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System Administration Made Easy xix

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The combined experience in SAP and general systems adm inistration of those who contributed to th is book

is measured in d ecades. I hope that I am able to share with you some of their w isdom.

I also wish to express app reciation to the following ind ividu als who p rovided time, material, expertise, and

resources which helped make th e Release 4.6A/ B guidebook possible:

Custom ers and p artn ers: Bill Robichau d, Bridgestone/ Firestone; Chad Horw edel, XXX; Doris Steckel,

Agilent/ HP; Gary Can ez, Motorola; Hanum anth a Kasoji, Celanese Acetate; John Blair, Steelcase; Joyce

Cour tney, Infineon; Laura Shieh, John Muir Mt Diablo H ealth System; Kerry Ek, Finteck; Lynne Lollis,

e.coetry/ Chap tec; Otis Barr , Ceridian; Paul Wiebe, TransAlta; Richard Doctor, Acuson; Sam Yamakoshi,

Timothy Rogers; Tony Schollum , Ernst & Youn g; Thomas Beam, NCUA; HP; Udesh Naicker, HP.

SAP AG: And reas Graesser, Dr. Arnold Niederm aier, Dr. Carsten Thiel, Fabian Troendle, Georg Chlond,

Dr. Gert Rusch, Herbert Stegmueller, Joerg Schmid t, Dr. Meinolf Block, Michael Demu th, Michael Schuster

Dr. Nicholai Jord t, Otto Boehrer, Rudolf Marquet , Steph en Corbett , Dr. Stefan Fuchs, Thomas Arend ,Thomas Besthorn, Dr. Uwe H omm el, Uwe Inh off, and Dr. Wulf Kruemp elman.

SAP America: “Casp er” Wai-Fu Kan , Daniel Kocsis, Daniel-Benjamin Fig Zaidsp iner, Jackie Wang, Lance

Pawlikowski, Maria Gregg, Sue McFarland .

SAP Labs: Dr. Arnold Klingert, Jaideep Adh varyu , “Jody” Hon ghu a Yang, John Wu, Kitty Yue, Nihad Al-

Ftayeh, Peter Aeschliman n, Ph ilippe Timoth ee, Dr. Thomas Brodkorb.

SAP UK: Peter Le Duc.

Contr ibuting auth ors: Patricia Huang, SAP America; Jerry Forsey, SAP America.

QA testers: Brad Barn es, e.coetry; Claud ia Helen ius; Jeff Orr , Utilx; Lynn e Lollis, e.coetry; Marc Pun zalan ,

Heat and Control; Patrick McShane, Bramasol.

Documentation and prod uction: Rekha Krishnamu rthy, John Kanclier, Kurt Wolf.

Gary Nakayama, CPA

SAP Labs, Inc., 2000

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Release 4.6 A/B xx xx

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System Administration Made Easy xx

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What Is This Guidebook About? ...........................................................................xxii

Who Should Read This Book?...............................................................................xxii

How to Use This Guidebook ..................................................................................xxv

What’s New ..............................................................................................................xxv

Special Icons .........................................................................................................xxvii

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Introduction

What Is This Guidebook About?

Release 4.6 A/B xxiixxii

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Release 4.6 of the System A dministration M ade Easy Guidebook continues in the direction of the

4.0 version. The primary focus is the importan ce of the on-going natu re of system

adm inistration. This book is w ritten for an installed system, w here all installation tasks have

been completed. Installation and r elated tasks, wh ich are u sually performed on ce, have not

been includ ed in this guidebook.

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We have tr ied to group items and tasks in job role categories, which allows this guidebook

to be a better reference book.

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Real world practical advice from consultants and customers has been integrated into th is

book. Because of this perspective, some of the statemen ts in this book are blunt an d direct.

Some of the examples we have used may seem improbable, but “facts can be, and are,

stranger than fiction.”

Because system ad ministration is such a large area, it is difficult to red uce the volum e to

wh at can be called “ Made Easy.” Although material in this book has been carefully chosen, it

is by no means comp rehensive. Certain chapters can be expand ed into several books [two

examples are th e chapters on disaster recovery (chap ter 2) and security (chapter 11)].

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Although th ere are chapters on problem solving and basic performance tuning, these

chapters are on ly introdu ctions to the su bjects. This guidebook is not m eant to be a trouble

shooting or performan ce tun ing manu al. Installation tasks are not presented. We assum e

that you r SAP consultant h as completed these tasks.

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The target aud ience for this guid ebook is:

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The customer p erson or team where: The R/ 3 administrator is from a small to mid-size compan y with a sm all (one to

three p eople) technical team.

Each team mem ber in the team has m ultiple job responsibilities.

The system ad ministrator has a basic knowledge of the operating system and

database.

< The jun ior consultant

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Introduction

Who Should Read This Book?

System Administration Made Easy xxiixxiii

Senior consultants, experienced system adm inistrators, and DBAs may find p ortions of this

guidebook very elementary, but h opefully useful.

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To help you use this guidebook, and to prevent th is guidebook from becoming as thick as

an un abridged dictionary, we defined a baseline for user know ledge and system

configuration. The two sections below (User an d System) define this baseline. Review these

sections to determine how you an d you r system match. This book is also written w ith

certain assum ptions about you r know ledge level and the expectation that p articular system

requiremen ts have been met.

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We assume that you have a baseline knowledge of R/ 3, the operating system, and the

database. If you lack knowledge in an y of the following p oints, we recomm end that you

consult the man y books and training classes that specifically add ress your op erating system

and d atabase.

You shou ld know how to comp lete the following tasks at the:

< R/ 3 System level:

Be able to log on to R/ 3

Know how to navigate in R/ 3 using m enus and transaction codes

There are screens that do not have men u p aths and the only way to access them is by

using the transaction codes. In the “real world,” navigating by transaction codes is

faster and more efficient than menu s.

< Opera ting system level:

Be familiar w ith the file and directory structure

Be able to use the comm and line to navigate and execute p rograms Set up a p rinter

Perform a backup u sing standard operating system tools or third-par ty tools

Perform basic operating system security

Copy an d m ove files

Properly start and stop the operating system and server

< Database level

Properly start and stop the database

Perform a backup of the database

R/ 3 run s on m ore than five d ifferent versions of UNIX. In man y cases, significantdifferences exist between these versions. These differences contributed to our decision to

not go into d etail at the op erating system level.

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Introduction

How to Use This Guidebook

System Administration Made Easy xxvxxv

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This guidebook is organized in the following fashion:

< The first two chapters p rovide a high-level view of disaster recovery and backup and

recovery.

< Chap ters 4-8 are helpful checklists that h elp the system adm inistrator complete various

tasks, including daily, weekly, and yearly.

These chap ters also prov ide helpful transaction codes and wh ere in the book these codes

are found .

< Chap ter 9 discusses how to stop or start the R/ 3 System.

< Chap ters 10-13 involve the following top ics:

R/ 3 administration

Security administration

User adm inistration Database administration (SQL Server)

The rest of the book covers subjects such as operations, troubleshooting, remote services,

change management, and SAPNet R/ 3–Frontend (form erly know n as OSS). The four

app end ices cover useful transactions, other resources, SAPNet R/ 3–Frontend notes, and a

discussion on upgrades.

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All the task procedu res are classified in one section an d by job roles, where related tasks are

placed together . Regard less of the job schedule, all jobs related to a job role are grou ped in

one p lace.

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This guidebook evolved from the p revious versions of this guidebook and incorpora tes

customer and consu ltant comm ents. Send u s your comments, so we can make future

versions better meet your needs.

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The new features of the Release 4.6 gu idebook are:

< System Adm inistration Assistant (transaction SSAA ), chap ter 10

< New chapters on:

Secur ity (chapter 11)

Microsoft SQL Server / Window s NT (chap ter 13)

Basic problem solving (chap ter 17 )

Basic performance tuning (chapter 22)

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Introduction

What’s New

Release 4.6 A/B xxvixxvi

The procedures to perform regu larly-scheduled tasks have been moved to the Roles section.

The un scheduled tasks section from the 4.0B guidebook has become a role-oriented section.

This change accomm odates customers wh o perform schedu led tasks at times other than the

times presented in this guid ebook. Therefore, all the task p rocedures a re classified in one

section and by job roles, wh ere related tasks are p laced together. Regard less of the job

schedule, all jobs related to a job role are grou ped in one p lace.

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In the table below, you w ill find some of the text conventions used th rough out this guide.

Column Title Column Title

Sans-serif italic Screen names or on -screen objects (button s,

fields, screen text, etc.)

Monospace User inpu t (text the user typ es verbatim)

Name1→ Name2 Menu selection Name1 is the menu name,

an d Name2 is the item on th e menu

Sample R/3 Release 4.6 Screen

♦ Appl ication toolbar:

Menu Bar

Screen Title

♦ Application Toolbar

♣ Workplace Menu

Status Bar

Standard Toolbar

User menu

SAP standard menu

Workplace

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Introduction

Special Icons

System Administration Made Easy xxvixxvii

The screenshots show n in this guide are based on full user au thorization (SAP_ALL).

Depend ing on your au thorizations, some of the buttons on you r app lication toolbar may

not be available.

♣ Workplace menu:

Depend ing on your au thorizations, your w orkplace menu m ay look different fromscreenshots in this guide w hich are based on SAP_ALL. The User menu an d SA P standard

menu buttons p rovide d ifferent views of the workp lace menu .

To learn how to bu ild u ser menu s, see Authorizations M ade Easy guidebook Release

4.6A/ B.

1RWH In this guidebook, we show the technical names of each tran saction. To match our

settings, choose Extras→ Settings and select Show technical names.

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Throughout th is guide special icons ind icate impor tant m essages. Below are br ief

explanations of each icon:

Exercise caution w hen p erforming this task or step. An explanation of why you shou ld be

careful is included .

This information helps you understand the topic in greater detail. It is not necessary to

know this information to perform the task.

These messages provide helpful hints and shortcuts to make you r work faster and easier.

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Introduction

Special Icons

Release 4.6 A/B xxviiixxviii

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