Geography Geography It’s important to have a basic destination

geography.

Your confidence in selling and knowing more about the world can affect the way you help your client.

Geography is fun and exciting!

DID YOU KNOW….DID YOU KNOW….

That the world is basically round in shape, which means it’s approximately 360 degrees. This means that because there are 24 hrs in a day, every 15 degrees traveled equals approximately one hour.

                                                                                     

Time ZonesTime ZonesPrior to the late nineteenth century, time keeping was a purely local phenomenon. Prior to the late nineteenth century, time keeping was a purely local phenomenon.

Travel between cities meant having to change one's pocket watch upon arrival. Travel between cities meant having to change one's pocket watch upon arrival. However, once railroads began to operate and move people rapidly across great However, once railroads began to operate and move people rapidly across great distances, time became much more critical. In the early years of the railroads, the distances, time became much more critical. In the early years of the railroads, the schedules were very confusing because each stop was based on a different local schedules were very confusing because each stop was based on a different local time. The standardization of time was essential to efficient operation of railroads. time. The standardization of time was essential to efficient operation of railroads.

In 1878, In 1878, Sir Sanford FlemingSir Sanford Fleming proposed the system of proposed the system of worldwide time zonesworldwide time zones that we that we use today. He recommended that the world be divided into twenty-four time zones, use today. He recommended that the world be divided into twenty-four time zones, each spaced 15 degrees of each spaced 15 degrees of longitudelongitude apart. Since the earth rotates once every 24 apart. Since the earth rotates once every 24

hours and there are 360 degrees of longitude, each hour the earth rotates one-hours and there are 360 degrees of longitude, each hour the earth rotates one-twenty-fourth of a circle or 15° of longitude. Sir Fleming's time zones were heralded twenty-fourth of a circle or 15° of longitude. Sir Fleming's time zones were heralded

as a brilliant solution to a chaotic problem worldwide. as a brilliant solution to a chaotic problem worldwide. In 1884 an International Prime Meridian Conference was held in Washington D.C. to In 1884 an International Prime Meridian Conference was held in Washington D.C. to

standardize time and select the Prime Meridian. The conference selected the standardize time and select the Prime Meridian. The conference selected the longitude of Greenwich, England as zero degrees longitude and established the 24 longitude of Greenwich, England as zero degrees longitude and established the 24

time zones based on the Prime Meridian. . time zones based on the Prime Meridian. . Today, many countries operate on variations of the time zones proposed. There are Today, many countries operate on variations of the time zones proposed. There are

nine time zones in the U.S. and its territories; they include Eastern, Central, nine time zones in the U.S. and its territories; they include Eastern, Central, Mountain, Pacific, Alaska, Hawaii-Aleutian, Samoa, Wake Island, and Guam. Mountain, Pacific, Alaska, Hawaii-Aleutian, Samoa, Wake Island, and Guam.

               Sailing thru Science...

INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE

The International Date Line is an imaginary line on the earth's surface, that approximately coincides with the 180th meridian (LONGITUDE), and separates the calendar date. Traveling east across the line, it becomes the day before; traveling west, it becomes the next day. Without the date line, calendar confusion would result for the traveler.

Countries Along the Prime Meridian

Morning (a.m.) hours are shown like this:

1200

0600

03000900

0100

0200

1100

1000

0800

0700 0500

0400

Afternoon and evening (p.m.) hours are shown like this:

2400

1800

15002100

1300

1400

2300

2200

2000

19001700

1600

HEMISPHERESHEMISPHERES– The word hemisphere means half sphere.

It’s important to know about the various hemispheres because they will help you understand why the seasons in South Africa are opposite to North America.

– The world is divided into two sets of hemispheres:

Northern and Southern - The Equator is the imaginary line that divides the earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Due to the tilt on the earth’s axis, the seasons are opposite in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

• Eastern and Western - these are divided by imaginary lines called the International Date Line and the Prime Meridian. Asia is in the Eastern Hemisphere and Canada is in the Western Hemisphere.

Countries Along the Equator

DID YOU KNOW ….DID YOU KNOW ….

That there are 7 continents (6 if you combine Asia and Europe into Eurasia.

Technically, Europe is a peninsula to the continent of Asia.

Continents Continents A continent is a large, unbroken land mass, such

as North America and Europe. We often include in its definition that it is totally surrounded by water. This added definition of being surrounded by water often is not true.

Continents make up 99 percent of the land mass of the earth. The earth’s surface is approximately 30 percent land, and the land masses include the seven continents (according to size).

So. America

Africa

No. AmericaEurope

Asia

Which continent is missing?

AsiaAsia The world’s largest continent, Asia is bordered

by the Arctic Ocean on the north, Europe and the Mediterranean Sea on the west, the Indian Ocean

on the south, and the Pacific Ocean on the east. It includes all of the countries located east of a line from the northern part of the Ural Mountains to the Caspian Sea, and the Thrace or western or European part of Turkey. It also includes the island of Cyprus, and all countries bordering the eastern edge of the Mediterranean Sea, including most of Turkey.

ASIAASIA

**C.I.S. ASIA(COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDANT STATES)

SOUTHERN ASIA

SOUTHEASTERNASIA

FAR EAST

MIDDLE EAST

Cyprus, Bahrain, KuwaitCyprus, Bahrain, Kuwait, , Qatar,Turkey, Lebanon, Qatar,Turkey, Lebanon, Israel,Syria, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, Sultanate of Israel,Syria, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, Sultanate of Oman ,Yemen, and United Arab Emirates are all IATA area 2 Oman ,Yemen, and United Arab Emirates are all IATA area 2 along with Europe and Africa.along with Europe and Africa.

ASIAASIA

HONG KONG

SINGAPORE

CHINA

NORTH NORTH AMERICAAMERICA

The Arctic, Atlantic, and Pacific Oceans border it. It is barely connected to South America. North America includes Greenland, Canada, the United States, Mexico, Central America, Bermuda, the Bahamas, and the Caribbean Islands.

NORTH AMERICANORTH AMERICA

Bahamas Guatemala

Belize Honduras

Bermuda Mexico

Canada Nicaragua

Caribbean Islands Panama

Costa Rica The United States(incld. Hawaii & Alaska)

El SalvadorGreenland

Turks & Caicos

Canada and the United States are considered the same countrywhen working with fare rules.

Mexico

Canada

United States

NORTH AMERICANORTH AMERICA

AFRICAAFRICA

Bordered by the Mediterranean Sea,the Atlantic Ocean, and the IndianOcean, Africa includes all countrieslocated on the continent of Africa. Italso includes the islands of CapeVerde, Canary Islands, Madagascar,Zanzibar, and the Seychelles.

IATA considers Algeria, IATA considers Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia part of Morocco, and Tunisia part of

Europe when faring.Europe when faring.

AFRICAAFRICADESERTS Sahara, Namib, KalahariMOUNTAINS Kilimanjaro, Atlas , DrakensbergRIVERS Nile, Niger, Congo, ZambeziLAKES Lake Victoria, TanganyikaATTRACTIONS Sahara Desert, Game

Preserves, Nile River, Great Pyramids,

Sphinx, Abu Simbe, Great Mosque,

Aberdare National Park, Cape of Good Hope

AFRICAAFRICA

SOUTHSOUTH AMERICA AMERICA

Bordered by the Caribbean Sea, the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, and the Drake Passage. South America includes all countries in South America, the Galapagos Islands, and the Falkland Islands.

SOUTH AMERICA SOUTH AMERICA

COUNTRIES CAPITALS

Argentina Bolivia

Buenos Aires La Paz

Brazil Chile

Brasilia Santiago

Colombia Ecuador

Bogota Quito

French Guiana Guyana

Cayenne Georgetown

Paraguay Peru

Asuncion Lima

Suriname Uruguay

Paramaribo Montevideo

Venezuela Caracas

You will see the term ABCPU Countries used on many fare rules and fare exceptions. The ABCPU countries are: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay

Rio de Janeiro

Ingapirca Ruins in Ecuador

Javari River,Peru

SOUTH SOUTH AMERICAAMERICA

ANTARCTICA ANTARCTICA

The Atlantic and Pacific Oceans border it. Antarctica is approximately 2,700 miles across at its widest point. It is located at the southern part of the globe. It surrounds the South Pole with land covered by an ice mass up to 1 mile.

EUROPEEUROPE

Bordered by the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, the Mediterranean and Black Seas, and Asia, Europe is the second-smallest continent. It consists of Iceland, the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, the Faeroe Islands, and all countries located west of a line from the northern part of the Ural Mountains to the Caspian Sea, and the Thrace or western or European part of Turkey.

EUROPE

WESTERN EUROPE EASTERN EUROPE

BENELUX

IBERIAN

UNITED KINGDOM,

NORTHERNIRELAND

PENINSULA

SCANDINAVIA

&REPUBLIC OFIRELAND

Only Denmark, Norway, and Sweden are considered Scandinavia according to IATA.

EUROPEEUROPEVENICE

FRANCE

RUSSIA

MONACO

LONDON

AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA

Australia is the only continent that isalso a country. Timor and the ArafuraSea, the Indian and Pacific Oceans,and the Tasman Sea border it. It alsoconsists of Tasmania, the GreatBarrier Reef islands, Lord HoweIsland, and the islands in the BassStrait, King Island and the FurneausIslands.

AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIACapital: Canberra (CBR)

Australia is the only continent that is itsown country. It is also the largestcountry in the South Pacific. It is aboutthe size of the continental U.S.

Most North American visitors to Australiafeel at home here. Australia offerssimilar language, types of food, historicbackground, cleanliness and lifestyles.The amenities which make Australiaspecial are the rare animals (kangaroos,koala bears), different foods, and theAborigine culture.

Some of the best scuba diving andsnorkeling can be found in and aroundAustralia. Most of Australia resembles adesert, has red dirt, sand, and mountains.It also has a vast amount of cattle andsheep stations.

Pictures from country

There are three things to remember about Australia:They require everyone to have a visa.They are the only country currently issuing electronic visasIt is a great place to split the ticket for a lower fare.

AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA

GREAT BARRIER REEF KOALA

NEW ZEALANDNEW ZEALANDCapital: Wellington (WLG)

New Zealand lies in the

southwestern part of the South Pacific Ocean south of Australia. The entire country is about the size of Colorado. Not only is the entire country beautiful, it also has impressive mountains, expansive sea coasts, pure white sheep, deep sea fishing, lush farmland & excellent golfing.

NEW ZEALANDNEW ZEALAND

2

4

3

5

6

7

1

AsiaNorth America

Africa

South America

Antarctic

Europe

Australia

Name the continents

Largest Countries

A Straight line is not A Straight line is not the shortest way the shortest way

between two points.between two points.

62 of the world’s highest mountains are located in Asia. Some of the most prominent mountain ranges are:

ANDES ALPS

HIMALAYAS ROCKIES

                                                                   

Canadian Rockies

Rockies

Sierra Madres

Andes

Pyrenees Alps

Atlas

Himalayas

The Rift

ISLANDSISLANDSCaribbean (Antilles)

Bahamas

Oceania -include: HAWAII POLYNESIA MICRONESIA

Seychelles (SAY-Shells)

Maldives (MALL-dive)

Largest Islands

Seas & OceansSeas & Oceans

Pacific OceanAtlantic OceanIndian OceanArctic OceanMediterranean SeaCaribbean SeaSouth China SeaBering Sea

Sea - has two meanings: 1 Generic name for all the salt

water in the world.2 Smaller divisions of oceans,

such as the South China Sea in the Pacific Ocean.

Ocean - any one of the divisions of that vast expanse of salt water that covers the greater part of the globe’s surface.

– Here are the oceans and four of the seas in order of size:

SeasSeas

ReligionsReligions

IATA Area 1IATA Area 1

                                                                                                          

                                 

IATA Area 2IATA Area 2

IATA AREA 3IATA AREA 3

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