiii

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Thomas R. Howdieshell, MD, FACS, FCCPAssociate Professor of SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of New Mexico Health Science CenterDivision of Trauma/Surgical Critical CareAlbuquerque, New MexicoChapter 74: Intraabdominal Infections

Matthew K. Ito, PharmD, FCCP, BCPSChair, Department of Pharmacy PracticeProfessor of Pharmacy PracticeCollege of PharmacyOregon State UniversityPortland, OregonChapter 9: Hyperlipidemia

Ziba Jalali, MDUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NebraskaChapter 73: Gastrointestinal Infections

Tommy Johnson, PharmD, CDEClinical Associate ProfessorUniversity of Georgia College of PharmacyAthens Primary CareMercy Health CenterAthens, GeorgiaChapter 40 : Diabetes Mellitus

Mikael D. Jones, PharmDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Kentucky College of PharmacyLexington, KentuckyChapter 58: Glaucoma

Maher Karam-Hage, MDAssistant Professor of PsychiatryUniversity of MichiganMedical DirectorChelsea Arbor Addiction Treatment CenterAnn Arbor, MichiganChapter 33: Substance-Related Disorders

Angela D. M. Kashuba, BScPharm, PharmD, DABCPAssociate ProfessorSchool of PharmacyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, North CarolinaChapter 84: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Michael D. Katz, PharmDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Arizona College of PharmacyDepartment of Pharmacy Practice and ScienceTucson, ArizonaChapter 41: Thyroid Disorders

Deanna L. Kelly, PharmD, BCPPAssociate ProfessorUniversity of MarylandMaryland Psychiatric Research CenterBaltimore, MarylandChapter 34: Schizophrenia

Joseph J. Kishel, Jr., PharmD, BCPSAdjunct Instructor of PharmacologyPenn State College of MedicineClinical Pharmacy SpecialistInfectious DiseasesM.S. Hershey Medical CenterHershey, PennsylvaniaChapter 20: Pancreatitis

Julie M. Koehler, PharmDAssociate Professor and Chair of Pharmacy PracticeButler University College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesClinical PharmacistFamily MedicineClarian Health Partner and the Indiana University-MethodistFamily Residency ProgramIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IndianaChapter 45: Contraception

Jill M. Kolesar, PharmD, BCPS, FCCPAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Wisconsin School of PharmacyFaculty SupervisorAnalytical Instrumentation LaboratoryMadison, WisconsinChapter 89: Prostate Cancer

Michael D. Kraft, PharmDClinial Assistant ProfessorUniversity of Michigan College of PharmacyClincial Pharmacist-Surgery/Surgical ICU/Nutrition SupportUniversity of Michigan Health SystemAnn Arbor, MichiganChapter 97: Parenteral Nutrition

Rebecca M. T. Law, BScPharm, PharmDAssociate ProfessorSchool of PharmacyMemorial University of NewfoundlandNewfoundland, CanadaChapter 61: Psoriasis

Cara Lawless-Liday, PharmDAssociate ProfessorIdaho State UniversityIntermountain Medical ClinicPocatello, IdahoChapter 48: Erectile Dysfunction

xiv CONTRIBUTORS

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W. Greg Leader, PharmDAssociate DeanAcademic AffairsUniversity of Louisiana MonroeCollege of PharmacyMonroe, LouisianaChapter 11: Asthma

Mary Lee, PharmD, BCPS, FCCPDean and ProfessorMidwestern University Chicago College of PharmacyChicago, IllinoisChapter 49: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Gary M. Levin, PharmD, BCPP, FCCPProfessor and ChairmanDepartment of Pharmacy PracticeNova Southeastern UniversityCollege of PharmacyFort Lauderdale, FloridaChapter 32: Alzheimers Disease

Russell E. Lewis, PharmDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Houston College of PharmacyClinical Pharmacy SpecialistInfectious DiseasesDepartment of Infectious DiseasesThe University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TexasChapter 81: Invasive Fungal Infections

Teresa V. Lewis, PharmDPediatric Pharmacotherapy FellowUniversity of Oklahoma College of PharmacyOU Medical CenterOklahoma City, OklahomaChapter 65: Sickle Cell Disease

Edward C. Li, PharmDAssistant ProfessorWilkes UniversityNesbitt College of Pharmacy and NursingWilkes-Barre, PennsylvaniaChapter 63: Anemias

Cameron C. Lindsey, PharmD, BC-ADMAssociate Professor of Pharmacy PracticeUniversity of MissouriKansas City School of PharmacyClinical Pharmacy SpecialistVeterans Affairs Medical CenterKansas CityKansas City, MissouriChapter 99: Overweight and Obesity

Karl Madaras-Kelly, PharmDAssociate ProfessorCollege of PharmacyIdaho State UniversityBoise, IdahoChapter 66: Antimicrobial Regimen Selection

Mark A. Malesker, PharmDAssociate Professor of Pharmacy Practice and MedicineClinical Pharmacy SpecialistCreighton University Medical CenterOmaha, NebraskaChapter 24: Fluids and ElectrolytesChapter 25: Acid-Base Disturbances

J. Russell May, PharmD, FASHPClinical ProfessorUniversity of Georgia College of PharmacyClinical PharmacistMedical College of Georgia Health SystemAugusta, GeorgiaChapter 51: Allergic and Pseudoallergic Drug Reactions

Michelle W. McCarthy, PharmDDrug Information SpecialistUniversity of Virginia Health SystemCharlottesville, VirginiaChapter 59: Allergic Rhinitis

Jeannine S. McCune, PharmDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of WashingtonAffiliate InvestigatorFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattle, WashingtonChapter 95: Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

Timothy R. McGuire, BS, PharmD, FCCPAssociate ProfessorPharmacy PracticeUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterCollege of PharmacyOmaha, NebraskaChapter 93: Chronic Leukemias and Multiple Myeloma

Patrick J. Medina, PharmD, BCOPAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Oklahoma College of PharmacyOklahoma City, OklahomaChapter 88: Colorectal Cancer

Laura Boehnke Michaud, PharmDClinical Pharmacy SpecialistThe University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TexasChapter 86: Breast Cancer

Sarah J. Miller, PharmD, BCNSPUniversity of Montana Skaggs School of PharmacyPharmacy Clinical CoordinatorSaint Patrick HospitalMissoula, MontanaChapter 98: Enteral Nutrition

CONTRIBUTORS xv

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Beverly Mims, PharmDAssociate Professor of Pharmacy PracticeHoward University School of PharmacyClinical PharmacistHoward University HospitalWashington, DCChapter 18: Constipation, Diarrhea, and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Abby Morris, MDFamily Medicine ResidentThomas Jefferson University HospitalPhiladelphia, PennsylvaniaChapter 46: Menstruation-Related Disorders

Lee E. Morrow, MD, MSAssistant Professor of MedicineCreighton University Medical CenterOmaha, NebraskaChapter 24: Fluids and ElectrolytesChapter 25: Acid-Base Disturbances

Rocsanna Namdar, PharmDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of New MexicoCollege of PharmacyAlbuquerque, New MexicoChapter 72: Tuberculosis

Melinda Margaret Neuhauser, PharmDClinical Pharmacy SpecialistInfectious DiseasesU.S. Department of Veterans AffairsPharmacy Benefits Management Strategic Health GroupHines, IllinoisChapter 78: Osteomyelitis

Tien M. H. Ng, BSPharm, PharmD, BCPSAssistant Professor of Clinical Pharmacy and PharmaceuticalEconomics and PolicyDepartment of PharmacyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CaliforniaChapter 3: Heart Failure

Kimberly J. Novak, PharmDAdjunct Clinical Assistant ProfessorThe Ohio State University College of PharmacyClinical Pharmacy Specialist/Pediatric Pulmonary MedicineChildrens HospitalColumbus, OhioAdjunct Assistant ProfessorWest Virginia University School of PharmacyMorgantown, West VirginiaChapter 13: Cystic Fibrosis

Edith A. Nutescu, PharmDClinical Associate ProfessorDepartment of Pharmacy PracticeDirectorAntithrombosis CenterUniversity of Illinois at Chicago College of PharmacyChicago, IllinoisChapter 7: Venous Thromboembolism

Catherine M. Oliphant, PharmDAssociate Professor of Pharmacy PracticeIdaho State University College of PharmacyClinical PharmacistSt. Lukes Internal MedicineBoise, IdahoChapter 66: Antimicrobial Regimen Selection

Ali J. Olyaei, PharmD, BCPSAssociate Professor of MedicineDirectorClinical ResearchNephrology and HypertensionOregon Health and Sciences UniversityClinical PharamcotherapistUniversity HospitalPortland, OregonChapter 52: Solid Organ Transplantation

Christine K. ONeil, PharmD, BCPS, CGP, FCCPAssociate ProfessorDuquesne UniversityMylan School of PharmacyDirectorCenter for Pharmacy CarePittsburgh, PennsylvaniaChapter 30: Pain Management

David Parra, PharmD, BCPSClinical Pharmacy Specialist in CardiologyDepartment of CardiologyVeterans Affairs Medical CenterClinical Assistant ProfessorExperimental and Clinical Pharmacology DepartmentUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MinnesotaChapter 2: Hypertension

Angela Ann Passero, PharmDAssistant Clinical ProfessorAuburn UniversityHarrison School of PharmacyClinical PharmacistDepartment of Psychiatry and NeurobiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AlabamaChapter 35: Major Depressive Disorder

xvi CONTRIBUTORS

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Charles A. Peloquin, PharmDAdjoint Professor of Pharmacy and MedicineUniversity of ColoradoDirectorInfectious Disease Pharmcokinetics LaboratoryNational Jewish Medical and Research CenterDenver, ColoradoChapter 72: Tuberculosis

Susan L. Pendland, MS, PharmDAdjunct Associate Professor of Pharmacy PracticeUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicago, IllinoisChapter 78: OsteomyelitisTrinh Pham, PharmD, BCOPAssistant Clinical ProfessorUniversity of Connecticut School of PharmacyAssistant Clinical ProfessorYale New Haven HospitalNew Haven, ConnecticutChapter 94: Skin Cancer

Beth Bryles Phillips, PharmD, BCPSAssistant Professor (Clinical)University of Iowa College of PharmacyClinical Pharmacy SpecialistAmbulatory CareUniversity of Iowa Hospitals and ClinicsIowa City, IowaChapter 53: Osteoporosis

Bradley G. Phillips, PharmDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of IowaCollege of PharmacyIowa City, IowaChapter 38: Sleep Disorders

Amy Marie Pick, PharmDAssistant Professor of Pharmacy PracticeCreighton UniversityOncology Clinical PharmacistNebraska Methodist HospitalOmaha, NebraskaChapter 93: Chronic Leukemias and Multiple Myeloma

Brian A. Potoski, PharmDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Pittsburgh School of PharmacyClinical SpecialistAntibiotic Management ProgramUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPresbyterian University HospitalPittsburgh, PennsylvaniaChapter 76: Urinary Tract Infection

Frank Pucino, Jr., PharmD, BCPS, FASHP, FDPGECAmbulatory Care Clinical Pharmacy Team LeaderNational Institutes of Health Clinical CenterBethesda, MarylandChapter 42: Adrenal Gland DisordersChapter 43: Pituitary Gland Disorders

Phillip David Rogers, PharmD, PhD, FCCPAssociate Professor of PharmacyAssistant Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences and PediatricsMemberChildrens Foundation Research Center of MemphisUniversity of Tennessee College of PharmacyMemphis, TennesseeChapter 81: Invasive Fungal InfectionsBrendan S. Ross, MDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Mississippi School of PharmacyStaff PhysicianG. V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical CenterJackson, MississippiChapter 31: Headache

Leigh Ann Ross, PharmD, BCPS, CDEAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Mississippi School of PharmacyDirectorPharmaceutical Care ServicesUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJackson, MississippiChapter 31: Headache

John C. Rotschafer, PharmD, FCCPProfessorDepartment of Experimental and Clinical PharmacologyCollege of PharmacyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MinnesotaChapter 82: Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Surgery

Laurajo Ryan, PharmD, BCPS, CDEClinical Assistant ProfessorUniversity of Texas at AustinUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan Antonio, TexasChapter 19: Portal Hypertension and Cirrhosis

Melody Ryan, PharmDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Kentucky College of PharmacyClinical Specialist in NeurologyVeterans Affairs Medical CenterLexington, KentuckyChapter 26: Multiple Sclerosis

CONTRIBUTORS xvii

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Jeremy A. Schafer, PharmDInfectious Diseases Research FellowUniversity of Minnesota College of PharmacyMinneapolis, MinnesotaChapter 82: Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Surgery

Lauren S. Schlesselman, PharmDAssistant Clinical ProfessorUniversity of Connecticut School of PharmacyDepartment of Pharmacy PracticeStorrs, ConnecticutChapter 80: Superficial Fungal Infections

Kristine S. Schonder, PharmDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Pittsburgh School of PharmacyClinical SpecialistThomas E. Starzl Transplantation InstitutePittsburgh, PennsylvaniaChapter 23: Chronic and End-Stage Renal Disease

Roohollah Sharifi, MD, FACSProfessor of UrologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoCollege of MedicineSection Chief of UrologyWestside Veterans Administration HospitalChicago, IllinoisChapter 49: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Judith A. Smith, PharmD, BCOPAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TexasChapter 91: Ovarian Cancer

Philip H. Smith, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineAllergy and ImmunologyMedical College of GeorgiaAssistant ProfessorMedical College of GeorgiaChildrens Medical CenterAugusta, GeorgiaChapter 51: Allergic and Pseudoallergic Drug Reactions

Melissa A. Somma, PharmD, CDEAssistant Professor of Pharmacy and Family MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh Schools of Pharmacy and MedicineDirectorUniversity of Pittsburgh/Rite Aid Patient Care InitiativeRite Aid CorporationPittsburgh, PennsylvaniaChapter 47: Hormone Replacement Therapy in Menopause

Sarah A. Spinler, PharmD, FCCPProfessor of Clinical PharmacyResidency and Fellowship Program CoordinatorPhiladelphia College of PharmacyUniversity of the Sciences in PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia, PennsylvaniaChapter 5: Acute Coronary Syndromes

Mary K. Stamatakis, BS, PharmDAssistant Dean and Associate ProfessorWest Virginia University School of PharmacyMorgantown, West VirginiaChapter 22: Acute Renal Failure

Brad L. Stanford, PharmD, BCOPOncology Regional Medical LiaisonAmgen Medical AffairsWolfforth, TexasChapter 96: Oncologic Emergencies

Robert J. Straka, PharmD, FCCPAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Experimental and Clinical PharmacologyCollege of PharmacyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MinnesotaChapter 2: Hypertension

Deborah Sturpe, PharmD, BCPSAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Maryland School of PharmacyBaltimore, MarylandChapter 44: Pregnancy and Lactation: Therapeutic Considerations

S. Scott Sutton, PharmD, BCPS Associate Clinical ProfessorUniversity of South CarolinaSouth Carolina College of PharmacyClinical PharmacistDorn Veterans Affairs Medical CenterColumbia, South CarolinaChapter 79: Sepsis and Septic Shock

Eljim P. Tesoro, PharmDClinical Assistant ProfessorUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoPharmacotherapistDepartment of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IllinoisChapter 28: Status Epilepticus

Michael D. Thompson, PharmD, BCNSPAssistant Dean for Clinical Affairs and Professor of Pharmacy PracticeFlorida A&M UniversityTallahassee, FloridaChapter 77: Sexually Transmitted Infections

xviii CONTRIBUTORS

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James E. Tisdale, PharmDProfessorSchool of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesPurdue UniversityAdjunct ProfessorSchool of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolis, IndianaChapter 6: Arrhythmias

Elena M. Umland, BS, PharmDBarbara H. Korberly Professor in Womens Leadership and HealthAssociate Professor of Clinical PharmacyUniversity of the Sciences in PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia College of PharmacyAdjunct Clinical Assistant Professor of Family MedicineDepartment of Family MedicineThomas Jefferson University HospitalPhiladelphia, PennsylvaniaChapter 46: Menstruation-Related Disorders

Heather L. VandenBussche, PharmDAssociate Professor of Pharmacy PracticeFerris State University College of PharmacyKalamazoo, MichiganChapter 69: Upper Respiratory Tract Infections

Orly Vardeny, PharmDAssistant ProfessorPharmacy Practice DivisionUniversity of WisconsinMadisonSchool of PharmacyMadison, WisconsinChapter 3: Heart Failure

Nicole D. Verkleeren, PharmDAdjunct Clinical ProfessorWest Virginia University School of PharmacyPharmacy Practice ResidentWest Virginia University HospitalsMorgantown, West VirginiaClinical PharmacistThe Western Pennsylvania HospitalForbes Regional CampusMonroeville, PennsylvaniaChapter 12: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

William E. Wade, PharmDProfessorCollege of PharmacyUniversity of GeorgiaClinical PharmacistSaint Marys Health Care SystemsAthens, GeorgiaChapter 40: Diabetes Mellitus

Mary Louise Wagner, MS, PharmDAssociate ProfessorErnest Mario School of PharmacyRutgersState University of New JerseyPiscataway, New JerseyChapter 29: Parkinsons Disease

Geoffrey C. Wall, PharmD, BCPSAssociate Professor of Pharmacy PracticeDrake UniversityCollege of Pharmacy and Health SciencesInternal Medicine Clinical PharmacistIowa Methodist Medical CenterDes Moines, IowaChapter 56: Gout and Hyperuricemia

Elaine Weiner, MDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Maryland Medical SchoolMedical DirectorMaryland Psychiatric Research CenterOutpatient Research ProgramCatonsville, MarylandChapter 34: Schizophrenia

Lara Carson Weinstein, MDInstructorDepartment of Family and Community MedicineJefferson Medical CollegeThomas Jefferson UniversityJefferson Family MedicinePhiladelphia, PennsylvaniaChapter 46: Menstruation-Related Disorders

Timothy E. Welty, PSPharm, MA, PharmDProfessorMcWhorter School of PharmacySamford UniversityAdjunct Associate Research ProfessorDepartment of NeurologyUniversity of Alabama BirminghamBirmingham, AlabamaChapter 27: Epilepsy

Randy Wesnitzer, BS Pharm, PharmDClinical CoordinatorWyoming Medical CenterCasper, WyomingChapter 70: Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Tara Whetsel, PharmDClinical Assistant ProfessorWest Virginia University School of PharmacyMorgantown, West VirginiaChapter 12: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

CONTRIBUTORS xix

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Sheila Wilhelm, PharmDAssistant ProfessorWayne State UniversityClinical Pharmacy SpecialistInternal MedicineHarper University HospitalDetroit, MichiganChapter 17: Nausea and Vomiting

Dianne B. Williams, PharmD, BCPSClinical Assistant ProfessorUniversity of Georgia College of PharmacyDrug Information and Formulary CoordinatorMCG Health, Inc.Augusta, GeorgiaChapter 14: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Susan R. Winkler, PharmD, BCPSClinical Associate ProfessorPharmacy PracticeAssistant DirectorAmbulatory Clinical ServicesDepartment of Pharmacy PracticeUniversity of Illinois at Chicago College of PharmacyChicago, IllinoisChapter 8: Stroke

G. Christopher Wood, PharmDAssociate Professor of PharmacyUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterClinical PharmacistRegional Medical Center at MemphisMemphis, TennesseeChapter 10: Hypovolemic Shock

Rosa F. Yeh, PharmDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Houston College of PharmacyHouston, TexasChapter 84: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

xx CONTRIBUTORS

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REVIEWERS

Beth Alexander, PharmD, BCPSAssociate Professor of Physician Assistant StudiesAugsburg CollegeMinneapolis, Minnesota

Rita Alloway, PharmD, BCPSResearch ProfessorUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnati, Ohio

Buge Apampa, PhD, BPharm, MRPharmSClinical LecturerPharmacy PracticeUniversities of Kent and Greenwich at MedwayChatham MaritimeKent, United Kingdom

Laurel Ashworth, PharmDProfessor Clinical and Administrative Sciences & DirectorDrug Information CenterMercer University School of Pharmacy and Allied Health SciencesAtlanta, Georgia

Sara Augustin, PharmD, BCPPClinical PharmacistDekalb Regional Crisis CenterDecatur, Georgia

Ebrahim A. Balbisi, PharmDAssistant Clinical ProfessorSt. Johns University College of Pharmacy & Allied Health ProfessionsJamaica, New York

Phyllis Barks, PA, MPHAssistant Professor & Technology Development CoordinatorOregon Health & Science University School of MedicineDivision of Physician Assistant EducationPortland, Oregon

Bonnie Bata-Jones, MS, RN, FNPInstructorUniversity of MinnesotaExcelsior, Minnesota

Kathryn R. Bauer, MA, MS, APRN InstructorUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan Antonio, Texas

Kathleen L. Becker, MS, CRNPAssistant Professor and CoordinatorAdult Nurse Practitioner ProgramThe Johns Hopkins University School of NursingAdult Nurse Practitioner

Health Care for the HomelessBaltimore, Maryland

Judith L. Beizer, PharmD, CGP, FASCPClinical ProfessorSt. Johns University College of Pharmacy & Allied Health ProfessionsJamaica, New York

Renee Bellanger, PharmD, BSPharmAssistant ProfessorPharmacy PracticeThe University of the Incarnate WordSan Antonio, Texas

Mary Mescher Benbenek, MS, RN, CFNP, CPNPTeaching SpecialistUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolis, Minnesota

Marialice Bennett, RPh, FAPhAProfessor of Clinical PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbus, Ohio

Heather K.T. Bidinger, MMS, PA-CClinical Coordinator and Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Physician Assistant EducationAugsburg CollegeMinneapolis, Minnesota

Sarah Bland, RPhClinical InstructorUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin

Patricia J. Blumi, MSN, ARNPAdvanced Registered Nurse PractitionerRadiation TherapyVia-Christi Cancer CenterWichita, Kansas

xxi

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John A. Bosso, PharmD, FCCP, BCPSProfessor and ChairSouth Carolina College of PharmacyClinical Specialist in Infectious DiseasesMedical University of South Carolina HospitalCharleston, South Carolina

Margaret Bowers, MSN, APRN, BCAssistant Clinical ProfessorDuke University School of NursingDurham, North Carolina

Cleopatra Branch, BSc, PharmD, MRPharmSTeacher & PractitionerMedway School of PharmacyUniversities of Kent and Greenwich at MedwayChatham MaritimeKent, United Kingdom

Joyce Brewer, PhD, CNM, CFNPAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJackson, Mississippi

David M. Brissette, MMSc, PA-CAssistant ProfessorYale University School of Medicine Physician Associate ProgramPhysician AssistantInternal MedicineYale New Haven HospitalNew Haven, Connecticut

Cori M. Brock, PharmDClinical Assistant Professor of Pharmacy PracticeXavier University College of PharmacyNew Orleans, Louisiana

Denise Buonocore, MSN, APRN, CCRNAcute Care Nurse PractitionerBridgeport Hospital, BridgeportConnecticut, and Yale University School of NursingNew Haven, Connecticut

Reamer L. Bushardt, PharmD, PA-CProgram Director and Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Clinical ServicesCollege of Health ProfessionsMedical University of South CarolinaCharleston, South Carolina

Wesley G. Byerly, PharmDExecutive Director for Research Regulatory Affairs and Adjunct Assistant ProfessorWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston-Salem, North Carolina

Cynthia Carnes, PharmD, PhDAssociate Professor of Pharmacy and BiophysicsThe Ohio State UniversityColumbus, Ohio

Barry L. Carter, PharmDProfessorColleges of Pharmacy and MedicineThe University of IowaIowa City, Iowa

Nina Cheigh, PharmDClinical Associate ProfessorUniversity of Illinois and University of Florida Colleges of PharmacyRye, New York

Deborah Chyun, PhD, RN, FAHAAssociate Professor and DirectorAdult Advanced Practice NursingYale University School of NursingNew Haven, Connecticut

Lorraine Cicero, MS, PharmDAssociate ProfessorPharmacy PracticeLong Island University College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesBrooklyn, New York

Donald Coerver, PhD, PA-CActing InstructorMEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant StudiesSpokane, Washington

Carmita A. Coleman, PharmDAssistant Dean for Student Affairs and Associate Professorof Pharmacy PracticeFeik School of PharmacyUniversity of the Incarnate WordSan Antonio, Texas

Lynn Convery, RN, MS, CNPGerontological Nurse PractitionerHealthPartners Partnering Care Senior ServicesMinneapolis, Minnesota

Keely L. Cook, MPAS, PA-CAssistant ProfessorDoisy College of Health SciencesSaint Louis UniversitySt. Louis, Missouri

Sarah Corlett, PhD, MRPharmSUniversity of GreenwichMedway School of PharmacyChatham MaritimeKent, United Kingdom

xxii REVIEWERS

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Joseph E. Crea, DO, MHAAssistant ProfessorThe University of Findlay School of PharmacyPowell, Ohio

Patricia Cunningham, DNSc, APRN, BCAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterCollege of NursingMemphis, Tennessee

Petra Czarniak, BPharm, MPSLecturer in PharmaceuticsDivision of Health SciencesMurcoch University School of PharmacyMurdochWestern Australia, Australia

Bonnie A. Dadig, EdD, PA-CChair, Physician Assistant DepartmentMedical College of GeorgiaDirectorPhysician Assistant ProgramMedical College of Georgia Hospitals and ClinicsAugusta, Georgia

Larry Danziger, PharmDProfessor of Pharmacy PracticeUniversity of Illinois at Chicago College of PharmacyChicago, Illinois

Lawrence Davidow, PhD, RPhClinical Assistant ProfessorUniversity of Kansas School of PharmacyLawrence, Kansas

Jillian H. Davis, PhDAssistant ProfessorHampton University School of PharmacyHampton, Virginia

Michelle Devereaux, MA, RN, CNPPartnering Care Senior ServicesBloomington, Minnesota

Thomas C. Dowling, PharmD, PhDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of MarylandBaltimore, Maryland

Allan Ellsworth, PharmD, PA-CProfessor of Pharmacy and Family MedicineUniversity of Washington Schools of Pharmacy and MedicineSeattle, Washington

Katherine Erdman, MPAS, PA-CAssistant DirectorPhysician Assistant ProgramBaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas

Jingyang Fan, PharmD, BCPSAssistant Professor of Pharmacy PracticeUniversity of Southern Nevada College of PharmacyHenderson, Nevada

Carl E. Fasser, PAAssociate Professor of Family & Community Medicine and Physician AssistantBaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas

Maisha Kelly Freeman, PharmD, BCPSAssistant Professor and Drug Information SpecialistSamford University McWhorter School of PharmacyBirmingham, Alabama

Mark Garrison, PharmDAssociate Professor of Pharmacotherapy & Assistant Dean of Student ServicesWashington State University-SpokaneSpokane, Washington

Margit B. Gerardi, MS, MSA, MSN, RN-WHNPClnical InstructorUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan Antonio, Texas

Stuart Gill-Banham, MRPharmS, MCMHPTeacher PractitionerUniversities of Kent and Greenwich at MedwayMedway School of PharmacyChatham MaritimeKent, United Kingdom

Sveinbjrn Gizurarson, PhDProfessor of PharmaceuticsBiopharmaceutics and Clinical TherapeuticsUniversity of IcelandReykjavk, Iceland

Nancy Goldstein, MSN, CRNP, RNCInstructorThe Johns Hopkins University School of NursingBaltimore, Maryland

Justine Schuller Gortney, PharmD, BCPSClinical Assistant ProfessorMercer UniversityAtlanta, Georgia

Erich J. Grant, MMS, PA-CInstructorPhysician Assistant ProgramWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston-Salem, North Carolina

Hillary Wall Grillo, PharmDAdjunct Assistant ProfessorShenandoah University School of PharmacyWinchester, Virginia

REVIEWERS xxiii

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Sara Haddow, MSA, PA-CInstructorPhysician Assistant DepartmentMedical College of GeorgiaAugusta, Georgia

Robert Hadley, PhD, PA-CAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Kentucky Physician Assistant ProgramLexington, Kentucky

David Hawkins, PharmDSenior Associate DeanProfessor of Pharmacy PracticeSouth University School of PharmacySavannah, Georgia

Mary S. Hayney, PharmD, BCPS, FCCPAssociate Professor of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin School of PharmacyMadison, Wisconsin

Mark A. Heisler, PharmD, BCPSAdjunct FacultyGrand Canyon University College of NursingPhoenix, ArizonaAdjunct FacultyArizona State University College of NursingTempe, ArizonaClinical PharmacistBanner Desert Medical CenterMesa, Arizona

Pamela Helms, RN, MN, FNP-CAssistant Professor & Clinical DirectorUNACARE Health CenterUniversity of Mississippi School of NursingRidgeland, Mississippi

Elizabeth Hermsen, PharmD, MBAAntimicrobial SpecialistThe Nebraska Medical CenterAdjunct Assistant ProfessorUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center College of PharmacyOmaha, Nebraska

Michael K. Jensen, BSPharm, MSClinical Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Pharmacy ServicesJohn A. Moran Eye CenterUniversity of UtahSalt Lake City, Utah

Jill T. Johnson, PharmD, BCPSAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of PharmacyLittle Rock, Arkansas

June Felice Johnson, PharmD, BCPS, FASHP, CDM-diabetesAssociate Professor of Pharmacy Practice & Director of Faculty & Site DevelopmentDrake University College of Pharmacy & Health SciencesDes Moines, Iowa

Nikki L. Katalanos, PhD, PA-CAssistant Professor and Physician AssistantPhysician Assistant ProgramDepartment of Family & Community MedicineThe University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerque, New Mexico

Nancy Kawahara, PharmD, MSEdAssociate Professor and ChairDepartment of Pharmacy PracticeLoma Linda University School of PharmacyLoma Linda, California

Michael Kelsch, PharmD, BCPSAssistant ProfessorNorth Dakota State University College of PharmacyFargo, North Dakota

Lynn G. Kirkland, DNSc, WHNP, CNMAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterWomens Health Nurse Practitioner/Certified Nurse MidwifeMemphis Obstetrics and Gynecological Association P.C.Bartlett, Tennessee

Michael E. Klepser, PharmD, FCCPProfessor of PharmacyFerris State University College of Pharmacy and Borgess Medical CenterKalamazoo, Michigan

Carrie Foust Koenigsfeld, PharmDAssociate Professor of Pharmacy PracticeDrake College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesDes Moines, Iowa

Annette C. Larson, MSPASAssistant ProfessorUniversity of North Dakota School of MedicinePhysician AssistantAltru Health Care SystemGrand Forks, North Dakota

Esther Law Shoppers Drug MartNorth YorkOntario, Canada

Rebecca M. Law, BScPhm, PharmDAssociate ProfessorSchool of PharmacyMemorial University of NewfoundlandSt. Johns, Newfoundland, Canada

xxiv REVIEWERS

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Helen Leather, BPharm, Grad Dip Hosp Pharm (Dist) Clinical Pharmacy SpecialistHematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/Leukemia Shandsat the University of FloridaClinical Assistant ProfessorUniversity of Florida College of PharmacyGainesville, Florida

Tom Lenz, PharmD, MAAssistant ProfessorCreighton UniversityOmaha, Nebraska

Sonia Lin, PharmD, BCPSClinical Associate ProfessorUniversity of Rhode IslandKingston, Rhode Island

Michael Mancano, PharmDAssociate ChairDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, and Clinical Associate ProfessorTemple University School of PharmacyPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania

Donald Maner, PharmD, MHSc, PA-CAssistant ProfessorMedical College of GeorgiaPhysician Assistant DepartmentEvans, Georgia

Harold J. Manley, PharmD, FASN, FCCP, BCPSAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Pharmacy PracticeAlbany College of PharmacyAlbany, New York

Henry J. Mann, PharmD, FASHP, FCCM, FCCPProfessorUniversity of Minnesota College of PharmacyDepartment of Experimental and Clinical PharmacologyDirectorCenter for Excellence in Critical CareUniversity of MinnesotaAcademic Health CenterMinneapolis, Minnesota

Karen F. Marlowe, PharmD, BCPSAssociate ProfessorAuburn University Harrison School of PharmacyAdjunct Assistant ProfessorUniversity of South Alabama School of MedicineMobile, Alabama

Phyllis Mason, MS, RN, CRNPInstructorThe Johns Hopkins University School of NursingBaltimore, Maryland

Jeanie McHugo, MS, PA-CAssistant ProfessorUniversity of North Dakota Physician Assistant ProgramGrand Forks, North Dakota

Kimberly Ann Meyer, MPASInfectious Diseases Physician AssistantUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, Nebraska

Candis M. Morello, PharmD, CDE, FCSHPAssistant Professor of Clinical PharmacySkaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa Jolla, California

Carla Moschella, PA-C, MS, RDAssistant Professor and Academic CoordinatorDepartment of Physician Assistant StudiesMassachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesBoston, Massachusetts

Jadwiga Najib, BS, PharmDAssociate Professor of Pharmacy PracticeArnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesLong Island UniversityBrooklyn, New York

Jacquelin S. Neatherlin, RN, PhD, CNRNAssociate ProfessorBaylor UniversityDallas, Texas

Robert Nelson, PharmD, BCPSAssistant ProfessorNorth Dakota State University College of PharmacyNursing, and Allied SciencesClinical Pharmacy ManagerMeritCare Health SystemFargo, North Dakota

Christopher Nemergut, PharmDClinical PharmacistCenter for Drug PolicyUniversity of Wisconsin Hospital and ClinicsMadison, Wisconsin

Ayman Noreddin, PhD, RPhAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Minnesota College of PharmacyDuluth, Minnesota

Deborah A. Opacic, EdD, PA-CAssistant ProfessorRangos School of Health SciencesDuquesne UniversityPittsburgh, Pennsylvania

REVIEWERS xxv

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Victor A. Padron, RPh, PhDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Pharmacy SciencesCreighton UniversityOmaha, Nebraska

Amy Pakyz, PharmD, MSAssistant ProfessorVirginia Commonwealth University Schoolof Pharmacy/Medical College of Virginia CampusRichmond, Virginia

Cynthia Pentz, EdD, PA-CDirectorPhysician Assistant ProgramUniversity of FindlayFindlay, Ohio

Todd Pillen, PA-C/SA, MPASManagerSolid Organ TransplantChildrens Healthcare of Atlanta-Egleston and Emory University HospitalAtlanta, Georgia

Therese I. Poirier, PharmD, MPH, BCPS, FASHP, FCCPProfessor and Associate DeanAcademic AffairsSouthern Illinois University-EdwardsvilleEdwardsville, IIllinois

Jane Pruemer, PharmD, BCOP, FASHPAssociate Professor of Clinical Pharmacy PracticeUniversity of Cincinnati College of PharmacyCincinnati, Ohio

Edward W. Randell, PhD, DCC, FCACBChiefDivision of Biochemical Pathology Health Sciences CentreAssociate ProfessorLaboratory MedicineFaculty of MedicineMemorial UniversitySt. Johns, Newfoundland and LabradorSt. Johns, Newfoundland, Canada

Mette Rasmussen, PhDProfessorFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark

Michael D. Reed, PharmD, FCCP, FCPDirectorPediatric Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Rainbow Babies and Childrens Hospital and Professor of PediatricsSchool of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, Ohio

Kathleen Reeve, DrPH, AOCN, ANPAssociate Professor of Clinical NursingThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHouston, Texas

Suzanne Reich, PA-C, MPASAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Physician Assistant StudiesWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston-Salem, North Carolina

Warren Richards, BSPharm, MBA, PhDAssociate ProfessorLloyd L. Gregory School of PharmacyPalm Beach Atlantic University School of PharmacyWest Palm Beach, Florida

Keith A. Rodvold, PharmDProfessor of Pharmacy Practice & Associate Professor of Medicine in PharmacyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicago, Illinois

Carol Rollins, PharmD, BCNSPProgram Director: Nutrition Support Pharmacy PracticeArizona Health Sciences CenterClinical Associate ProfessorCollege of PharmacyUniversity of ArizonaTucson, Arizona

Wendella Rose-Facey, APRN, CCRN, FNP, MSNAdjunct ProfessorAdelphi UniversityCritical Care Specialist at Kingsbrook Jewish Medical CenterBrooklyn, New York

Elaine Rosenblatt, MSN, APRN, BCClinical ProfessorUniversity of WisconsinDirector of Health Services and Quality ImprovementUniversity of Wisconsin Medical FoundationMadison, Wisconsin

Polly Royal, MS, RN-BCClinical Assistant ProfessorPurdue University School of NursingWest Lafayette, Indiana

Michael Rybak, PharmD, MPHAssociate Dean for Research & Professor of Pharmacy and MedicineDirector of Anti-Infective Research LaboratoryWayne State University College of Pharmacy & Health SciencesDetroit, Michigan

xxvi REVIEWERS

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Kiranpal S. Sangha, PharmDClinical Pharmacy Specialist-CNSThe University HospitalCincinnati, OhioAdjunct Assistant Professor of Clinical PharmacyThe University of Cincinnati College of PharmacyCincinnati, Ohio

JoAnne M. Saxe, RN, MS, ANPClinical Professor & Director of the Adult Nurse Practitioner ProgramUniversity of CaliforniaSan Francisco School of NursingSan Francisco, California

Dana Sayre-Stanhope, EdD, PA-CAssociate ProfessorSaint Louis UniversityDoisy College of Health SciencesSt. Louis, Missouri

Sarah L. Scarpace, PharmD, BCOPAssistant ProfessorAlbany College of PharmacyAlbany, New York

Denise Schentrup, MN, ARNP, BCClinical Assistant ProfessorUniversity of FloridaCollege of NursingGainesville, Florida

Karin Schurrer-Erickson, MA, RN, CNPTeaching SpecialistUniversity of Minnesota School of NursingMinneapolis, Minnesota

Catherine Shull, PA-C, MPASInstructorDepartment of Physician Assistant StudiesWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston-Salem, North Carolina

Candace Smith, PharmDAssociate Clnical ProfessorSt. Johns University College of Pharmacy & Allied Health ProfessionsJamaica, New York

Susan M. Stein, MS, RPhAssistant Dean for Clinical Education and Student DevelopmentPacific University School of PharmacyHillsboro, Oregon

Henry Stoll, PA-CSenior LecturerUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattle, Washington

Christopher J. Sullivan, MD, FACPAdjunct Professor of PharmacyUniversity of MinnesotaBirchwood Village, Minnesota

Marc A. Sweeney, RPh, MDiv, PharmDChair & Associate ProfessorPharmacy PracticeThe University of Findlay School of PharmacyFindlay, Ohio

Mohammad J. Tafreshi, PharmD, BCPSAssociate ProfessorMidwestern University College of Pharmacy-GlendaleGlendale, Arizona

Brenda J. J. Talarico, MPAS, PA-CAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Physician Assistant StudiesAugsburg CollegeMinneapolis, Minnesota

Damary Castanheira Torres, PharmD, BCOP Associate Clinical ProfessorSt. Johns University College of Pharmacy & Allied Health ProfessionsJamaica, New York

Mary Fran Tracy, PhD, RN, CCRN, CCNS, FAAN Critical Care Clinical Nurse SpecialistUniversity of Minnesota Medical CenterFairviewMinneapolis, Minnesota

Marianne Vail, MS, PA-CDepartment of Physician Assistant StudiesMassachusetts College of Pharmacy & Health SciencesBoston, Massachusetts

Lee Vermeulen, RPh, MS, FCCPDirectorCenter for Drug PolicyUniversity of Wisconsin Hospital and ClinicsMadison, Wisconsin

Angie Veverka, BS, PharmDAssistant Professor of PharmacyWingate University School of PharmacyWingate, North Carolina

Heather Vezina, PharmDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Minnesota School of Medicine & College of PharmacyMinneapolis, Minnesota

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Vicki Waters, MS, PA-CAssistant Director for Experiential LearningPhysician Assistant ProgramSchool of Allied Health SciencesBaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas

Christine Werner, PA-C, PhDAssistant ProfessorSaint Louis UniversityDoisy College of Health SciencesSt. Louis, Missouri

Thomas White, JD, PA-CAcademic CoordinatorPhysician Assistant ProgramUniversity of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerque, New Mexico

Siu-Fun Wong, PharmD, FASHP, FCSHPAssociate Professor of Pharmacy PracticeWestern University of Health SciencesFaculty-in-ResidenceHematology-Oncology Medical Group of Orange County, Inc.Pomona, California

Daniel Wood, MPAS, PA-CClinical Assistant ProfessorUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan Antonio, Texas

Kathleen Woodruff, MS, CRNPInstructorThe Johns Hopkins University School of NursingBaltimore, Maryland

Monty Yoder, PharmD, BCPSPharmaceutical Care CoordinatorWake Forest University Baptist Medical CenterWinston-Salem, North Carolina

Dawn Zwick, MSN, CRNPLecturerKent State UniversityKent, Ohio

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PREFACE

Practitioners who design, implement, monitor, and evaluatemedication therapy bear an important responsibility totheir patients and society. Development of these abilitiesrequires an integration of knowledge, skills, attitudes, andvalues that can be acquired only through a structured learningprocess that includes classroom work, independent study,hands-on practice, and, ultimately, involvement with actualpatients.

Pharmacotherapy Principles & Practice is designed to meetthe classroom and independent study needs of todays learnersin the health professions. Chapters are written or reviewed bypharmacists, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, andphysicians who are authorities in their fields and were sub-jected to rigorous review by experts. The book is written in aconcise style that facilitates an in-depth level of understandingof the essential concepts. The disease states covered and thedrugs discussed in the text focus on those disorders mostoften seen in actual practice.

Each chapter reviews etiology, epidemiology, pathophysio-logy, and disease presentation, followed by clear therapeuticrecommendations for drug selection, dosing, and patientmonitoring. The learning features used in PharmacotherapyPrinciples & Practice were designed in collaboration with edu-cational design specialists to enhance learning and retention.These features include:

Structured learning objectives. These are listed at the begin-ning of each chapter, and information in the text that corre-sponds to each learning objective is identified by a verticalrule in the margin, which allows the reader to find contentrelated to each objective quickly.

Key concepts related to patient assessment and treatment.Designed to help focus learning, these key concepts are listed atthe beginning of each chapter. Textual material that developsthese concepts is easily identified by numbered icons through-out the chapter.

Patient encounter vignettes. Distributed throughout each chap-ter, these case scenarios facilitate critical thinking skills andlend clinical relevance to the scientific foundation provided.

Patient care and monitoring guidelines. This section, placednear the end of each chapter, is designed to assist students intheir general approach to assessing, treating, and monitoringpatients for therapeutic response and adverse events.

Up-to-date literature citations. A comprehensive reference listfor each chapter is provided on the Online Learning Centerto substantiate treatment recommendations.

Key references and readings. Placed at the end of eachchapter, this list provides a mechanism to acquire a deeperunderstanding of the subject matter.

Generous use of tables, figures, text boxes, and algorithms.These visual features enhance understanding of pathophysio-logy, clinical presentation, drug selection, pharmacokinetics,and patient monitoring.

Medical abbreviations and their meanings. Placed at the endof each chapter, these lists facilitate learning the acceptedshorthand used in real-world medical practice.

Glossary of medical terms. The glossary is one of the appen-dices at the end of the book; the first use of each glossaryterm in a chapter appears in bold font.

Self-assessment questions and answers for each chapter.Located in the Online Learning Center, these questions aredesigned to evaluate student learning and may be used toobtain approximately 170 hours of continuing educationcredit for licensed pharmacists, nurse practitioners, physi-cians, and physician assistants.

Laboratory values expressed as both conventional units andSystem International (SI) units. Including both units of meas-urement facilitates use of this book throughout the world.

Appendices useful to students and practitioners. Theseappendices include: 1) conversion factors and anthropomet-rics; 2) common laboratory tests and their reference ranges;and 3) common medical abbreviations.

An electronic version of Pharmacotherapy Principles &Practice can be downloaded to a desktop or laptop computerusing the access number that appears on the card inserted in themiddle of this book. The Online Learning Center [McGraw-Hill:Please provide URL] provides the complete reference lists,self-assessment questions, a testing center that has the ability tograde and provide immediate feedback on the self-assessmentquestions as well as reporting capabilities, and other featuresdesigned to support learning.

Pharmacotherapy Principles & Practice is a valuable andunique learning tool that combines state-of-the-art, compre-hensive, yet concise chapters, unique learning features, andthe Online Learning Center.

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We would like to acknowledge the commitment and dedi-cation of the 157 contributing authors and 142 reviewers ofthe chapters contained in this text. (A list of contributors and alist of reviewers are included in the frontmatter of this book.) Wealso extend our thanks to the McGraw-Hill Medical PublishingDivision, especially Michael Brown, Maya Barahona, and RobertPancotti, for their dedication to this project. Finally, we thank our

families for their patience and support of this work and of ourgoal to improve patient care by enhancing learning of pharma-cotherapeutics across the health professions.

The EditorsJanuary 2007

xxx PREFACE

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