00-185 tetraethylene glycol - magnum solvent literature... · 2016-01-05 · the dow chemical...
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Tetra
ethy
lene
Glyc
ol
The Dow Chemical Company Tetraethylene Glycol Product Guide
IMPORTANT
© 2003 The Dow Chemical Company
NOTICE: No freedom from any patent owned by Seller or others is to be inferred. Because use conditions and applicable laws may differ from one location to another and may changewith time, Customer is responsible for determining whether products and the information in this document are appropriate for Customer’s use and for ensuring that Customer’sworkplace and disposal practices are in compliance with applicable laws and other governmental enactments. Seller assumes no obligation or liability for the information inthis document. NO WARRANTIES ARE GIVEN; ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE EXPRESSLY EXCLUDED.
The Dow Chemical Company Tetraethylene Glycol Product Guide
Table of Contents
2 Introduction3........Table 1: Applications
5 Properties5 ........Table 2: Physical Properties of Tetraethylene Glycol
6 ........Table 3: Solubilities of Various Materials in Tetraethylene Glycol
7 ........Table 4: Tetraethylene Glycol Compatibility with Elastomeric Materials
8 ........Figure 1: Freezing Points of Aqueous Tetraethylene Glycol Solutions
9 ........Figure 2: Boiling Points vs. Composition of Aqueous Tetraethylene Glycol Solutions at Various Pressures
10 .....Figure 3: Condensation Temperatures vs. Composition of Aqueous Tetraethylene Glycol Solutions at Various Pressures
11......Figure 4: Vapor Pressures of Tetraethylene Glycol at Various Temperatures
12 ......Figure 5: Vapor Pressures of Aqueous Tetraethylene Glycol Solutions at Various Temperatures
13 ......Figure 6: Specific Gravities of Aqueous Tetraethylene Glycol Solutions
14 ......Figure 7: Viscosities of Aqueous Tetraethylene Glycol Solutions
15 ......Figure 8: Specific Heats of Aqueous Tetraethylene Glycol Solutions
16 ......Figure 9: Thermal Conductivities of Aqueous Tetraethylene Glycol Solutions
17 ......Figure 10: Dew Points of Aqueous Tetraethylene Glycol Solutions at Various Contact Temperatures
18 ......Figure 11: Refractive Indices of Pure Tetraethylene Glycol
19 ......Figure 12: Refractive Indices of Aqueous Tetraethylene Glycol Solutions at 77°F (25°C)
20......Figure 13: Surface Tensions of Pure Tetraethylene Glycol
21 ......Figure 14: Surface Tensions of Aqueous Tetraethylene Glycol Solutions at 77°F (25°C)
22 ......Figure 15: Electrical Conductivities of Aqueous Tetraethylene Glycol Solutions
23 ......Figure 16: Conversion Chart for Aqueous Solutions of Tetraethylene Glycol
24 Health Effects24 Environmental Information
1
25 Storage and Handling25 Shipping Data26 Product Safety27 Emergency Service28 Sales Office
IntroductionPrecautions:
Carefully review our current Material Safety Data Sheet.
Tetraethylene Glycol Formula
C8H18O5
Molecular FormulaHOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OH
CAS Registry Number112-60-7
Synonyms2,2’-[oxybis(ethyleneoxy)]diethanol2,2’-[oxybis(2,1-ethanediyloxy)]bis-ethanolTetraglycolTETRATTEGT4EGTetraEG
Tetraethylene glycol is a transparent, colorless,practically odorless, low-volatility, moderate-viscosity, hygroscopic liquid. It is completelymiscible with water and many organic liquids.Tetraethylene glycol has properties similar todiethylene and triethylene glycols and may be usedpreferentially in applications requiring a higherboiling point, higher molecular weight or lowerhygroscopicity.
The hydroxyl groups on tetraethylene glycolundergo the usual alcohol chemistry, giving a widevariety of possible derivatives. Hydroxyls can beconverted to aldehydes, alkyl halides, amines,azides, carboxylic acids, ethers, mercaptans,nitrate esters, nitriles, nitrite esters, organic esters,peroxides, phosphate esters and sulfate esters.
Tetraethylene glycol may be used directly as aplasticizer or modified by esterification. Thesolubility properties of tetraethylene glycol areimportant for many applications. The end uses fortetraethylene glycol are numerous. (See Table 1.)
The Dow Chemical Company Tetraethylene Glycol Product Guide
Service . . .For solutions to problems or answers to questions,take advantage of Dow’s technical service andsupport, available through trained sales representativesas well as a skilled staff from our Research andDevelopment Department. Your order of tetraethyleneglycol will be processed expertly and quickly whenyou place a call to one of our many helpful customerservice representatives. (See page 28.)
Dow . . . Your best source
Dow is the world’s largest producer of ethyleneoxide and glycols with more than 70 years of experience in their manufacture, marketing, and research and development. The uniform implementation of statistical process control at allour plants enables us to consistently deliver thehigh-quality product you require. Our total approachto Quality and Quality Systems is continuouslyimproved to ensure that our facilities meet therequirements for registration to the stringent ISO9002 series of standards.
Optimum performance demands a quality product,and that is what we deliver.
2
for Tetraethylene GlycolQuality…
The Dow Chemical Company Tetraethylene Glycol Product Guide
Table 1: Applications
Hygroscopicity • Dehydration of natural gas• Moisturizing and plasticizing cork, adhesives
Plasticizer • Safety glass• Separation membranes (silicone rubber, polyvinyl
acetate, cellulose triacetate)• Ceramic materials (resistant refractory plastics,
molded ceramics)
BTX • Separation of aromatic hydrocarbons from non-aromatic hydrocarbons (BTX extraction with Tetraethylene Glycol)
Low Volatility • Gas dehydration
Solvent • Resin impregnants and other additives• Steam-set printing inks• Aromatic and paraffinic hydrocarbons separations• Cleaning compounds• Polyethylene terephthalate production equipment
cleaning• Cyanoacrylate and polyacrylonitrile
Chemical Intermediate • Unsaturated polyester resin• Various resins of the alkyd type used as laminating
agents in adhesives• Esterification products used in plasticizer
intermediates for nitrocellulose lacquers and vinyl resins
• Polyester polyols for polyurethanes• Thermoplastic polyurethanes• Silcone compounds• Emulsifiers• Lubricants
Freezing Point Depression • Heat transfer fluids
3
The Dow Chemical Company Tetraethylene Glycol Product Guide4
Product Stewardship Guidelines and Principles ofThe Dow Chemical CompanyThe following bullet points identify some applications that are NOT supported by Dow for EGProducts on a go-forward basis. The reasons for these limitations include areas in which we havedecided not to pursue for general business reasons and actions which would minimize unnecessaryrisk and liabilities to the business. In addition, the following list of uses not supported by Dow doesnot imply a Dow warranty or Dow support of uses in applications not covered by this list. This listis not all inclusive.
Non-supported applications of Dow manufactured EG, DEG,TEG,TETRA, and By-Products of Glycol Manufacturing (Dow EG Products):
• The use of Dow EG Products in the production of tobacco and in the manufacture of tobaccoproducts (including but not limited to additives, humectants, filters, inks, and paper) is not supported by Dow.
• The use of Dow EG Products for the generation of artificial smoke / theatrical fogs / mist is notsupported by Dow.
• The use of Dow EG Products as ingredient in fuel for warming foods (SternoTM-like application)or in fuel for heating an enclosed space where human exposure is possible is not supported by Dow.
• The use of Dow EG Products in fire extinguishing sprinkler systems is not supported by Dow. • The use of Dow EG Products in the manufacture of munitions is not supported by Dow.• The use of Dow EG Products in the production of deicers for use on roadways and sidewalks is
not supported by Dow.• The use of Dow EG Products as a component of heat transfer fluids in systems where the heat transfer fluid could infiltrate (i.e., via an exchanger leak, backflow prevention failure, or other means) a potable water system is not supported by Dow. • The use of Dow EG Products, purposely, as a non-reacted component in a formulation for direct internal
or external human contact, including, but not limited to ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact and inthe manufacture of medical devices is not supported by Dow. (Examples of some such applica-tions are uses as a direct component in foods, beverages, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, or personalcare products.)
• The use of Dow EG Products for hospital or consumer deodorizing or air “purifying” purposes by spraying as an aerosol is not supported by Dow. • The use of Dow EG Products as a non-reacted component in adhesives, plasticizers, and softening
agents for packaging that has direct contact with food or beverages is not supported by Dow.
To enter into new applications beyond the traditional standard industrial use applications, contact your Dow representative to review the specific application. Dow has a risk assessment process whereby the application will be reviewed and a determination will be made as to whether the application meets Dow’s requirements and can therefore be supported by Dow.Because use conditions and applicable laws may differ from one location to another and may change with time, when an application is supported by Dow, Dow does not warrant and is not responsible for the use in such application. NO WARRANTIES ARE GIVEN; ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE EXPRESSLY EXCLUDED.
Further, any violation of or failure to comply with the information contained in Dow’s Material Safety Data Sheet, Product Label, Product Information Guide, product literature or other product safety information is a misuse of Dow’s EG and Higher Glycol Products. These documents can be obtained by contacting your Dow representative or Dow’s Customer Information Group (1-800-447-4369). We can never specify all circumstances where misuse might occur, so if at anytime a customer or downstream use appears to be improper or unsafe,please contact our Product Steward, Larry Bradford at(225) 353-6122.
The Dow Chemical Company Tetraethylene Glycol Product Guide
PropertiesTable 2: Physical Properties of Tetraethylene GlycolDetermined on purified samples of Tetraethylene GlycolProperty Scientific Units Common UnitsAutoignition Temperature 358°C 676°F
Boiling Point at 10 mmHg 190°C 374°F
Boiling Point at 50 mmHg 231°C 448°F
Boiling Point at 760 mmHg 329.7°C (decomposes) 625.5 °F (decomposes)
Critical Pressure 2,590 kPa 19,430 mmHg
Critical Specific Volume 0.564 L/gmol 9.03 ft3/lbmol
Critical Temperature 522°C 971.6°F
Dielectric Constant 15.7 15.7
Electrical Conductivity 0.16 micromhos/m 0.0016 micromhos/cm
Evaporation Rate (Butyl Acetate = 1) <0.01 <0.01
Flash Point, Clevland Open Cup ASTM D 92 204°C 400°F
Fash Point, Pensky-Marten Closed Cup ASTM D 93 202°C 395°F
Freezing Point -4.1°C 24.6°F
Heat of Combustion at 25°C -4,664 kJ/gmol -10,310 Btu/lb
Heat of Vaporization 62.9 kJ/gmol 139 Btu/lb
Molecular Weight 194.23g/mol 194.23g/mol
Onset of Initial Decomposition 240°C 464°F
Refractive Index, nD, 20°C 1.4598 1.4598
Solubility in Water at 20°C, wt% 100% 100%
Solubility of Water in Tetraethylene Glycol at 20°C, wt% 100% 100%
Specific Gravity, 20/20°C 1.1247 1.1247
∆ Specific Gravity vs. ∆ Temperature (10 - 40°C) 0.00080/°C 0.00080/°C
Surface Tension 44.0 mN/m 44.0 dynes/cm
Vapor Density (Air = 1) 6.7 6.7
Vapor Pressure at 20°C <0.001 kPa <0.01 mmHg
Viscosity at 20°C 58.3 mPs 58.3 cP
5
The Dow Chemical Company Tetraethylene Glycol Product Guide
Table 3: Solubilities of Various Materials in Tetraethylene GlycolSolubility, g/100 ml of Glycol at 25°C Acetone Completely Soluble Lard Oil Slightly Soluble
Animal Glue (Dry) Slightly Soluble Linseed Oil Slightly Soluble
Benzene Completely Soluble Methanol Completely Soluble
Carbon Tetrachloride 62.0 Monoethanolamine Completely Soluble
Castor Oil Slightly Soluble oo-Dichlorobenzene Completely Soluble
Coconut Oil Slightly Soluble Olive Oil Slightly Soluble
Cottonseed Oil Slightly Soluble Paraffin Oil Slightly Soluble
Dextrin Slightly Soluble Phenol Completely Soluble
Dibutyl Phthalate Completely Soluble Pine Oil Completely Soluble
Dichloroethyl Ether Completely Soluble Shellac Slightly Soluble
Diethanolamine Completely Soluble Soya Bean Oil Slightly Soluble
Ethanol Completely Soluble Sperm Oil Slightly Soluble
Ethyl Ether 20.0 Tall Oil Slightly Soluble
Gum Damar Slightly Soluble Toluene 89.0
Heptane Slightly Soluble Tung Oil Slightly Soluble
Hydrous Wool Fat Slightly Soluble Turkey Red Oil 1**
Kauri Gum 16.0* Urea 28.0
* Too viscous to stir beyond 16%** Forms stable emulsion from this concentration to 100%
6
The Dow Chemical Company Tetraethylene Glycol Product Guide
Table 4: Tetraethylene Glycol Compatibility with Elastomeric Materials
Temperature
Material 25°C (77°F) 80°C (176°F) 160°C (320°F)Adiprene™ L-100 Good Poor Poor
Black Rubber 3773 Good Poor Poor
Buna N (or 25) Good Good
Buna S Good Fair Poor
Butyl Rubber Good Good
Compressed Asbestos Good Good Fair
EPDM Good Good Good
EPR Rubber Good Good Good
Hycar™ D-24 Good Fair
Hypalon™ Good Poor Poor
Kalrez™ Good Good Good
Natural Rubber Gum Good Poor Poor
Neoprene 7797 Good Fair
Red Rubber Number 107 Good Poor Poor
Saraloy™ 300 Good Poor Poor
Silicone No. 65 Good Good
Thiokol™ 3060 Good Poor Poor
Viton™ A Good Good Poor
7
The Dow Chemical Company Tetraethylene Glycol Product Guide
Figure 1: Freezing Points of Aqueous Tetraethylene Glycol Solutions
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100–40
–30
–20
–10
0
–30
–20
–10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
10
20
Tetraethylene Glycol, Percent by Weight in Water
Tem
pera
ture
, ˚C
Tem
pera
ture
, ˚F
8
The Dow Chemical Company Tetraethylene Glycol Product Guide
Figure 2: Boiling Points vs. Composition of Aqueous Tetraethylene Glycol Solutions at Various Pressures
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
50
100
150
200
40
80120160200240
280320
440
480520560600640
680720
360400
250
350
300
400
Tetraethylene Glycol, Percent by Weight in Water
Tem
pera
ture
, ˚C
Tem
pera
ture
, ˚F
9
*2 atmospheres absolute, 1 atmosphere gauge
1520 mm Hg*
760 mm Hg300 mm Hg
The Dow Chemical Company Tetraethylene Glycol Product Guide
Figure 3: Condensation Temperatures vs. Composition of AqueousTetraethylene Glycol Solutions at Various Pressures
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
50
100
150
200
40
80120160200240
280320
440
480520560600640
680720
360400
250
350
300
400
Tetraethylene Glycol, Percent by Weight in Water
Tem
pera
ture
, ˚C
Tem
pera
ture
, ˚F
10
*2 atmospheres absolute, 1 atmosphere gauge
760 mm Hg
300 mm Hg
1520 mm Hg*
The Dow Chemical Company Tetraethylene Glycol Product Guide
Figure 4: Vapor Pressures of Tetraethylene Glycol at Various Temperatures
Tetraethylene Glycol Antoine Constants for Calculating Vapor Pressure3-Constant Equation (Temperature Range = 190 - 330°C)
A=7.3101 Range = 190 - 330°CB=2076.0 P = mm HgC=139.0 T = °CLog10 (P) = A – B/(T + C)
5-Constant Equation (Temperature Range = 463 - 636°K)A=144.00639 Range = 463 - 636KB=17009.675 P = PaC=0.0 T = KelvinD=–16.30747E=0.1964355 x 10-29
N=10ln(P) = A – B/(T + C) + D(ln(T)) + ETN
160
320 360 400 440 480 520 560 600 640 720
180 200 220 240 280 320 360 4001
3
6
10
2
60
100
2030
Temperature, ˚C
Temperature, ˚F
Vapo
r P
ress
ure,
mm
Hg
600
1000
200300
Tetraethylene GlycolAntoine Constants A=7.3101 B=2076.0 C=139.0
Log(P)=A–B/(t+C)mmHg, log 10, ˚C
11
The Dow Chemical Company Tetraethylene Glycol Product Guide
Figure 5: Vapor Pressures of Aqueous Tetraethylene GlycolSolutions at Various Temperatures
Tetraethylene Glycol Antoine Constants for Calculating Vapor Pressure3-Constant Antoine EquationLog10 (P) = A – B/(T + C)
P = mm Hg, T = °C
TetraEG, Wt% A B C 0 7.959199 1663.545 227.57550 7.873345 1636.389 225.21970 7.848323 1648.782 226.30180 7.825422 1665.432 227.73490 7.780251 1713.096 231.85295 7.307193 1543.725 216.98697 7.329127 1645.512 225.83798 7.124137 1602.032 221.24399 6.789910 1555.196 216.34199.5 7.011118 1910.979 252.754100 7.310182 2075.967 139.005
–10 0 10 20 30 40 60 80 100 120 160 200–20
0 20 40 80 120 160 200 240 320 400
0.1
0.20.40.6
1
246
10204060
100
200400600
1,000
2,0004,0006,000
10,000
100
99.59998979590
Temperature, ˚C
Temperature, ˚F
Vapo
r P
ress
ure,
mm
Hg
Tetr
aeth
ylen
e G
lyco
l, P
erce
nt b
y W
eigh
t in
Wat
er
050
7080
Freezing PointCurves
12
The Dow Chemical Company Tetraethylene Glycol Product Guide
Figure 6: Specific Gravities of Aqueous Tetraethylene Glycol Solutions
Specific Gravity at T/60°F = A + Bx + Cx2 + Dx3
x = Weight % Tetraethylene Glycol
T, °F A B C D-50 1.05640 7.5641E-7 4.0919E-5 -2.8619E-70 1.03750 2.5720E-4 3.3614E-5 -2.4276E-750 1.01860 5.1746E-4 2.6173E-5 -1.9836E-7100 0.99475 1.0756E-3 1.3584E-5 -1.2727E-7150 0.98275 9.0500E-4 1.3921E-5 -1.2557E-7200 0.96482 1.1059E-3 7.5105E-6 -8.6531E-8250 0.94294 1.5448E-3 -3.0186E-6 -2.6118E-8300 0.91908 2.1030E-3 -1.5607E-5 4.4972E-8
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10000.90
0.92
0.94
0.96
0.98
1.00
1.02
1.04
1.06
1.08
1.10
1.12
1.14
1.16
1.18
1.20
Tetraethylene Glycol, Percent by Weight in Water
App
aren
t Spe
cific
Gra
vity
, T/6
0˚F
50˚F
0˚F
50˚F
100˚F
150˚F
200˚F
250˚F250˚F
300˚F
Freezing Point Curves
13
The Dow Chemical Company Tetraethylene Glycol Product Guide
Figure 7: Viscosities of Aqueous Tetraethylene Glycol Solutions
Log10 (Viscosity, cP) = A + Bx + Cx2 + Dx3
x = Weight % Tetraethylene Glycol
T, °F A B C D0 0.58056 0.016062 2.8935E-4 -2.0327E-650 0.12569 0.012863 2.0877E-4 -1.4708E-6100 -0.16359 0.011229 1.4522E-4 -1.0089E-6150 -0.37589 0.013718 -5.0558E-7 0.0200 -0.51722 0.011518 4.5062E-6 0.0250 -0.62510 0.009805 8.8685E-6 0.0300 -0.71012 0.008434 1.2644E-5 0.0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10000.1
0.20.40.6
1
246
10
204060
100200400600
1000
200040006000
10,000
Tetraethylene Glycol, Percent by Weight in Water
Vis
cosi
ty, c
entip
oise
s (c
P)
0˚F
300˚F250˚F
200˚F
150˚F
100˚F
50˚F
Freezing Point Curves
14
The Dow Chemical Company Tetraethylene Glycol Product Guide
Figure 8: Specific Heats of Aqueous Tetraethylene Glycol Solutions
Specific Heat = A + BT + CT2
T = Temperature, °C
TetraEG, Wt% A B C 0 1.03210 -7.3306E-4 4.6741E-610 0.99642 -3.5754E-4 3.3173E-620 0.95633 -2.0686E-5 2.1006E-630 0.91178 2.7753E-4 1.0241E-640 0.86278 5.3709E-4 8.7771E-850 0.80933 7.5801E-4 -7.0840E-760 0.75142 9.4028E-4 -1.3644E-670 0.68905 1.0839E-3 -1.8802E-680 0.62224 1.1889E-3 -2.2559E-690 0.55096 1.2552E-3 -2.4913E-6100 0.47524 1.2829E-3 -2.5866E-6
0 50 100 150 200-50
-40 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
Temperature, ˚C
Temperature, ˚F
Spe
cific
Hea
t, B
tu/l
b/˚F
Tetr
aeth
ylen
e G
lyco
l, P
erce
nt b
y W
eigh
t in
Wat
er
100˚F
90˚F
0˚F10˚F20˚F30˚F40˚F
50˚F
60˚F
70˚F
80˚F
Freezing Point Curves
15
The Dow Chemical Company Tetraethylene Glycol Product Guide
Figure 9: Thermal Conductivities of Aqueous Tetraethylene Glycol Solutions
Thermal Conductivity = A + BT + CT2
T = Temperature, °C
TetraEG, Wt% A B C 0 0.34050 8.3720E-4 -3.1752E-610 0.30781 1.0159E-3 -3.7379E-620 0.26989 8.4718E-4 -3.0501E-630 0.23613 7.1079E-4 -2.5485E-640 0.20764 5.5221E-4 -1.9166E-650 0.18057 4.6476E-4 -1.6124E-660 0.15841 3.2952E-4 -1.1049E-670 0.13906 2.4455E-4 -7.4414E-780 0.12257 1.8147E-4 -4.7922E-790 0.10979 1.4412E-4 -3.6641E-7100 0.09665 5.3497E-6 1.6290E-7
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200-20
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
Temperature, ˚C
Temperature, ˚F
Ther
mal
Con
duct
ivity
, Btu
(ft)
/hr
(ft2 ) ˚
F
Tetr
aeth
ylen
e G
lyco
l, P
erce
nt b
y W
eigh
t in
Wat
er
10
20
30
40
50
60708090
100
0
Freezing Point Curves
16
The Dow Chemical Company Tetraethylene Glycol Product Guide
Figure 10: Dew Points of Aqueous Tetraethylene Glycol Solutions at Various Contact Temperatures
Dew or Frost Point = A + BT T = Temperature, °C
TetraEG, Wt% A B50 -2.8609 0.9715270 -6.8048 0.9336180 -10.550 0.8989390 -17.526 0.8370895 -24.653 0.7770298 -33.763 0.7043599 -40.258 0.6551199.5 -46.379 0.61055
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50-30
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Contact Temperatures of Solution, ˚C
Contact Temperatures of Solution, ˚F
Fros
t Poi
nt, ˚
FD
ew P
oint
, ˚F
Fros
t Poi
nt, ˚
CD
ew P
oint
, ˚C
-50-40-30-20-10
01020304050
50
60408090
100110120130140
Freezing Point Curves
Tetraethylene Glycol,Percent by Weight in Water
7080
90
95
98
99
99.5
17
The Dow Chemical Company Tetraethylene Glycol Product Guide
Figure 11: Refractive Indices of Pure Tetraethylene Glycol
Refractive Index = 1.4675 – 0.00038TT = Temperature, °C
25 30 35 40 45 5020
70 80 90 100 110 120
1.448
1.450
1.452
1.454
1.456
1.458
1.460
1.462
Temperature, ˚C
Temperature, ˚F
Ref
ract
ive
Inde
x
18
The Dow Chemical Company Tetraethylene Glycol Product Guide
Figure 12: Refractive Indices of Aqueous Tetraethylene Glycol Solutions at 77°F (25°C)
Refractive Index, 77°F (25°C) = 1.3325 + 0.0012540xx = Weight % Tetraethylene Glycol
20 40 60 80 10001.30
1.32
1.34
1.36
1.38
1.40
1.42
1.44
1.46
1.48
1.50
Tetraethylene Glycol, Percent by Weight in Water
Ref
ract
ive
Inde
x
19
The Dow Chemical Company Tetraethylene Glycol Product Guide
Figure 13: Surface Tensions of Pure Tetraethylene Glycol
Surface Tension, dynes/cm = 46.580 – 0.10523TT = Temperature, °C
50 100 1500
40 80 120 200160 240 280
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
Temperature, ˚C
Temperature, ˚F
Sur
face
Ten
sion
, dyn
es/c
m
20
The Dow Chemical Company Tetraethylene Glycol Product Guide
Figure 14: Surface Tensions of Aqueous Tetraethylene Glycol Solutions at 77°F (25°C)
20 40 60 80 100030
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
Tetraethylene Glycol, Percent by Weight in Water
Sur
face
Ten
sion
, dyn
es/c
m
21
The Dow Chemical Company Tetraethylene Glycol Product Guide
Figure 15: Electrical Conductivities of Aqueous Tetraethylene Glycol Solutions
Note: The quality of the water used for dilution can significantly affect theelectrical conductivity.
20 40 60 80 10000
5
10
15
20
25
Tetraethylene Glycol, Percent by Weight in Water
Ele
ctric
al C
ondu
ctiv
ity, m
icro
mho
s/cm
22
The Dow Chemical Company Tetraethylene Glycol Product Guide
Figure 16: Conversion Chart for Aqueous Solutions of Tetraethylene Glycol.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Tetraethylene Glycol, Percent by Weight
Volu
me
Per
cent
Tet
raet
hyle
ne G
lyco
l
Mol
e Fr
actio
n Te
trae
thyl
ene
Gly
col
Volume Percent vsWeight Percent
Mole Fraction vsWeight Percent
23
The Dow Chemical Company Tetraethylene Glycol Product Guide
Health EffectsSee our current Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for the most current exposure limits, health, first aid, andtoxicology information.
Environmental Information
24
See our current MSDS for current toxicity information.
Biodegradation For information concerning the biodegradability of Tetraethylene Glycol, please refer to the latest MaterialSafety Data Sheet.
The Dow Chemical Company Tetraethylene Glycol Product Guide
Storage and Handling This information is offered as a guide in planningbulk storage facilities for glycols. Glycols aregenerally considered to be stable, non-corrosivechemicals with high flash points. Under ordinaryconditions, all of these chemicals can be stored inmild steel vessels. For long-term storage, or if traceiron contamination and the development of colorare objectionable in any of the glycols, a storagevessel lined with a baked-phenolic resin, an air-drying epoxy-phenolic resin, or a vinyl resin or astainless steel or aluminum tank is suggested. Zincor galvanized iron is not recommended, andcopper or copper alloys may cause productdiscoloration.
It is not general practice to use an inert gas in thevapor space of glycol storage tanks, because allchemicals in this family have high boiling pointsand the vapors in the tanks are relatively non-flammable. However, if extremely low watercontent is required, consistent with a long storageperiod, a nitrogen blanket can be used to excludeatmospheric moisture and air. Blanketing withnitrogen will also minimize low-level oxidation, ifnecessary for the desired application. The inertgas prevents air oxidation in order to maintainproduct within acidity specifications. Increasedacidity enhances iron pickup from steel vessels.Alternatively, a desiccant unit can be installed onthe tank vent line to dry incoming air.
If above ground outside storage is planned, it maybe necessary to install provisions for heating tanksand lines. Many glycols have a moderately highfreezing point or become relatively viscous atsevere winter temperatures. However, excessivetemperature can cause undesirable degradation ofglycols. Automatic controls are suggested to limitthe temperature of the contents to 120°F (49°C).
In cold climates, it is generally desirable to makeprovisions for draining the pump and the transferlines if they are outside the building. If this is notfeasible, it may be necessary to insulate and steamtrace or otherwise heat the transfer lines toprevent freezing of the product. Care must betaken in such an application, because continuedexposure of glycols to high temperatures greater
than 120°F (49°C) will result in productdegradation. Transfer piping of mild steel isgenerally used.
Shipping DataShipping Data for Tetraethylene GlycolWeight per Gallon at 20°C 9.37 lb
Coefficient of Expansion at 55°C 0.00075
Flash Point, Pensky-Martens Closed Cup 395°F
Net Contents and Type of Container
• 1-Gallon Tin Can 9.0 lb
• 5-Gallon DOT 17E, Pail 47 lb
• 55-Gallon DOT 17E, Drum 522 lb
Tetraethylene glycol is not regulated by the U.S. Department of Transportation; therefore, it does not have a DOT Shipping Name, Hazard Classification, DOT Warning Label,or Identification Number.
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Product Safety
The Dow Chemical Company Tetraethylene Glycol Product Guide26
When considering the use of tetraethylene glycol in any particular application, review and under-stand our current Material Safety Data Sheet forthe necessary safety and health information. ForMaterial Safety Data Sheets and other productsafety information on Dow products, contact TheDow Chemical Company sales office nearest you.Before handling any products mentioned in thisbooklet, you should obtain the available productsafety information from the suppliers of thoseproducts and take the necessary steps to complywith all precautions regarding the use oftetraethylene glycol.
No chemical should be used as or in a food, drug,medical device, or cosmetic, or in a productprocess in which it may come in contact with a food, drug, medical device, or cosmetic untilthe user has determined the suitability of the use.Because use conditions and applicable laws maydiffer from one location to another and maychange with time, Customer is responsible fordetermining whether products and the informationin this document are appropriate for Customer’suse and for ensuring that Customer’s workplaceand disposal practices are in compliance withapplicable laws and other governmental enactments.
Dow requests that the customer read, understand,and comply with the information contained inthis publication and the current Material DataSafety Sheet(s). The customer should furnish theinformation in this publication to its employees,contractors, and customers, or any other users ofthe product(s), and request that they do the same.
The Dow Chemical Company Tetraethylene Glycol Product Guide
Emergency ServiceThe Dow Chemical Company maintains an around-the-clock emergency service for its products. The ChemicalManufacturers Association (CHEM/TREC), Transportation Canada (CANUTEC) and the ChemicalEmergency Agency Service maintain an around-the-clock emergency service for all chemical products.
Alaska and Hawaii Phone Mainland United States: Phone CHEMTREC:(304) 744-3487(collect) (800) 424-9300 (toll-free)
Canada Phone Dow: Phone CANUTEC:(514)-640-6400 (collect) (613) 996-6666 (collect)
Continental Europe, Phone BIG (Geel-Belgium): Phone CHEMTREC (United States):Middle East, North and (32) 0-14-58-45-45 (703) 527-3887 (collect)Central Africa
United Kingdom and Ireland Phone National Chemical Phone CHEMTREC (United States):Emergency Center (Culham-UK): (703) 527-3887 (collect)(44)(0) 1865-407-333
Latin America, Asia/Pacific, Phone United States: Phone CHEMTREC (United States):South Africa and any other (304) 744-3487 (collect) (703) 527-3887 (collect)location, worldwide
If you are at sea Radio U.S. Coast Guard, who can directly contact Dow HELP (800) 822-4357 (toll-free) or CHEMTREC (800) 424-9300 (toll-free)
DO NOT WAIT. Phone if in doubt. You will be referred to a specialist for advice.
Mainland United States Phone Dow HELP: Phone CHEMTREC:and Puerto Rico
All Chemical ProductsLocation Dow Products
(800) 822-4357 (800) 424-9300 (toll-free)(toll-free)
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Sales OfficeFor additional information, contact our customer service center:
The Dow Chemical Company2040 Dow CenterMidland, MI 48674www.dow.comPh: (800) 232-2436
The Dow Chemical Company Tetraethylene Glycol Product Guide28
NOTICE: No freedom from any patent owned by Seller or others is to be inferred. Because use conditions and applicable laws may differ from one location to another and may change with time, Customeris responsible for determining whether products and the information in this document are appropriate for Customer’s use and for ensuring that Customer’s workplace and disposal practices are in compliancewith applicable laws and other governmental enactments. Seller assumes no obligation or liability for the information in this document. NO WARRANTIES ARE GIVEN; ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE EXPRESSLY EXCLUDED.
Printed in U.S.A. *Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company Form No. 612-00005-0704XPublished June 2003