0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - language lab mittedlab.mit.edu/~dr/papers/rohdebsthesis.pdf ·  ·...

103

Upload: ngocong

Post on 09-Apr-2018

221 views

Category:

Documents


6 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

� ������������ ����� �������������������� � !"�#!$���%� &'�)(�*(+�-,��*.,��/��(+��������� � 0�� (�1��-�2��!3!3�-,*����*40��

��� �-(+�����

5687:9<;>=�?@BADCEAGFE68HJI8K

L-MON4PRQTSUQWV�X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt�c\PmP odpvu b�wxN4Pyf o c odp L"cx[zQ

S>_{[\N4P3rWPm|�bqc\[\ZEPm_j[ oqpO}~o ZE|4X4[\Pmc�VnwxS�Pm_�wyPbd_�][\N4Ps`Gc o t�czbqZ�S>_ }~o t�_jS>[eS>��PEV�[\X�]�S>PRQm�

`GceS>_�wyPm[ o _'�B_jS>��PmcyQTS>[��

`vceS>_�wxS>|�bgf�L$]j��S�Q o cR�OrWcR�G��b�wx�{�WPyf p bq_�]h8S>czQe[B�OPRb�]jPmcg��rWcR�G`vNjS�f~� o f>ZEPRQ

V�PRw o _�]{�OPRb�]jPmcR��rWcg�iLW_�]jc\Pm��L"|4|�Pyf

� bg�a�g�����

Page 2: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

w� }~o |j�jceS>t�Nn[�Yn��r o X4tqfUb�QB�v��M$�4� o N�]jP��R�����LBflf~�DS>t�Nj[zQB�OPRQePmcx��PR]

� |jf>PR]jt�P3Z3��N o _ o cB[\N�bq[O[\NjSUQ�[\N4PRQTSUQOc\Pm|4c\PRQ�Pm_n[zQ�Z3� o �B_�� o c\�S>_'b�wmw o cz]4bq_�wyP$��S�[xNa��_jS���PmczQTS>[e��c\Pmt�XjfUbq[eS o _�Qm�

SlS

Page 3: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

�   ¡ ¢�£�¤¦¥+¢

rWX�bgf>§¨|�bq[\Nj��bg� ZEPRwxN�bq_jSUQeZ�Q©N�bR��P�Y�PmPm_ pªo X4_�]�[ o X4_�]jPmceflS>P�b'�«bdceS>Pm[�� odp w o Z©|jf�Py¬ZEPm_n[ybgfs|4c o wyPRQ\QePRQm�#�OPRwyPm_n['| o QTS>[\c o _­PmZ3SUQ\QTS o _�[ o Z o t�czbq|4Nj�®Qe[\X�]�S>PRQ¯c\Pm��PRbgfs[\N�bd[QeX�w\N�b'Qe�4Qe[\PmZ�SUQ°S>_j� o f>��PR]/S>_�[\N4P|�Pmc p¨o c\Zbq_�wyP odp w o _�Qe[\cybgS>_4PR] � o cz]±b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _bq_�]^S�_/[\N4P3f>PRbqc\_jS>_4t'�BNjSUw\N b�wmw o ZE|�bq_jS>PRQ�c\Pm|�Pm[eS>[eS o _ oqp [\NjSUQ�[zb�Qe�<�²M�N4P3S>ZE| o cx[zbq_j[w\N�bqcyb�wy[\PmceSUQe[eSUwmQ oqp [\N4Ps[e� o |�bq[\Nj�Bbg�³QOw o ZE|4c�S�Q�S�_4t�[xN4P²Qe�4Qe[\PmZ�bqc\P$[\N�bd[ o _4P$SUQWc\PyfUbq§[eS>��Pyf>�´w o _n[\c o flf�PR]©�BNjSlf>P"[xN4P o [\N4PmcvS�Qvc\PyfUbq[eS>��Pyf>��bqX4[ o Z�bd[eSUwq�iMONjSUQOQe[\X�]j�3Py¬4|jf o c\PRQG[\N4P|4Nn�4QTS o f o t�� odp [xN4PRQeP"|�bd[\Nn�Bbg�4Q8S�_{]jPm[ybgSlfJbq_�]©|4c\PRQePm_j[zQOQePm��Pmczb«f o ceS>tqS>_�bgf<Py¬³|�PmceS>ZEPm_j[zQ]jPRQTS>t�_4PR]'[ o b�Q\wyPmc\[ybgS>_{[\N4P p X4_�wy[eS o _�Q oqp Q o ZEP odp [\N4PyS>csw o ZE| o _4Pm_j[zQm�WL-_jX4Z3Y�Pmc oqp|jf�bdX�QTS>Yjf�P©Z o ]jPyfUQ oqp [xN4P²w o ZE|jf>Pm[\PEQe�4Qe[\PmZ�bqc\P3]jPm��Pyf o |�PR]/bq_�] o _4P�SUQWPy¬µbqZ´S�_4PR]^S>_QTS>Z²XjfUbq[�S o _�S>_abE]j�j_�bqZ3SUw°bqc\[eSlk:wxSUbgfi_4PmX4czb«fi_4Pm[e� o c\�:�

SlSlS

Page 4: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

� ¥�¶¸· ¹»º ¼D½»¾ ¿À½ÂÁ ½Â·Ã¢�¡

ÄÆÅ�Ç<ÈDÉ+Ê�Ë�È~˵Ì\Ç:ÍjÎ�Ï.Å�Ð��b�wx�¯�"Pyf p bd_�]Ñ SÓÒ\bg�{�WXjf�fUbq|�b«f�flS� ��`Gbqc\Pm_j[zQÊ�Ë�ÈDË4Ì\Ç<ÍjÎdÏ8Å�ÐLW_�]jc\Pm�)LW|4|�Pyf`GNjSlfv� o f>ZEPRQÔ bd[��M.PmPm[\PmcÕsÇ�Î�Å�Ï.ÈDÐ�qXjflS�PEh8S>PmÖ��bdZEPRQ"� o X4�

LW_�]jc\PRb�.b�`GbqX4t�N��Pm_4ceS>Pm[\[zb©×+L�f�bd_a�<PyS>_4Pmc

�"P o c\t�P � Slflf�Pmc�dPyØJcxPm�{V�[ o _4PÙ±Ï.ÈDÏ.Å�ÐÚOÛ\ÜÝÜ�ÞRßáàsâ�ã¨Ûeä«ßåãâ<ßáæ\ßTç>ÞBè<ÛeéRêyÞmëìyãªßTêyãUëîíÝïñð�Ûeã¨çò�óRç�ë«ôBÛeéRõ

ö�óRÛeémÞyóRÛ<â:ßåémémëîçjòn÷eàøjÞRß.â�ëîÛeù�úeû�ùÓü�ú\ýjÛeéméR÷eé�ý�ùÓómþøjÞRß:â<û4ý°ÿ4ùÓämÞRÛ������������zú����

øjÞRß���û� �ì�����ÿ�çUçÝÛeómùîÜ4ôBßTÛeä«÷eéRçjâ�ëîæ\ëîç�ëî÷eé��óRÛeé~ð�Ûeùîêmß��

øjÞRß:ÚOÛeïyߨã¨ç����jøjÞR÷\çUß��jëîõGýj÷eü������4ßTÛeéyþRÛ\õ\ç

S>�

Page 5: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

� ¹ ·Ã¢*½Â·Ã¢�¡

��� ��!�"$#&%$! '(')'�*%,+�-�.0/21(35476&3�893:-7!;� ')<=?> -�!,"$.�47@ %$!,').&- =ACBEDGFIH !�@ 47'(35�J.LKNMO#0-�6�@�#06&3*#L-P4QM 3�#0"$-�'(-�6 R

S0TVU?W�X0Y[Z9\^]`_�\$a bGcedgf�X0hVYJY�ijcehkTVl&U�m^m$npoEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o rSLT�U^TVU stY�i`X0\0u�v2oEo[o[oEo[ojo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o nSLT�U^TwS bxY�v`yLh�i�vpoEo[o[oEo[ojo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o nSLT�U^Twr z{\^|�fhVy0v�d�\^| o[oEo[ojo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o }

S0TwS ~Ji`XLY�]j��Y�c$]�|0dV|0�$��]`Y�h�cei`Y�u�� ��W���i�y�u�dVY�v�o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o �S0TwrCW�X0YEbxY�hVdgce�0dVhVd�i��q\$a�� ��W�o[ojo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o m

RCM #L-�6&@�#06&3�#L-P4Q�[.�6&-�')!,'(<�3 H +�'(1(1 =�=r0TVU?�Jv`v`\0fd�cei`dV\�|po[o[oEo[o[oEo[ojo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o U^Ur0TwS �Jy�ceh��`b�\^y0i`YG�P]`\0fY�v�v`Y�vEdV|�z{\��^|0dVi`dV\�|�o[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o U,Sr0Twr ��Y�0dgf�c$h�c$|&u�z{\^��|0dVi�d��^YjbxY��0]`Y�v`Y�|�i�cei`dV\�|Lv�o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o U�n

� �j.&89� .&-�3:-7!;�N.0KG!,��3� �.&"�4¡�¢����.�%$'(#0!,').&- H�£ ��!,3�8 =5¤n�TVU?�J|:i�Y�]`dV\^]Gz{d�|L��y0h�c$i�Yjz{\^]`i`Y¥�¦o[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o U,§

n&T�U^TVU s¨c�©\�]���Y�v`dV\�|0vJoEo[ojo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o U,ªn&T�U^TwS ~Ji�X0Y�]j�5i`y�u�dVY�v¢oEo[ojo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o U,ªn&T�U^Twr �J|�c$i�\�«¢dgf�c$h�z{\^|0|0Y�fi�dV\�|0v�o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o U,�n&T�U^T n std�vf\�|&fY��0i�d�\^|0v�o[ojo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o U,mn&T�U^Tw} �5y0«*«�c$]`�¬o[o[oEo[ojo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o S^­

n�TwS ��Ya)iG�J\�]�v`\�h�cei`Y�]c$h���]�Ya)]`\^|�i�c$h�z{\�]�i`Y�®o[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o S^­n&T SLTVU ¯�|LX0dV�0dVi`dV\�|�\ea��GyLi`\�«�c$i�dgfJb�Y�v���\^|0v`Y�v�o[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o SLUn&T SLTwS stY�i`X0\0u�v{a(\�]G��]�\��0hVY�«���\�hV��dV|0��o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o SLU

Page 6: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

n&T SLTwr �5i`\�]c$�^Yj\eaP����«��&\�hVd�f�b�Y��L]`Y�v�Y�|�i�c$i�dV\�|0v�ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o S^Sn&T SLT n �7c$|0�^y�c$�^Yjce|�u¢Z9\�]�u°�Gv�v`\0fd�c$i�d�\^|?oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o S^Sn&T SLTw} �J|�c$i�\�«¢dgf�c$h�z{\^|0|0Y�fi�dV\�|0v�o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o S^rn&T SLTw§ �5y0«*«�c$]`�¬o[o[oEo[ojo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o S^r

n�Twr bxd��^X�i�z{Y�]`Y���Y�hVh�c$][±�Y�«¢dVv`�0X0Y�]`Y²o[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o Senn&T rLTVU ³&c�f¥d�hVdVi�cei`dV\�|2\$a���Y�c$]�|0dV|0�²o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o Senn&T rLTwS b�z[U^´���z�cev`Y[\$a ³0\0f�ceh�z{Y�]`Y���Y�hVh�c$][�[c$«�ce��Y�o[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o S^}n&T rLTwr �J|�c$i�\�«¢dgf�c$h�z{\^|0|0Y�fi�dV\�|0v�o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o S^ªn&T rLT n �5y0«*«�c$]`�¬o[o[oEo[ojo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o S^ª

n�T n µ{c$vc$h�¶Ece|0��hVd�c9o[oEo[o[oEo[ojo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o S^�n�Tw} ��Ya)iG�7\�v�i`Y�]�d�\^]�W�Y�«*�&\�]c$h�z{\�]`i�Y�·o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o r^­n�Tw§ ����hV��d�c$|�¯�|0v�y0h�c$]Gz{\�]�i`Y��o[ojo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o rLUn�Twª ��Ya)iGs�Y�u5dgceh��7�0i`]c$v`i�]`d�c$i�Y¸z{\�]�i`Y�¹o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o r^S

ºCF ��39�[.�89��1(3:!,3�»�.�473�1 R�R}0TVU¼z{\^«*�&\�|0Y�|�i�v�\ea�i`XLY¸����v`i�Y�« oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o r^r

}LT�U^TVU z{\^|�i`]`\^hVh�Y,u*b�Y�v`�&\�|0v�Y¸¶[Y�|0Y�]�c$i�dV\�|CoEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o r^r}LT�U^TwS �Jy0i`\^«�cei`d�f�b�Y�v���\^|0v`Yq�Gv`v�\0fd�c$i`dV\^|½oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o r^}}LT�U^Twr ��cei`X�¾¿c,��¯�|�i�Y�]�c^fi`dV\�|LvjoEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o r^§}LT�U^T n z{Y�]`Y��&Y�hVh�c$]G��]�]`\�][�JY�i`Y�f¥i`dV\�| o[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o r^ª}LT�U^Tw} stY�f�X�c$|0dVv�«�a)\^]��Jv`v�\5f¥dgcei`dV��YE��Y�c$]�|0dV|0�Àojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o r^�

}0TwSCW�X0YEs�\^v`iG��h�cey0v`dV�0hVYEz{\�«¢�0hVY�i`YGs�\0u�Y�h�vÁo[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o r^m}LT SLTVU st\5u5Y�h���oEo[o[oEo[ojo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o r^m}LT SLTwS st\5u5Y�h�µ�oEo[o[oEo[ojo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o n�­}LT SLTwr st\5u5Y�h�z�oEo[o[oEo[ojo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o n�­

¤ H ')8Â@�1)#0!,'�-�6�#û�.�473�1 �ÄA§0TVU¼�JY�v�d��^|*\eaPi�X0YEs�\0u�Y�hÅoEo[ojo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o n�S§0TwSCZ9\^]�u*bxY��0]�Y�v`Y�|�ic$i`dV\^|0v½o[ojo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o n�}

§LT SLTVU ³LY�cei`y0]�Y�k�^Y�fi�\�]jbxY��0]�Y�v`Y�|�ic$i`dV\^|0v�o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o n�§§LT SLTwS ÆO\5f�c$�0y0h�ce]`��\$a�i`X0Y2��dV«�y0h�c$i`dV\$|�o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o n�§

§0TwrC¯�«¢�0hVY�«*Y�|�ic$i`dV\^|¸\ea�i`XLYN�5d�«�yLhgcei`dV\�|�oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o n�m§0T n W�Y�v�i`dV|0��c$|�u�����ceh�y&c$i`dV\^|*o[ojo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o }^}

§LT n&TVU �P]`Y�u�d�fi�dV\�|0vGce|�u���X0\�]�i�f\^«*dV|0�^v¸o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o }^ªÇC�j.&- %$1(@ ��'(.�- ¤�È

ª0TVU?Z¡X&c$i�±Gc$vGÉx\�iGµOY�Y�|��[f�f\^«*�0hVdVv`X0Y,uÊo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o §^­ª0TwSCZ¡X&c$i�±Gc$vGµOY�Y�|9��y0�^��Y�v�i`Y�uËo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o §LU

��S

Page 7: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

ª0TwrCZ¡X&c$i�±Gc$vGµOY�Y�|Â�jf�f\�«¢�0hVd�v�X0Y�u�o[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o §^Sª0T n Z¡X&c$i{¯�vG��]`\^��\^v`Y�u o[oEo[ojo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o §^rª0Tw} z{hV\�v�dV|0�ÌbxY�«�ce]`_�v�o[o[oEo[ojo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o §en

�Í Î� F2Ï�F ��3� �.&"�4¡�*�,��.�%$'(#0!�'(.&- F 30��!�3�" ¤�ºÐ D <�#01(@�#0!�'(-�6�!,��3�Ñ¢� =ÓÒ "$3�3��*�,��.�%e')#L!�'(.�-ËÔ £ � .�!,��30��'�� ¤ Ç

µGTVU½s�Y�i`X0\0u�v�oEo[o[o[oEo[o[oEo[ojo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o §^�µGTwSÀbxY�v`y0hVi�vGc$|�u��JdVv�fy0v�v`dV\�|�o[ojo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o §^mµGTwrÀz{\^|�fhVy0v`dV\^| o[o[oEo[o[oEo[ojo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o ªen

� D�Õ � 3�"$'(893�-�! B "$.&� .���#L1 Ç�Çz[TVUÖ~J��Y�]�c$hVh��JY�v�d��^| oEo[o[oEo[ojo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o ª^�z[TwS×��Y,fi`dV\�|9U^´ ³0]�Y�Y[�Gv`v�\0fd�c$i`dV\^|ØoEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o �^­z[Twr×��Y,fi`dV\�|�SL´ z{\�|0v�i`]�cedV|0Y�u¢�Gv�v`\0fd�c$i�d�\^|Ùo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o �LUz[T nÚ��Y,fi`dV\�|�rL´ b�Y��&Y�c$iGÉx\�y0|LvEojo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o �^Sz[Tw}×��yL«*«�ce]`�¸ce|�u¢Z9\�]u*��dVv�i`vÙo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o �^S

ÛC�*�,��30�,��'(-�6�!,��3��°@�!,.&89#0!�'�% B #0!,��/E# £ Ü�º�2T�U�s�Y�i`X0\0u�v�oEo[o[o[oEo[o[oEo[ojo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o �^}

�2TVU�TVU×�5Y�fi`dV\^|ÃUÁo[o[oEo[ojo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o �^}�2TVU�TwSÝ�5Y�fi`dV\^|tSÍo[o[oEo[ojo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o �^§�2TVU�TwrÝ�5y0��©Y�fi�v�oEo[o[oEo[ojo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o �^ª

�2T S¬bxY�v`y0hVi�v¿o[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[oEo[ojo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o �^ª�2TwS0TVU×bxY�i`Y�|:i�dV\�|*\ea���i`Y�]�Y�\�i����&Y�u�bxY�v`�&\�|0v�Y�vÞojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o �^ª�2TwS0TwSÝbxY�v`�&\�|Lv`YEW�dV«*Y�o[ojo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o �^�

�2T r¬z{\^|�fhVy0v`dV\^| o[o[oEo[o[oEo[ojo[oEo[o[oEo[o[o[oEo[ojoqojo[o[oEo[o[oEo[o[ojoqojo[oEo[o[o[oEo[o[o m^­Ñ�3^K`3�"$3�- %$30� ß A

��S�S

Page 8: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

à áãâ·ä½åÂæ�ç è

é ·Ã¢�£*¹¸¾ ê ¥+¢�ëD¹ ·

MO� o$oqp [\N4PBZ o Qe[~b�wy[eS>��P�[\czb�]�S>[eS o _�Q�S�_|�Qe�4w\N o f o t�� o ��Pmc~[\N4PB|�b�Qe[~wyPm_n[xX4c\�3N�bR��PBY�PmPm_[\N4P"Qe[xX�]�S�PRQoqp � o cz]'b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _�bq_�] oqp b�QxQ o wxSUbq[�S���P3f>PRbqc\_jS>_4t���M8PRQe[zQ oqp � o cy]ab�Q\Q o wxS�bd[eS o _±N�bg��P°f o _4t{Y�PmPm_c\Pmtnbdcz]jPR]�b�Q~��S�_�] o �"Q�S�_j[ o [\N4P o cxtnbq_jS>ÖRbq[eS o _ oqpio X4c�f�S>_4t�XjSUQe[�S�w3bq_�]w o t�_jS>[eS>��P$Z©Pm_n[zb«fJ|4c o wyPRQ\Q�PRQm�ì o [ o _jf>��wmbd_®[\N4Pm� N4Pyf>| [ o c\Pm��PRbgf"[\N4P¯NjS�t�N4PRQe[Ef>Pm��PyfsQe[\cxX�wy[\X4c\P odp o X4c�QePmZ�bd_n[eSUw^c\Pm|�Pmc\[ o S>c\P��wxN�bqczb�wy[\Pmc�S�Q�[eSUwmQ odp _ o c\Z�bgf o c²]jPyk:wxS>Pm_j[²� o cy]±b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _�wmbq_�bgfUQ o QePmc\��PE[ o X4_�w o ��Pmcs[xN4PEf o �B§f>Pm��PyfG|4c o wyPRQxQTS>_4t�X4_�]jPmcef>��S>_4t�Z²X�wxN oqp fUbq_4t�X�bqt�Psbd_�][\N o X4t�Nj[R�L$Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS>��P�f>PRbqc\_jS>_4t�í�N�b�QDY�PmPm_[\N4P"[ o |jSUw oqp Z3X�wxNES>_j[\Pmc\PRQe[vS�_�[xN4POk�PyfU]4Q oqp |�Qe�4w\N o f o t���bq_�]

_4PmX4c o YjS o f o t����4|�bqc\[eSUwyXjfUbqcef>�©S>_�c\PyfUbq[�S o _�[ o bq_jS>Z�bgf.Y�PmN�bg��S o cR� ì Pm��Pmc\[\N4Pyf>PRQ\Qm�jS>[Bbq|4|�PRbqczQG[ o |jfUbg��bp X4_�]4bqZEPm_j[zbgf:c o f>PBS>_NnX4Z�bd_�Y�PmN�bR��S o cBb�QG�OPyflfá�~MON4P$Qe[\X�]j� oqp QePm��PmcybgfJ]�S>��PmczQ�P b�Q�|�PRwy[zQ oqp NjX4Z�bq_w o t�_jS>[eS o _.�<QeX�wxNab�Q�ZEPmZ o c\���µZ o [ o cDf>PRbqc\_jS>_4t��<bq_�] f�bd_4t�X�bqt�P$c\PRw o t�_jS>[eS o _.��N�bg��P$cxPm|�PRbq[\PR]�f>�']�S�Q�§w o ��Pmc\PR]�[\N4POPy¬nSUQe[\Pm_�wyP oqp ]jX�b«f�§¨|�bd[\Nn�Bbg�$ZEPRwxN�bq_jSUQeZ�Qm�gS>_3�BNjSUwxNE[e� o |4c o wyPRQ\QTS>_4t3Qe[\c\PRbqZQ�S>_n[\Pmcyb�wy[S>_'[\N4Ps|�Pmc pªo c\Z�bq_�wyP oqp w o ZE|jf>Py¬aZ©Pm_n[zb«fi[zb�Qe�4QBbq_�]^Y�PmN�bg��S o czQm� � [BSUQ$bw o ZEZ o _{]�S�Q�[eS>_4t�XjSUQeNjS>_4tp PRbq[\X4c\P odp [xN4PRQeP�|�bd[\Nn�Bbg�4QW[\N�bq[ o _4PESUQ°c\PyfUbq[eS>��Pyf>��w o _n[xc o flf>PR]±�BN4PmcxPRb�Q°[\N4P o [\N4Pmc°SUQ°c\PyfUbq[eS>��Pyf>�b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS>��P��<bqX4[ o Z�bq[eSUwq� o c p PmPR]j§ pªo cx��bdcz]<�WV�X�w\N'QTS>ZE|jf>P�b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS>��P�f>PRbqc\_jS>_4t{ZEPRwxN�bq_jSUQeZ�Q�[\NjX�Qbq|4|�PRbqcB[ o Y�P²b3|4c�S�Zbqc\�Y4XjS�fU]�S>_4t�§¨Yjf o wx� p¨o cOZ�bq_j��b�Qe|�PRwy[yQ oqp NjS�t�N4PmcBf>Pm��Pyf~w o t�_jS>[eS o _.�L c\PRwyPm_n[©| o QTS>[\c o _�PmZ3SUQ\QTS o _�[ o Z o t�czbd|4Nn��Q�[\X�]j��w o _�]jX�wy[\PR]%Yn� �BbgSUw\Njf>P'Pm[Ebgfá�ïîz�R����ð�ñ bq[

[\N4PE��_jS���PmczQTS>[e� oqp[ò b�QeNjS>_4t�[ o _aN�b�QBc\Pm��PRbgf>PR]'[\N4PEbq|4|�bqc\Pm_j[WPy¬nSUQe[\Pm_�wyP oqp [e� o _4PmX4czbgfG|�bq[\Nj�Bbg�³QX4_�]jPmcef>��S�_4t¯[\N4Ps|�Pmc p¨o c\Z�bq_�wyP oqp S�[xPmczbq[eS>��P3w o _�Qe[\czb«S�_4PR]¯� o cz]�b�Q\Q o wxS�bd[eS o _.�2óB_4P²QePm[ oqp Y4czbgS>_'c\Pm§tqS o _�QñN�b�QñY�PmPm_ p¨o X4_�]3[ o Y�P"Q�Pyf�PRwy[�S���Pyf��b�wy[eS>��PB]jX4ceS>_4t²b�QxQ o wxSUbq[�S o _²[ o c\PyfUbq[eS>��Pyf>�3_4Pm�®Qe[eS>Z3Xjf�S.bq_�]bq_ o [xN4Pmc~QePm[~N�b�QvY�PmPm_ pªo X4_�]3[ o Y�PRw o ZEPOS>_�wyc\PRb�QTS>_4tqf>��b�wy[eS>��P o _�wyP"QeX4Y4ÒePRwy[zQ~bdc\PO��Pyflf p bqZ´S�flSUbqceS>ÖmPR]ôõ�ö�ö�÷�ø�ùVú$û�ùVü�ý{þ�ý�ú$ÿ���ù���������� ������ ����������������� � ������� �"!#����� ��$!%����� ����&'���������)(��� ���*�$��)�$+,��&��-�&'���.�0/%�������*�$���&������������$���1��23���4�$�'�15)�6���$7� ����8��$�������4�&'��9.��+�2:��.� �;�� &�� �����<

Page 9: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;EGF�HJI6K�C�EML NPO =�C7IQL K R

�OS>[\N[\N4POflSUQe[ oqp Qe[eS>Z3XjflSå�OMON4PRQeP$bq|4|�PRbqc~[ o w o c\c\PRQ�| o _�]©[ o b�Z o c\P o cGf>PRQ\QOw o _j[\c o flf>PR]bq_�]Eb$Z o c\Po cOf>PRQ\QWb�]4bq|4[�S���Psbq_�]�b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS>��P°|�bq[\Nj��bg����c\PRQe|�PRwy[�S���Pyf����u PRwmbqX�Q�P²[xN4P´`"S~M­[\PRwxN4_jSUT�X4PEN�b�Q$Q�S�Z3Xjf>[zbq_4P o X�QTf>�{SU]jPm_j[eSlk�PR]�b©_jX4Z²Y�Pmc oqp w o ZE| o _4Pm_j[zQ�S>_4§

� o f>��PR]aS�_/[\N4PRQeP3|�bq[\Nj�BbR�4Qm�<b�Q o |4| o QePR]'[ o f>PRQTS o _ Qe[\X�]�S>PRQsbq_�] o [\N4Pmc$ZEPm[\N o ]4QW�BNjSUwxN�bqc\P o _jf>�bqYjf>PW[ o$p¨o wyX�Q o _�bsQ�S�_4tdf�Psbdc\PRb4���OPBN�bg��PWbq_ES>ZEZ©PR]�S�bd[\P o |4| o c\[xX4_jS�[e�E[ o PmZ3Y�bqc\� o _�bq_3S>_4§á]jPm|4[\NQe[\X�]j� oqp [xN4P�w o ZE|jf>Pm[\P p X4_�wy[eS o _�bgf�bdczw\NjS>[\PRwy[xX4c\P oqp [\NjSUQ�|4c o wyPRQxQm� � _ o cz]jPmc$[ o tnbgS>_ p Xjflf�X4_�]jPmcx§Qe[zbd_�]�S�_4t oqp [\N4P$� o c\��S>_4tnQ oqp QeX�wxN{b3c\PyfUbq[eS>��Pyf>�aQ�S�Z©|jf�P°��Pm[BXjf>[eS>Z�bq[xPyf��'w o ZE|jf>Py¬aQe�4Qe[\PmZ»b�QO[\N�bq[QeX4Y�QePmcx��S>_4tE� o cz]©b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _�bq_�]3|4czb�wy[�S�wyPm§¨cxPyf�bd[\PR]©f>PRbqc\_jS>_4t��4�OPBZ3X�Qe[Bwmbqc\cx� o X4[�bsw ojo cz]�S>_�bq[xPR]wmbqZE|�b«S�t�_ oqp c\PRQePRbqczwxN.�{hµX4_�]4bqZEPm_j[zbgf�[ o QeX�wxN®bq_±Pm_�]jPRbg� o c°SUQ°[\N4P�]jPRQTS>t�_®bq_�] QTS>Z²XjfUbq[�S o _ oqpZ o ]jPyfUQG�BNjSUwxN�Q\bq[eSUQ p �sbgflf��j_ o ��_ o ciNj�n| o [\N4PRQTS>ÖmPR]w o _�Qe[\cybgS>_n[zQñbq_�]°�BN o Q�P�Q�[\c\X�wy[\X4c\PO�OSlflfJQ�X4t�t�PRQe[| o Q\QTS>Yjf>P"b�]4]�S>[eS o _�bgf�w o _�Qe[\cybgS>_n[zQ8[\N�bq[8Z�bg�$Y�P~��PmceSlk�PR] o c�]�SUQe|4c o ��PR]�Yn� p X4c\[\N4PmcñPy¬4|�PmceS>ZEPm_j[zbq[eS o _.�M�N4Pst o b«f odp [\N4Ps|4c\PRQ�Pm_n[$Qe[\X�]j���Bb�QO[ o [zbq��P$[xN4P$k�czQe[$Qe[\Pm|�Q�_4PRwyPRQ\Q\bdc\�S>_Æw o _�Qe[\c\X�wy[eS>_4t�bq_�]

QTS>Z3XjfUbq[eS>_4t®QeX�wxN b/Z o ]jPyfWVq� � [�Y�Pmtnbq_.�O[\N4PmcxP pªo cxP{�OS>[\N b QePRbqczwxN oqp [\N4P¯flS>[\Pmczbq[\X4cxPa[ybqc\t�Pm[eS>_4tbgflf.c\Pyf>Pm�«bq_j[OS>_ p¨o c\Z�bq[�S o _{w o _�wyPmc\_jS>_4t�[xN4P"|4c o |�Pmc\[eS>PRQ odp PRb�wxN��n_ o �B_�w o ZE| o _4Pm_n[ oqp [\N4PsQe�4Qe[\PmZ{�L�f�[xN o X4t�N3S>_ p¨o c\Z�bq[�S���P��q[\NjSUQ8f�PRbg��PRQv[\N4PBQe|�b�wyP oqp | o Q\Q�S�Yjf>PBZ o ]jPyfUQ~Q o c\Pyf>�3X4_�]jPmczw o _�Qe[\cybgS>_4PR]<�~MON4P_4Py¬4[�Q�[\Pm|��Bb�QG[\NjX�QD[ o ]jPRQTS>t�_{bq_�]wmbqc\c\� o X4[Bb p Pm��� o cz]Eb�QxQ o wxSUbq[�S o _4§¨Y�b�QePR]�Py¬4|�Pmc�S�Z©Pm_n[zQ �4�OS>[\N[\N4PWS>_j[\Pm_n[ oqp Y�Pm[\[\PmcOS>_j[\Pmc\|4c\Pm[�S�_4t|4c\Pm��S o X�QDk�_�]�S>_4tnQ$bq_�] oqp t�Pm_4Pmczbq[eS>_4t�b�]4]�S�[�S o _�bgfvw o _�Qe[\czbgS>_j[zQm���S>��Pm_{[\N4P3Qe[eSlflf��qb�Qe[$bqc\czbg� odp | o Q\QTS>YjSlflS�[�SUPRQm�.[xN4Ps|4c o wyPRQ\Q oqp ]jPRQTS>t�_jS>_4t�|jfUbqX�QTS>Yjf>PEZ o ]jPyf�Q�SUQWb

]�S�X wyXjf>[ o _4P°S�_�]jPmPR]<�L p [xPmc$Pm_nX4ZEPmcybq[eS>_4tflS���Pyf��/ZEPRw\N�bd_jS�Q�Z�Q p¨o c$[\N4PE|4c�S�Zbqc\�aw o ZE| o _4Pm_j[zQ oqp[\N4P$Qe�4Qe[\PmZ{�j[\N4P$Qe[\c\X�wy[xX4c\PRQ oqp [\N4c\PmPWc\PyfUbq[eS>��Pyf>�{w o Z©|jf�Pm[xP$Z o ]jPyfUQON�bg��P�Y�PmPm_ o X4[eflS�_4PR]<�µ�OS>[\N�[\N4PS>_n[xPm_n[W[\N�bq[B[xN4Pm��Z�bg� QePmcx��P²b�Q�[\N4P p¨o wyX�Q odpip X4[\X4c\P�S�_4§á]jPm|4[xNÆQ�[\X�]j���BL+Nj�nY4c�S�] oqp [e� o²odp [\N4PRQePZ o ]jPyfUQGN�b�QñY�PmPm_ QTS>Z3XjfUbq[\PR]°S>_�b$]j�j_�bqZ3SUwWbqc\[eSlk:wxSUbgf�_4PmX4czb«f�_4Pm[�� o cx�:�ñMONjSUQ~QTS>Z3XjfUbq[eS o _©S�QGbdYjf�PW[ oZ o ]jPyf�NjX4Z�bq_¯|�Pmc p¨o c\Zbq_�wyP o _{b©_jX4Z²Y�Pmc odp [zb�Qe�³Q � � [zQ"Q�N o c\[zw o Z´S�_4tjQBbqc\P3bq|4|�bqc\Pm_j[R�4N o �OPm��PmcR�bq_�]�Q o ZEP$_4PRwyPRQ\Q\bqcx�S�Z©|4c o ��PmZEPm_j[zQObqc\PsQeX4t�t�PRQe[\PR]<�L�_jX4Z3Y�Pmc odp S>_n[xPmc\PRQe[eS>_4t3c\PRQeXjf>[zQvN�bR��P"]jPmceS>��PR] p c o Z+[\NjSUQGZEPyfU]�S>_4t oqp _4PmX4c o Q\wxS>Pm_�wyP��4|�Qe�4wxN o f>§

o t����jbq_�]Ew o Z©|4X4[\PmcBQ\wxS>Pm_�wyP�� ì o [ñf>PRb�Qe[BbqZ o _4ts[\N4PmZ S�QD[\N4P�S�Z©|jf�SUwmbq[�S o _ oqp Y o [\NE[\N4P"wyPmcxPmY�Pyflf>X4Zbq_�]/[\N4P�Y�b�Q\b«f�tnbq_4tdf�SUb4��f o _4t±c\Pmtnbqcy]jPR]�b�Q°|4X4c\Pyf>�ZY*[�\�[)]Ebqc\PRb�Qm�Gb�Q p X4_�]4bqZEPm_j[zbgf"w o ZE| o _4Pm_j[zQoqp [\N4P$��Pmc\Y�b«fi|4c o wyPRQ\QTS>_4t bd_�]{b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS>��PWf>PRbqcx_jS�_4t{Q��³Qe[xPmZ�Qm� � o Qe["QTS>t�_jSlk:wmbq_j[ef>����N o �OPm��Pmcg�4[\NjSUQ[\N4PRQTSUQWX4_�]jPmczQxw o c\PRQ�[\N4P²bqYjSlflS>[e� oqp w o Z©|4X4[zbq[eS o _�bgfñZ o ]jPyflflS>_4t{[ o |4c o ��S�]jP3bEc�S�t o c o X�Q p czbqZ©Pm� o c\�p¨o c"_4PmX4c o YjS o f o tqSUwmbgf�Q�[\X�]j�{�OS>[\NjS>_ �BNjSUw\N'[ o Y�Pm[\[\PmcWS>_j[\Pmc\|4c\Pm[$|4ceS o c$cxPRQeXjf>[zQ$bq_�]¯�OS>[\N±�BNjSUwxN±[ o|jfUbq_ab©w o _�wyPmc\[\PR]^PyØ o c\[ pªo c p X4[\X4c\P$c\PRQ�PRbqczwxN.�

^�_%� ����� (�� ��� &�&��,�� `-�`-�����a&����B&������cbJ÷$d$ýþ�/e�1�1�7����!f���;&��g�@����� ����` &��)���7!f���$� ��/e�.��hi!#���j�@�2��&����@�a/%�,�1���M&�� �&�������ö�ù�b;keþ�ú$û�ùV÷��7/e�1�1�a����!#���e&����$��2@` ��2�'���$�l�m��� �&����&'�4�$&'�������$!a������g�"� ��� ���f<

Page 10: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

à áãâ·ä½åÂæ�ç n

o p q r ¢�ê ¾ ëD½»¡ ¹ts u ¤ · ¿ ê ¤�¿ ½ ¤ · ¾

u ½»¤ £ · ëB· ¿

` o QTS>[\c o _�PmZ´S�QxQTS o _®[ o Z o t�czbd|4Nn��î�`"S~M2ñWSUQEb¯c\PRwyPm_j[ef>� ]jPm��Pyf o |�PR]*[\PRw\N4_jSWT�X4P p¨o cEQe[\X�]j��S>_4t±[\N4Pp X4_�wy[eS o _�bgf bq_�bd[ o Z3� oqp [\N4P�Y4czbgS>_.�®M�N4P{|4c o wyPRQ\Q3c\PyflS>PRQ o _®[\N4P�[xczb�wx��S>_4t oqp f o ��f>Pm��PyfUQ oqp czbq§]�S o b�wy[eS>��P í$v óB§Ýf�bdY�Pyf>PR]'�Bbq[\PmcR��[\N�bq[BN�b�Q~Y�PmPm_¯S�_qÒePRwy[\PR] S�_j[ o [xN4PsQeX4Y4ÒePRwy[ wîQDYjf ono ]{Qe[xc\PRbqZ{� � _¯[\N4Pp b�Qe[ p¨o c\Z oqp [\NjSUQs[xPRw\N4_jSWT�X4P���]4bd[zbZ3X�Qe[$Y�P�w o flf>PRwy[\PR] o ��Pmcsb^|�PmceS o ] odp bqY o X4[*ðyx�Q�PRw o _�]4Qm� � [SUQ"bdc\t�X4PR]Yj��|4c o | o _4Pm_j[zQ oqp `;SDM�[\N�bq[O[\N4P o Y�QePmc\��PR] f�Pm��Pyf�Q oqp czb�]�S o b�wy[�S���S>[e�ES>_{Y4cybgS>_�SUQ\QeX4P3bqc\PflS>_4PRbqcef>��w o c\cxPyf�bd[\PR]°�OS>[\NEYjf ono ]3z o �ïî��BPmcyQ\w o ��S>[zwxN.� � bqc\�jN�bqZ{�q×��BbgSUwxNjf�P��<�R�|{�}m~�h o ¬²× � S>_j[\X4_.��R��{��&ñz� � [vSUQ p X4c\[xN4Pmc~QeX4t�t�PRQe[xPR]3[\N�bq[8S>_�wyc\PRb�QePR]3Yjf ojo ]�z o �±SUQv[\N4POc\PRQeXjf>[ oqp S>_�wyc\PRb�QePR]3Z©Pm[zbqY o f�SUQeZbq_�]©SUQ�S�_�]�SUwmbq[�S���P odp ZEPm_j[zbgfib�wy[�S���S>[e�¹î��8b�Q\QePm_.� � _4t��«bdcR��×�V���S>_4Na�yÒm�i�R���-{&ñz�ñMON4PRQePWSUQ\QeX4PRQ��OSlflf�Y�P]�SUQ\wyX�Q\QePR] p X4c\[\N4PmcOS>_/V�PRwy[eS o _�R4��}4�L�c\PRwyPm_j[²`"S~M�Qe[\X�]j�'Yn� � bqczwyX�Q°�BbgSUwxNjf�P{bd_�]�w o flf>PRbqt�X4PRQ3bq[°[\N4P ò b�QeNjS>_4t�[ o _���_jS>��PmczQTS>[e�

VnwxN ono f oqp � PR]�S�wxS>_4P�î��Bb«S�wxNjf>P'Pm[ bgfá�>�$�g����ð�ñ$N�b�QEQ�Pmc\��PR]®b�Q3[\N4P p¨o X4_�]4bq[�S o _ p¨o cE[\NjSUQ©c\PRQePRbqczwxNPyØ o c\[R�

�g�.� ���g��� �@�e���@�±(����$���i���������� �.��� �@���� _{b pªo f�f o �B§¨X4|{Qe[xX�]j�E[ o � o cx�´]�S>c\PRwy[xPR]�Yj��V�[\Pm��Pm_�`ñPm[\PmczQePm_ î�`ñPm[\PmcyQePm_EPm[Bbgfá�>�<�R��{��Äñz���BbgSUwxNjf�P°Pm[bgfá�GX�QePR]�`"S~M*[ o SU]jPm_n[�S p ��[\N o Q�P bqcxPRb�Q oqp [\N4P$Y4czb«S�_{b�wy[eS>��PWS>_�[\N4P$�«bqc�S o X�QO|4N�b�QePRQ odp QeX�wmwyPRQ\QTS>��P��w o _�Qe[xczbgS>_4PR]� o cz]Eb�QxQ o wxSUbq[�S o _.�OV�X4Y4ÒePRwy[zQO�OPmc\PW|4c\PRQePm_j[\PR]E��SUQeX�bgflf>���OS>[\NflSUQe[zQ oqp8p bqZ´S�flSUbqcB_ o X4_�Qm�h o cGPRb�w\N3_ o X4_.��[\N4Pm�3�OPmc\PBb�Qe��PR]°[ o c\PRQ�| o _�]3��S�[xN�bq_Ebq|4|4c o |4c�S�bd[\PB��Pmc\Y.�GMON4POc\PRQ�PRbqczwxN4PmczQ p¨o X4_�][\N�bq[g��b�QWQeX4Y4ÒePRwy[zQBcxPm|�PRbq[\PR]�f>�¯|�Pmc p¨o c\ZEPR]^[\N4Ps[yb�Qe� o _{[\N4P3Q\bqZEP3Qe[eS>Z3Xjf>X�Q�f�SUQe[g�:Q o ZEPsc\PmtdS o _�Q oqp

}

Page 11: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E��mH�A;D@CZ ¡CMO7N@I6D� ¢L £J¤%?@K¦¥§O¨?3¥�D�?@K@N�¤%D;?@E�K:I6K�¥ ð

[\N4P$Y4czb«S�_¯Y�PRwmbqZ©PWf�PRQxQ"b�wy[�S���Psbq_�] o [\N4PmczQDZ o c\PsQ o �G��| o _¯|4c\PRQePm_j[eS>_4tE[\N4PsQeX4Y4ÒePRwy[zQO��S�[xN{b3_4Pm�flSUQe[ oqp Qe[�S�Z3XjflSá�jY4czbgS>_ b�wy[eS>��S>[e�3c\Pm��Pmc\[\PR]´[ o S>[zQ o c�S�tdS�_�b«fJw o _jk�t�X4cybq[eS o _.�GMON4PWc\PRQePRbqczwxN4PmczQGw o _�wxf>X�]jP[\N�bq[O[\N4PWSU]jPm_j[eSlk�PR]¯c\PmtqS o _�QWw o _�Qe[eS>[\X4[\P$[e� o |4c o wyPRQ\Q�S�_4t�Qe[\cxPRbqZ�Qm� o _4P$Z o c\Psb�wy[eS>��Ps]jX4ceS>_4tE_�b«S���P|�Pmc pªo cxZ�bq_�wyP oqp [\N4P�[zb�Qe�Ebq_�]3[xN4P o [\N4PmcDZ o c\PBb�wy[eS>��P�S>_�|4cyb�wy[eSUwyPR]E|�Pmc p¨o c\Z�bq_�wyP�� � [GSUQD_4PRwyPRQ\Q\bqc\�[ o [ybq��P$bEwxf o QePmc�f ojo ��bq[B[\N4PyS>cBZ©Pm[\N o ] o f o t��{bq_�]c\PRQeXjf>[zQ �

©¨ª�«%ª�« ¬ Ë4Î�­~ÏGÉDÐV�X4Y4ÒePRwy[zQW�OPmc\P3|4c\PRQePm_j[\PR]'��SUQeX�bgflf>�±�OS>[\N'flSUQe[zQ oqp ðyx©_ o X4_�Q°bq[sbczbq[\P oqp ���î��QePRw o _�]4QW|�Pmcs� o cz]<�S~b�w\N c\X4_�[\N4c o X4t�N�[\N4P p XjflfBflSUQe[©S�Q´�n_ o �B_�b�Q3b�®�¯�[�°�±«� � _�[\N4P²]$³�´m³.µ�\@¶e[)·¸¶a¹s[zb�Qe�:�v[\N4Pm�±�OPmc\Pb�Qe��PR]'[ o QTS>ZE|jf>� c\Pm|�PRbq[°[\N4PE� o cz]4QW|4cxPRQePm_n[xPR]<� � _±[xN4P»º|³�¶¡³,]$µ�\�³*¼)³�] ®�¹W[zb�Qe�<�.[\N4Pm�'�OPmc\P�b�Qe��PR][ o cxPRQe| o _�]¯�OS>[\N'bq_ab�wy[eS o _�� o cz]�[xN�bq["]jPRQ\wyceS>Y�PRQW�BN�bq[B[\N4P°|4c\PRQePm_j[\PR]¯_ o X4_{Z´S�t�Nn["] oo cW�BN�bq[S>[�Z´S�t�Nn[Y�P'X�QePR] p¨o cR� MON4P^k�czQe[|�Pmc p¨o c\Z�bd_�wyP odp t�Pm_4Pmcybq[\P{��Pmc\Y�QE�Bb�Q©�j_ o ��_®b�QE[xN4P½¶¡µ�¾W¼)³w o _�]�S>[eS o _.�±MON4P©[\Pm_n[xN�|�Pmc pªo c\Z�bq_�wyP o _±[\N4P�Q\bqZ©P3flS�Q�[ oqp _ o X4_�Q°�Bb�Q$�j_ o �B_�b�Q°[\N4P�´¿]lµ|° \'¾�°.³�Àw o _�]�S>[eS o _.�^V�X4Y4Ò�PRwy[yQ$�OPmc\PEQeX4Y�QeP T�X4Pm_n[�f��±b�Q���PR]'[ o |�Pmc p¨o c\Z ��Pmc\Y±b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _ o _±b_4Pm�+flSUQe[ oqp_ o X4_�Qm�DMONjSUQB�Bb�QD�j_ o ��_{b�QO[\N4P�¶e[)¼-³�¯³w o _�]�S�[�S o _.�� _abq_�b«f��jÖyS>_4t�[xN4Ps]4bq[zb4��`"S~M*S>Z�bdt�PRQ p¨o cBPRb�wxN{w o _�]�S>[eS o _'�OPmc\Psbg��Pmczbqt�PR] o ��PmcO[\N4P3QeX4Y4ÒePRwy[zQm�

b�Q�SUQ3_4PRwyPRQ\Q\bdc\�'S>_�[\N4P�`;S~M�ZEPm[xN o ] o f o t���� � _ o cz]jPmc3[ o ]jPm[\PmcxZ3S>_4P��BN4Pmc\P{wxN�bq_4t�PRQ oqp b�wy[�S��j§S>[e� o wmwyX4cxc\PR]<�ñ[\N4c\PmP�QeX4Y4[\czb�wy[�S o _�Qs�OPmc\P©|�Pmc p¨o c\ZEPR]<��S�Zbqt�PRQ p c o Z _ o X4_ c\Pm|�Pm[eS>[eS o _�[yb�Qe�4Q$�OPmc\PQeX4Y4[\cyb�wy[\PR] p c o ZÃ[\N4P¯S>Z�bqt�PRQ p c o ZÃ[\N4P{_�bgS>��P��W|4czb�wy[eSUwyPR]<�"bq_�]*_ o ��Pyf w o _�]�S>[eS o _�Q � u b�QePR] o _[\N4PyS>c$PRbqceflS>PmcscxPRQeXjf>[zQ¢î�`ñPm[\PmczQ�Pm_aPm[$bgfá�>�G�R�|{��&ñz�µk���PEbqc\PRb�Q oqp [\N4P3Y4czb«S�_'�OPmc\PEwxN o QePm_ pªo c p¨o wyX�Q�PR]bq_�bgf>�4QTSUQm�{MON4PRQ�P�c\PmtdS o _�Q$�OPmc\PE[\N4P©f>P p [°|4c\P p c o _j[zbgf�w o c\[xPy¬J�ñ[\N4P�bd_n[\Pmc�S o c²wxS>_4t�XjfUbq[\P{w o cx[\Py¬J�8[\N4PQe��f>��SUbq_4§ÝS>_�QeXjfUbqc3w o c\[eSUwyPRQOYjSlfUbq[\Pmczb«f�f>���.bq_�][xN4PsceS>t�Nj["wyPmc\PmY�Pyf�fUbqc$N4PmZ´S�Q�|4N4Pmc\P��M�N4PyS�c°Py¬µb�wy[sZEPm[\N o ] o f o t��¯SUQ°|4c\PRQePm_j[\PR]ÆS�_ Z o cxP´]jPm[ybgSlf�Yj�±�BbgSUwxNjf�P�Pm[3bgfá�©S�_ [\N4P o ceS>tqS>_�bgf

|�bq|�PmcR�

©¨ª�«%ª�© Á Ë�Ð-Â"èÎ�Ðò N4Pmc\PRb�QO[xN4P$��Pmc\Y{b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _¯[zb�Qe�´S�Q�S>_jS>[eSUbgflf��'czbd[\N4PmcB]�S4X�wyXjf�[$��N4Pm_aQe[eS>Z3XjflS�bqc\P$|4cxPRQePm_n[xPR]{bq[[\N4P�w o _�QTSU]jPmczbqYjf>P�czbq[\P oqp ���î��QePRw o _�]4Qs|�Pmcs� o cz]<�<[xN4P�bg��Pmczbqt�P3c\PRQ�| o _�QeP[eS>ZEPRQ oqp [\N4PQeX4Y4ÒePRwy[zQQe[\PRb�]�S�f>�©S>ZE|4c o ��PR]�OS>[\N�|4czb�wy[eSUwyP��~MON4P$[eS>ZEPRQ p¨o cO[\N4P$|4czb�wy[eSUwyPR]�w o _�]�S>[eS o _¯�OPmc\P bd|4|4c o ¬nS>Z�bq[xPyf��R��¸Ä p b�Q�[\Pmc"[xN�bq_�[\N o QeP pªo c"[\N4P°_�bgS>��P²w o _�]�S�[�S o _.� � o �OPm��PmcR�4[\N4P°[eS>ZEPRQ pªo cW[\N4P°_�bgS>��P²bq_�]¯_ o ��Pyfw o _�]�S>[eS o _�Q°]�S�]/_ o [s]�SlØ.PmcsQTS>t�_jSlk:wmbq_j[ef>��� }~o S>_�wxSU]jPm_j[s�OS>[\N±[xN4P´]jPRwycxPRb�QeP3S>_±c\PRb�wy[eS o _'[eS>ZEPRQ$�Bb�Q

Page 12: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E��mH�A;D@CZ ¡CMO7N@I6D� ¢L £J¤%?@K¦¥§O¨?3¥�D�?@K@N�¤%D;?@E�K:I6K�¥ �

bq_^S�_�wycxPRb�QeP3S>_'[\N4Ps|�PmczwyPm_j[ oqp ¹Q\�³,]$³.[�\'Å�´m³.À$cxPRQe| o _�Q�PRQWt�Pm_4Pmczbq[\PR] í � � _'[\N4P3|4czb�wy[�S�wyPR]'w o _�]�S>[eS o _.�bq|4|4c o ¬jS>Z�bq[\Pyf>�Æ{¸��Ä oqp [\N4PscxPRQe| o _�Q�PRQB�OPmc\P3Qe[\Pmc\P o [e�j|�PR]<��b�Q"w o Z©|�bqc\PR]�OS>[\NÇ�-R¸Ä S�_'[\N4P$_�b«S���Pw o _�]�S>[eS o _.�� o Q�[OS>_n[\PmcxPRQe[eS>_4t��.N o �OPm��PmcR�<bqc\P°[\N4P3c\PRQeXjf>[zQ p c o Z#[\N4PE`;SDM)bq_�b«f��4QePRQm�°h o X4c$c\PmtdS o _�Q oqp [\N4P

Y4czbgS>_E�OPmc\P pªo X4_�]3[ o Y�PBZ o c\P�b�wy[�S���P~S>_E[xN4P�_�b«S���P"bq_�]°_ o ��Pyfµw o _�]�S�[�S o _�QG[\N�bq_°S>_EPyS>[\N4PmcD[\N4PO|4czb�wy§[eSUwyPR] o cWc\Pm|�PRbq["_ o X4_�Q$w o _�]�S>[eS o _�Qm�3MON4PRQeP$S>_�wxf>X�]jP[\N4PPµ)¶¡\�³,].¾�[)]*°�¾'¶�º�·�¯�µ�\�³g��[\N4PP¯�³�È�\É´a]$³�È�]$[)¶¡\�µ�¯l�[\N4PM]�¾fº)Êy\�°�³�]$³-®³ ¯'¯�µ)]m��bq_�]3[\N4P�¯�³�È�\m´m[)¹Q\�³,].¾�[)]B\�³,Y@´�[)]$µ�¯e°�[)]Q\'¾�°�³�¹m�iMO� o bqc\PRb�Qm��N o �OPm��PmcR�q�OPmc\PBZ o c\Pb�wy[eS>��P°S>_'[\N4P3c\Pm|�PRbd["_ o X4_�Q$bd_�]{|4cyb�wy[eSUwyPR]'w o _�]�S>[eS o _�Q$[\N�bd_�S>_±[\N4P°_�bgS>��P o c"_ o ��Pyf~w o _�]�S>[eS o _�Qm�MON4PRQePWS>_�wxf>X�]jPE[\N4P�¹�Å�¯�¼ ¾�µ)¶Æ¾'¶a¹�·�¯�µ)]M°�[)]Q\'¾�°�³�¹g®�¾�¯4µ|\�³�]$µ�¯'¯�Åsbq_�][xN4P*¯4³ËÈQ\7Y*³�À)¾�µ�¯%³�Ì)\']$µ)¹Q\']�¾�µ�\�³�°.[)]�\�³�Ìq�h8S>t�X4c\P�WSlf�f>X�Qe[xczbq[\PRQW[\N4P�f o wmbq[�S o _�Q oqp [\N4PRQeP°c\PmtqS o _�Q��OS>[\NjS>_'[\N4P$Y4czbgS>_.�OL+ZEPmc\PWk p [\PmPm_¯Z3S>_nX4[\PRQoqp |4czb�wy[eSUwyP pªo f�f o �OS>_4t�[\N4P3_�bgS>��P�w o _�]�S�[�S o _±�Bb�Q"Q�X¸X wxS>Pm_n[$[ o c\Pm_�]jPmc°[\N4P3Y4czbgS>_±b�wy[eS>��S>[e�a]jX4c�S�_4t��Pmc\Yb�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _©S�_�]�SUQe[�S�_4t�XjS�Q�N�bqYjfUP p c o Z+[\N�bq[O]jX4ceS>_4tE[\N4PBc\Pm|�PRbq[O_ o X4_�QD[zb�Qe�<��b�QD]jPmZ o _�Qe[\cybq[\PR]S>_ah8S>t�X4c\PgRµ�

©¨ª�«%ªWÍ Î Ï8È~ÍmÃ�ÂDÐ)ÏáÏ.Èh4c o Z)[xN4PRQePBc\PRQeXjf>[zQ ���BbgSUw\Njf>PWPm[~bgfá�Gw o _�wxf>X�]jP"[\N�bd[i[e� o |�bd[\Nn�Bbg�4Q.Z3X�Qe[ñPy¬nSUQe[ pªo ci��PmcxY�bgf³cxPRQe| o _�Q�PQePyf>PRwy[eS o _.�<b0°.[)¶e\']$[�¯W¯�³�ÀB|�bq[xNn�Bbg� pªo c o |�Pmcybq[eS>_4t o __4Pm� � o cz]4QDbq_�]�bq_²µ)¹.¹�[ °,¾Ðµ|\'¾W¼)³ o cMµ)·�\�[�Y�µ|\'¾Ð°|�bq[\Nj�Bbg� b�wy[�S���P p¨o c p bdZ3Slf�SUbqc°� o cz]4Qm� u PRwmbqX�QeP3[\N4P3c\PRQeXjf>[zQ o _a[xN4P²_�b«S���P´w o _�]�S�[�S o _±�OPmc\PsPRQ\Q�Pm_4§[eSUbgflf>�'S>_�]�SUQe[eS>_4t�XjSUQeN�bqYjf>P p c o Z#[\N o Q�P o _±[\N4P3_ o ��Pyfvw o _�]�S�[�S o _.�.S>[3QePmPmZ�Q$bq|4|�bqcxPm_n[$[\N�bd[$�BN�bq[�S�QY�PyS>_4t f>PRbqc\_4PR]%SUQ©_ o [�[xN4P{��Pmc\Y®b�Q\Q o wxS�bd[eS o _�[zb�Qe�/S>_®t�Pm_4Pmczb«få��MON4P�f>PRbqcx_jS�_4t��"bq_�]*b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[\PR]wxN�bq_4t�PRQDS>_{Y4cybgS>_ab�wy[eS>��S>[�����bq|4|�PRbqcW[ o Y�P3Qe[eS>Z3Xjf>X�Q"]jPm|�Pm_�]jPm_n[R���bgSUw\Njf>P$Pm[�b«få� p X4c\[xN4Pmc~c\Xjf>P o X4[~[\N4P�Nn�j| o [xN4PRQTSUQO[\N�bq[G[\N4P o Y�QePmcx��PR]°f>PRbqc\_jS>_4tEPyØ.PRwy[zQDw o XjfU]EY�P

]jX4P3[ o S�Z©|4c o ��PmZEPm_j[zQDS>_±[\N4P°Z o [ o c�|4c o wyPRQxQePRQ pªo c"Qe|�PRbd��S>_4t�[\N4P3c\PRQe| o _�QePRQm�WMON4PEQeX4Y4[\czb�wy[eS o _�Qoqp [\N4P$c\Pm|�PRbq["_ o X4_�QBw o _�]�S>[eS o _�Q p c o Z�[\N4P$��Pmc\Y{b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _'w o _�]�S>[eS o _�Q o X4t�Nn[�[ o PyflS>Z3S>_�bq[\P3[\N4P|4c\PRQePm_�wyP oqp f o �B§Ýf>Pm��Pyf~b�wy[eS>��S>[��c\PRQe| o _�QTS>Yjf>P pªo c�c\PRb�]�S>_4t�[xN4PsQe[eS>Z3Xjf�S o cBQe|�PRbq��S>_4t�[\N4P$cxPRQe| o _�Q�PRQm�b�Q�[\N4Ps|4c o wyPRQ\Q�S�_4t�cxP T�XjS>c\PR]^SUQB|4cxPRQeX4ZEPR]¯[ o Y�PsSU]jPm_j[eSUwmbgf�bqZ o _4t�bgflfvw o _�]�S�[�S o _�Qm�$h4X4c\[\N4PmcxZ o c\P��_ o QTS>t�_jSlk:wmbq_j[ wxN�bq_4t�PRQD�OPmc\P o Y�QePmc\��PR]©S>_�[\N4P$Qe|�PmPRw\N'QePm_�Q o c\� o cOZ o [ o cObqc\PRb�Q ��M�N4P"c\PRQ�PRbqczwxN4PmczQ[\NjX�Q"w o _�wxf�X�]jP[\N�bq[WQeX4Y4ÒePRwy[zQm�;Ñm]�SU]¯_ o [�f�PRbdc\_'[ o QxbR��[xN4P²� o cy]4QB|�PmcsQeP���Y4X4[$cybq[\N4Pmc�f�PRbdc\_4PR]'[ oQePyf>PRwy[$bq_{bgf>c\PRb�]j�f>PRbqc\_4PR]^� o cz] o _�[\N4PsY�b�QTSUQ oqp Qe[eS>Z3Xjf�X�Q�§¨c\PRQe| o _�QePEb�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _�Qm��Ò� _®QeX4ZEZ�bdc\���~[xN4P{bq_n[xPmceS o c�wxS>_4t�XjfUbq[\P'w o c\[\Py¬�î�b }B} ñz�<f>P p [�|4c\P p c o _j[zbgfBw o c\[\Py¬�î�`Dh } ñy�.ceS>t�Nj[

wyPmc\PmY�Pyf�fUbqcON4PmZ3SUQe|4N4PmcxP��³bd_�]s[xN4P~f>P p [~| o Qe[\PmceS o cG[xPmZE| o cybgfµw o c\[eSUwyPRQ[î¨f>|�M } ñibq|4|�PRbqcG[ o Y�POS>_n� o f���PR]ô�Ó¨�*��������4�&��@�� � ��5-�����*+�2*Ô%�����������M��&j�l�f<*�$qö�û�ý�ÿ(ý`÷$ûUÕ�Ö:ý�d7�1!%��& /%�$"($��9����×+�2��@�� +�Ø�����&"���*�����`-��� ��M&��g�`-���&'�������4���/e�.���@�.�g�&e���$��&¨Ù"�$!a&���� ÚlÛ"` ���������&��&'���.�3+�������h��<

Page 13: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E��mH�A;D@CZ ¡CMO7N@I6D� ¢L £J¤%?@K¦¥§O¨?3¥�D�?@K@N�¤%D;?@E�K:I6K�¥ Ü

h8S>t�X4c\P'��� � flf�X�Q�[\czbq[eS o _ odp w o c\[eSUwmbgfOc\PmtqS o _�QE]�SUQ\wyX�QxQePR]/S>_�[\N4P�[\Py¬4[R�a��Pm|4c o ]jX�wyPR] p c o Z h8S>PmÖ{×`ñPm[\PmczQ�Pm_Ëîz�R����}Äñz�

Page 14: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E��mH�A;D@CZ ¡CMO7N@I6D� ¢L £J¤%?@K¦¥§O¨?3¥�D�?@K@N�¤%D;?@E�K:I6K�¥ �

h8S>t�X4c\P�R4�ñ`;S~M QeX4Y4[\cyb�wy[eS o _°S>Z�bqt�PRQGQeN o �OS>_4t$bqc\PRb�Q odp ¾W¶e°�]$³.µ�¹Q³�ÀGYjf ono ]|z o ��îá[ o |�ñy�«bq_�]0À�³�°�]$³�µ)¹�³.ÀYjf ono ]|z o �ÊîTY o [\[ o Z9ñz�ñ�OPm|4c o ]jX�wyPR] p c o Z#�BbgSUw\Njf>P3Pm["bgfá�[îy�R����ð�ñy�

Page 15: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E��mH�A;D@CZ ¡CMO7N@I6D� ¢L £J¤%?@K¦¥§O¨?3¥�D�?@K@N�¤%D;?@E�K:I6K�¥ {

S>_ b¯w o _j[\c o flf>PR] |�bq[\Nj�BbR���.wmbd|�bqYjf>P oqp |4c o ]jX�wxS>_4t�b�Q\Q o wxS�bd[\PRQ$[ o � o cz]4Q$��NjS�wxN�bqc\PE_ o [ p bdZ3Slf�SUbqcS>_�[\N4P�w o _n[xPy¬³[ oqp [\N4P{wyX4c\cxPm_n[3[zb�Q��:�{M�N4P{Qe��f>��SUbq_ S>_�QeXjfUbqc�w o c\[xPy¬�î\V � } ñ�bd_�]±[\N4P©f>P p [©ZEPR]�SUbgfPy¬4[\czb�Qe[xceSUbq[\Paw o c\[\Py¬Ùîåf�Z0S } ñz� o _�[\N4P o [\N4Pmc�N�bq_�]<�$bq|4|�PRbdc�[ o Y�P'S>_n� o f>��PR]*S>_)bq_)bdX4[ o Z�bq[�S�w|�bq[\Nj�Bbg��wmbq|�bqYjf>P odp c\Pm|4c o ]jX�wxS>_4tc\PRwyPm_n[�f��f>PRbqcx_4PR]{b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[\PRQ �

�g��� ���%�g�;�+�P�"���ÉÝi�QÝiÞ����e�;�$� �e�;ß2�®� � !B�Éàgߦ��;áL$wmw o cz]�S>_4t�[ o �"b«S�PmcWPm["bgfá�[îy�R���4��ñy�³`"S~M Q�[\X�]�S>PRQBN�bg��P$c\Pm��PRbgf>PR]�_4Pmtnbq[�S���Psw o c\c\PyfUbq[eS o _�Q�Y�Pm[e�OPmPm_[zb�Q��E|�Pmc p¨o c\Zbq_�wyP bd_�]Y4czbgS>_�ZEPm[zbqY o flSUQeZ o _�b°_nX4Z3Y�Pmc oqp b�]4]�S>[eS o _�bgfiw o t�_jS�[�S���Ps[zb�Q��³Qm�8L"Z o _4to [\N4PmcyQm�q[\N4PRQePDS>_�wxf>X�]jP"[\PRQ�[zQ odp ��Pmc\Y�bgf¸z�X4Pm_�wy�Ebq_�]°[\N4P ò PRw\N�Q�f�PmcDL ]jXjf>[ � _n[\PyflflS>t�Pm_�wyP3Vnwmbgf>P��~�WbgS>PmcPm[Ebgfá�±QeX4t�t�PRQ�[²[xN�bq[3[\N4PRQeP_4Pmtnbq[eS>��P�w o c\c\PyfUbq[�S o _�QEbqc\P[\N4Pc\PRQeXjf>[ oqp b k�_4Pm§¨[\X4_jS>_4t�Z©PRw\N�bq_jSUQeZYj�±�BNjSUw\N�[xN4P�Y4czbgS>_�Q oqp Py¬4|�PmceS>Pm_�wyPR]�QeX4Y4ÒePRwy[zQ p X4_�wy[�S o _�Z o c\PP�X wxS>Pm_n[�f�� [\N�bq_ [\N o Q�P oqp | ojo c|�Pmc pªo cxZEPmczQm�� _ o cz]jPmcB[ o Y4XjSlfU] o _�[\NjSUQOPm��SU]jPm_�wyP��.�WbgS>PmcBPm["bgfá�G|�Pmc p¨o c\ZEPR]�b3Qe[\X�]j� oqp b�wy[eS>�«bd[eS o _{w\N�bd_4t�PRQ

Y4c o X4t�Nn[EbqY o X4[3Yn�'S>ZE|4c o ��PmZEPm_n[3�OS>[\N |4czb�wy[�S�wyP o _�[\N4P{M8Pm[\ceSUQ3w o ZE|4X4[xPmc²tjbqZEP��'LWZ o _4t'[\N4Pbqc\PRb�QWS>_���NjS�wxN�[\N4Pm� p¨o X4_�]/ZEPm[zbqY o flSUw�]jPRwyc\PRb�QePRQ°�OS>[\N�|4cyb�wy[eSUwyP��OPmc\PE[\N4P©f>P p [ p c o _j[zbgf�w o c\[xPy¬J�[\N4Pf>P p [�b }B} �Gbq_�] [xN4P�ceS>t�Nn[3| o Qe[\PmceS o cwyPmc\PmY�PyflfUbqc�N4PmZ3SUQe|4N4Pmc\P��*MON4PRQeP�[\N4c\PmP�cxPmtqS o _�QEwxf o QePyf>�Z�bq[yw\N¯[\N o QeP�S�]jPm_j[eSlk�PR]'Yj�{�BbgSUwxNjf�P©Pm[ bgfá�Wb�Q"w o _�Qe[eS>[\X4Pm_j[zQ oqp [\N4PEw o _n[xc o flf>PR]{|�bd[\Nn�Bbg�©S�_'� o cz]b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _.� � [OSUQ�S�_j[\Pmc\PRQ�[eS>_4tE[ o w o _qÒePRwy[\X4c\P$[xN�bq[O[\N4Pm��ZbR�Y�PWS>_j� o f>��PR] S�_'wxS>czwyXjS>[zQ"Q�X4Y�QePmc\��S�_4tw o _j[\c o flf>PR]�Y�PmN�bg��S o c�S>_{�«bdceS o X�QOc\PyfUbq[eS>��Pyf>�¯X4_ p bqZ´S�flSUbqc$] o Z�bgS>_�Qm�L*t�Pm_4Pmczbgf<ZEPRwxN�bq_jSUQeZ p¨o c~|�Pmc p¨o c\Z�bq_�wyP�S�Z©|4c o ��PmZEPm_j[ñS�_NjX4Z�bq_�w o t�_jS�[�S o _EZ�bg�3c\Pyf>� o _E[\N4P

]jPm��Pyf o |4ZEPm_j[ oqp QTS>ZE|jf>Psb�QxQ o wxSUbq[xPRQm�D�"czb�]jX�b«f�f>���4[xN4P"ZEPRwxN�bq_jSUQeZ�QOQeX4Y�Q�Pmc\��S>_4tE[xN4PRQeP b�Q\Q o wxS�bd[eS o _�QY�PmtdS�_©[ o |jfUbR�Eb�Z o c\PBb�wy[�S���PBc o f>PDS>_Ec\PRQe| o _�QePB|4c o ]jX�wy[eS o _.��c\Pm|jfUb�wxS>_4t²[xN4P�Z o c\PBw o Qe[ef>�3w o _n[xc o flf>PR]|�bq[\Nj�Bbg�³Qm� � _E[xNjS�Q�flS�t�Nn[R�j�OPOZ3S>t�Nj[~��S�Pm�*[\N4POS>ZE|4c o ��PmZ©Pm_n[vS�_M.Pm[\c�S�Qv|�Pmc p¨o c\Zbq_�wyP"b�QDbWc\PRQeXjf>[ oqpb�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _�Q$]jPm��Pyf o |jS�_4t¯Y�Pm[e�OPmPm_'c\Pm|�PRbq[xPR]�f��'Pm_�w o X4_j[\Pmc\PR]¯tnbdZEP²Qe[ybq[\PRQWbq_�]{QeX�wmwyPRQxQ p Xjf~Z o [ o cc\PRQe| o _�QePRQm�� o �OPm��PmcR�<w o _n[xczb�]�SUwy[ o c\�¯Pm��SU]jPm_�wyP�] o PRQ�Py¬nSUQe[g� � _±b{`"S~M+Qe[\X�]j�^S>_n� o f���S>_4t'_ o c\Z�bgfGNjX4Z�bq_

QeX4Y4ÒePRwy[zQ°|�Pmc pªo cxZ3S>_4t�b¯|4X4czQeXjS>[Ec o [ o cs[zb�Qe� V �D�"czb p [ o _±Pm[�bgfá��îz�R����R&ñ p¨o X4_�] o _jf>��¾'¶¡°,]$³.µ)¹�³�¹�S>_c\PyfUbq[eS>��P3wyPmc\PmY4czbgfGYjf ono ]âz o � �OS>[\N{|4cyb�wy[eSUwyP���óB_4P°| o Q\Q�S�Yjf>PEPy¬4|jfUbq_�bq[eS o _ p¨o cB[\NjSUQ�_nXjflfñk�_�]�S>_4tS�Q[\N�bq[g�³b�QO[\N4P²bdX4[\N o czQOb�wx�n_ o �Of>PR]jt�P��<QeX4Y4ÒePRwy[zQON�b�]_ o ["b�wxNjS>Pm��PR]'w o ZE|jf>Pm[\P²bdX4[ o Z�bq[�S�wxS>[e�Yn�[\N4PPm_�] oqp [xN4P$[zb�Qe�<� ò S>[\N�Z o c\PW|4czb�wy[eSUwyP��4ZEPm[ybqY o flSUws]jPRwycxPRb�QePRQDZ3S>t�Nj[BN�bg��P"Y�PmPm_ o Y�Q�Pmc\��PR] o _�[\N4P^�ã � &�� �7` ���������&e����&��.�e&���h)�Q���+�Ø����6&�%����%����ä����������@&���h.����`B�7�&'2���� e��������� �&����&e�6����&���6&¿/e��&��B�7&����(.��&å�����l�&�������æ�"����9.���9���� (M�,���h)<

Page 16: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E��mH�A;D@CZ ¡CMO7N@I6D� ¢L £J¤%?@K¦¥§O¨?3¥�D�?@K@N�¤%D;?@E�K:I6K�¥ �

|4X4czQeXjS>[W[zb�Qe�<�LW_�bgf>[\Pmc\_�bq[eS>��P�Py¬4|jfUbq_�bq[eS o _ SUQ3[xN�bq[3[\N4P�|4X4cyQeXjS>[Ec o [ o cs[zb�Q��±N�b�Q p X4_�]4bdZEPm_n[ybgflf��®]�SlØ.Pmc\Pm_j[

|4c o wyPRQ\QTS>_4t{cxP T�XjS>c\PmZEPm_j[zQW[\N�bd_aPyS>[\N4Pmc°[\N4P²M8Pm[\ceSUQ o c"� o cy]{b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _'[zb�Qe�³Q � � _'|�bqc\[�S�wyXjfUbqcg�<S>[SUQ$| o Q\QTS>Yjf>P�[xN�bq[$[\N4P3|4X4czQeXjS>[s[yb�Qe�awmbd_4_ o [$Y�PEY4c o ��Pm_¯S>_n[ o w o ZEZ o _jf>�'Pm_�w o X4_j[\Pmc\PR] p czbqZEPRQ p¨o c�BNjSUwxN®b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[\PRQsw o Xjf�] Y�Pf>PRbqc\_4PR]<�'MON4P Q�Z ono [\N�Z o [ o c$Y�PmN�bR��S o czQ°_4PRwyPRQ\Q\bdc\� p¨o cEQeX�wmwyPRQ\Q p Xjf|4X4czQeXjS>[WZ�bg�Ec\Pyf>� o _{]�SUQe[eS>_�wy[$Z o [ o c\§Ýf>PRbqc\_jS>_4tEZ©PRw\N�bq_jSUQeZQm�L�f>[\N o X4t�N©[\NjSUQ~Nj�j| o [\N4PRQ�S�QvSUQDPm_n[�S�cxPyf��w o _qÒ�PRwy[xX4czbgfá��S�[DczbgSUQePRQD[\N4PB| o Q\QTS>YjSlflS>[���[xN�bq[GZEPm[\N o ]4Q oqp

NjX4Z�bq_E|4czb�wy[eSUwyPR]j§¨Y�b�QePR]©f>PRbqc\_jS>_4tEZ3S>t�Nj[ p bgflf�S>_j[ o b°]�SUQ\wyc\Pm[\P$_jX4Z3Y�Pmc odp wxfUb�QxQePRQm�jPRb�wxN�QeX4Y�QePmc\��PR]Yj��bq_ bq_�bq[ o Z3SUwmbgflf>��cxPyf�bd[\PR]*ZEPRw\N�bd_jS�Q�Z{��M�NjS�Q^Z o ]jPyf$f�S>PRQ^S>_ o |4| o Q�S�[�S o _)[ o o _4P¯S>_ �BNjSUwxN]�SlØ.Pmc\Pm_n[W] o Z�bgS>_�Q oqp f>PRbqcx_jS�_4t��:QeX�wxN{b�QO��Pmc\Y�bgfá�4Z�bq[xN4PmZ�bq[eSUwmbgfá� o c�Z o [ o cg�nZ´S�t�Nn[BY�Ps|�Pmc pªo c\ZEPR]|4ceS>Z�bqc�S�f>� Yn� bq_�bq[ o Z´S�wmb«f�f>��]�SUQe[�S�_�wy[©c\PmtqS o _�Qm� � _�[xN4PEfUbq[\[xPmc²Z o ]jPyfá�GZEPRwxN�bq_jSUQeZ�Q p¨o c$f>PRbqcx_jS�_4t� o XjfU]�Y�P$f o wmb«f�S>ÖmPR]'[ o PRb�wxN oqp [\N4PRQeP3] o Z�bgS>_aQ�|�PRwxSlk:w3c\PmtqS o _�Q � � _{[\N4P pªo cxZEPmcBZ o ]jPyfá�:w o Z©Z o _î�bgf>[\N o X4t�N�|�Pmc\N�bd|�QOf o wmbgflf��']�SUQe[eS>_�wy[$ñDf�PRbdc\_jS>_4t�|�bq[xNn�Bbg�³QD� o XjfU] p X4_�wy[eS o _^S�_¯Z3Xjf�[�S�|jf>PE] o Z�b«S�_�Q �

�g��ç ���g��(��;��$��è��$�$��yéê�B�'�*���rWPRQe|jS>[\PW[\N4PB[\cxPmZEPm_�] o X�Q~b�]j�«bq_�wyP�S>_ o X4cObqYjSlflS�[e�E[ o Qe[\X�]j�3[\N4P p X4_�wy[eS o _�b«f8bd_�bq[ o Z3� oqp [\N4PBY4cybgS>_|4c o ��S�]jPR]¯Yj�S>Z�bqtqS>_4t�[\PRwxN4_jSWT�X4PRQ$QeX�wxN±b�QB`"S~M$���OPsZ3X�Qe[OS>_j[\Pmc\|4c\Pm[$[\N4P°c\PRQeXjf>[zQ�[\NjX�Q o Y4[ybgS>_4PR]�OS>[\N�]jX4PswmbqX4[eS o _.�GL$QD_ o [\PR]<�j[\N4P$`;SDM®Qe[\cybq[\Pmt��3t�Pm_4Pmczb«f�f>�c\PyflS>PRQ o _[\N4P Q�X4Y4[\czb�wy[eS o _ oqp S>Z�bdt�PRQo Y4[zb«S�_4PR]*]jX4ceS>_4t�[\N4P{|�Pmc p¨o c\Z�bq_�wyP oqp QeX�wmwyPRQ\QTS>��Pyf>��Z o c\P{w o ZE|jf>Py¬®[zb�Qe�4Qm��MON4P{c\PyflSUbqYjSlflS>[�� oqp[\NjSUQEQeX4Y4[xczb�wy[eS o _ [\PRwxN4_jSUT�X4P{N�b�QsY�PmPm_®wmbgflf>PR] S>_n[ o T�X4PRQe[eS o _�Yj��Q o ZEPEcxPRQePRbqczwxN4PmczQÂî\V�[xPmc\_nY�Pmc\t���R��Ü��&ñz� } f>PRbqcef>����Zbq_n�{b�Q\QeX4ZE|4[eS o _�QWbqc\PWS>_j� o f>��PR]^S>_'|�Pmc p¨o c\Z3S>_4t�b�Q�X4Y4[\czb�wy[eS o _'bq_�]{wmbdc\PsZ3X�Qe[Y�P°[zbq��S>_4t3S>_a]jPRQTS>t�_jS>_4t{bq|4|4c o |4ceSUbq[\P$Py¬4|�PmceS>ZEPm_j[zQWbq_�]S>_�S>_j[\Pmc\|4c\Pm[�S�_4t�bq_j�Ec\PRQeXjf>[zQ �

Sv��Pm_��BN�bq['bq|4|�PRbqcyQ[ o Y�P�b�QTS>ZE|jf>P S>_�wyc\PRb�QeP'S>_�[zb�Qe��]�S�X wyXjf>[���w o XjfU] c\PRQ�Xjf�[^S>_ Z�bqÒ o cwxN�bq_4t�PRQDS>_�|4c o wyPRQ\QTS>_4t�bq[Df o �OPmcOf>Pm��PyfUQ oqp [\N4P$[zb�Qe�ENjS>PmczbqczwxNj����h o cOPy¬µbqZ©|jf�P����BbgSUw\Njf>P3Pm[Bbgfá�Gc\Pyf>�o _ [\N4P�QeX4Y4[\czb�wy[�S o _ oqp � o cz]'c\PRb�]�S>_4t p c o Z � o cz]±b�QxQ o wxSUbq[�S o _.� ò P wmbd_4_ o [Eb�Q\QeX4ZEP��ñN o �OPm��PmcR�[\N�bq[Obgflf oqp [\N4PW|4c o wyPRQ\QePRQ oqp c\PRb�]�S>_4t3[\N4P"Q�[eS>Z²Xjf>X�QO� o cy]²bdc\PBSU]jPm_j[eSUwmbgf<S>_�Y o [\N[zb�Qe�4QGbq_�]©�OSlf�f.Y�Pwxf>PRbq_jf>�aQeX4Y4[xczb�wy[\PR] o X4[R�OMON4Pmc\P$SUQ$QeX4Y�Q�[zbq_j[eSUbgfiPm��S�]jPm_�wyP©[\N�bq["QTS>ZE|jf>�¯c\PRb�]�S>_4t b©� o cz] o X4[�f o X�]S>_n� o f>��PRQO]�S�Ø.Pmc\Pm_j[~|�bd[\Nn�Bbg�4Q p c o Z+c\PRb�]�S>_4tEbW� o cz] p¨o c~b�]4]�S>[eS o _�bgfiQePmZ�bd_n[eSUwO|4c o wyPRQ\Q�S�_4tÂîáL�flf>| o c\[צhµX4_4_4Pyflfå�3�R�|{4��~B��X4ZE|4N4c\Pm�4Q�×ëSG��Pm[\[R�W�R��{��m~ � w } bdc\[\Nj� × ò bqc\ceS>_4t�[ o _.�$�R��{�ð¿~ � PRQ�Xjf�bdZ{��R���|x&ñz� ò P�Z3X�Qe[°[\N4Pmc\P p¨o c\Pc\PmZ�bgS>_ o |�Pm_�[ o Q�X�w\N | o QxQTS>YjS�flS>[eSUPRQ��N4Pm_�c\Pyf>��S>_4t o _�QeX4Y4[\cyb�wy[eS o _[\PRwxN4_jSWT�X4PRQm�L QePRw o _�]*SUQ\Q�X4P o ��Pmc���NjS�wxN [ o T�X4PRQe[eS o _­[\N4P±`;S~M#Z©Pm[\N o ] o f o t���SUQ�[xN4PÆbd[\[\ceS>Y4X4[eS o _�Q oqp

Page 17: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E��mH�A;D@CZ ¡CMO7N@I6D� ¢L £J¤%?@K¦¥§O¨?3¥�D�?@K@N�¤%D;?@E�K:I6K�¥ � x

S>_�wyc\PRb�QePRQ©S>_�czb�]�S o b�wy[eS>��S>[e�®[ o S>_�wyc\PRb�QePRQ©S>_�_4PmX4czbgf$ZEPm[zbdY o flSUQeZ{��S�_�wycxPRb�QePRQ©S>_ ZEPm[zbdY o flSUQeZ [ oS>_�wyc\PRb�QePRQ8S>_Eb�wy[eS>��S>[����jbq_�]WS>_�wyc\PRb�QePRQ8S>_�b�wy[eS>��S�[e�$[ o S>_�wyc\PRb�QePRQ8S>_°f>Pm��PyfUQ oqp S>_ p¨o c\Z�bd[eS o _s|4c o wyPRQ\QTS>_4t��L$wmw o cz]�S>_4tE[ o �.b�Q\QePm_Pm[�b«få�Nîz�R�¸�-{Äñz�q�«bqc�S o X�QGflS>_4PRQ oqp Pm��SU]jPm_�wyPsw o c\c o Y o cybq[\PB[\N4PWPy¬jS�Q�[\Pm_�wyP oqp [\N4Pk�czQe[�[�� o c\PyfUbq[eS o _�Q�NjS�|�Q �

ì Pm��Pmc\[xN4Pyf�PRQxQm�.bgf>[\N o X4t�N¯S>[WSUQWt�Pm_4Pmczbgflf>�±b�Q\QeX4Z©PR]{Yj��[\N4P3_4PmX4c o QxwxS�Pm_�wyPw o ZEZ3X4_jS>[��¯[ o Y�PEb| o S�_j[ oqpWp b�wy[R�G[\N4P�w o c\cxPyf�bd[eS o _®Y�Pm[��OPmPm_ S>_�wyc\PRb�Q�PRQ°S>_®_4PmX4czbgf$b�wy[eS>��S>[e��bq_�]/S>_�wyc\PRb�QePRQ3S>_%f�Pm��Pyf�Qoqp S>_ p¨o c\Z�bq[�S o _®|4c o wyPRQ\QTS>_4t��OS>[\NjS>_ b±_4PmX4cybgf _4Pm[e� o c\� c\PmZ�b«S�_�Q o |�Pm_�[ o T�X4PRQ�[eS o _.� ò P'Z3X�Qe[Pm_j[\Pmc\[zbgS>_±[xN4PE| o QxQTS>YjS�flS>[e��[xN�bq[$NjS>t�Njf>��b�wy[eS>��PEcxPmtqS o _�Q$Z�bg�¯Y�P©S�_j� o f>��PR]ÆS>_±[\N4PEPRbdcef>�ÆQ�[zbqt�PRQ oqpp X4_�wy[eS o _�bgf~f>PRbqcx_jS�_4t���LB[s[xN�bq[$| o S>_j[R�ñN o ��Pm��PmcR�.[\N4PyS>cEb�wy[eS>��S>[��'Z�bg�¯c\P�z�PRwy[EbfUbqc\t�P©|4c o | o c\[eS o _oqp _ o SUQeP��<| o Q\QTS>Yjf>�±b�QWbEc\PRQ�Xjf�[ odp S�Z©|4c o |�Pmc�f��±w o _j[\c o f�f>PR]'Qe[eS>Z3XjfUbq[eS o _4§áQe[�S�Z3XjfUbq[eS o _Æf ojo |�Qm� ò S>[\NS>_�wyc\PRb�QePR] bqYjSlflS>[�� [ o |�Pmc pªo c\Z b^[zb�Qe�¯|4c o |�Pmc�f���� o ��Pmczbgflf�b�wy[eS>��S�[e�±ZbR�']jPRwyc\PRb�QeP�b�Q�Py¬³[\cybq_4P o X�Qm�_ o SUQe��Y�PmN�bR��S o cOSUQ�c\PR]jX�wyPR]<�M o Z²�*�n_ o �Of>PR]jt�P��$QeX�wxN)b/ZEPRwxN�bq_jSUQeZ N�b�Q_4Pm��Pmc{Y�PmPm_ S�]jPm_j[eSlk�PR] S�_�bq_n�%flS���S>_4t�Y4czbgS>_.�

Y4X4[ o X4c$X4_�]jPmczQe[zbq_�]�S>_4t oqp _�bq[\X4czbgfG_4PmX4czbgfO_4Pm[e� o c\�³Q�SUQWS>_'S>[zQ S�_ p bq_�wy��bd_�]{[xN4Pmc\P3SUQ$_ o c\PRb�Q o _[ o Y�PyflS>Pm��P{[\N�bd[´Q�X�w\N�b'Qe�³Q�[\PmZ w o XjfU] _ o [3Py¬jSUQe[R� � _/flS>t�Nn[ oqp [\NjSUQ3| o QxQTS>YjS�flS>[e���O[\N4P_nX4Z3Y�Pmc oqpc\PRb�Q o _�bqYjf>PsPy¬4|jfUbq_�bq[eS o _�Q pªo c�bd_n��QePm[ oqpñp X4_�wy[eS o _�bgf.S>Z�bqtdS�_4t�]4bq[zb´t�c o �"Q~w o _�QTSU]jPmczbqYjf>���L�f>[\N o X4t�NE`"S~M/SUQ~bW�qbgf>X�bqYjf>P"[ ojo fjS>_ESU]jPm_j[eS p ��S>_4t²Y4cybgS>_Ec\PmtqS o _�QñN�bg��S�_4t3Q o ZEPDS>_j� o f>��PmZEPm_j[ñS>_

[\N4PW|�Pmc p¨o c\Zbq_�wyP odp b°tqS>��Pm_�[yb�Qe�<�nQeX�wxNS>Z�bqtqS>_4t3[\PRwxN4_jSUT�X4PRQ��OSlf�f._4Pm��Pmc�Y�P$QeX¸X wxS>Pm_n[�[ o |4c o ��SU]jP]jPm[zbgSlf>PR] X4_�]jPmczQe[ybq_�]�S>_4t odp [xN4P3S>_4_4Pmc²� o cx��S>_4tnQ oqp [\N4PEY4czbgS>_.� u PRwmbqX�QeP oqp [\N4P3S>_�]jPm[\Pmc\Z´S�_�b�wy�oqp [\N4P±]4bq[zb/S>[{|4c o ��SU]jPRQm�$`;S~M SUQ^Z o Qe[�X�QeP p Xjf$S>_ [\N4P±|4cxPyf�S>Z3S>_�bqcx��S>_n��PRQ�[eS>tnbq[eS o _ odp ZEPm_j[zbgf|4c o wyPRQ\QePRQm� � [zQDk�_�]�S>_4tnQ$bqcxP o _jf>�{b°k�czQ�["Qe[\Pm|^S�_±b3|4c o wyPRQ\Q��BNjSUwxN{Z3X�Qe[�S�_�w o c\| o cybq[\P$�j_ o ��f�PR]jt�Pp c o Z�b3�«bdceS>Pm[�� odp [\PRwxN4_jSUT�X4PRQ$bq_�]�]�SUQ\wxS>|jflS>_�PRQm�

Page 18: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

à áãâ·ä½åÂæ�ç ì

u ¤ · ¿?ê ¤�¿À½ ¤ · ¾ � ¹À¿ · ë�¢�ë�íý r ¶Íë�¼O¼

óB_4P3Z�bg���OPyflf~b�Qe��BNn���OPsbqcxP$S>_n[xPmc\PRQe[\PR] S�_±Qe[xX�]j��S>_4t[\N4PsZEPRwxN�bq_jSUQeZ�X4_�]jPmcef>��S>_4t�[\NjSUQ$QePmPmZE§S>_4tqf>�{w o _j[\ceS>��PR][zb�Q�� oqp w o _�Qe[\czb«S�_4PR] í �jc\Pm|�PRbq[xPR]�� o cz]b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _.�O�<Pm[BX�Qm�µ[\N4Pmc\P p¨o c\P��jPy¬µbdZ3S>_4PN o ��� o cz]Eb�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _{bd_�]E[\N4Psb�wmw o ZE|�bq_j��S>_4t3|4czb�wy[�S�wyPm§¨cxPyf�bd[\PR]{b�QxQ o wxSUbq[�S���PBf>PRbqc\_jS>_4t©k�[O�OS>[\NjS>_[\N4P o ��Pmczb«f�f p czbdZEPm� o c\� oqp NnX4Z�bd_f�bd_4t�X�bqt�P3bq_�]�w o t�_jS>[eS>��P3Qe��SlflfUQm�

çg�.� �îá¡áe�3���$� �¡��MÝh o c$��Pyflf o ��Pmcsb{wyPm_j[\X4c\���.Y�PmtqS>_4_jS>_4t±�OS>[\N��$bgf>[ o _%wîQWc\Pm� o f>X4[eS o _�bqc\�±QePyf p §áQeX4Y4ÒePRwy[\PR]±Py¬4|�Pmc�S�Z©Pm_n[R�� o cz]Eb�Q\Q o wxS�bd[eS o _�N�b�Q~Y�PmPm_{b$| o |4XjfUbqcB[ ojo f:bqZ o _4tsY o [\N�|�Q��³wxN o f o tqSUQe[zQObq_�]´flS>_4t�XjSUQe[zQm�OMON4P�S�]jPRb[\N�bq[$b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS>��P3|4c o wyPRQ\QePRQ�|jfUbR�'b p X4_�]4bdZEPm_n[ybgf�c o f>PsS>_ o X4c$[\NjS>_4��S>_4ta]4bd[\PRQWY�b�wx��[ o L"c�S�Q�[ o [ef>PNjS>Z�QePyf p î6SG_j[e�OSUQTf>P��G�R��Ü�ÜÄñz� � [$�Bb�Q�[\N4P3Y�PyflS>P p"oqp [xN4P´bd_�wxS�Pm_j[3�"cxPmPm�³Qm�.bd_�]abY�PyflS�P p QeN�bqc\PR]¯[ o bfUbqc\t�PPy¬4[\Pm_n[3Yj�±Z o ]jPmc\_ c\PRQePRbqczwxN4PmczQm�ñ[\N�bd[²b¯[\N o c o X4t�N±X4_�]jPmczQe[ybq_�]�S>_4t oqp QTS>ZE|jf>P'b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS>��P|4c o wyPRQ\QePRQñ� o XjfU]Wf>PRb�]°[ o�p X4c\[\N4PmcñX4_�]jPmczQe[zbq_�]�S>_4t oqp Z o c\P�w o ZE|jf>Py¬´w o t�_jS>[eS>��PO|4c o wyPRQ\QePRQxî } cybqZEPmcR��R��Ü|{&ñz�.L$Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _�QDbqc\PB[\N o X4t�Nn[G[ o Y�P�c\Pyf>Pm�«bq_j[O[ o f>PRbqc\_jS>_4tEbq_�]�w o _�wyPm|4[ p¨o c\Z�bq[�S o _.�qP�X wxS>Pm_�wy�S>_±|4c o Yjf>PmZ Q o f>��S>_4t'bq_�]±wyc\PRbq[�S���S>[e���²MONjX�Qm�8[\N4PEQe[\X�]j� oqp � o cz]'b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _ wmbq_'Y�P�b�Qe[xPm|4|jS�_4tQe[ o _4P$S>_±[\N4P3X4_�]jPmczQe[ybq_�]�S>_4t{_ o [ o _jf>� oqp fUbq_4t�X�bqt�P3Y4X4[ oqp w o X4_n[ef>PRQ\Q o [\N4Pmc$ZEPm_j[zbgf�bqYjSlflS>[eS>PRQ3b�Q�OPyflfå�V o ZEP odp [\N4P{Qe[\c o _4t�PRQe[�S�_j[\Pmc\PRQ�[3S>_�� o cz]�b�Q\Q o wxS�bd[eS o _ SUQ3[\N�bq[ oqp cxPRQePRbqczwxN4PmczQ°�BN o QePmPm� [ o

]�SUQ\w o ��PmcB[\N4P�S>_4_4Pmc Q�[\c\X�wy[\X4c\P oqpio X4c~f>Py¬jSUwmbgf o c�Q�PmZ�bq_j[eSUw"Qe[ o c\PRQm�JóB_4PsZ´S�t�Nn[O�OPyflf8b�Qe�:�jN o �OPm��PmcR�N o � [\N4P3bqc\[eSlk:wxSUbgfG[zb�Qe� oqp � o cz]�b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _.�<bq_�]{w o _�Qe[\czbgS>_4PR]^� o cz]�b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _^S�_'|�bqcx[eSUwyXjf�bdcR�ô�ï ÷��^öû�ÿ)ú$ù���ý�d7/e�����¦��������4�&'�����*����!#����7&��B&���h�7���g/É������������ �j����� �&����l����&����`,�4�$�������.�3&�� ���$�������4�&�����������&��-�&e��&7+)�;�;9�����+�<a_É����É��%���@�.`�`)�.'��&'������/e��&���ðÿ)ý�ý%�$�������4�&'���.�|<

���

Page 19: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;EòñyH�¤%?@K¦¥§O¨?3¥�D�?@K@Nó=�LM¥�K:IQC7I�ô�D� yõ@I�¤%¤ � R

k�[zQ3��S�[xNjS�_*[\N4P o ��Pmczbgflf"Qe[\c\X�wy[\X4cxP oqp"o X4c3fUbq_4t�X�bqt�P�|4c o ]jX�wy[eS o _®Qe�4Qe[\PmZ{� ò N�bq[E�OP���S�flf"[xPmc\Z[\N4P�¹Q\']$[)¶mºE��S>Pm� o _ [\NjSUQ°SUQ\QeX4PSUQ°Py¬³|4cxPRQ\QePR] Yj� � w ì PySlflf*î�b�Q3QeX4Z©Z�bqceS>ÖmPR]ÆS�_�Sv_n[e�OSUQTf>P��B�g��Ü�Ü&ñ�BN o |4c o | o QePRQ$[\N�bd[sb�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _�Q3bqc\P3t�Pm_4Pmczbd[\PR]'Yj�a[xN4P Qe|�PRbq��Pmc�S�_ Z3X�w\N/[\N4P�Q\bqZ©PE�BbR�¯[\N�bq[[\N4PWS>_�]�S>��SU]jX�bgf~� o cy]4QGS>_'bEQePm_j[\Pm_�wyPsbqc\P$t�Pm_4Pmcybq[\PR]<� ò P$Z´S�t�Nn[BT�X4PRQe[eS o _�[xNjS�Q���S>Pm��Y�b�QePR]X4| o _[\N4P$c\PyfUbq[�S���P²]�S�X wyXjf>[e� oqp t�Pm_4Pmczbq[�S�_4tb�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _�Qm�4PRQ�|�PRwxSUbgflf>�a��S�[xNaw o _�Qe[xczbgS>_n[yQ�bd|4|jf�S>PR]<���BS>��Pm_[\N�bq[sQ�X4Y4Ò�PRwy[yQ$w o _�QTSUQe[\Pm_j[ef>�'c\P T�XjS>c\P©X4|n�Bbqcz]4Q odp b�QePRw o _�]'[ o cxPRQe| o _�]Æ[ o Pm��Pm_ p bdZ3Slf�SUbqc°� o cz]4Qm�S>[B] o PRQO_ o [�QePmPmZ�flS>��Pyf>�[\N�bq[O[\NjSUQD��Pmc\��Q\bdZEP"|4c o wyPRQ\QDX4_�]jPmceflS>PRQ�[\N4P Q�| o _j[zbq_4P o X�QD|4c o ]jX�wy[eS o _ oqpfUbq_4t�X�bqt�P��

ò N�bq[©��P�Z´S�t�Nn[�wmbgflf"[\N4P÷ö;³.µ)±���S>Pm� oqp � o cz]�b�QxQ o wxSUbq[�S o _.�BN o �OPm��PmcR�GZEPmcxPyf���Qe[zbq[xPRQ3[\N�bq[p c\PmPsc\PRwmb«f�f8S�Q$b´c\Pm|4c\PRQePm_j[zbq[eS>��P°��Pmc\Y�bgfñ|4c o wyPRQxQDS>_a[xN�bq[B[\N4P°c\PRQe| o _�QePRQ"bdc\P$c\Pm|4c\PRQePm_j[zbq[�S���P oqp [\N4PQePmZ�bd_n[eSUw©ZEPRbq_jS>_4t oqp [\N4P{Q�[eS>Z²Xjf>X�Q°� o cz]<�Gb�Q3bqc\t�X4PR]±Yj��rWPmPRQeP îz�R��Ü|R&ñz� u �±[\NjSUQ°��S�Pm�°�~� o cz]b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _']jPm|�Pm_�]4Q o _{[\N4P3Q\bqZEPsQ�PmZ�bq_j[eSUws_4Pm[e� o c\�4QDX4| o _'�BNjSUwxN¯f�bd_4t�X�bqt�P�S�QWY4XjSlf>[R�<Y4X4[W[\N4P|4c o wyPRQ\QePRQ�S>_±� o cz]¯b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _�bdc\Ps_ o [$_4PRwyPRQxQ\bqceSlf>�'Z�bqÒ o c$w o _�Qe[eS>[\X4Pm_j[zQ oqp Pm��Pmcx�³]4bg��fUbq_4t�X�bqt�P|4c o ]jX�wy[eS o _.�OMONjSUQ"QePmPmZQBb3Z3X�w\N�Z o c\P$[\Pm_�bqYjf>P°| o QTS>[eS o _¯[\N�bq_�[\N4P�¹�\']$[)¶�º���S>Pm�s�M�NnX�Qm�j�OPWN�bR��P"[e� o |4ceS>Z�bdc\�ES>_j[\Pmc\PRQe[yQGS>_{wxf o QePyf>�{Qe[xX�]j��S>_4tE[\N4PsQ��³Qe[xPmZ o X4[eflS�_4PR]^Yn��BbgSUw\Njf>P

Pm[{bgfá�-MON4P¯k�czQ�[ESUQ�[xN�bq[�[xN4P{S>ZE|4c o ��PmZEPm_n[�OS>[\N cxPm|�Pm[eS>[eS o _ cxPRQeXjf>[eS>_4t p c o ZÃ[\N4P±b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS>��Pf>PRbqc\_jS>_4t©S�_¯[\N4PsY4cybgS>_�Q oqp �BbgSUw\Njf>P�wîQ$Q�X4Y4Ò�PRwy[yQGSUQ�|4c\PRQeX4ZEPR]^[ o Y�Psb p X4_�]4bdZEPm_n[ybgf�w o ZE| o _4Pm_j[OS>_Z�bq_j� p¨o c\ZQ oqp NnX4Zbq_�w o t�_jS>[eS o _.�vL®t�Pm_4Pmczb«f�|4c o wyPR]jX4cxPBYn�3�BNjSUwxN�bqt�Pm_j[zQñwmbq_E|�Pmc pªo c\Z-w o ZE|jf>Py¬[zb�Q��³Q°b�wmwyX4czbq[\Pyf>��bd_�]±�OS>[\N t�c\PRbd[\PmcsQe|�PmPR] Y4X4[3�OS>[\N/f>PRQ\Q3w o ZE|4X4[zbd[eS o _�bgf�w o Qe[ o X4t�Nn[°[ o Y�P oqp[\c\PmZ©Pm_�] o X�QDS>_n[xPmc\PRQe[W[ o Qe[\X�]jPm_j[zQ oqp Y o [xN�_�bq[\X4czbgfGbq_�]�bqc\[eSlk:wxSUbgf.S>_j[\PyflflS�t�Pm_�wyP��V�PRw o _�]�f����<Yj��[\N4P°��PRbd����S>Pm� oqp � o cz]{b�Q\Q o wxS�bd[eS o _.��X4_�]jPmc�f���S>_4t{[\NjSUQ�|4c o wyPRQ\Q�SUQB[ o Y�P p¨o X4_�]

[\N4POb�wy[\X�bgf³Q�PmZ�bq_j[eSUw o c\tnbq_jS>ÖRbq[eS o _ oqp f�bd_4t�X�bqt�P��DV�[\X�]j��S>_4t$[\N4P~�qbqceS o X�Qñ|4c o |�Pmc\[eS>PRQ oqp w o _�Qe[\cybgS>_4PR]bq_�] p c\PmP$b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _S>_�_ o c\Z�b«f8Q�X4Y4Ò�PRwy[yQ�bd_�]3S>_aQ�X4Y4Ò�PRwy[yQ~��S�[xN{wyPmc\[zbgS>_{]�SUQ\bqYjSlflS>[eS>PRQ$wmbq_f>PRb�]X�Q_ o [ o _jf��[ o f o wmbgflS>ÖmP´Q o ZEP oqp [\N4Psw o ZE| o _4Pm_j[zQ oqp fUbq_4t�X�bqt�P��µY4X4[B[ o w o _�Q�[\czbgS>_�[\N4PyS>cW|4c o |�Pmcx[eS>PRQm�Qe[\cxX�wy[\X4c\PRQm��bd_�]©S�_j[\Pmczb�wy[eS o _�Qm�

çg��� �øàg���e��(��iàæ�e�»�Z�e�g���;áeáe�;áù��Ý2,ú�@ÞiÝi�l�¡�$�iÝ`ñPmc\N�bq|�QD[\N4P$Z o Qe[DS>_n[\PmcxPRQe[eS>_4t�b�Qe|�PRwy[ oqp �BbgSUwxNjf�P°Pm["bgfá�fwîQvk�_�]�S>_4tnQ�SUQO[\N4P$Pm��S�]jPm_�wyP oqp [�� o |�bq[\N4§�Bbg�³Q°S>_�w o _�Qe[\czb«S�_4PR]*� o cz]�b�Q\Q o wxS�bd[eS o _.�¡óB_4P'Z o c\P{]jPmZ�bq_�]�S>_4t oqp bq[\[\Pm_j[eS o _�bq_�] [\N4P o [\N4Pmcwmbq|�bqYjf>P oqp f>PRbqc\_jS>_4t±bq_�]ÇT�XjSUwx��f>� c\Pm|4c o ]jX�wxS>_4t±[\N4P�b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _�Q$t�Pm_4Pmczbq[\PR]/Yn�'[\N4P©k�czQe[g�{MON4PPy¬jS�Q�[\Pm_�wyP odp Q�X�w\N�w o ZE|jf>PmZEPm_n[ybqc\��Qe[xc\X�wy[\X4c\PRQ�SUQ°_ o [²b^_4Pm�-|4c o | o Q\b«få��MO� o §¨|�bd[\Nn�Bbg��ZEPRwxN�bq§_jSUQeZ�Q°N�bg��PEY�PmPm_�X�QePR]/[ o Py¬³|jfUbgS>_�Z�bq_j�±]�S>��PmczQeP�w o t�_jS>[eS>��P|4c o wyPRQ\QePRQm�{M�N4P bgf>Z o Qe[sX4_jS>��PmczQxbgf

Page 20: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;EòñyH�¤%?@K¦¥§O¨?3¥�D�?@K@Nó=�LM¥�K:IQC7I�ô�D� yõ@I�¤%¤ � }

wxN�bqczb�wy[\Pmc�S�Q�[eSUw oqp [\N4PRQePs]jPRQ\wyc�S�|4[�S o _�Q�S�Q�[\N�bq[ o _4P$|�bq[\Nj�BbR�´S�Q�c\PyfUbq[eS>��Pyf>�{w o _j[\c o f�f>PR]¯�BN4Pmc\PRb�QO[\N4Po [\N4Pmc�S�QWbqX4[ o Z�bq[eSUw o c"b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS>��P��VnwxN4_4PySU]jPmcsbq_�]/V�NjSlØJc�S�_�îz�g�¸���0ñ~]jPRQ\wyceS>Y�P�bE]jX�bgf>§¨c o X4[xP´Q��³Qe[xPmZ�S>_{[xN4P´] o Z�bgS>_ oqp ]jPm[xPRwy[eS o _.�

QePRbqcyw\N.��bd_�]�bq[\[\Pm_j[eS o _{bq_�]�]jPyk�_4P°[\N4P²w o Z©| o _4Pm_j[zQBb�Q pªo flf o �"Qm�L"X4[ o Z�bq[eSUwñ|4c o wyPRQ\QTS>_4tWSUQib�wy[eS>�«bq[eS o _ oqp bDf>PRbqc\_4PR]3QeP T�X4Pm_�wyP oqp Pyf�PmZ©Pm_n[zQ8S>_�f o _4t�§¨[\Pmc\ZZEPmZ o c\��[\N�bq[<SUQJS�_jS>[eSUbq[xPR]sYj�$bq|4|4c o |4ceSUbq[xPGS>_4|4X4[zQñbq_�]W[\N4Pm_s|4c o wyPmPR]4QñbqX4[ o Zbq[eSUwmbgflf>��û�OS>[\N o X4[�Q�X4Y4Ò�PRwy[~w o _n[\c o fá�>�>�>�8�OS>[\N o X4[~_4PRwyPRQxQ\bqceSlf>��]jPmZ�bq_�]�S>_4tEbq[\[xPm_n[eS o _.� }~o _n[\c o flf�PR]|4c o wyPRQxQTS>_4tS�Q°bE[xPmZE| o cybqc\�{b�wy[eS>�qbq[eS o _ oqp b�Q�P T�X4Pm_�wyP odp Pyf�PmZ©Pm_n[zQ�[\N�bq[$wmbq_'Y�P�Q�Pm[X4|»T�XjSUw\��f>�{bq_�]EPRb�QTSlf���Y4X4[Oc\P T�XjS>c\PRQBbq[x[\Pm_n[�S o _.�>�>�>�ñbq_�]3SUQBw o _n[\c o flf�PR]Yj�E[\N4PsQ�X4Y4Ò�PRwy[g��Wbg��S>_4t�b�] o |4[\PR][\N4PRQePs]jPyk�_jS>[eS o _�Q � o _4P$Z3S>t�Nj["bqc\t�X4P$N o � Z3X�wxN oqp [\N4P×Ñmw o _j[\c o flf>PR]mÒ©|4N�b�QeP

oqp [\N4PD� o cz]$b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _3[zb�Qe�BSUQGb�wy[xX�bgflf��3w o _j[\c o flf>PR]°Yn�$[\N4POQeX4Y4ÒePRwy[R� } Pmc\[zbgS>_jf>�s_ o [Gbgflf�b�Qe|�PRwy[yQ oqp[\N4PO|4c o wyPRQ\Qñbqc\PBb�wmwyPRQ\QTS>Yjf>PB[ o w o _�Q\wxS o X�Q�_4PRQ\Qm� ì Pm��Pmc\[\N4Pyf>PRQ\Q �gS�[ñSUQGbW]�S�X wyXjf>[~[zb�Q��$�BNjSUw\N�]jPmZbq_�]4Q[\N4P p Xjflfibq[\[\Pm_j[eS o _ oqp [\N4P$QeX4Y4ÒePRwy[R�JóB_E[\N4P o [\N4Pmc~N�bd_�]<�nQeX4Y4ÒePRwy[zQvN�bR��PBc\Pm| o c\[\PR]3[\N�bd[�]jX4ceS>_4t3[\N4PbqX4[ o Z�bq[eSUw�|4N�b�QeP���b p [\PmcON�bg��S>_4tE|4cyb�wy[eSUwyPR]�b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS>_4tE[ o [\N4PsQxbqZEPWflSUQe["QePm��Pmcybgf.[eS>ZEPRQm�4[\N4Pm�bqc\PbqYjf>Ps[ o Ñxf>Pm[B[\N4PyS>cWZ3S>_�]4QB�Bbq_�]jPmc.Ò°�BNjSlf>PEQe[eSlflf�ZbgS>_n[zb«S�_jS>_4t�QeX4|�Pmc�S o c"|�Pmc pªo c\Z�bq_�wyP��� SUQeN4��S>_.� � b«f�bdZ²X4[g��bq_�] u b�wxN4Pm�«b«f�S>Pmc¨îz�R��{�ð�ñ�N�bg��P3w o flf>PRwy[\PR]'bEY o ]j� oqp |�bd|�PmczQ$w o _�wyPmcx_jS�_4t

�«bdceS o X�Q3w o t�_jS>[eS>��P�] o ZbgS>_�Qs��NjS�wxN PRb�w\N QePmPmZ¦[ o ]jPRQxwyceS>Y�P�[\NjSUQsQxbqZEP�]jX�bgflS>[e���{�.bqY�PyfUQ²bd|4|jf�S>PR]Yj�a[xN4PRQeP bdX4[\N o czQ�[ o [\N4PyS>cEQe�³Q�[\PmZ�QWS>_�wxf>X�]jP½]$³�°.[�º)¶¿¾Ð\'¾�[)¶���PmczQeX�Q§µ)¹�¹Q[�°�¾�µ�\'¾W¼)³sZ©PmZ o c\���"³�´a¾'¹Q[�À)¾�°��PmczQ�X�Q0¹Q³,Y*µ)¶¡\'¾�°EZEPmZ o c\���:ö;[)].±�¾W¶mº���PmcyQeX�Q0]$³�È�³�]$³�¶e°.³3Z©PmZ o c\���@À�³�° ¯�µ)]$µ�\'¾'¼-³3��PmczQ�X�Q�´a]$[�°.³�À)·¸]lµ|¯�j_ o ��f�PR]jt�P��y³�¯4µ¸®$[)]$µ�\'¾'¼-³8��PmczQeX�Qü¾'¶¡\�³�º)]$µ�\'¾'¼-³<|4c o wyPRQ\QTS>_4t���bq_�]�³ËýB[)]�\ È.·m¯m��PmcyQeX�Q�µ)·m\�[)Y*µ�\'¾�°GPm_�w o ]�S>_4t��bqZ o _4t o [\N4PmczQ �<LBf>[\N o X4t�N$S>[.SUQ8_ o [iwxf>PRbqcñ[\N�bq[ib«f�f oqp [xN4PRQeP�wxN�bqczb�wy[xPmceS>ÖRbq[eS o _�Q.bqcxPñS�_j[\PmczwxN�bq_4t�PRbdYjf�P��[\N4P3t�Pm_4Pmczb«f�QTS>Z3Slf�bdceS>[�� oqp [\N4PRQ�P´]jPRQxwyceS>|4[eS o _�Q3QeX4t�t�PRQe[yQ"b p X4_�]4bqZEPm_j[zbgf~ZEPRwxN�bq_jSUQeZ X4_�]jPmcef>��S>_4tZ�bq_j�NjS�t�N4Pmc w o t�_jS�[�S���Ps|4c o wyPRQ\QePRQm�� SUQeN4��S>_±Pm[sbgfá�>��[\N4PmZ�QePyf>��PRQm�8|4c\P p Pmc$[\N4P3[\Pmc\Z�QiY*³�Y*[)]�Å�bq_�]÷Êyµy®�¾�\8S>_�]jPRQ\wyceS>YjS>_4t'[\N4PyS>c$��Pmc\§

QTS o _�Q oqp [\N4PRQ�P²|�bd[\Nn�Bbg�4Qm�<�BN4Pmc\PRb�QW�OP3N�bg��P3Y�PmPm_ X�QTS>_4t{[\N4P3[\PmcxZtµ)¹.¹�[ °,¾Ðµ|\'¾W¼)³×¯�³�µ)].¶¿¾W¶mº°czbq[\N4Pmc[\N�bq_ùʸµy®�¾�\'·�µ|\'¾Ð[)¶ S>_�wxN�bqczb�wy[\PmceS>ÖyS>_4t o X4c©_ o _4§áw o _j[\c o flf>PR]�|�bq[xNn�Bbg����MON o ZE|�Q o _�îz�g��{�Ü&ñs]jczbg�"Qb ]�S�Q�[eS>_�wy[eS o _)Y�Pm[e��PmPm_*[\N4PRQeP'[e� o'pªo c\Z�Q oqp f>PRbqc\_jS>_4t��-�WbqYjS>[\X�bq[eS o _.� o _�[\N4P o _4PaN�bd_�]<�OSUQ�bp¨o c\Z oqp _ o _4§áb�Q\Q o wxS�bd[eS>��Pf>PRbqc\_jS>_4t�Y�PRwmbqX�QePS>[Ec\PRQ�Xjf�[yQ p c o Z Py¬³|�PmceS>Pm_�wyPa��S�[xN®baQ�S�_4tdf�P¯[e�n|�P oqpPm��Pm_j[R�ñL QxQ o wxSUbq[�S���PWf�PRbdc\_jS>_4t�� o _E[xN4P o [xN4Pmc�N�bd_�]<�ncxPRQeXjf>[zQ p c o Z-[\N4P$w o _qÒeX4_�wy[eS o _ oqp [e� o$o c~Z o c\PPm��Pm_j[zQ V �[óBX4c$bqX4[ o Z�bd[eSUwW|�bq[\Nj��bg�°SUQ"wxf>PRbqc�f���[xPRw\N4_jSUwmbgflf>�¯S�_j� o f>��PR] S>_{N�bqYjS>[\X�bq[�S o _.�4czbq[\N4Pmc�[\N�bq_b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS>��P�f>PRbqc\_jS>_4t��.b�QDS>[$c\PRQ�| o _�]4Q�[ o [\N4P°Pm��Pm_j[ oqp bQTS>_4tqf>P´Q�[eS>Z²Xjf>X�QW� o cz]Y�PyS>_4t�|4c\PRQePm_j[\PR]<�^�Ó¨�3�6þ �� `������!¡&��������$�������4�&'��9.�:���$�$���,��� (M��;�:�$�$��ü����/%�������g&�� � ���+�Ø��6��&7��;��h.����&�������� ���;+)���;�$��+,��&����$��2`-�l���'��� (��+)��&W/e�����M�� ���@&�������(.;�%/e����� ¨�� �M��+�Ø����6&��<

Page 21: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;EòñyH�¤%?@K¦¥§O¨?3¥�D�?@K@Nó=�LM¥�K:IQC7I�ô�D� yõ@I�¤%¤ �$ð

ì Pm��Pmc\[\N4Pyf>PRQ\Qm�4bq[D[\N4PWceSUQe� oqp.o Ø.Pm_�]�S>_4tEwyPmc\[zbgS>_|�Qe�³wxN o f o tqSUQe[yQm�j��P��OSlf�fGw o _n[�S�_jX4PW[ o X�QePW[\N4PB[xPmc\ZÑmb�QxQ o wxSUbq[�S���P Ò3[ o c\P p PmcB[ o [\N4PWf>PRbqcx_jS�_4t�[ybq��S>_4tE|jfUb�wyP�S>_ o X4c"bdX4[ o Z�bq[�S�wW|�bd[\Nn�Bbg���

çg��ç �P�üÿg�$�����²�@Ýgß2,ú�@ÞiÝi�l�¡���B�#(������e�;áe��Ý��¡� �e�$�MÝgáLW_n�3Z o ]jPyf oqp � o cz]3b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _Z²X�Q�[~|�bg�3|�bqc\[eSUwyXjfUbqcBbq[\[\Pm_j[eS o _E[ o [\N4PB�qbqceS o X�QDc\Pm|4c\PRQ�Pm_n[zbd[eS o _�Qoqp � o cz]4Q�S>[BS>_j� o f>��PRQm� � _±bq_j[eSUwxS�|�bd[eS o _ oqp [\NjSUQW_4PmPR]<��f>Pm[$X�QWPy¬µbqZ´S�_4P3[\N4P3|4c\Pm�qbgSlflS�_4t'[\N4P o ceS>PRQ oqpf>Py¬nSUwmbgf"bq_�]'w o t�_jS�[�S���P�c\Pm|4cxPRQePm_n[ybq[eS o _�Qm� � o Qe[WflS>_4t�XjSUQe[zQ3bq|4|�PRbqcs[ o Y�PyflS>Pm��PES>_ [\N4PEPy¬jSUQe[\Pm_�wyP oqp�«bdceS o X�QOf>Py¬jSUwmbgf�w o ]jPRQWX�Q�PR]S>_'[\N4Ps|4c o wyPRQ\QTS>_4t oqp � o cy]4QO�OS>[\NjS>_'[\N4PsY4czb«S�_.�Wr�SUQe[eS>_�wy["Z o ]4bgflS>[eS>PRQo cs] o ZbgS>_�Q oqp c\Pm|4c\PRQ�Pm_n[zbd[eS o _±bqc\PE[\N o X4t�Nn[$[ o Y�PEPmZ3Y o ]�S>PR]/S>_�QePm|�bqczbd[\P3|�Qe�³wxN o f o tqSUwmbgfBw o ]jPRQîáL�flf�| o c\[$×+h4X4_4_4Pyflfá�G�R��{4�5ñz�M�N4Ps[e� o Y�b�QTSUw p¨o c\Z�Q oqp f>Py¬nSUwmbgfBw o ]jPRQ$bqcxP×[)]�\'Êy[.º�]$µ�´aÊ�¾�°sbq_�]â´aÊy[�¶¡[�¯�[.º�¾Ð°�µ�¯l�BL$Q�[\N4PyS>c$_�bqZEP

QeX4t�t�PRQe[zQm�ñ|4N o _ o f o tdS�wmb«f"c\Pm|4c\PRQePm_j[zbq[�S o _�QEbqc\P[\N o X4t�Nj[3[ o S>_�Q o ZEP�BbR�'PmZ3Y o ]j� [\N4P{QeP T�X4Pm_�wyPoqp |4N o _4PmZ©PRQ o c Q�S�Z´S�fUbqc{Q�X4Y4§¨� o cz]�X4_jS>[zQ_4PRwyPRQ\Qxbqc\� p¨o c�Qe|�PmPRwxN�|�PmczwyPm|4[�S o _)bq_�]�|4c o ]jX�wy[eS o _.�óBc\[\N o t�czbq|4NjSUw3c\Pm|4cxPRQePm_n[ybq[eS o _�QWc\P�z�PRwy[$[\N4PEQe|�Pyflf�S>_4t odp � o cz]4Qm� � [WSUQsw o Z©Z o _'[ o c\P p Pmc$[ o [\N4PRQeP�«bdceS o X�Q.cxPm|4c\PRQePm_j[zbq[eS o _�Q.b�Q�¯�[.º�[�º�³,¶a¹m� u b�QePR]�|4ceS>Z�bqceSlf>� o _s]jX�bgf>§¨[zb�Qe�W|�bqczb�]�S>t�ZQm�R[xN4Pmc\PGSUQ<t�Pm_4Pmcybgfbqt�cxPmPmZEPm_n[�[\N�bq[B�Bc�S�[x[\Pm_{bq_�]{Q�| o ��Pm_¯Z o ]4bgflS�[�S�PRQWN�bg��PWS>_�]jPm|�Pm_�]jPm_n[�S�_4|4X4[�f o t o t�Pm_�Qm�4Y4X4[W[\N4Pmc\PSUQOQ o ZEP$]jPmY�bq[\P$b�QD[ o ��N4Pm[\N4PmcO[\N4Pmc\PWPy¬nSUQe["Q�Pm|�bqczbq[\P�S�_4|4X4[Wbq_�] o X4[\|4X4[Df o t o t�Pm_�QD�OS>[\NjS>_{b$tdS���Pm_Z o ]4bgflS>[��ËîxV�N�bgflf�SUwyP�� � wm�<P o ]<��×-�JPm�OSUQm�.�R��{��m~jLBflf>| o cx[ ×�h4X4_4_4Pyflfá�G�R��{4��ñy�}Do t�_jS>[eS>��P$c\Pm|4c\PRQ�Pm_n[zbd[eS o _�Qm� o _�[xN4P o [\N4PmcON�bq_�]<� oqp �BNjSUwxN{[\N4Pmc\P$ZbR�Y�P$Z3Xjf>[eS>|jf>P pªo cxZ�Qm��S>_

Q o Z©PB�BbR�°PmZ3Y o ]j�E[\N4P"QePmZbq_n[�S�w�ZEPRbq_jS>_4t oqp b�� o cz]<�GMON4PBZ o Q�[ñf�S>��Pyf>�c\Pm|4c\PRQePm_j[zbq[�S o _3SUQGS>_[\N4Pp¨o c\Z odp b°��PRwy[ o c�w o Z©| o QePR] oqp b�fUbqc\t�PW_nX4Z3Y�Pmc odp Q�PmZ�bq_j[eSUw p PRbq[\X4c\PRQ ��M�N4P"|4c\PRQ�Pm_�wyP o c�bqY�Q�Pm_�wyPoqp b$wyPmc\[zbgS>_ p PRbq[\X4c\PRQNî o cñ[\N4PB�qbgf>X4P oqp [\N4PB�qbqceS o X�Q p PRbq[\X4cxPRQ8S p [\N4Pm�EbqcxP�_ o [~]�S�Qxwyc\Pm[\P�ñ.SUQDQeX¸X wxS>Pm_n[[ o c\Pm|4cxPRQePm_n[sb� o cy]<� ò±o cz]4Q$QTS>Z3SlfUbqc$S>_±ZEPRbd_jS�_4t��ibgf>[\N o X4t�N±|�Pmc\N�bd|�Q$��Pmc\�']�SlØJPmcxPm_n[WS>_�Q o X4_�]o cBQe|�Pyf�flS>_4t��<� o XjfU][\NjX�QON�bg��P$QTS>Z3Slf�bdc p PRbq[\X4c\PW��PRwy[ o czQOb�QD[\N4PyS>c"w o t�_jS>[eS>��P°c\Pm|4c\PRQePm_j[zbq[eS o _�Q ��M�NjS�Qp PRbq[\X4c\PsQePm[�Pm_�w o ]�S>_4tSUQO[\N4P o _4P$�OS>[\N��BNjSUwxN o X4cBZ o ]jPyfi��S�flfGY�P°Pm_�] o �OPR]<�u b�Q�PR]s|4c�S�ZbqceSlf>� o _²[xN4P�Py¬jSUQe[\Pm_�wyP odp wyPmc\[zb«S�_ p¨o c\Z�Q oqp bq|4N�b�QTSUb4� o c8fUbq_4t�X�bqt�P�]jPyk:wxS>[zQ �³Q�Pm��Pmczbgf

Z o ]jPyfUQBN�bg��P$Y�PmPm_aw o _�Qe[xc\X�wy[\PR][ o Slflf�X�Q�[\czbq[\P3[\N4P$| o Q\QTS>Yjf>P$S>_j[\Pmc\c\PyfUbq[�S o _�QBY�Pm[��OPmPm_¯[\N4PRQePWf>Py¬nSUwmbgfbq_�]±w o t�_jS>[eS>��P�cxPm|4c\PRQePm_j[zbq[eS o _�Qm�MON4PEZ o Qe[sw o ZEZ o _Æbd_�]'Z o Qe[$t�Pm_4Pmczbgf�Q�X�w\N±Z o ]jPyfDS�Q°QeN o �B_S>_±h8S�t�X4c\P*}4� � _Æw o _�Qe[\c\X�wy[eS>_4t�Z o ]jPyfUQ oqp [\N4P3� o cz]¯b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _aQ��³Qe[xPmZ{���OP3Z3X�Qe["w o _�Q�S�]jPmc°[\N4PPy¬jS�Q�[\Pm_�wyP oqp [\N4PRQePs]�SlØ.Pmc\Pm_j["cxPm|4c\PRQePm_j[zbq[eS o _�QBbd_�]N o ��[\N4Pm��Z´S�t�Nn[OZ�bq_jS p PRQe[W[\N4PmZ�QePyf>��PRQDS>_ o X4cY�PmN�bg��S o c bd_�] p X4_�wy[eS o _�b«fvbqcyw\NjS>[\PRwy[\X4cxP���MON4PRQ�PWS�QxQeX4PRQW�OSlflf�Y�P²w o _�QTSU]jPmc\PR]^S>_{Z o c\Ps]jPm|4[\N^S�_¯[\N4Pp¨o flf o �OS>_4t�w\N�bd|4[\PmczQm�

Page 22: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;EòñyH�¤%?@K¦¥§O¨?3¥�D�?@K@Nó=�LM¥�K:IQC7I�ô�D� yõ@I�¤%¤ �R�

h8S>t�X4c\P×}µ�"L�Z o ]jPyf oqp [\N4P©| o Q\Q�S�Yjf>Pc\PyfUbq[eS o _�QeNjS>|�Q3bqZ o _4t��«bqceS o X�Q°bq_�bq[ o Z3SUwmbgfvbd_�] p X4_�wy[�S o _�bgfw o ZE| o _4Pm_j[zQ oqp fUbq_4t�X�bqt�P��D�OPm|4c o ]jX�wyPR] p c o Z#`ñPm[\PmczQePm_�Pm["b«få�Nîz�R��{�{Äñz�

Page 23: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

à áãâ·ä½åÂæ�ç �

� ¹ Á � ¹ · ½�· ¢�¡ ¹ts ¢�� ½ ¹ £�¾

� ¡*¡�¹¸¥¬ëO¤»¢�ëD¹ · r� ¡ ¢*½ÂÁ

� _/[\NjSUQswxN�bq|4[\Pmcs�OP3�OSlflf p¨o wyX�Q o _±PRb�wxN oqp [xN4P3S>_�]�S���SU]jX�bgf w o Z©| o _4Pm_j[zQ odp [\N4P3[e� o � o cz]'b�Q\Q o §wxSUbq[eS o _�|�bq[xNn�Bbg�³Q�S>_ o cz]jPmc©[ o w o _�Qe[\czb«S�_ [\N4P�| o Q\QTS>Yjf>P¯S�_j[\Pmc\|4cxPm[zbq[eS o _�Q oqp [\N4PyS>c p X4_�wy[eS o _�bgflS>[����� _®] o S�_4t Q o �G�OP��OSlflf ]jczbg� p c o Z Pm��SU]jPm_�wyPab�wmwyX4Z²XjfUbq[xPR] S>_®b¯�«bqceS>Pm[e� oqp ] o Z�b«S�_�Q �GS>_�wxf>X�]�S>_4tS>Z�bqtqS>_4t���f>PRQTS o _.�4|4c�S�Zbq[\P��4bq_�]bq|4N�b�QTSUb í Q�[\X�]�S>PRQBb�QG�OPyflfib�QñfUbqcxt�P Qxwmbgf>P bq_�]wyPyflf>Xjf�bdc bq_�bd[ o Z3SUwmbgfPm��S�]jPm_�wyP�� ò P$Y�PmtqS>_'�OS>[\N�[\N4Psw o Z©| o _4Pm_j[zQ oqp [\N4P3w o _n[xc o flf>PR]�|�bq[\Nj�Bbg���

���.� � Ý��¡�;�e�$�@��,ù��ÝgÞiài�� �¡� ,ú�@�¿�¡�üÿMON4P$bq_j[\PmceS o cBwxS>_4t�XjfUbq[\Psw o c\[xPy¬¹î�b }B} ñz�gSUQBbWfUbqc\t�Psw o c\[eSUwmbgf<c\PmtqS o _ o ��Pmcef>��S�_4t3Z3X�wxN oqp [\N4P w o c\|4X�Qwmbgflf o QeX4ZÞî�Q�PmPsh8S�t�X4c\P���ñy�~MON4P²wxS>_4t�XjfUbq[xP´w o c\[\Py¬S�[yQePyf p SUQ"w o ZE| o Q�PR] oqp [e� o |4ceS>Z�bdc\�{bqc\PRb�Q �G[\N4Pbq_j[\PmceS o c V bq_�]3[\N4PW| o Q�[\PmceS o c � | o c\[eS o _�Q ���BNjSUwxN bqcxPBT�XjS>[\Ps]�SUQe[�S�_�wy[g�nY o [\N�bq_�bq[ o Z3SUwmbgflf��bq_�] p X4_�wy§[eS o _�bgflf>���OMON4Ps| o Qe[\PmceS o cWwxS�_4t�Xjf�bd[\P$SUQ��n_ o �B_�[ o Y�P$c\PRQe| o _�QTS>Yjf>P p¨o cOZ o _jS>[ o ceS>_4tPm��P$Z o ��PmZEPm_j[zQbq_�] c\PRQ�| o _�]�S>_4t [ o QePm_�Q o c\��Qe[eS>Z3XjflSá� Ñ o t�[R�~h8S>_�w\N.�B× óOfUQ o _�îz�R����R&ñz�ñ| o Qe[\XjfUbq[\P�[\N�bd[sS>[�Q�X4Y4§QePmc\��PRQæÑ Pm�«bgf>X�bq[eS>��P Ò p X4_�wy[eS o _�Qm��Q�X�w\N�b�QDZ o _jS>[ o c�S�_4tEQePm_�Q o c\�EPm��Pm_j[zQObq_�]©[\N4P o c\tnbq_jSUQeZ�wîQ~Qe|�bd[eSUbgfo ceS>Pm_j[zbq[eS o _ Y�PmN�bg��S o cR�{MON4Pm� w\N�bqcyb�wy[\PmceS>ÖmP[\N4P bd_n[\Pmc�S o c²wxS>_4t�XjfUbq[\P�� o _±[\N4P o [\N4Pmc°N�bq_�]<�~b�Q°bq_ÑyPy¬4PRwyX4[eS>��P Ò°c\PmtqS o _{]jX4PW[ o S>[zQObq|4|�bqc\Pm_j[Oc o f>PBS>_{w o _j[\c o f�flS>_4t o X4[x|4X4[�bq_�]©S>_c\PRQe| o _�]�S�_4t[ o PmZ o §[eS o _�bgf<|4c o wyPRQ\QePRQm�~M�N4P b�wy[xX�bgf:[zb�Qe�³QDQeX4Y�QePmc\��PR]EYj�E[\N4P"b }B} ��N o �OPm��PmcR�jbqc\PBT�XjS>[\Ps]�S>��PmczQeP��DMON4PRQePô Ó¨��ú�Ö��ú,ö�ùVú¿����;�,����$+,�1�1�4&'2M���@&�� ��`������ � ��&'�������.�%����� ` ����� ��� '�����g�!m�4�� (��-�(.��<^ �a���������$����� �����l��� ���� ������<� �a���������$����� �����l�����,����Û,�������)�$������Ú�<

� Ü

Page 24: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E��yH�=�L��²ABL K@D;K�C" ½L £ C�>BD � L E�N�?i m ¡LM=7I�?�C7IQL K  "!  ¡C�D#� �)�

bq|4|�PRbqcs[ o S>_�wxf>X�]jPc\PRQe| o _�]�S�_4t'[ o |�b«S�_ p Xjf�Q�[eS>Z²XjflSá�ñZ�bq[\Pmcx_�bgf~Y�PmN�bg��S o cR�.��SUQ\wyPmc o Z o [ o csw o _j[\c o fá�Q o Z©P"Qe��Pyf>Pm[ o Z o [ o c p X4_�wy[eS o _�Q �³bd_�]<��k�_�b«f�f>����bd[\[\Pm_j[eS o _E[ o b�wy[eS o _ î Ñ o t�[R��h8S>_�wxN.��×ÅóOfUQ o _.�8�R����R&ñy�� [�S�Q�[\NjSUQ�f�bd[\[\PmcO| o Q�[\XjfUbq[\PR] p X4_�wy[eS o _ oqp [xN4Psb }B} S>_{��NjS�wxN{�OPsbqcxP$Z o Qe[DS>_n[xPmc\PRQe[\PR]<�

$�ª�«%ª�« ¬ Ç&%«Ï8Å('WË�Ð)ÏTÏ.È~Ð� [SUQ¯w o ZEZ o _jf>�*_ o [\PR]*[\N�bq[�OSU]jPRQe|4c\PRb�] f>PRQTS o _ oqp [\N4P±b }B} c\PRQeXjf>[zQ S�_ b�Qe�j_�]jc o Z©Pa�j_ o �B_b�Q0µ)±�¾W¶e³ \'¾�°PY�·�\'¾'¹�YÝî } X4Z©Z3S>_4tnQm�W�R����}m~ Ñ o t�[R�Gh8S>_�w\N.�O× óOfUQ o _.�W�R����RÄñz�{LW��S�_4Pm[�S�w^Z3X4[eSUQeZ S�QZ�bqcx��PR]Yn�|4c oqp¨o X4_�]�bq|�bd[\Nn���³f�b�w\� oqp Qe| o _j[zbq_4P o X�QBQe|�PmPRwxN.�µf�S>[\[�f�P3Z o ��PmZ©Pm_n[R��fUb�wx� odp S>_jS>[eSUbq[eS>��PS>_ Q�PmPm��S>_4t'Pm��Pm_ p¨ono ]±bq_�] ]jceS>_4�<�.fUb�wx� oqp PmZ o [eS o _ÆS�_ [\N4PE|4cxPRQePm_�wyP odp |�b«S�_.�Gbq_�]aS�_�bd[\[\Pm_j[eS o _.�LWZ o _4t o [\N4Pmc�[xNjS�_4tjQm�W[\NjSUQ{bq|4|�PRbqczQ�[ o | o S>_j[{[ o bq_�S>_j� o f>��PmZEPm_j[ oqp [\N4P±b }B} S>_�S>_jS>[eSUbq[eS>_4tQe| o _n[ybq_4P o X�QOY�PmN�bR��S o cR� o cB[\N�bq[B��NjS�wxNa] o PRQO_ o [�N�bR��PsbE]�S>c\PRwy["cxP�z�Py¬ o cWb�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS>��P$[\ceS>t�t�PmcR�L$]4]�S>[eS o _�bgf Q�X4|4| o c\[ pªo c3[\NjSUQ°S>_j[\Pmc\|4c\Pm[ybq[eS o _ oqp b }B}�p X4_�wy[eS o _®]jPmceS>��PRQ p c o Z [xN4P{Qe[\X�]j� oqp

`Gbqc\��S>_�Q o _%wîQW]�SUQePRb�QeP��$`"S~M�Qe[\X�]�S>PRQ$c\Pm��PRbgfi[\N�bq[W|�bq[eS>Pm_j[zQW�OS>[\N¯[\NjSUQ$Qe�n_�]jc o ZEP oqp [\Pm_abq|4|�PRbqc$[ oN�bg��P�]jP p PRwy[eS>��PBbq_j[\PmceS o cGwxS>_4t�XjfUbq[\P"w o cx[eSUwyPRQ�î\�Wc o Q\Q�Z�bq_$Pm[Gbgfá�>�4�R����RÄñz�.MON4PBQeX4Y4ÒePRwy[zQñbqc\PGS>ZE|�b«S�cxPR]o _°[zb�Qe�4Q p¨o c.�BNjSUwxN²[xN4Pm�sbqc\PGc\P T�XjS>c\PR]°[ o Z�bgS>_j[zbgS>_°S>_n[\Pmcx_�bgf³bq[\[xPm_n[eS o _�b«f³w o _j[\c o f�S>_ o cz]jPmcñ[ o bg� o SU]Y�PyS>_4t�]�SUQe[xczb�wy[\PR]/Yn� bq_'S>c\c\Pyf>Pm�«bd_n[�bd[\[\ceS>Y4X4[\P o c²Q�[eS>Z²Xjf>X�Qm�'MON4Pm��bdc\P�bgfUQ o S>ZE|�bgS>c\PR] o _ [zb�Q��³Q|4c\PRQeX4Z©PR]�[ o c\P T�XjS>c\PEQePyf p §á]�S>c\PRwy[\PR]^S>_j[\Pmc\_�bgfi|jfUbq_4_jS>_4t��L®wyPmcx[zbgS>_3| o c\[�S o _ oqp [\N4POb }B}'o _jf>�²bq|4|�PRbqczQñb�wy[eS>��PDS>_3[zb�Qe�4Q.]jPmZ�bq_�]�S>_4t°[\N4P~NjS>t�N4PRQe[ñf>Pm��PyfUQ oqp

|4c o wyPRQ\QTS>_4t²Q�Pyf�PRwy[�S o _¹î���bq_4Pmc�× `Gbdcz] o �j�R���4��ñibd_�] Ñ o t�[R��h8S>_�w\N.�4× óOfUQ o _�w o _�wxf>X�]jP"[xN�bq[R�gS>_3flS>t�Nn[oqp S�[yQG�«bdceS o X�QGc o f�PRQ �q[\N4P"b }B} ZbR�°|4c o ��SU]jP"b�flS>_4�EY�Pm[��OPmPm_Ew o t�_jS>[eS>��P$bq_�]°Z o [�S��qbq[eS o _E|4c o wyPRQ\Q�PRQm�MON4Pm��c\Pm| o c\[ u b�]4]jPyf>Pm�¡wîQ îz�R�|{�Ü&ñsZ o ]jPyf oqp � o cx��S>_4t±ZEPmZ o c\���BNjSUwxN�QeX4t�t�PRQe[zQ©[\N�bq[E[\N4P'b }B}]�SUQe[\ceS>Y4X4[\PRQ flS�Z´S�[xPR]�bq[x[\Pm_n[�S o _�bgf�cxPRQ o X4czwyPRQ p¨o cW[\N4P3|4X4c\| o Q�P odp |jfUbq_4_jS>_4tabq_�]']jPRwxSUQTS o _ Z�bq��S>_4t��[e�n|jSUwmbgflf>�S>_{_ o ��PyfiQePm[\[�S�_4tjQ o cO�BN4Pm_{|4cxPR]jPm[\Pmc\Z3S>_4PR]�[xPmZE|jfUbq[\PRQ o cON�bqYjS>[zQWbqc\PWX4_�QeX�wmwyPRQ\Q p Xjf~bq_�]Z3X�Qe[~Y�P o ��Pmcyw o ZEP��iM�NjS�QDZ�bg�3Y�P$b$YjS>[ o ��PmczQe|�PRwxSlk:w"bq_�] o ��Pmczw o _jk:]jPm_j[�bd_�b�Q\wyceS>|4[eS o _tqS>��Pm_[\N4PPm��S�]jPm_�wyPEbg�«b«S�fUbqYjf>P��<Y4X4[OS>["bd|4|�PRbqczQWw o c\cxPRwy[~S>_¯PRQ\QePm_�wyP��

$�ª�«%ª�© ) Î�­~Ë�Å+*ñÎ�ÂDÉ;ÏTË�Ð� [DZ�bg�$Y�P$bqc\t�X4PR]°[\N�bd[G��PBwmbq_4_ o [GZ�bq��PBQe|�PRwxS�k:w$w o _�wxf�X�Q�S o _�Q o _²[xN4PBY�b�QTSUQ odp Z�bdÒ o c8f>PRQTS o _�QObq_�]�OSU]jPRQe|4c\PRb�]�`Gbqcx��S>_�Q o _%w Qs]jPmt�Pm_4Pmczbd[eS o _.�{MON4PRQePb-,ESUwy[eS o _�Q3w o XjfU]/S>_n� o f���P�bqc\PRb�Q o X4[zQTSU]jP oqp [\N4Pb }B} bq_�]¯[\NjX�QW|4c o ��SU]jPEb p bgfUQeP3|jS�wy[xX4c\P oqp [\N4P3|4c o wyPRQ\QePRQ�S>_±��NjS�wxN±[\N4PEb }�} SUQW[\c\Xjf>�^S�_j� o f>��PR]<�ì Pm��Pmc\[\N4Pyf>PRQ\Qm�BQ o ZEP�c\PRwyPm_j[�Qe[\X�]�S>PRQ´S>_n� o f���S>_4t `"S~M�Qxwmbq_4_jS>_4t±f>Pm_�] p X4cx[\N4Pmc�QeX4|4| o c\[E[ o [\N4PRQePNj�n| o [\N4PRQePRQm�

Page 25: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E��yH�=�L��²ABL K@D;K�C" ½L £ C�>BD � L E�N�?i m ¡LM=7I�?�C7IQL K  "!  ¡C�D#� � {

`Gbdcz] o Pm[Ebgfá��îy�R����x&ñ$Qe[\X�]�S>PR] [\N4P{b�wy[�S���S>[e�'S>_®[\N4PY4czbgS>_�Q oqp _ o c\Z�bgfBQeX4Y4ÒePRwy[zQ3|�Pmc pªo c\Z3S>_4t[\N4P�V�[xc ono |Æw o f o c/.R� o cz]¯[zb�Q��:�3MONjSUQ$[\PRQ�[$c\P T�XjS>c\PRQ o _4PE[ o _�bdZEP3[\N4P�w o f o c�S�_/�BNjSUw\N±� o cy]4Q$bqc\P|4c\PRQePm_j[\PR]<� � _�[\N4PÇ°.[�¶�º)]�·m³�¶¡\Ww o _�]�S>[eS o _ oqp [xNjS�Q[yb�Qe�<�~[\N4P'� o cz]4Q©|4c\PRQePm_j[\PR]*bqc\P'[\N4P{_�bdZEPRQoqp [\N4P�w o f o czQ S�_ �BNjSUwxN�[\N4Pm�±bqc\P�]�SUQe|jfUbg��PR]<� � _�[\N4PP¾'¶¡°�[)¶mº)]�·�³,¶¡\Gw o _�]�S>[eS o _.�D[\N4PE� o cz]4Q�_�bqZEP]�SlØ.Pmc\Pm_n['w o f o czQm��M�N4P{fUbq[x[\Pmc�SUQ{b Z3X�wxN�N�bqcz]jPmc{[yb�Qe��bd_�]�SUQ^|4c\PRQeX4ZEPR]­Yn�*[\N4P�bqX4[xN o czQ[ oc\P T�XjS>c\P×Ñmbq[\[xPm_n[eS o _�b«f�f>�ZEPR]�SUbq[\PR]�QePyf>PRwy[eS o _ odp w o t�_jS>[eS>��P$|4c o wyPRQ\QTS>_4tEY�Pm[e��PmPm_{w o f o c�_�bdZ3S>_4t�bq_�]c\PRb�]�S>_4t���ÒaM�N4Pm� p¨o X4_�]°[\N4PBb }B} [ o N�bg��PO[\N4POt�c\PRbd[\PRQe[8S�_�wycxPRb�QePOS>_�b�wy[�S��qbq[eS o _3S>_E[xN4P~S>_�w o _4t�c\X4Pm_n[[zb�Q��Ec\PyfUbq[eS>��P$[ o [\N4Psw o _4t�c\X4Pm_j["bq_�][\NjX�QOw o _�wxf>X�]jP²[xN�bq[O[\N4Psb }B} SUQgÑxS>_j� o f>��PR]©S>_{[\N4PsQ�Pyf�PRwy[�S o _|4c o wyPRQ\QñY�Pm[e�OPmPm_�w o Z©|�Pm[eS>_4t$|4c o wyPRQ\QTS>_4t²b«f�[xPmc\_�bq[eS>��PRQ o _3[\N4POY�b�Q�S�Q oqp Q o Z©P�|4cxPmPy¬nSUQe[eS>_4t�S�_j[\Pmc\_�b«få�w o _�Q\wxS o X�Q�|jfUbq_.��Ò��bq_4PmcBbq_�]�`Gbdcz] o îz�R���4�5ñiQe[\X�]�S>PR]�b°|�bq[eS>Pm_n[OY�P pªo cxPsbq_�]�b p [\PmcDX4_�]jPmc\t o S>_4tEYjSlfUbq[\Pmcybgfibq_n[xPmceS o c

wxS>_4t�Xjf o [ o Z3����` o Qe[ o |�Pmczbq[�S���Pyf����O[xN4Pm� p¨o X4_�] S>ZE|�b«S�cxZEPm_n[ o _���PmcxY®t�Pm_4Pmczbd[eS o _®b�Q3�OPyflf�b�Q3[\N4PV�[\c ojo |�|�bqcyb�]�S>t�Z bq_�] S�]jPm_j[eS p ��S>_4t®Qe[eS>Z3Xjf>X�QE� o cy]4Q3�BNjSUw\N*_�bqZEP{]4bq_4t�Pmc o X�Qbq_jS>Z�bgfUQm�Bb'[zb�Qe��BNjSUwxNacxP T�XjS>c\PRQWbq[\[\Pm_j[eS o _¯[ o wyPmc\[zb«S�_'QePmZ�bq_j[eSUw p PRbd[\X4c\PRQ oqp [xN4Ps� o cz]<�OMON4Pm�{w o _�wxf>X�]jPE[\N�bd[B[\N4Pb }B} �Bb�Qñ_ o [GS>_j� o f>��PR]´S>_�[\N4P�|�PmczwyPm|4[eS o _ odp [\N4PW[zbqc\t�Pm[ o cG[\N4PWPyØJPRwy[�S���P"w o ]�S>_4t oqp [\N4P"Q�[eS>Z²Xjf>X�Qm�b�Q3QeX4t�t�PRQe[\PR]/Yn�'|4c\Pm��S o X�QEbqX4[\N o czQm�ñY4X4[°S�_�[xN4P QePyf>PRwy[eS o _ oqp |4c o wyPRQ\QTS>_4t�bq|4|4c o |4ceSUbq[\P pªo c3[zb�Qe�Py¬4PRwyX4[eS o _.�

$�ª�«%ªWÍ 0 ÈDÇ�Î�Ï21�ÏáÍ4Çeà ΠÏ.ÈDÈ~Ë�ÍjÎ�ÏTÏ.È~ÐL�f�[xN o X4t�N{[xN4Pmc\P$SUQWQeX4Y�Qe[zbq_j[eSUbgfiPm��SU]jPm_�wyPE[ o Q�X4|4| o c\[�[\N4Psc o f�P°�OP$N�bR��P²b�Q\wyc�S�Y�PR]�[ o [\N4P²b }�} S>_[\N4PBcxPRbgf>Z oqp bq[\[\Pm_j[eS o _.�nQ o ZEPBbqX4[\N o cyQ p bR� o c o [\N4Pmc~Py¬4|jfUbq_�bq[eS o _�Q o c~��PmcyQTS o _�Q oqp [\NjSUQDNn�j| o [xN4PRQTSUQm�� _ |�bqc\[�S�wyXjfUbqcg�i[xN4Pmc\P�bq|4|�PRbqczQ$[ o Y�PZ3X�w\N w o _ p X�Q�S o _±S>_ [\N4P3flS>[\Pmczbq[\X4cxP�c\Pmtjbqcz]�S>_4t{[\N4P©c o f>PRQ oqp[\N4P°|4c\P p c o _n[ybgf�w o c\[xPy¬¡î�`~h } ñ�bq_�]^[\N4P²b }B} �43BXjS�[xP odp [\Pm_.�<wyPmc\[zb«S�_ p X4_�wy[�S o _�Q$bqc\P²bd[\[\ceS>Y4X4[\PR]¯[ o[\N4Ps`Dh } Yj��Q o ZEPsbqX4[xN o czQBbq_�]^[ o [\N4Psb }B} Yj� o [xN4Pmc"bqX4[\N o cyQm� � X�w\N odp [\NjSUQWw o _ p X�QTS o _aQe[xPmZ�Qp c o Z�[\N4P p b�wy[O[\N�bq[�[\N4PRQeP$[e� o bdc\PRb�QO� o c\�Q o wxf o QePyf>��[ o t�Pm[\N4PmcR�� _�]jPmPR]<�G� o fU]jZ�bq_4§á�Bbq��SUw9îy�R��{¸�0ñObq_�] � bdY4ceS>Pyf�×½óBc o _�b îz�R��{|R&ñ�N�bg��P3]jPRQ\wyceS>Y�PR]�Q�[\c o _4tc\Pm§

wxS>|4c o wmbgf"w o _4_4PRwy[eS o _�Q©Y�Pm[e�OPmPm_�[\N4P�b }B} bq_�] [\N4P�`~h } � } X4ZEZ3S>_4tnQ¨îz�R���|}&ñ o X4[eflS>_4PRQ�b^Z�bqÒ o cQeX4Y<w o c\[eSUwmbgfOf ono | S�_ �BNjSUwxN�[\N4P b }B} |4c o ÒePRwy[zQ$[ o [\N4P_nX�wxf>PmX�QEb�wmwyX4Z²Y�Pm_�Qm�D�BNjSUw\N |4c o ÒePRwy[zQ°[ o[\N4P$tqf o Y4X�Q�|�bgflf�SU]jX�Qm��[ o [\N4P$[\N�b«f�bdZ²X�Q �³bd_�][\N4Pm_�Y�b�w\�[ o [\N4P$b }B} � � SU]4]�f�Pm[ o _abq_�]¯V�[xceSUw\�3k�cyQe[]jPRQ\wyceS>Y�PR]�[\NjSUQ3f ojo |.�"b�Q3�OPyf�fsb�QEQ�S�Z´S�fUbqc o _4PRQ3S>_j� o f>��S>_4t pªo X4c o [\N4Pmc�w o c\[eSUwmbgf bdc\PRb�Q°S>_�wxf>X�]�S>_4t[\N4PE] o czQ o fUbq[\PmczbgfG| o c\[eS o _ oqp [xN4P´`Dh } �4S>_®�R�|{�Ü9î � SU]4]�f>Pm[ o _ ×#V�[\ceSUwx�:�G�R����ð�ñz� � [sbd|4|�PRbqczQ�[\N�bq[[\N4PswxS>_4t�XjfUbq[\P3bq_�][\N4Ps`Dh } ZbR�©[\NnX�Q�S�_j[\Pmczb�wy[�]�S>c\PRwy[�f��¯[\N4c o X4t�N�[\N4P$Z©PR]�S�b«fv] o cyQ\bgf.[\N�bgfUbqZ3X�Qm�

Page 26: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E��yH�=�L��²ABL K@D;K�C" ½L £ C�>BD � L E�N�?i m ¡LM=7I�?�C7IQL K  "!  ¡C�D#� �R�

MON4PRQeP´S�_j[\Pmczb�wy[eS o _�Q$�OSlflf�Y�P ]�SUQ\wyX�QxQePR] p X4c\[\N4PmcWS>_*V�PRwy[eS o _�Q�ð���R4�î�bq_�]Ëð�� ð��Eh o c$_ o ��S>[$SUQ°QeX¸X�§wxS>Pm_n[G[ o X4_�]jPmczQ�[zbq_�]°[\N4PBwxf o QePBw o _4_4PRwy[eS o _EY�Pm[e��PmPm_3[\N4PO`~h } bd_�]s[xN4P�b }B} �R�BNjSUwxN oqp [xPm_²cxPm_�]jPmczQPy¬4|�PmceS>ZEPm_j[zbgfGc\PRQeXjf>[zQB]�S�X wyXjf>[$[ o S>_j[\Pmc\|4c\Pm[R�

$�ª�«%ª5$ ¬ ÏáÐqÍ4Ï.È~Í4Ë76GÎ�ÏáÏ8È~Ð}~o cxY�Pm[\[zbPm[sb«få�Âîy�R���4��ñBQe[\X�]�S>PR]/[zb�Qe�4Q�S�_ �BNjSUwxN�QeX4Y4ÒePRwy[zQ$�OPmc\PEb�Q���PR]¯[ o ]�SUQe[eS>_4t�XjSUQeN�Y�Pm[e�OPmPm_QeX4Y�QeP T�X4Pm_j[ p czbqZ©PRQ oqp ��SUQeX�bgflf>��]�S�Q�|jf�bg��PR] Z o ��S>_4t o YµÒ�PRwy[zQ ��MON4Pm� p¨o X4_�]�b�wy[eS>��S>[e�¯S�_ [\N4P�b }B}bq_�]'] o czQ o fUbq[\PmczbgfG`~h }�o _jf>�¯�BN4Pm_±QeX4Y4ÒePRwy[zQ$bq[\[\Pm_�]jPR]¯[ o QePm��Pmcybgf�]�SlØ.Pmc\Pm_n[sbd[\[\ceS>Y4X4[\PRQ¢î�Q�X�w\N'b�QQeN�bq|�P��4Qe|�PmPR]<��bd_�]�w o f o ceñ oqp [\N4P o Y4ÒePRwy[zQ~bd[ o _�wyP�� u b�Q�PR] o _[\NjSUQ~Pm��SU]jPm_�wyP��:b��«bqt�X4P bq_�bd[ o Z3SUwmbgfw o c\cxPyf�bd[eS o _�Y�Pm[e��PmPm_�b }B} bq_�]/|4c\PmZ o [ o csbqc\PRb�Qm�Gbq_�]/[\N4P�Q�[\X�]�S>PRQ3Yn� `ñPm[\PmczQePm_±Pm[Ebgfá�Ëîy�R��{��&ñy�` o Qe_4Pmc°Pm[Ebgfá�Ëîz�R��{|{&ñz�.bq_�] `Gbqcz] o Pm[²bgfá�Qîz�R����xÄñz�<[\N4Pm��w o _�wxf>X�]jP�[\N�bd[s[\N4P�bq_j[\PmceS o c²wxS>_4t�XjfUbq[xPSUQEX�Q�PR]®b�Q°[\N4P¯c\PRQe| o _�QeP{QePyf>PRwy[eS o _ bqc\PRb4�DQTS>Z3Slf�bdcS�_ p X4_�wy[�S o _®[ o [\N4P¯|4c\PmZ o [ o c´w o c\[\Py¬.� M�NjS�Qbq|4|�PRbqczQO[ o Y�Psbs| ono cef>� QeX4Y�Q�[zbq_j[eSUbq[\PR]wxf�b«S�Z¯��MON4P$Z o ]jPyf oqp [xN4Psb }B} b�QOb°[zb�Qe�j§ábq[\[\Pm_j[eS o _�bq_�]|4c o wyPRQ\QTS>_4t c\PRwyc\XjS>[\ZEPm_j[�wyPm_j[\Pmc�Py¬4|jfUbgS>_�QE[xN4Pa]4bq[zb¯P T�X�bgflf>�®�OPyflf bq_�]�bgfUQ o w o _ pªo cxZ�Q3[ o bgflf oqp[\N4PEb p¨o c\PmZEPm_j[eS o _4PR]±`"S~M$��f>PRQTS o _.�ñbq_�]±`Gbqcx��S>_�Q o _%w Q$Qe[\X�]�S>PRQm� u �{[\NjSUQ�[\N4P o c\���<[\N4Pb }B} QeN o �"Qb�wy[eS>��S>[��*S>_ [\N4P ]�S���SU]jPR])bd[\[\Pm_j[eS o _ w o _�]�S>[eS o _)Y�PRwmbqX�QeP/S>[�Z²X�Q�[{w o _�Qe[zbq_j[ef>� Qe�OS>[zwxN bq[\[\Pm_j[eS o _Y�Pm[e�OPmPm_��«bdceS o X�Q p PRbq[\X4c\PRQ odp [\N4P o Y4ÒePRwy[zQ3bq_�]�b�wy[�S��qbq[\P¯[\N4P�|�bq[\Nj�BbR�4Q$_4PRwyPRQxQ\bqc\� [ o Pm�«bgf>X�bq[xP[\N o Q�P p PRbq[xX4c\PRQm�� _ b¯QTflS>t�Nn[�f���]�SlØ.Pmc\Pm_n[3`;SDM-Y�b�QePR]±Qe[\X�]j���Dh4ceS>[\N±Pm[Ebgfá�Ëîy�R���4��ñ"w o ZE|�bqc\PR]±wmb�QePRQ oqp ��Pmc\Y�bgf

c\PRQe| o _�QeP°|4c o ]jX�wy[�S o _{S>_¯�BNjSUw\N'c\PRQe| o _�QePRQWbqc\P o cWbqc\P$_ o ["Q�|�PRwxSlk�PR]'Yj��[\N4PsQe[eS>Z3Xjf>X�QW|4c\PRQePm_j[\PR]<�ò N4Pm_s[\N4Pm�sbdc\P~_ o [g�mt�Pm_4Pmczbq[�S�_4t$b�c\PRQe| o _�QePGSUQñ[\Pmc\Z©PR]$bMö�¾�¯W¯�³�À~b�wy[R�ñMON4Pm� p¨o X4_�]$[\N4PO] o czQ o f�bd[\Pmczbgf`~h } bq_�]'[xN4P�b }B} [ o Y�P�b�wy[eS>��P�Q�|�PRwxSlk:wmbgflf>� S�_ b�_jX4Z²Y�Pmc oqp �OSlflf>PR] [zb�Qe�4Qm� }~o _�QTSU]jPmceS>_4t±[\NjSUQbgf o _4t3�OS>[\N[\N4PBc\PRQ�Xjf�[yQ odp `Gbqcz] o Pm[Bbgfá�Jîz�R���|x&ñz�q[\N4Pm��w o _�wxf�X�]jP$[xN�bq[~[\N4P$b }B} SUQ�w o _�wyPmc\_4PR]�OS>[\Nc\PRQe| o _�QeP�QePyf>PRwy[eS o _�bd_�]�bq[x[\Pm_n[�S o _.�a� o ��Pm��PmcR�<S>[3SUQ3bqtnbgS>_ X4_4_4PRwyPRQ\Q\bqcx��[ o b�Q\wyceS>Y�P�[\N4P�c o f>P oqpc\PRQe| o _�QeP3QePyf>PRwy[eS o _{[ o [\N4Psb }B} [ o Py¬4|jfUbgS>_'[\N4PRQeP$c\PRQeXjf>[zQ �h8S>_�bgflf>���4�OPmZ3f>Pm��� ò SlfUQ o _.�4×�V�_4Pm[\N4Pmc\_ îz�R�|{4��ñ pªo X4_�]´[\N�bq[ñf>PRQTS o _�Q oqp [\N4P"b }�} S�_czbq[yQñNjS�_�]jPmc

[\N4PyS>cBbqYjSlflS�[�S�PRQ�[ o |4c o ]jX�wyPsb«f�[xPmc\_�bq[eS>_4tEQeP T�X4Pm_�wyPRQm�~`GcxPRQeX4Z�bqYjf>���4b�QD[\N4P"wxS>_4t�XjfUbq[\PWSUQOb°c\PyfUbq[eS>��Pyf>�o fU]®Q�[\c\X�wy[\X4c\P��D�OP�Z3S>t�Nj[Ec\PRb�Q o _�[\N�bq[E[\N4P{wxS>_4t�XjfUbq[xP{S>_*Z�bq_�|�Pmc pªo cxZ�Q3PRQ\QePm_j[eSUbgflf>�®[\N4P{QxbqZEPp X4_�wy[eS o _�Q$b�QDS>[s] o PRQOS>_'czbq[zQ ��MON4P3bqX4[\N o cyQ"w o _�wxf>X�]jP3[\N�bq[�[\N4PEb }B} SUQ�c\PRQe| o _�QTS>Yjf�P pªo cWZ�bgS>_j[\Pm§_�bq_�wyP oqp c\PRQ�| o _�QePsQ�P T�X4Pm_�wyPRQm� � [DSUQOwxf>PRbqcB[\N�bq[D[\N4Pmc\P�SUQDS>_�QeX¸X wxS>Pm_n[$]4bq[zb�[ o QeX4|4| o c\[O[\NjSUQ�wxfUbgS>Z{�� bq_j� o [\N4PmcW[\N4P o ceS>PRQm��S>_�wxf>X�]�S>_4t o X4c o ��_.�:bqcxP²wmbq|�bqYjf>P odp Py¬³|jfUbgS>_jS>_4t'[\N4P3c\PRQeXjf>[zQm� � _'|�bqcx[eSUwyX4§fUbqcR��Y�PRwmbqX�Q�P²cybq[zQO[\c�S�PR]^[ o Z�bq��Psbq[�f�PRb�Qe[ Q o ZEPscxPRQe| o _�Q�PRQWPm��Pm_{�OS>[\N¯Z�bqÒ o c"b }B} f>PRQTS o _�Qm�<[\N4Pm�c\PRb�Q o _'[\N�bq[W[\N4P�wxS>_4t�XjfUbq[\P�w o Xjf�]/_ o [WY�PEcxPRQe| o _�Q�S�Yjf>P p¨o cWc\PRQe| o _�QeP3S>_jS>[eSUbq[eS o _.��� o �OPm��PmcR�µS p �OP

Page 27: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E��yH�=�L��²ABL K@D;K�C" ½L £ C�>BD � L E�N�?i m ¡LM=7I�?�C7IQL K  "!  ¡C�D#� R�x

w o _�QTSU]jPmcW[\N4P p b�wy[O[\N�bq[O[\N4P$czbq[yQ~N�b�]Y�PmPm_{Py¬4[\Pm_�QTS>��Pyf>�¯[\czbgS>_4PR] o _�[\N4P$[yb�Qe�E|4ceS o c�[ o3o |�Pmczbd[eS o _.�S>[OSUQBPm_j[eS>c\Pyf>��| o Q\QTS>Yjf>Ps[\N�bq[Wb²Q�PRw o _�]4bqc\��b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS>��P$|�bq[xNn�Bbg�EN�b�]Y�Pmt�X4_{[ o f>PRbqc\_'Q o ZEP oqp [\N4P|4c o |�Pmcsc\PRQ�| o _�QePRQW[ o [\N4PE|4c\PRQePm_�wyP oqp [\N4P3Y�bqcyQW[ o Y�PE|4cxPRQ\QePR]<�EMONjX�Qm�<�OS>[\N�b }B} f>PRQTS o _.�ñ[\N4PRQePbqX4[ o Z�bq[eSUwW|�bq[\Nj�Bbg�³Qv��PmcxPsbqYjf>Ps[ o |4c o ]jX�wyP3Q o ZEP$|�bqcx[eSUbgflf��{w o c\c\PRwy["b�wy[�S o _�Qm�

$�ª�«%ª98 *�Â�1�1­Ç:Å�:� _ QeX4ZEZ�bqcx���.Y�b�QePR] o _�bgflf�bg�qbgSlf�bdYjf�PPm��S�]jPm_�wyP��v[\N4PEZ o Q�[Wf�S>��Pyf>�±c o f>P oqp [\N4P�b }�} S�_ w o ZE|jf>Py¬J�NjS>t�N4PmcO[zb�Qe�4QGQeX�wxN b�QGN�bg��POY�PmPm_�]�SUQ\wyX�Q\QePR]©SUQvS>_�Z�b«S�_j[zbgS>_jS>_4tEbq[\[\Pm_j[eS o _E[ o [\N4P"wyX4c\c\Pm_j[~[yb�Qe�Ebq_�]S>_{b�wy[eS>�«bd[eS>_4tE[\N o QePWc\PmtqS o _�Q oqp [\N4P"Y4cybgS>_{wmbq|�bqYjf>P oqp |�Pmc pªo c\Z3S>_4t3[\NjSUQO[zb�Qe�<� ò PWZ²X�Q�[R��N o �OPm��PmcR�Y�Pwmbqc\P p Xjf~_ o [$[ o c\Pmtnbqcz]¯[\NjSUQ°b�QW[\N4P°fUb�Qe[$� o cz] o _'[\N4P°SUQ\QeX4P��Er$bq[yb3SUQsQ�[eSlf�fBQe|�bqczQ�P´bd_�]{Zbq_n��«bdceSUbq[eS o _�Q o _±[\NjSUQ°t�Pm_4Pmczbgf p czbqZEPm� o cx�abqc\P3| o Q\QTS>Yjf>P���L$]4]�S�[�S o _�bgflf����OQTS>ZE|jf>� �n_ o �OS>_4t{[xN�bq[$[\N4Pb }B} |jfUbR�4Q ¹�[)Y*³@]$[�¯�³GS>_[\N4PRQePB|4c o wyPRQ\Q�PRQ�] o PRQG_ o [~[\Pyflf.X�Q Êy[�öJY¦·m°�Ê oqp b$c o f�P�S>[~|jfUbg�³Q � � [Ow o XjfU]w o ZE|4c�S�Q�P$[\N4P"Pm_j[eS>c\PsQe�4Qe[\PmZ o cDS>[Bw o XjfU]{QTS>ZE|jf>�Y�P o _4PWflS>_4�S>_{b°�«b�Qe[O_4Pm[e� o c\� p¨o cOZ�bgS>_n[ybgS>_jS�_4tbq[\[xPm_n[eS o _{bd_�]�QePyf>PRwy[eS>_4t pªo cBb�wy[�S o _.�

����� �P�"���)� �@�¡áe�@�$� �e�;�e���{�Z�e�;� �e�iÝ��¡���/,ú�@�¿�¡�üÿMON4P|4c\P p c o _j[zbgf�w o c\[\Py¬.� u c o ]jZ�bq_4_%w Q²bdc\PRb�Q�{q§\� R4� o wmwyX4|jS>PRQ*}�x¸Ä oqp [\N4P{w o cx[eSUwmbgf�Qe|�b�wyPS�_�NjX4§Z�bq_�Q©bq_�] SUQ©Y�PyflS>Pm��PR]�[ o Q�X4Y�QePmc\��P'b±�OSU]jP¯czbq_4t�P oqp NjS>t�N4Pmc p X4_�wy[eS o _�Qm�DS>_�wxf>X�]�S�_�t�wyc\PRbd[eS>��S>[e���bq[\[xPm_n[eS>��Pm_4PRQxQm�j|�PmczQ o _�bgf p PmPyflS>_4tnQm��bd_�]E� o cefU]©��S>Pm��îx� o fU]jZ�bq_4§á��bq��SUwq�.�g��{�ð�Y�ñz�ñMON4Ps`~h } wmbd_�Y�P|�bqc\[�S�[�S o _4PR]S>_n[ o [e� o ]�SUQe[eS>_�wy[Wc\PmtqS o _�Qm��]�S�Q�c\Pmtnbqcz]�S>_4t[\N4P²b }B} �j�BNjSUw\N^SUQBQ o ZEPm[�S�Z©PRQ"w o _�Q�S�]jPmcxPR]b�|�bdc\[ oqp [xN4P�`~h } î } X4ZEZ3S>_4tnQm�D�R����}&ñy�²MON4PRQ�P bqcxPRb�Q$bqc\PE[xN4P3fUbq[\Pmczbgf o c\YjS>[zbgf�w o c\[xPy¬/bd_�]'[\N4P] o czQ o fUbq[\Pmczbgf<|4c\P p c o _j[zbgfJw o c\[\Py¬¹î�]�fU`Dh } ñy�³r$bdZ�bqt�PB[ o [xN4P p¨o c\ZEPmcOc\PRQ�Xjf�[yQDS>_�Z�bqc\��PR]wxN�bq_4t�PRQvS>_|�PmcyQ o _�bgflS>[e���³Q�X�w\N�b�QñPy¬³NjS>YjS>[\PR]©S>_E[\N4P p bqZ o X�QO�R�q[\NEwyPm_j[\X4c\�Ewmb�QeP odp `GNjS>_4PRb�Q��$bqt�P��q[\N4PBcybgSlf�c o b�]� o c\��PmcG��N o QeX4c\��S>��PR]Eb�[zbqZE|jS>_4t²Q�|jS���P"c\PmZ o ��S>_4t²b f�bdc\t�PB| o c\[eS o _ odp [xNjS�QDbqc\PRb4� � [~N�b�QDbgfUQ o Y�PmPm_QeX4t�t�PRQe[\PR][\N�bq[�[\N4PWfUbq[\Pmczbgf o c\YjS>[zbgf�w o c\[\Py¬�X4_�]jPmceflS�PRQ o Y�QePmc\�«bd_�wyP oqp c\Xjf>PRQ p¨o c"Q o wxSUbgf.S>_j[\Pmczb�wy[�S o _î\�Wczb p Z�bq_.�.�R����ð�ñz�Wr$bqZ�bqt�P$[ o [\N4PE]�fU`~h } � o _'[\N4P o [\N4Pmc$N�bq_�]<��SUQW_ o c\Z�b«f�f>�'w\N�bqcyb�wy[\PmceS>ÖmPR]¯Yn�]jPyk:wxS>[zQ°S>_�ÑyPy¬4PRwyX4[eS>��P p X4_�wy[eS o _aÒ bq_�]±Z o [ o c°|4c o t�czbdZEZ3S>_4tabqY4_ o c\Z�bgflS>[eS>PRQm� � [3[\NjX�Q3bq|4|�PRbdczQ[\N�bq[D[\N4Ps] o czQ o fUbq[\Pmczbgf<c\PmtqS o _©SUQO[\N4PW| o c\[�S o _ oqp [\N4P `Dh } w o c\[\Py¬ o _���NjS�wxN��OP o X4t�Nn[D[ o°pªo wyX�QvS>_Z o ]jPyflf�S>_4t�� o cz]�b�Q\Q o wxS�bd[eS o _.�;�<>= ý�ø$k�û�ùVü�ý|ð6k���ø�û�ùV÷��e��¨�ü���$&������¡����� �j����&������@� `)�.�'��+,��2B��� ��&��"&�� �É!U���&a&��)�$&¿��&e��e����1�1�18'� ��5-���6�¸< ã ��(��6���������f���&7��6��� �&�������!f���¨&���&����;�$9��������1�e���.��&�����a�$!e����(���8f����9���� ����� �������� ;&���h�7�� �����$7`��4�� �,��� (3�.�7` ����+������ ����9���� (@���� �,!W�$�"�1�1�4��;� �����������<

Page 28: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E��yH�=�L��²ABL K@D;K�C" ½L £ C�>BD � L E�N�?i m ¡LM=7I�?�C7IQL K  "!  ¡C�D#� R4�

$�ªË©¨ª�« ? È;­"ÏA@;ÏåÎ�ÏáÏ.È�Ï<Ì 0 ÂvÎdÏ41 Ç�Î�ÏTÍ Á Ë�ÐB6BÏ.È~ÐqË�ÐóB_4P oqp [xN4PEZ o Qe[$Qe[\X�]�S>PR]'|4c o |�Pmc\[�S�PRQ oqp |4c\P p c o _j[zbgf~]j�³Q p X4_�wy[eS o _ÆS�Q�[\N4PEbq|4|�bqc\Pm_j[$]�S4X�wyXjf�[e� p¨o cbq_ o c\tnbd_jS�Q�Z¦S>_ S>_4NjS>YjS>[eS>_4tÇ´a]$³�´�[|\�³�¶¡\fv©Y4X4[3S>_�bq|4|4c o |4ceSUbq[\P�c\PRQe| o _�QePRQÂîx� o fU]jZ�bq_4§á��bq��SUwq�B�g��{¸�y~`Gbqcz] o Pm[Bbgfá�>�<�R���|xm~4�Wczb p Z�bq_.���g����ða~4�BbgSUwxNjf>PsPm[Bbgfá�>�<�R����ð�ñz�D�"czb p Z�bq_ îz�R����ð�ñic\Pm| o c\[zQD[\N�bq[BQeX�wxNNjX4Z�bq_ |�bq[eS>Pm_n[yQ²bdc\P odp [\Pm_�]�SUQe[\czb�wy[\PR] Yn�ÆS�cxc\Pyf>Pm�«bq_j[�Qe[eS>Z3XjflS"bq_�] N�bg��P�]�S�X wyXjf>[e����PmPm|jS>_4t±[\N4Po X4[zQ�S�]jP©� o cefU] p c o Z¦wmbqX�QTS>_4t{cxPRQe| o _�Q�S���P o csw o _�]�S�[�S o _4PR] Y�PmN�bg��S o cyQ$Y�P p¨o c\P´f�PRbdc\_4PR]'�j_ o ��f�PR]jt�Pbq_�]c\Xjf>PRQWwmbq_�S>_j[\PmczwyPR]jP��

óB_'[\N4P o [\N4Pmc$N�bq_�]<�.hµceS>[\N{Pm[sb«få�¢îz�g���4��ñ�w o _�wxf�X�]jP p c o Z»[\N4PyS>c$|4c\Pm��S o X�QTf>�±]jPRQ\wyceS>Y�PR] Qe[\X�]j�[\N�bq[W[\N4PE]�fU`~h } SUQ$w o _�wyPmcx_4PR]'�OS>[\N¯S>_n[\Pmcx_�bgf~c\PRQe| o _�QeP3t�Pm_4Pmczbq[�S o _�S>_±�OSlflf>PR]±[zb�Qe�³Q �"MON4PRQeP p b�wy§[ o cyQ"QeX4t�t�PRQe[sb©Z o ]jPyfGS>_±��NjS�wxN±[\N4PE]�fU`~h } N�b�QW[e� o ]�SUQe[�S�_�wy[ p X4_�wy[�S o _�Qm��S�_4NjS>YjS>[eS>_4t±|4c\Pm| o [\Pm_j[c\PRQe| o _�QePRQ3bq_�]'t�Pm_4Pmczbq[eS>_4t{|4c o |�Pmc°c\PRQe| o _�QePRQm�LBf>[\N o X4t�N�[xNjS�Q�SUQ$| o Q\QTS>Yjf>P��~b¯QTS>ZE|jf>Pmc²Z o ]jPyfDS�QbgfUQ o wmbq|�bqYjf>P oqp Py¬³|jfUbgS>_jS>_4t±[\N4P o Y�QePmc\�«bd[eS o _�Qm� � _ [\NjSUQs]jPRQ�S�t�_.�i[xN4P´]�fU`Dh } Z�bg�{_ o [$Py¬4|jflS�wxS>[ef>�S>_4NjS>YjS�[O|4c\Pm| o [\Pm_j[Gc\PRQe| o _�QePRQm��Y4X4[ñS�_3[\N4PBbqY�Q�Pm_�wyP oqp b��OSlflf>PR]Ec\PRQ�| o _�QeP�t�Pm_4Pmczbq[\PR]�Yn�°[\N4PB]�fU`~h } �Q o Z©Ps|4c\Pm| o [\Pm_j["c\PRQ�| o _�QePRQ�Z�bg�Z�bq_jS p PRQ�["[\N4PmZQePyf>��PRQm�BL�f>[\Pmc\_�bq[xPyf����<[xN4P²]�fU`~h } w o Xjf�]¯Y�P o _jf>�S>_�]�S>c\PRwy[ef>��cxPRQe| o _�Q�S�Yjf>P p¨o cWS>_4NjS>YjS�[�S�_4t |4c\Pm| o [\Pm_j[sc\PRQe| o _�QePRQm�8| o QxQTS>Yjf��/[\N4c o X4t�NÆS�[yQsw o _4_4PRwy[eS o _�Q�OS>[\N¯[\N4Psb }B} �

$�ªË©¨ª�© ¬ Ë4Î�­~ÏGÉDÐÌ�Ï8ÅaÕ©Å�Ï2@;ÃTËC1 *GÏ%Ã9D;ÏTÈ�EMON4PEZ o Qe[²w o ZEZ o _'[\PRQe[yQ o _±��NjS�wxN |4c\P p c o _n[ybgf�QeX4Y4ÒePRwy[zQsbdc\P pªo X4_�]/[ o Py¬4NjS>YjS�[]�S4X�wyXjf�[�S�PRQ©bqc\P[\N4PGF0¾'¹Q°�[)¶a¹�¾'¶IH"µ)]$ÀKJ¡[�]Q\'¾'¶�ºMLa³,¹Q\ñbq_�]¯[\N4PONæ³�¯�µ)Å�³.ÀBPRQj³,¹�´m[)¶a¹�³+Laµ)¹�±«� � _'[\N4P ò SUQ\w o _�QTS>_ } bqcz]V o c\[�S�_4t'M.PRQ�[R�GQeX4Y4ÒePRwy[zQsbqcxPE[ o ]jPm[\Pmc\Z´S�_4P���SUb�[\c�S�b«f�§ábd_�]j§¨Pmc\c o c3[\N4PE|4c o |�Pmc p PRbq[\X4c\PRQ oqp b¯QePm[ oqpwmbqcz]4Q�Y�b�QePR] o _�BNjSUw\N¯[\N4Pswmbqcz]4Q�bqc\PW[ o Y�Ps|4c o |�Pmcef>��Q o c\[xPR]<�Gó"wmwmb�QTS o _�bgflf>���<[\N4Psw o c\c\PRwy[BQ o c\[eS>_4tbq[\[xceS>Y4X4[\P°S�Q$Q�S�f>Pm_j[ef>��wxN�bq_4t�PR]'bq_�]±QeX4YµÒ�PRwy[zQ$bdc\Psc\P T�XjS>c\PR]'[ o ]jPm[xPmc\Z3S>_4PE[\NjSUQW_4Pm��wyc�S�[xPmceS o _.� � [SUQ°��PyflfOPRQe[zbqYjflSUQeN4PR]/[\N�bq[ p c o _j[zbgfG|�bq[eS>Pm_j[zQ$N�bg��P©[\c o X4Yjf>P�wxN�bq_4tqS>_4t'[ o _4Pm�-Z©Pm[\N o ]4Q oqp Q o f>��S�_4t[\N4P3[zb�Q����BN4Pm_'c\P T�XjS>c\PR]�î\� o fU]jZ�bq_4§á�Bbd��SUwq�G�R��{��y~.�Wczb p Z�bq_.�ñ�R����ð¿~��BbgSUwxNjf�PPm[$bgfá�>�i�g����ð�ñz�WMON4Pw o ZEZ o _�Py¬³|jfUbq_�bq[�S o _ p¨o c�[\NjSUQSUQ¯[\N�bq[{Q�X4Y4Ò�PRwy[yQ�bqc\P'N�bg��S>_4t�]�S�X wyXjf>[e��S>_4NjS>YjS>[eS>_�t |4c\Pm| o [\Pm_j[c\PRQe| o _�QePRQm�

ò PEZ3X�Qe[$Y�P�wmbqc\P p Xjfá�iN o �OPm��PmcR��S>_ N o �-�OPEw\N�bqcyb�wy[\PmceS>ÖmP�b½Ñyc\PRQe| o _�QeP Ò4� } f>PRbqcef>�'�BN�bq[°[\N4PQeX4Y4ÒePRwy[zQñbqc\P p bgSlflS>_4ts[ o S>_4NjS>YjS�[g��S p S�_�]jPmPR]©[\N4Pmc\PvSUQñPm��Pm_°S�_4NjS>YjS>[eS o _©S>_n� o f���PR]<�qSUQñ_ o [Gbq_Eb�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS>��Pc\PRQe| o _�QeP oqp [xN4P�[e�j|�P3S>_j� o f>��PR]ÆS�_ o X4c°� o cz]'b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _ [zb�Qe�<�.Y4X4[3b�ZEPm[\N o ] p¨o c²Q o f>��S>_4t'[\N4P|4c o Yjf>PmZ{�$MONjSUQ$]�SUQe[eS>_�wy[eS o _/Y�Pm[e�OPmPm_ ]$³,¹�´m[)¶a¹�³"bq_�]¢Y*³ \'Êy[�ÀMÈ�[)]gº�³�¶e³�]$µ�\'¾'¶�º0µ0]$³�¹�´�[)¶¿¹Q³�N�b�Q�_ o [S Ó²Ö�ÿ)ýÐÖ:÷$û�ý$��û����6�`)��� ��"��7�.���;/%�,�����g��þ�������� 7�.&����6��7���M`)�$/e���7�.�É���/T)� ��� �����m`-���'��+���23� ���j&�� `��'���;����(M�$!e&�� ��2��&����J+�2B`��'���.����6&'��9���&'2�<

Page 29: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E��yH�=�L��²ABL K@D;K�C" ½L £ C�>BD � L E�N�?i m ¡LM=7I�?�C7IQL K  "!  ¡C�D#� R�R

|4c\Pm��S o X�QTf>�'Y�PmPm_ Z�b�]jP3Y4X4[WSUQm�._4Pm��Pmcx[\N4Pyf>PRQ\Qm�ibwyc\X�wxSUbgf o _4P��sL$QW[\N4PE]�fU`~h } SUQW[\N4P�bqc\PRb©�BNjSUwxN|4c\PRQeX4ZbqYjf>�at�Pm_4Pmczbq[\PR]¯[\N4P o ceS>tqS>_�bgf~ZEPm[\N o ]<�<S>_4NjS>YjS>[eS>_4t o c$c\Pm|jfUb�wxS>_4t�S>[°_4PmPR] o _jf>�'Y�P�b©f o wmbgf|4c o wyPR]jX4c\P�bq_�]¯[\NjSUQ°b�Qe|�PRwy[ odp [\N4PE]�fU`~h } |4c o Y�bqYjf>�±] o PRQ$_ o [WPm_n[xPmcWS�_j[ o [\N4P©|4c o wyPRQxQ oqp � o cz]b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _¯|4czb�wy[eSUwyPm§¨c\PyfUbq[xPR]f>PRbqc\_jS>_4t��

$�ªË©¨ªWÍ *ñÎ�Ï.Å�ÇUE.Ë�Ï<ÌV*W:�1X@BÏ%Ã�ÏáÍ Á ËC6DÅ�Ë�ÐqË�È8Î�Ç�Î�ÏTÏ.È~Ð� _3[\N4POY�b�Q�S�w�]jPyf�bg��PR]j§¨cxPRQe| o _�Q�PB[zb�Qe�<�qQeX4Y4ÒePRwy[zQJîá[e�n|jSUwmbgflf>�sZ o _4��Pm�4Q o c.S>_ p bq_j[zQ,ñ o Y�QePmc\��PBbq_ o YµÒ�PRwy[Y�PyS>_4t±|jfUb�wyPR]/S>_j[ o'o _4P oqp [�� o YjS�_�Q �{L p [xPmc´Q o ZEP�]jPyfUbg���G[\N4Pm��bdc\P b«f�f o �OPR]±[ o [\c\�'[ o k�_�] [\N4Po Y4ÒePRwy[R�GMONjSUQO[zb�Qe��bq_�] o [xN4PmczQDflS>��PWS>[BN�bg��P$Y�PmPm_{QeN o �B_�[ o cxPyf�� o _{]�fU`~h }�p X4_�wy[eS o _Ëî\� o fU]jZ�bq_4§�Bbq��SUwq�B�R��{��0ñz��M�N4Pm�Æb«f�fBQeN�bqc\P[\N4PE|4c o |�Pmc\[e�'[\N�bq[3Q o ZEP´S�_ p¨o c\Zbq[eS o _±c\Pyf>Pm�qbq_n[3[ o [\N4P o X4[yQTSU]jP� o cefU]¯Z3X�Qe[$Y�PEcxPm|4c\PRQePm_j[\PR]¯S>_�b|�PmcyQTSUQe[\Pm_j[²Qe[ o czbqt�P°ZEPRw\N�bd_jS�Q�Z{� � [WSUQ$|4cxPRQeX4ZEPR]'[\N�bd[$[\NjSUQ�S�Qf o wmbd[\PR]°S>_�[xN4P"]�fU`~h } ��bgf>[\N o X4t�N´S�[vSUQ�wxf>PRbqc�f��©| o Q\Q�S�Yjf>PW[\N�bq[ñS>[GSUQOQTS>ZE|jf>�Ƶ�°�°�³�¹�¹Q³�À~Yj�s[xN4P"]�fU`~h } �

ò S>[\N{]4bqZbqt�P$[ o3o c o _jf���|�bdc\[eSUbgf�]jPm��Pyf o |4Z©Pm_n[ oqp [\N4P$|4c\P p c o _j[zbgfiw o c\[\Py¬.�4QeX4Y4ÒePRwy[zQDS>_a]jPyfUbg�[zb�Q��³Q°QeN o ��|�PmczQePm��Pmcybq[eS o _ oqpOp¨o c\ZEPmcef>��QeX�wmwyPRQ\Q p XjfBc\PRQe| o _�QePRQÂî\� o fU]jZ�bq_4§á�Bbd��SUwq�W�R��{�ð�Y%~�� o fU]j§Z�bq_4§á��bq��SUwq�G�R�|{¸�0ñz�~r�SUbqZ o _�]Ëîz�g��{�{&ñ~cxPeÒ�PRwy[zQ�[\N4P3Py¬³|jfUbq_�bq[�S o _ oqpGp c o _j[zbgf p X4_�wy[eS o _jS>_4t�S>_'[\Pmc\Z�Qoqp |�PmczQePm��Pmczbd[eS o _ o c pªo c\t�Pm[\[eS>_4t���V�N4PE|4c o | o QePRQ�[\N�bq[W[\N4P3[e� o Y�b�QTSUw3bqYjSlflS>[eS>PRQ²]jPm|�Pm_�]jPm_n[ o _'[\N4Pp c o _j[zbgf�w o c\[\Py¬Ebqc\POc\PyfUbq[eS>_4tWS>_ pªo c\Z�bq[eS o _ o ��Pmc�Qe|�b�wyP o cG[eS>ZEPBbq_�]°S>_4NjS>YjS>[eS>_4tE|4c\PR] o Z´S�_�bd_n[Ob�wy[eS o _[\Pm_�]jPm_�wxS>PRQm��rWPmN�bqPm_4P{× } N�bq_4t�PmXj¬�îz�R�|{��&ñBY�PyflS>Pm��P'[\N�bq[°[\N4P{]�fU`~h } w o ZE|�Pm[xPRQ3�OS>[\N�b�f o �OPmcf>Pm��Pyf~wmbq|�bqYjf>P oqp f>PRbqc\_jS>_4t{Qe[eS>Z3Xjf>X�Qe§¨c\PRQe| o _�QePEb�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _�Qm�<QeX�wxN±b�QO[\N4P3bqX4[ o Z�bd[eSUw$|�bq[\Nj�Bbg�3S>_c\Pm|�PRbq[\PR]�� o cy]�b�QxQ o wxSUbq[�S o _�f>PRbqc\_jS>_4t��� o fU]jZ�bq_4§á�Bbd��SUw¨îz�R��{��0ñz�jN o ��Pm��PmcR�4c\Pm| o c\[\PR]�f>�{Y�PyflS�Pm��PRQ$[\N�bq[�[\N4P p X4_�]4bqZEPm_j[zbgf.S>ZE|�b«S�cxZEPm_n[

SUQñ_ o [~b p bgSlf�X4cxPB[ o S�_4NjS>YjS>[O|4c\Pm| o [\Pm_n[GcxPRQe| o _�Q�PRQñY4X4[G[\N4POY4c\PRbq�4] o ��_ odp [\N4POZEPRwxN�bq_jSUQeZ+Yj�s�BNjSUwxNQe�jZ3Y o flSUwDc\Pm|4c\PRQePm_j[zbq[eS o _�Qñbqc\POQe[ o cxPR] o cGb�wmwyPRQ\QePR]<�GMON4PDc\PRQe| o _�QePRQñ[ o ��NjS�wxNEQeN4POc\P p PmczQi] o bq|4|�PRbqc[ o Y�P oqp [\N4Psb�Q\Q o wxS�bd[eS>��Ps��S>_�]{bq_�]�bqcxP"[\NjX�QOc\Pyf>Pm�qbq_n[W[ o3o X4c"Q�[\X�]j���~��Pmc"QeX4t�t�PRQ�[eS o _{bq|4|�PRbdczQO[ ob�wmw o cy]{��S�[xN o X4c"PRbqc�f�S>Pmc°| o Qe[xXjf�bd[\P3[\N�bq[�S�_4NjS>YjS>[eS o _/SUQ o _jf>�ÆbQePRw o _�]4bdc\� o cWPmZEPmc\t�Pm_n[ p X4_�wy[�S o _oqp [\N4P�]�fU`~h } �.� o �OPm��Pmcg� o _4P�wmbq_4_ o [$Y�P wyPmcx[zbgS>_�bq[$[\NjSUQ�| o S>_j[s�BN4Pm[\N4Pmc°Py¬³|jflSUwxS>[3S>_4NjS>YjS�[�S o _ S�Q_4PRwyPRQ\Q\bdc\���

$�ªË©¨ª5$ 'WÇ<È�E%ÂDÇUE.Ë�Ç<È~ÉZY»Ï.Å�É 0 ÐqÐqÏGÍmÏáÇ�Î�ÏáÏ8Èu b�QePR] o _�`;SDM+Qe[\X�]�S>PRQ oqp � o cz]¯c\PRb�]�S�_4t'bq_�] o [xN4Pmc$��Pmc\Y�bgf~[zb�Qe�³Q �.` o Qe_4Pmc$Pm[²b«få�Âîy�R��{�{&ñON�bg��Pw o _�wxf>X�]jPR] [\N�bq[$[xN4P�bq_j[\PmceS o c$f>P p [ p c o _j[zbgfGf o Y�PESUQ×Ñ c\PyfUbq[\PR]/[ o [\N4PE[\N4PQePmZ�bq_j[eSUw3_4Pm[e� o c\�aQ�X4|4§| o c\[eS>_4t3[\N4P"[e�j|�P odp � o cz]Eb�QxQ o wxSUbq[�S o _�QGS>_j� o f>��PR]´S>_�[\N4PBt�Pm_4Pmczbd[\P bd_�]EZ o _jS�[ o ceS>_4t3[zb�Qe�4Q$ÒW�BNjSUwxN

Page 30: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E��yH�=�L��²ABL K@D;K�C" ½L £ C�>BD � L E�N�?i m ¡LM=7I�?�C7IQL K  "!  ¡C�D#� R�}

�OP²bqcxP²Qe[\X�]j��S>_4t��"M�N4PyS�csw o _�wxf�X�Q�S o _±Z�bg��Y�P3bEYjS>[$[ ojo k�cxZ{��tdS���Pm_{[\N4P°S>_ pªo c\Z�bq[eS o _'wxS>[\PR]<�<Y4X4[S>["bq|4|�PRbqczQ�[ o Y�P²w o _jk�c\ZEPR]�Yj��QePm|�bqczbq[xPWS�_j��PRQe[�S�tjbq[eS o _�QOYj� Ô bd|4X4c"Pm["b«få�Nîz�R����ð�ñz�Ô bd|4X4cBPm["bgfá�~Qe|�PRwxSlk:wmbgflf�� p¨o wyX�Q�PR] o _�[\N4P$c o f>P oqp [\N4PWf>P p [W`~h } S>_{��Pmc\Y�b«fJ|4c o wyPRQ\Q�S�_4t���MON4Pm�

k�_�]'[\N�bd[$[\N4P3c o f>P oqp [\N4P`~h } |4X4c\Pyf>�¯S>_�wmb�QePRQ S>_n� o f���S>_4t{�OSlflf>PR]�b�wy[eS o _'SUQ$_ o [$QeX4Y�Qe[ybq_n[�S�bd[\PR]<�_ o cDSUQDS>[zQOc\PRQ�| o _�QTS>YjSlflS>[��^S>_{|4c o ]jX�wxS>_4t o ��Pmc\[OQe| o ��Pm_�c\PRQe| o _�QePRQ o cDS>_{|4c o wyPRQ\Q�PRQBQe|�PRwxSlk:w�[ o ��Pmc\Yt�Pm_4Pmczbd[eS o _.�B�Bbq[\N4Pmcg��[\N4Pm�{bdt�c\PmPs��S�[xNa`ñPm[\PmczQ�Pm_a×�h8S>PmÖ�îz�R����}&ñG[\N�bq[W[\N4P²]�fU`Dh } SUQOS>_j� o f>��PR]^S>_[\N4PE|4c o wyPRQ\Q�S�_4t oqp QePmZbq_n[�S�w²S�_ p¨o c\Zbq[eS o _.��M�N4Pm�a��S>Pm��[\N4P�]�fU`~h } b�Q°bc\PmtqS o _�Qe|�PRwxSUbgflS>ÖmPR] p¨o cZ�bq_jS>|4XjfUbq[eS>_4tEQePmZ�bd_n[eSUwOcxPm|4c\PRQePm_j[zbq[eS o _�Q o cBÑ � o c\��S>_4t$�OS>[\N©ZEPRbq_jS>_4tyÒ$[ o c\PRb�w\N�b$Q�|�PRwxSlk�PR]t o bgfá�L�f�[xN o X4t�N��OP"ZbR�b�wmwyPm|4[O[\NjSUQBb�QOb°|�bqc\[eSUbgf<c o f>P��4�OP o X4t�Nn[O_ o [D[ o c\Xjf>P o X4[O[\N4P$�«b�Qe[O_nX4Z3Y�Pmc oqp_ o _4§ÝflS>_4t�XjSUQe[eSUwE] o ZbgS>_�Q p¨o cO�BNjSUw\N¯[\N4P²]�fU`Dh } bd|4|�PRbqczQ�[ o Y�P$P T�X�bgflf>�aQe|�PRwxSUbgflS�ÖmPR]<�

$�ªË©¨ª98 0 ÈDÇ�Î�Ï21�ÏáÍ4Çeà ΠÏ.ÈDÈ~Ë�ÍjÎ�ÏTÏ.È~ÐMON4Ps]�fU`~h } | o Q\QePRQ\Q�PRQBPy¬4[\Pm_�QTS>��P°c\PRwxS>|4c o wmb«f�w o _4_4PRwy[eS o _�Q�[ oEo [xN4Pmc"w o c\[eSUwmbgf.c\PmtdS o _�Q"bq_�][ o Q�X4Y4§w o c\[�S�wmb«fJQe[\cxX�wy[\X4c\PRQ~Q�X�w\N�b�QG[xN4P"[\N�b«f�bdZ²X�Q ��Y�b�Q\b«f:tnbq_4tdf�SUb4�4bq_�]©Pm��Pm_E[xN4P wyPmc\PmY�Pyflf�X4Z î\� o fU]jZ�bq_4§�Bbq��SUwq�<�R��{�ð�Y%~ } X4ZEZ3S>_4tnQm���R����}m~j�Wczb p Z�bq_.�j�R����ð¿~��<PyS>_4PmcR�4�<PyS>_4Pmc�×­r o �°�4�R���4��~jVnwxN4Z�bqN4Zbq_4_.��R���µ��~ � S�]4]�f>Pm[ o _)× V�[\c�S�wx�<�$�R����ð�ñy�®L$wmw o cz]�S>_4t�[ o�} X4ZEZ3S>_4tnQm�O[\N4P']�fU`~h } SUQ©S>_n� o f>��PR] S>_ bp c o _j[zbgf>§áQeX4Y:w o c\[eSUwmbgfiwxS>czwyXjS>[B��Pmc\�EQTS>Z3SlfUbqcB[ o [\N�bq[D�BNjSUw\N��OPBN�bg��P$]jPRQ\wyceS>Y�PR] p¨o cO[\N4P"b }B} � � _�[\NjSUQwmb�QeP���[\N4P�f ojo |E|4c o t�c\PRQ\Q�PRQ p c o Z-[xN4P"]�fU`~h } [ o [\N4P"] o czQ o fUbq[\Pmczbgf:wmbdX�]4bq[\PB[ o [\N4PBtqf o Y4X�QD|�bgflflSU]jX�Qm�[ o [xN4P$��Pm_n[xczbgfibq_j[\PmceS o cBbq_�]�Z©PR]�S�b«f�] o czQ\b«fi[\N�bgfUbqZ3X�QDY�b�wx��[ o [\N4Ps]�fU`~h } ��$bqY4ceS>PyfJ× óBc o _�b�îy�R��{�R&ñ.]jPRQ\wyceS>Y�Psb$[eS>t�Nj[�w o cxc\PyfUbq[eS o _EY�Pm[��OPmPm_[\N4P p X4_�wy[eS o _jS>_4t°S�_[\N4P$b }B}

bq_�] [\N4P�`~h } ]jX4ceS>_4t�w o _�]�S>[eS o _jS>_4t��®rWX4P�[ o [xN4P bq|4|�PRbqczbq_�wyP odp w o _�]�S>[eS o _4PR]*]�SUQ\wyceS>Z3S>_�bq[eS o _S>_®[\N4P{`Dh } |4ceS o c[ o S>[zQEbq|4|�PRbqczbq_�wyP^S>_®[\N4P{b }�} �ñ[\N4Pm��| o Q�[\XjfUbq[\P�[\N4P�Py¬jSUQe[\Pm_�wyP oqp b±Q�PmceSUbgfwmbqX�Q\b«f�S>_¸z�X4Pm_�wyP oqp [\N4P{`~h })o _ [\N4P�b }B} �ñMON4P�Py¬jS�Q�[\Pm_�wyP oqp QeX�wxN�bq_±S>_j[\Pmczb�wy[�S o _ S�Q3bq[3Y�PRQe[�«bdt�X4Pyf>�{QeX4t�t�PRQe[xPR]EYj��[xN4Ps]4bq[zb3bq_�]Z�bq_j� o [\N4PmcOPy¬³|jfUbq_�bd[eS o _�Q"w o Xjf�]¯QePmc\��P$b�QO�OPyflfá�B��S>��Pm_�[\N4P|4c\Pm��S o X�QTf>��Z©Pm_n[eS o _4PR]Py¬jSUQe[\Pm_�wyP oqp Qe[\c o _4t$cxPRwxS�|4c o wmbgfGw o _4_4PRwy[eS o _�QOY�Pm[��OPmPm_[\N4PRQePW[e� o bqc\PRb�Q �qS>[SUQB|�Pmc\N�bq|�Q�Y�PRQe[�[ o bgflf o � [\N4P$| o Q\QTS>YjSlf�S>[e� oqp [\N4P�S>_¸z�X4Pm_�wyP²Y�PyS>_4t�Z²X4[xX�bgfá�

$�ªË©¨ª5[ *�Â�1�1­Ç:Å�:� _/t�Pm_4Pmczbgfá�<[\N4PE]�fU`~h } bq|4|�PRbdczQW[ o Y�P°S>_j� o f>��PR]¯S>_�Qe[ o ceS>_4t o c$b�wmwyPRQ\QTS>_4taQ��nZ3Y o f�SUw3cxPm|4c\PRQePm_j[zbq§[eS o _�Q oqp [xN4P�Q�[zbq[\P oqp�o X4cGPy¬4[\Pmc\_�bgf4� o cefU]3bq_�]�S�_Ew o _�Q�[\c\X�wy[eS>_4tsbq_�]3wmbqc\cx��S>_4t o X4[GNjS>t�N4Pmc~w o t�_jS�[�S���P|4c o wyPRQ\QePRQm� � [Bbq|4|�PRbdczQD[ o N�bR��P"[\N4P$wmbq|�bqYjSlflS>[e� oqp |�Pmc p¨o c\Z3S>_4t3S>_{]�S>��PmczQ�Psbq_�]�w o ZE|jf>Py¬^] o ZbgS>_�Qm�óB_4P±QeX�wxN ] o Z�bgS>_*S�Q©S>_�[\N4P'Z�bq_jS>|4XjfUbq[eS o _ oqp QePmZ�bq_j[eSUw¯c\Pm|4c\PRQePm_j[zbq[�S o _�QE_4PRwyPRQ\Qxbqc\� p¨o c�w o _4§Qe[\cybgS>_4PR]E� o cz]3b�QxQ o wxSUbq[�S o _.�GLBf>[\N o X4t�N b�Qñ|�bqc\[ odp S>[zQvc o f>P�S�_�w o _�Qe[xc\X�wy[eS>_4tsZEPm[xN o ]4Q p¨o c~w o ZE|jf>Py¬

Page 31: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E��yH�=�L��²ABL K@D;K�C" ½L £ C�>BD � L E�N�?i m ¡LM=7I�?�C7IQL K  "!  ¡C�D#� R�ð

[zb�Q��aPy¬4PRwyX4[eS o _/S>[²ZbR�'Y�P�c\PRQ�| o _�QTS>Yjf>P p¨o c�S�_4NjS>YjS>[eS>_4t o c o [xN4Pmc\�OSUQeP�]jPRQe[\c o ��S�_4t^S>_�bq|4|4c o |4ceSUbq[xPZEPm[\N o ]4Qm��S>[OSUQDX4_�wxf�PRbdc"�BN4Pm[xN4Pmc�[xN4P ]�fU`~h } SUQDflS�[xPmczbgflf>��c\PRQe| o _�QTS>Yjf�P p¨o cGS>_4NjS>YjS>[eS o _ oqp |4c\Pm| o [\Pm_j[bqX4[ o Z�bq[eSUwq�4b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS>��P°c\PRQe| o _�QePRQm�

����ç (��$Þi����,ù�;�e�;è0�;�$����+�ó��\��$áU�§�i�"�e�MON4P�wyPmc\PmY�Pyflf>X4Z{�D�BNjSUw\N ZEPRbq_�Q§¯�¾Ð\�\�¯�³Æ®�]$µ)¾'¶:�JSUQ²b fUbqc\t�P�Q�[\c\X�wy[\X4c\P´f o wmbq[\PR]/|4c o Z´S�_4Pm_j[ef>��bq[°[\N4PY�b�QeP oqp [xN4P²Y4cybgS>_aY�Pyf o ��[\N4P o wmwxS>|jS>[zbgfGf o Y�P��sL$QW[\N4P3Y4czbgS>_±]jPm��Pyf o |�PR]'S>_'[\N4PEw o X4czQeP oqp Pm� o f>X4§[eS o _.�j[\N4PswyPmc\PmY�Pyflf�X4Z#Pm_jfUbqc\t�PR]Z o c\PW[\N�bq_�bq_n� o [\N4PmcBQe[\c\X�wy[xX4c\P o [\N4PmcO[\N�bq_[\N4P wyPmcxPmY4czbgfiw o c\[\Py¬î��<PyS>_4PmcR�D�<PyS>_4PmcR��×#r o �s�~�g���4��ñz�ñQ o [xN�bq[$S>[Ew o _j[zbgS>_�Q o ��PmcsN�bgf p"oqp bgflfB_4PmX4c o _�Q oqp [\N4PNjX4Z�bq_Y4czbgS>_.�®M�N4PawyPmc\PmY�Pyf�f>X4ZÃSUQ©�n_ o �B_�[ o |jfUbg�®b'Z�bdÒ o c°c o f>P�S>_*[\N4Pf>PRbqc\_jS>_4t odp w o Z©|jf�Py¬®Z o [ o c|�bq[\[xPmc\_�Q$bq_�]<�<[\czb�]�S�[�S o _�bgflf����8S>[sN�b�QWY�PmPm_±c\Pmtjbqcz]jPR]'b�Q$b|4X4c\Pyf>�±Z o [ o c$bqc\PRb î���SUQeY�Pmcxt�PmcR�~�g��{�{m~VnwxN4Z�bqN4Z�bq_4_.���R���4�5ñz��óB_4PBZbR�°�OPyf�f:b�Qe�:�qN o �OPm��PmcR�q��Nn�°��P�� o Xjf�]°_4PmPR]QeX�wxN�b�fUbqc\t�PBQe[\cxX�wy[\X4c\P[ o QeX4Y�QePmc\��P©NnX4Z�bd_�Z o [ o c$Y�PmN�bg��S o czQ$��NjS�wxN�Z�bg�{_ o [sPy¬4[\Pm_�]±Z3X�wxN±Y�Pm� o _�]±[xN4P wmbq|�bdYjS�flS>[eS>PRQoqpOo X4c$Pm� o f>X4[eS o _�bqcx�{|4c\PR]jPRwyPRQ\Q o czQm�¨óB_±[\N4P o [\N4Pmc"N�bd_�]<�.�OPEbq|4|�PRbqc$[ o | o Q\Q�PRQ\QW�«b�Q�[ef>�at�c\PRbq[\Pmcwmbq|�b�wxS>[e� pªo ciY�³,¶¡\�µ�¯4Qe��Slflf�QWQeX�wxNab�Q�f�PRbdc\_jS>_4t���|jfUbq_4_jS>_4t���|4c o Yjf>PmZE§áQ o f>��S>_4t��.bq_�]©fUbq_4t�X�bqt�P��

óB_4P©Py¬³|jfUbq_�bq[�S o _ pªo c$[\N4PEPm� o f>X4[eS o _�bdceSlf��/c\PRwyPm_n[$Pm_jfUbqcxt�PmZEPm_j[ oqp [\N4P�wyPmc\PmY�Pyf�f>X4Z SUQ�[\N�bq[WS>[Z�bg�WY�PO|�bqc\[eSUwxS>|�bq[eS>_4tWS>_3ZEPm_j[zbgf�Qe��SlflfUQm�nb�Q.�OPyflfµb�Q<|4X4c\Pyf>�3Z o [ o c o _4PRQm� } Pmc\PmY�PyflfUbqc�Q�[\X�]�S>PRQG]4bq[eS>_4tY�b�wx� b«f�Z o Qe[B��x3��PRbdczQD| o S>_j[B[ o [\NjSUQO��Pmc\�ES>_j� o f>��PmZEPm_j[OS>_{_ o _4§¨Z o [ o cOY�PmN�bR��S o c�î\VnwxN4Z�bqN4Zbq_4_.��R���µ��ñz� � o Q�[ oqp [xN4PRQeP o f�]jPmcWQe[\X�]�S>PRQBbqc\PW_ o [Bw o _�wxf>X�QTS>��P��4N o �OPm��PmcR�4b�Qv[\N4Pm���PmcxP oqp [\Pm_Y�b�QePR] o _QeX4Y4ÒePRwy[zQ��OS>[\N±�OSU]jPRQe|4c\PRb�]�]4bqZbqt�P��.X�Q�X�bgflf�� b�Q$b�c\PRQ�Xjf�[ oqp ]�SUQePRb�QeP�� � o c\P3c\PRwyPm_j[²bq_�bd[ o Z3SUwmbgfbq_�]©Y�PmN�bg��S o czbgf.Pm��SU]jPm_�wyPsQeX4t�t�PRQe[zQv[\N�bq[~[xN4P"NjX4Z�bq_�wyPmc\PmY�Pyflf>X4Z�w o _n[xceS>Y4X4[\PRQD_ o [ o _jf>�E[ o Z o [ o cp X4_�wy[eS o _'Y4X4[sbgfUQ o [ o Q o ZEP3QePm_�Q o c\���<w o t�_jS>[eS>��P��JflS�_4t�XjS�Q�[eSUwq��bd_�]{PmZ o [eS o _�bgf~b�Qe|�PRwy[zQ odp Y�PmN�bg��S o cî��<PyS>_4PmcR���JPyS�_4Pmc~×*r o �s���R���µ��ñz�.�<PyS>_4PmcGPm[ibgfá�Jîz�R�|{��&ñ³w o _�wxf�X�]jP�[\N�bq[;Ñyc\PRwyPm_j[iY�PmN�bg��S o czb«fnPm��SU]jPm_�wyPS>_�]�SUwmbq[\PRQW[\N�bq[O[\N4P°NnX4Zbq_{wyPmc\PmY�Pyflf>X4Z�SUQ�S>_n� o f���PR]S>_ab3��S�]jPmcWczbq_4t�P oqpip X4_�wy[eS o _�Qm�vS>_�f>PRbqc\_jS>_4t��S>_�|jfUbq_4_jS>_4t��³S�_°ÒeX�]jtqS>_4t²[�S�Z©P��qS>_ Q o ZEPBPmZ o [eS o _�bgf:bq_�]w o t�_jS>[eS>��P$]�SUQ o cz]jPmczQDQeX�wxN b�QDbqX4[eSUQeZ{�jbq_�]S>_aQ o ZEP$_ o c\Z�b«fJZ©Pm_n[zb«f8b�wy[eS>��S>[\PRQWQeX�wxNab�QD[\N4P3w o t�_jS>[eS>��Ps|4c o wyPRQ\Q�S�_4t oqp � o cz]4Qm��Ò

$�ª'Í�ª�« ] Ç<ÍmÏ�Ã�ϨÎ�Ç�Î�ÏáÏ.È�Ï<ÌV'"Ë�Ç:Å�È;ÏáÈ#E� _�NjX4Z�bq_�Q �n[xN4PswyPmc\PmY�Pyflf>X4Z»N�b�QOY�PmPm_{wxN�bqczb�wy[xPmceS>ÖmPR]�b�QD| o Q\Q�PRQ\QTS>_4tE[\N4c\PmPWY�b�QTSUw p X4_�wy[eS o _�Qm�Ow o _4§[\c o f oqp Pm��P�Z o ��PmZEPm_n[yQ$bq_�]±Y o ]j�/P T�XjSlflS>Y4ceS>X4Z{�Bw o _j[\c o f oqpBo _4t o S>_4taPy¬4PRwyX4[eS o _ oqp flS�Z3Y�Z o ��Pm§ZEPm_j[R�<bq_�]^S�_'[\N4P3|jfUbq_4_jS>_4tabd_�]�S>_jS>[eSUbq[eS o _ oqp Z o ��PmZ©Pm_n[�îx�"N4PmÖ��G�R���µ��ñz�OLW_jS�Zbgf�Qe[\X�]�S>PRQWN�bg��PS>ZE|jflSUwmbq[\PR] S>[3S>_�Z o [ o c°f>PRbqc\_jS>_4t��Owxf�b�Q\QTSUwmbgf w o _�]�S>[eS o _jS>_4t��ON�bdYjS�[xX�bq[eS o _.�OQe|�bq[eSUbgfOf>PRbqc\_jS>_4t��Obq_�]

Page 32: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E��yH�=�L��²ABL K@D;K�C" ½L £ C�>BD � L E�N�?i m ¡LM=7I�?�C7IQL K  "!  ¡C�D#� R��

c\PRw o t�_jS�[�S o _®ZEPmZ o c\��îeh4ceSUQe[ o _®Pm[�bgfá�>�W�R���|R&ñz�®MON4PmcxP{[\NjX�QEbq|4|�PRbqc�[ o Y�P¯[�� o T�XjS�[xPÆ]�SlØ.Pmc\Pm_j[p X4_�wy[eS o _�bgf�] o Z�bgS>_�Q�S�_ �BNjSUwxN�[\N4PwyPmc\PmY�Pyflf>X4Z SUQ�S�_j� o f>��PR]<�¯MON4PRQeP�bqcxPE[\N4P3f>PRbqc\_jS>_4t±bq_�] w o _4§[\c o f odp w o Z©|jf�Py¬'Z o [ o c�|jfUbq_4_jS>_4t{bq_�]^Py¬³PRwyX4[�S o _abq_�]^[\N4PWf>PRbqc\_jS>_4t{bq_�]�|�Pmc p¨o c\Z�bq_�wyP odp QTS>ZE|jf>Pw o _�]�S>[eS o _4PR]'b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[\PRQ �~MON4PWfUbq[\[\Pmc�S�Q oqp [xN4PsZ o Q�[~S>_j[\Pmc\PRQe[�[ o X�Qm�L$wmw o cz]�S>_4t[ o MON o ZE|�Q o _¡îz�R�|{�Ü&ñz�jPm��S�]jPm_�wyP©Y�b�QePR] o _{Pm��PyflSU]'YjflS>_4�Æw o _�]�S�[�S o _jS�_4t^S>_acybqY4YjS>[zQ

| o S�_j[zQv[ o [\N4P�c o f>P oqp [\N4P"wyPmcxPmY�Pyflf>X4Z�S>_Ef>PRbqc\_jS>_4tEbq_�]3Z©PmZ o c\� oqp ]�S�Qxwyc\Pm[\P��4b�]4bq|4[eS>��P�Y�PmN�bg��S o cybgfc\PRQe| o _�QePRQm� ò N4Pm_±czbdY4YjS�[yQ$�BNjSUwxN�N�bg��P3Y�PmPm_®w o _�]�S�[�S o _4PR]±[ o YjflS�_4�ÆS�_ c\PRQe| o _�QeP[ o b[ o _4Pbqc\PtqS>��Pm_ pªo wmbgf4f>PRQTS o _�QO��S�[xNjS�_[\N4P$wyPmc\PmY�Pyflf>X4Z{��[\N4Pm�°f o QePW[\N4PyS>cGf>PRbqc\_4PR]c\PRQ�| o _�QeP$bq_�]Ebdc\PBX4_�bqYjf>P$[ oc\Pm§Ýf>PRbqc\_�S>[R�ñLBf>[\N o X4t�N o _4PDZ3S>t�Nn[Gw o _qÒePRwy[\X4c\PD[\N�bq[.[\N4POwyPmc\PmY�Pyflf>X4Z+SUQ8c\PRQe| o _�QTS>Yjf>P pªo c.PRQe[zbqYjflSUQeNjS>_4tw o _�]�S>[eS o _4PR]°c\PRQe| o _�QePRQ oqp [\NjSUQiQ o c\[R�m[\N4P p b�wy[.[\N�bq[.|4cxPm��S o X�QTf>��f�PRbdc\_4PR]$c\PRQ�| o _�QePRQñbqc\Pñf o Q�[�QeX4t�t�PRQe[zQ[\N�bq[�S�[$ZbR� o _jf>�{Y�P°S�_j� o f>��PR]^S>_±Qe[ o c�S�_4t o c"b�wmwyPRQ\QTS>_4t�[\N o QeP°c\PRQe| o _�QePRQm��L wmw o cy]�S�_4t�[ o �<PyS>_4PmcR��<PyS>_4PmcR�~× r o �ãîz�R���µ��ñz�µS�[°SUQ°_ o [$�j_ o ��_±�BN4Pm[\N4Pmc°f>PRbqc\_4PR]/|4c o wyPR]jX4c\PRQ3bqc\P�Qe[ o c\PR]¯�OS>[\NjS>_�[\N4PwyPmc\PmY�Pyf�f>X4Z o cDS�_'Q o ZEP o [\N4Pmc"w o _4_4PRwy[\PR]^_4PmX4czbgf�Q�[\c\X�wy[\X4c\PRQ �� o �OPm��PmcR�GQTS>ZE|jf>��Yn�/c\Pyf>��S>_4t o _ bd_jS�Zbgf"Qe[\X�]�S>PRQ�Q�X�w\N®b�Q°[\N4PRQ�PES>[3SUQE]�S�X wyXjf>[[ o c\Xjf>P o X4[

[\N4PE| o Q\QTS>YjSlflS>[�� [\N�bq[$[xN4P´wyPmcxPmY�Pyflf>X4ZÀSUQ o _jf��¯S>_j� o f>��PR]ÆS�_/Z o [ o csb�Qe|�PRwy[zQ odp f>PRbqcx_jS�_4t�� u czb�wx��Pm§M o f>�nZ3S>[\[©Pm[´b«få�¦îz�R��{��&ñz�.N o �OPm��PmcR�D]jPmZ o _�Qe[\cybq[\PE[\N�bd[´Q o ZEPNnX4Z�bd_�|�bq[eS>Pm_n[yQs��S�[xN®wyPmc\PmY�PyflfUbqcf>PRQTS o _�Qbqc\PS>ZE|�bgS>c\PR]%S>_ f>PRbqc\_jS>_4t�[ o¯pªo c\Z bqc\YjS>[\cybqc\��b�QxQ o wxSUbq[�S o _�Q3Y�Pm[e�OPmPm_®� o cz]4Q3bq_�] o [\N4Pmc� o cz]4Q o c"� o cz]4Q�bq_�]'w o f o czQm� � _Æb�]4]�S�[�S o _.�<[\N4PEQeX4Y4ÒePRwy[zQB�OPmc\P$_ o [BS>ZE|�bgS>c\PR]/bq[B_ o _4§áb�QxQ o wxSUbq[�S���P��Pmc\Y�b«fsZEPmZ o c\��QeX�wxN)b�Qc\PRwmbgflflS>_4t)Qe[ o ceS>PRQm��MON4Pmc\P�] o PRQ�_ o [{bq|4|�PRbqc¯[ o Y�P bq_n��c\PRb�Q o _�bqYjf>PPy¬4|jf�bd_�bq[eS o _�Q pªo c�[\N4PRQePWk�_�]�S>_4tnQWY�b�QePR] o _�Z o [ o c p X4_�wy[eS o _jS>_4t��� _{bq_ o [\N4PmcBQe[xX�]j�ES>_j� o f>��S>_4t�wyPmcxPmY�PyflfUbqcs]4bqZ�bqt�P��nLW�4QeN ono Z o Ø{Pm["bgfá�[îy�R����R&ñi]jPRQxwyceS>Y�PEb3wmb�QeP

oqp QePm��Pmc\P�]jPmt�Pm_4Pmcybq[eS>��PB]�SUQ o cz]jPmcR�ñLWZ o _4t o [\N4Pmcñ|4c o Yjf>PmZ�Qm�q[xN4PyS�cG|�bd[eS>Pm_n[ñN�b�]s]jPyk:wxS>[zQ�S>_sf>PRbqcx_jS�_4t��Pmc\Y�b«fi|�bgS>c\PR]'b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[\PRQWbq_�]^S>_a��Pmc\Y�bgf%z�X4Pm_�wy�'bq_�]¯_�bqZ3S>_4t��BL�f>[\N o X4t�N'NjSUQ$]4bqZ�bdt�PWS>_n� o f���PR]o [\N4Pmc$bqc\PRb�QBbq_�]�[xN4PRQeP²]jPyk:wxS>[zQ$wmbq_4_ o ["Y�P´bd[\[\ceS>Y4X4[\PR]^[ o [\N4P3wyPmc\PmY�Pyflf>X4Z �OS>[\NawyPmc\[ybgS>_n[e����[\N4PRQePQ\bqZ©P²cxPRQeXjf>[zQ$bq|4|�PRbdc$[ o Y�PEw o _jk�c\Z©PR]'Yn�'bczbq_4t�P oqp Q�[\X�]�S>PRQm�²�JPyS�_4Pmcg���JPyS�_4Pmcg�i×�r o � îz�R���4�5ñc\PRb�Q o _$[\N�bq[.[xN4PGS>_n� o f>��PmZEPm_j[ oqp [\N4POwyPmc\PmY�Pyflf>X4Z+S>_²b�Q\Q o wxS�bd[eS>��PGf>PRbqc\_jS>_4t$_ o ��QePmPmZQ.X4_4P T�XjS>� o wmb«få�� o �OPm��Pmcg�nPy¬�b�wy[ef>��BN�bq[B[xNjS�Q�S>_n� o f>��PmZEPm_j[OSUQBc\PmZbgS>_�QBb3Z�bq[x[\Pmc oqp Q�|�PRwyXjfUbq[eS o _.�

$�ª'Í�ª�© Á�ÎÆ«4^_0êÎ Ç<ÐqË®ÏJÌ ] ÏGÍ4Ç¡Ã Î Ë�Å�ËC@�ËaÃ�ÃTÇ<Å�Ù±ÇU1 ÇUE.ËMON4P$Z o Qe[GS>_j[\Pmc\PRQe[eS>_4t�bq_�]]jPm[zbgSlf>PR]�Pm��S�]jPm_�wyP p¨o cO[\N4PWc o f>P oqp [\N4PswyPmcxPmY�Pyflf>X4Z#S�_���Pmc\Y�bgfib�Q\Q o wxSUbq§[eS o _�bq_�] o [\N4PmcOZEPm_j[zbgf�[zb�Q��³QO]jPmceS>��PRQ p c o Z�h8S>PmÖ$Pm[Obgfá�fwîQqîz�R���|R&ñiQe[\X�]j� odp b3QTS>_4tqf>P$|�bq[�S�Pm_j[R�4� } ����BN o Q�XjØJPmcxPR] p c o Z»b3ZbqÒ o cDf�PRQ�S o _ odp [\N4P°ceS>t�Nj["wyPmc\PmY�PyflfUbqc$N4PmZ3SUQe|4N4PmcxP�b�QBb3cxPRQeXjf>[ oqp bEQe[xc o ��P��� _j[\Pmc\PRQ�[eS>_4tqf>���i� } �3QeN o ��PR]^_ o�o ��Pmcx["Z o [ o c o c�fUbq_4t�X�bqt�P´]jPyk:wxS>[zQ$bd_�]{�Bb�Q�bqYjf>PE[ o c\PRQ�X4ZEP3NjS�Q

Page 33: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E��yH�=�L��²ABL K@D;K�C" ½L £ C�>BD � L E�N�?i m ¡LM=7I�?�C7IQL K  "!  ¡C�D#� R�Ü

fUbg�)|4czb�wy[eSUwyP��BL�f�[xN o X4t�N'N4P3Z�bq[zwxN4PR] o c�Py¬µwyPmPR]jPR]±w o _n[\c o fUQ o _'bE_jX4Z3Y�Pmc oqp Qe[zbd_�]4bqcz]�[xPRQe[zQ oqpZEPmZ o c\����S�_j[\PyflflS>t�Pm_�wyP��ibq_�] fUbq_4t�X�bqt�PsQ���SlflfUQm��N4P°N�b�]|4c oqp¨o X4_�]¯]jPyk:wxS�[yQ o _{b p Pm�)Q�|�PRwxSlk:w°[zb�Qe�4Qm�

ò N4Pm_*tqS>��Pm_�[eS>ZEPR]<�Bw o _�Qe[\cybgS>_4PR]®� o cy]®b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _*[\PRQe[zQ �O|4c\PRwxSUQePyf>��[xN o QeP��BNjSUwxN��OP'bqc\PQe[\X�]j��S>_4t���� } �D|4c o ]jX�wyPR]°Z�bd_n��S>_�w o c\c\PRwy[Gc\PRQ�| o _�QePRQñbq_�] p bgSlf>PR]°[ o S�Z©|4c o ��PGY o [xNsNjSUQGw o c\c\PRwy[x_4PRQ\Qbq_�]3cxPRQe| o _�Q�PB[eS>ZEPB�OS>[\N©|4czb�wy[eSUwyP��~h o cGPy¬µbdZE|jf>P�� o _²[xN4PB��Pmc\Y�b�Q\Q o wxS�bd[eS o _E[zb�Q��:�qN4PB|4c o ]jX�wyPR]bq_bqY4_ o cxZ�bgflf>�aNjS>t�N/_nX4Z3Y�Pmc oqp _ o _4§¨��Pmc\Y±b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[\PRQm�ñQeN o �OPR]{_ o [xPm_�]jPm_�wy�a[ o w o c\c\PRwy[$NjSUQ$Pmcxc o czQî o cWPm��Pm_�w o _�Q\wxS o X�QTf>�±c\PRbgflS>ÖmPE[\N�bd[$N4PEN�b�]¯Z�b�]jP3Pmc\c o czQ,ñz�.bq_�]^S>ZE|4c o ��PR]ÆNjS�Q�[eS>ZEP3Yn� o _jf>� �)Ä|�Pmc3Yjf o w\�a`���� } ��bgfUQ o QeN o ��PR]aS�Z©|�bgS>c\ZEPm_j[ o _±|4c o ]jX�wxS�_4t Qe�n_ o _n�jZ�Qm�ñQeX4|�Pmc o cz]�S>_�bq[\PRQm�~bd_�]±bYjS>[Bf>PRQ\Q o _�|4c o ]jX�wxS>_4t{bq[\[\c�S�Y4X4[xPRQ2îáY o [\N�|4Nn�4QTSUwmbgf�bd_�]{w o _�wyPm|4[\X�b«fkñy����P²QePmPmZ©PR]X4_jS�Z©|�bgS>c\PR]±bq[c\PRQe| o _�]�S>_4t'�OS>[\N±� o cz]4Q�Y�PmtqS>_4_jS>_4t±�OS>[\N/[\N4PEQ\bqZEPEQ o X4_�]<�JS>_�]�S�wmbd[eS>_4t±[\N�bq[W[\NjSUQ$_ o _4§áQ�PmZ�bq_j[eSUw[zb�Q��EZ�bg��_ o [Bc\Pyf>� o _{wyPmc\PmY�Pyf�fUbqc p X4_�wy[eS o _jS>_4t��� _�b�]4]�S>[eS o _�[ o [\N4PRQePE[yb�Qe�4Qm�i� } �©��b�Q$bgfUQ o S�Z©|�bgS>c\PR]'S>_ o [\N4Pmc°_ o _4§¨��Pmc\Y�bgfDf>PRbqc\_jS>_4t�Qe��Slf�fUQm�

��P"]�SU]E_ o [vS>ZE|4c o ��POZ3X�w\N o _EPyS>[\N4PmcBw o _�wyX4c\c\Pm_j[�]�SUQ\wyceS>Z3S>_�bq[�S o _Cb o c o _E[\N4PWM o �OPmc oqp M o c o _n[ odc �b¯�«bqc�S�bd[eS o _ o _�[\N4P{M o ��Pmc oqp �Wbq_ o Sá�ïóB_�[\N4P o [\N4Pmc3N�bq_�]<�DN4P���b�Qs|�Pmc p PRwy[ o _�]jPyf�bg��PR]%_ o _4§Z�bq[yw\NjS>_4tE[ o Q\bdZE|jf>P��4_ o c\Z�b«f o _�[\N4P3V�[xc ono |�[zb�Qe�feq�4bq_�]_ o c\Zbgf o _Ef>Py¬jSUwmbgf�� o cy]7.R|�QePmX�] o §¨� o cz]]jPRwxSUQTS o _�Qm��h8S�PmÖ¯Pm[�bgfá��| o S�_j[ o X4[E[\N�bq[©N4Pabq|4|�PRbqczQ©[ o N�bg��P{b't�Pm_4PmcybgfBS>ZE|�bgS>c\ZEPm_j[©S�_�Y o [\N|�PmcywyPm|4[eS o _±bq_�]�|4c o ]jX�wy[eS o _'|4c o wyPRQ\QePRQ��BNjSUw\N'c\P T�XjS>c\Ps[xN4P²]jPm[\PRwy[eS o _ oqp Pmc\c o czQDS>_abq[�f�PRb�Qe[ Q o ZEPNjS>t�N4§ o cz]jPmcbq_�bgf>�³Q�PRQm�8S�_�wxf>X�]�S>_4t�[zb�Q��³Q�c\P T�XjS>ceS>_4t±|�bdc\[eSUwyXjfUbqcEQePmZ�bq_j[eSUw-.«Qe�j_n[yb�wy[eSUwE|4c o wyPRQ\Q�S�_4t oqpflS>_4t�XjSUQe[eSUwDS>_ pªo c\Z�bq[eS o _.� � [8SUQ.czbd[\N4Pmc<S>_n[xPmc\PRQe[eS>_4tW[\N�bq[.N4PD��b�Q7¶¡[�\gS>ZE|�b«S�cxPR] o _$PyS�[xN4PmcG[\N4P~]jPyfUbR��PR]j§c\PRQe| o _�QeP o c�V�[\c ojo |[zb�Qe�4Qm����NjS�wxN.�4b�QD�OP"N�bg��PBZ©Pm_n[eS o _4PR]<��bqc\PW�n_ o �B_E[ o Y�P b«ØJPRwy[xPR]EYj��]�fU`~h }bq_�]�b }�} f>PRQTS o _�Qm�h8S>PmÖ¯Pm[ bgfá��w\N�bdczb�wy[\PmceS>ÖmP¯NjS�Q�]jPyk:wxS>[zQ�b�Q3[e� o § pªo fU]<��h8S>czQe[3SUQNjSUQ p bgSlf>X4c\P'[ o S>ZE|4c o ��P¯�OS>[\N

|4czb�wy[�S�wyP��WMONjSUQOSUQ$w o _�Q�S�Q�[\Pm_n[W�OS>[\N¯[\N4P3Pm��SU]jPm_�wyPEQeX4t�t�PRQ�[eS>_4t b]�S>c\PRwy[$c o f>P odp [\N4P²wyPmc\PmY�Pyflf�X4Z S>_PRQe[zbdYjf�SUQeNjS>_4t��GQe[ o ceS>_4t�� o c$c\Pm[\ceS>Pm��S�_4t'b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _�Qm�V�PRw o _�]<��� } �EQ�N o �OPR] p bgSlf�X4cxP�[ o ]jPm[xPRwy[$NjS�QPmc\c o czQm�WL Q�ZEPm_j[eS o _4PR]<�.[xN4P²wyPmc\PmY�Pyf�f>X4ZÀN�b�QBY�PmPm_�QeN o �B_{[ o Y�P3S>_n� o f���PR]�S>_±Pmcxc o c$]jPm[\PRwy[eS o _¯S>_w o ZE|jf>Py¬sZ o [ o cibq_�]$w o t�_jS>[eS>��PO[zb�Qe�4Qm� u b�QePR] o _WS>[zQ.N o Z o t�Pm_4P o X�Q8Qe[\c\X�wy[\X4cxP�� u Pmc\_j[zQ o _s×*M o c\Pyflf oîz�R�|{�R&ñ~QeX4t�t�PRQ�[B[\N�bq[DS>[BSUQ�flS���Pyf��¯[\N�bq[B[xN4P²wyPmc\PmY�Pyf�f>X4Z Py¬³Pmc\[yQ p X4_�wy[�S o _�bgflf��'QTS>Z3SlfUbqcWS>_¸z�X4Pm_�wyPRQsbq[bgflf$f>Pm��PyfUQ oqp Q�Pm_�Q o ceS>Z o [ o c bd_�]®Y�PmN�bg��S o czb«f o c\tnbq_jS>ÖRbq[�S o _.�-MONjX�Qm�OS>[SUQ_ o [�X4_4c\PRb�Q o _�bqYjf>P±[ og�Ó¨%��` `)������M&�����g�` ` ���þ������&�����2gÙ�<h��i÷���������l��� `)�6�É+�������h:!f�.�É�6����&���������+�Ø��6��&��<j ã �*ø�÷���ø$k�ÿ�ÿ)ý$��û�d$ù öø�ÿ`ù�bGù���ú$û�ùV÷����6���+�Ø����6&�7�$���7����ä����������M&������$����B&��������+���&������2lkË`-��'��&'��9��nm@� ���;+)���a!f���e�l����:�$!�"��� �"+-���7�$!a`)������7�!�/e����� 7�.�%`)�$&�&��������<o�ã �3&�� �_p^÷/q�ý�ÿ[÷�ðrp�÷$ÿ(÷���û�÷��y���+�Ø��6��&� �$��� ����ä����������*&��@� �$9.�@�����&;�!%���$���������¦�,���h� �$!%9.���2���� (3'�ts6���m�$�$�����$!/%�,�����@�;� �&É���6�&É�.�@�.�����$!m&�� ������9�����&'���l�l�m`-��(��� !f����� �"�&����&'��� (�&�� �ü5-������,��� (@`)�.'��&'������<%_%����&��$�h:�l��@+-��ä��,��&�����hu�������&��y�7&�� �������h�7�;���&%+)�;� �$9����B��� �;�&¨�"&'��� �j�� �g�ü�4�$��(����¨�,���hB�$��B����9.���7���6�&É�.�M�"����l�1�����¨��� ��<v w ��� w ����&'���.�x� <�Ú.<h�ü!#���%�"� ������'��` &'�����¦�!a&�� � w &������.`M&���h)<

Page 34: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E��yH�=�L��²ABL K@D;K�C" ½L £ C�>BD � L E�N�?i m ¡LM=7I�?�C7IQL K  "!  ¡C�D#� R¸�

| o Qe[\XjfUbq[\P3[\N�bq[$[xN4P´wyPmcxPmY�Pyflf>X4Z ZbR�¯Y�P°S>_n� o f>��PR]¯S>_±Pmc\c o c ]jPm[\PRwy[�S o _�bq_�]'b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS>��P3f>PRbqcx_jS�_4tS>_aw o t�_jS�[�S���P²] o Z�b«S�_�Q�S�_'Z3X�wxN�[\N4PsQ\bqZEP$�Bbg�E[\N�bd[OS>[OSUQOS>_j� o f>��PR]S>_¯Z o [ o cBQe��Slflf�Q �

$�ª'Í�ªWÍ 0 ÈDÇ�Î�Ï21�ÏáÍ4Çeà ΠÏ.ÈDÈ~Ë�ÍjÎ�ÏTÏ.È~Ð� [8SUQ<S>_j[\Pmc\PRQe[�S�_4tW[\N�bq[ o _jf>�$[\N4P~ceS>t�Nj[.N4PmZ3SUQe|4N4PmcxP�bd|4|�PRbqczQ8[ o Y�PGS>_j� o f>��PR]WS>_EQePmZ�bd_n[eSUwñ|4c o wyPRQ\QTS>_4t��N o �OPm��Pmc�[\NjSUQSUQ�PRb�QTSlf��­Py¬³|jfUbgS>_4PR]­Yn��[\N4P p b�wy[�[\N�bd[�PRb�w\N�N4PmZ3SUQe|4N4PmcxP oqp [\N4P±wyPmc\PmY�Pyflf�X4Z�S�Qbq_�bq[ o Z3SUwmbgflf>�²cxPyf�bd[\PR]3[ o [\N4PBw o _j[\czb«f�bd[\Pmczbgf�wyPmc\PmY4c\X4Zãî�h8S>PmÖ"×�`ñPm[\PmczQePm_.���R����}m~�`ñPm[xPmczQePm_E× h8S>PmÖ���R���|}&ñz�iM�NnX�Qm�j[\N4PWf>P p [ON4PmZ3SUQe|4N4Pmc\P����BNjSUw\NSUQO�j_ o �B_�[ o Y�Ps] o Z3S>_�bq_j[ p¨o cGfUbq_4t�X�bdt�P p X4_�wy[�S o _�QDS>_Z o Q�[i|�P o |jf>P��n|4c o ÒePRwy[zQ.[ o [\N4POceS>t�Nj[~wyPmc\PmY�Pyf�f>X4Z{�OrWPRQe|jS>[\PO[\N4POt�Pm_4Pmczb«f�N o Z o t�Pm_4PyS>[e� odp wyPmc\PmY�PyflfUbqcQe[\cxX�wy[\X4c\P���S>[ ] o PRQBbq|4|�PRbqcB[ o w o _j[zbgS>_{]�SUQe[eS>_�wy[ p X4_�wy[eS o _�bgfiX4_jS>[zQm� � _{|�bdc\[eSUwyXjfUbqcR��w o t�_jS�[�S���Ps[zb�Q��³QQePmPmZ�[ o b�wy[eS>�«bq[xP$[\N4P"Z o c\POfUbq[\Pmcybgf.c\PmtqS o _�Q oqp [\N4P$wyPmc\PmY�Pyflf>X4Z{�<�BNjSlf>P$[\N4PW_4P o ]jPm_j[zbq[\PW| o c\[eS o _©S�QY�PyflS>Pm��PR]'[ o |�Pmc p¨o c\Z�ZEPm_j[zbgf.czbd[\N4PmcB[\N�bq_�Z o [ o c p X4_�wy[eS o _�Q�îe�<PyS>_4PmcR�:�JPyS�_4Pmcg�:×�r o �°���R���µ��ñz�� o �OPm��PmcR�gS>_ o cz]jPmcD[ o bqcxt�X4PB[\N�bq[D[\N4P$wyPmc\PmY�Pyflf>X4Z»|�bdc\[eSUwxS>|�bq[\PRQvS>_�ZEPm_n[ybgf:Qe��S�flfUQm�<bq_�]©|�bqc\[eSUwy§

XjfUbqcef>�{[xN�bq[BS>[sb�wy[yQOS>_±w o _qÒeX4_�wy[eS o _'�OS>[\N'[\N4P²b }�} bq_�]']�fU`~h } S�_'|�Pmc pªo c\Z3S>_4t�[\N4PRQePEQe��Slf�fUQm� o _4PZ3X�Qe[3Y�P�bqYjf>P�[ o ]jPmZ o _�Qe[xczbq[\P�bd_�bq[ o Z3SUwmbgf"w o _4_4PRwy[�S o _�Q3�BNjSUw\N�Z´S�t�Nn[Ebgflf o ��[xNjS�Q²S�_j[\Pmczb�wy[eS o _.��OPRwyPm_j[ef>���BQePm��Pmczb«f�]�SlØ.Pmc\Pm_n[©[\PRw\N4_jSWT�X4PRQ3N�bg��P©f�PR]%[ o [xN4P{]�S�Qxw o ��Pmc\� oqp k�cxZÀPm��SU]jPm_�wyP pªo cEQeX�wxNw o _4_4PRwy[eS o _�Q �~L$wmw o cz]�S>_4t[ o Vnw\N4Z�bdN4Z�bq_4_¡îy�R���4��ñy��[\N4Pmc\Psbd|4|�PRbqcB[ o Y�P3QTS>t�_jSlk:wmbq_n[$w o _4_4PRwy[eS o _�Qp c o Z#[\N4PEwxS�_4t�Xjf�bd[\P�[ o [\N4PEwyPmc\PmY�Pyflf�X4Z ��SUbY o [\N'| o Qe[xPmceS o c$|�bqceS>Pm[zbgf�bd_�]{[xPmZE| o cybgfvbdc\PRb�Qm�$L$]j§]�S>[eS o _�bgflf>����[xN4Ps`~h } N�b�QBb«f�Q o Y�PmPm_aQeN o �B_[ o |4c o ÒePRwy[O[ o [\N4P"| o _�QBbq_�]´S>[OSUQBQeX4t�t�PRQe[\PR]©[\N�bq[O[\N4Pw o c\[�S�w o | o _j[ o wyPmc\PmY�PyflfUbqc�|�bq[\Nj�Bbg�{SUQ©[\N4P�|4ceS>_�wxS>|�bgf$ZEPRbq_�Q3Yj����NjS�wxN S>_ pªo c\Z�bq[eS o _%SUQEw o _j��Pm��PR]p c o Z p c o _n[ybgfibqc\PRb�QO[ o [xN4PswyPmc\PmY�Pyflf>X4Z{�� _�[\Pmc\Z�Q oqp$o X4[\t o S>_4tÆw o _4_4PRwy[eS o _�Qm�ON4Pmc\|�PRQE��S>c\X�Q3[\czb�w\��S>_4taZ©Pm[\N o ]4Q´N�bR��Pf�PR] � S�]4]�f>Pm[ o _

× V�[xceSUw\� îz�R����ð�ñ [ o QeX4t�t�PRQ�[E[\N�bq[[\N4Pa]�fU`Dh } SUQ�b/[zbqc\t�Pm[ oqp b±|4c o Ò�PRwy[�S o _®�BNjSUwxN�cxX4_�Q p c o Z[\N4P�]jPm_n[ybq[\P oqp [\N4P{wyPmc\PmY�Pyflf�X4Z bd_�]±[\N4c o X4t�N [\N4P�[\N�bgfUbqZ3X�Qm� VnwxN4Z�bqN4Z�bd_4_�îz�g���4��ñ$QeX4|4| o cx[zQ[\NjSUQ3��S>Pm�s��b�]4]�S�_4t/[\N�bq[3[\N4P�|4c o Ò�PRwy[eS o _�Q p c o Z [\N4P{]jPm_j[zbq[\P|�b�Q\Q´[\N4c o X4t�N [\N4PZEPR]�SUbgf ] o cyQ\bgfá���Pm_j[\c o fUbq[xPmczbgfá�Bbq_�]%S>_n[\cybgfUbqZ3S>_�bqc�_jX�wxf�PyS3Y�P p¨o c\P'c\PRb�wxNjS>_4t�[\N4P±]�fU`~h } ��M�NjS�Q�bd|4|�PRbqczQ�]�SUQe[�S�_�wy[p c o Z-[xN o QePB|�bq[xNn�Bbg�³QJS>_4_4Pmc\�«bd[eS>_4tEZ o [ o c~bqc\PRb�Q oqp [\N4P"w o c\[xPy¬J�ñL$]4]�S�[�S o _�bgfiQe[\X�]�S>PRQOQeX4t�t�PRQe[D[\N�bq[wyPmc\PmY�Pyf�fUbqc o X4[\|4X4[Gt o PRQG[\N4c o X4t�N3[\N4PB[\N�b«f�bdZ²X�Qñ[ o [\N4P"wyPmc\PmY4czb«f:w o c\[\Py¬3S>_�wxN�bq_4_4PyfUQ~��NjS�wxNc\P�z�PRwy[wyPmc\PmY�Pyf�fUbqc$Z o ]jXjf>PRQ°î��<PyS>_4PmcR�<�<PyS>_4PmcR�.×+r o �s�<�R���4��ñy�

$�ª'Í�ª5$ *�Â�1�1­Ç:Å�:MON4Pmc\PObq|4|�PRbdczQ.[ o Y�P o ��Pmc\�BN4Pyf>Z3S>_4t"Pm��SU]jPm_�wyPB[\N�bq[8[\N4P�wyPmc\PmY�Pyflf�X4Z�|�bqc\[eSUwxS>|�bq[\PRQJS>_3ZEPm_n[ybgf³Qe��Slf�fUQm�� _/|�bqc\[eSUwyXjfUbqcR��S>[²Q�PmPmZ�QW[ o |jf�bg�±b©c o f>P3S>_±PRQe[zbdYjf�SUQeNjS>_4t'bq_�]7. o csb�wmwyPRQxQTS>_4t�f>PRbqc\_4PR]±b�Q\Q o wxS�bd[eS o _�Q

Page 35: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E��yH�=�L��²ABL K@D;K�C" ½L £ C�>BD � L E�N�?i m ¡LM=7I�?�C7IQL K  "!  ¡C�D#� R�{

b�QD�OPyflf�b�QO]�S>c\PRwy[ef>��|�bqc\[eSUwxS>|�bq[eS>_4t©S>_{QePmZ�bq_j[eSUwW|4c o wyPRQ\QTS>_4t��O�<PyS>_4PmcR���<PyS>_4PmcR�<×+r o �Ùîy�R���4��ññPm��Pm_t o Q o°p bqcOb�QG[ o QeX4t�t�PRQe[~[\N�bd[�[xN4PBNnX4Zbq_ wyPmcxPmY�Pyflf>X4Z¦QePmPmZ�Q~bdYjf�P$[ o w o _j[\ceS>Y4X4[\PW[ o [xN4P w o t�_jS�[�S���P|4c o wyPRQ\QePRQ3[xN�bq[s[\NjS>_4� oqp [\N4P� o cz]4Q°[ o Y�P�Py¬4|4c\PRQ\QePR]<� � [E] o PRQ´_ o [²QePmPmZÃwxf�PRbdc�bq[s[xNjS�Q´| o S>_j[R�N o �OPm��PmcR�O�BN4Pm[\N4Pmc¯[\N4P±wyPmc\PmY�Pyflf>X4Z SUQ{b�wy[\X�b«f�f>�%S�_j� o f>��PR]�S�_­[\N4P'|4c o wyPRQxQePRQ oqp b�Q\Q o wxS�bd[eS o _ o cb�wy[zQ�b�Q"b´| o Qe[x|4c o wyPRQxQ o c pªo c�Pmc\c o c"]jPm[xPRwy[eS o _ o c Q�S�Z©|jf��¯c\PRQe| o _�]4QB[ o Pmc\c o cWZEPRQ\Qxbqt�PRQOt�Pm_4Pmcybq[\PR]PyfUQePm�BN4Pmc\P��h8S>PmÖ�×�`ñPm[\PmcyQePm_�îz�R����R&ñ�Qe|�PRwyXjfUbq[\P[\N�bq[$[\N4P3[e� o bq|4|�bdc\Pm_n[$c o f>PRQ oqp [\N4P�wyPmc\PmY�Pyf�f>X4Z{�vPmc\c o c

]jPm[\PRwy[eS o _ bq_�]±b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS>��P´f�PRbdc\_jS>_4t��ñZ�bg�{PmZEPmc\t�P p c o Z¦b�QTS>_4tqf>P�X4_�]jPmc�f���S>_4t p X4_�wy[eS o _.� � [$�OSlf�fY�P©S>_n[xPmc\PRQe[eS>_4t{[ o QePmPE��N4Pm[\N4Pmcs[\NjSUQ°wmbq_�Y�P�wmbq|4[\X4cxPR]'S>_�b p Xjflf�� o cx��S>_4t{Z o ]jPyf oqp [\N4PQe�³Q�[\PmZp¨o c~� o cz]3b�QxQ o wxSUbq[�S o _.�~h8S>_�bgflf����µ[\N4P"bq_�bq[ o Z3SUwmbgfJ]4bd[zb$QeX4t�t�PRQ�[zQG[\N4PW| o [\Pm_n[�S�b«f:Py¬jS�Q�[\Pm_�wyP odp wxf o Q�PR]f ono |�QBY�Pm[��OPmPm_¯[\N4P²`Dh } bd_�]�Y o [\N�[\N4P²wyPmcxPmY�Pyflf>X4Z bq_�]^[\N4PsY�b�Qxbgfitnbq_4tdf�SUb4� ò P$_ o ��[\X4c\_�[ o bw o _�QTSU]jPmczbd[eS o _ oqp [\N4PRQePWfUbq[x[\Pmc"Qe[\cxX�wy[\X4c\PRQm�

����� 1ú�:á¡�:�' c�@ÝgÞB��$�MON4P�Y�b�Qxbgf�tnbd_4tqflS�b/bqc\P�w o ZE| o QePR] oqp k���P|4Nj��f o t�Pm_jSUwmbgflf>�®��Pmc\� o f�] Qe[\cxX�wy[\X4c\PRQ°f o wmbq[\PR]/S>_�[\N4PS>_4_4Pmc{Y4czb«S�_Iî � S�Q�N4��S>_.� � bgfUbqZ3X4[R�W× u b�wxN4Pm�«b«f�S>PmcR��R��{5ð�ñz�-MON4PRQ�PÆbdc\P'[\N4P�°�µ)·�À|µ�\�³½¶¿·�°�¯�³�·¸¹ �´a·m\�µ)Y*³�¶<�jº|¯4[¸®�·¸¹M´�µ�¯'¯�¾ÐÀ�·y¹m� ¹�·å®,\'Êyµ�¯�µ)Y�¾Ð°â¶a·m° ¯�³�·¸¹m�~bq_�] ¹.·a®�¹�\�µ)¶¡\'¾�µ²¶¿¾#º�]lµ î�Q�PmP h8S>t�X4c\PÂð�ñz�±�:S���P[\N4P'wyPmc\PmY�Pyflf>X4Z{�W[\NjSUQ�bdc\PRb'SUQ©t�Pm_4Pmczbgflf>�®Y�PyflS�Pm��PR]�[ o |�bqcx[eSUwxS�|�bd[\P{|4ceS>Z�bdceSlf��%S>_�[xN4Paw o _j[\c o f oqpZ o ��PmZEPm_j[R��`Gbq[eS>Pm_j[zQE��S�[xN�`Gbqc\��S>_�Q o _%wîQ]�SUQePRb�QeP o c�BX4_j[eS>_4t�[ o _%w Q�]�SUQePRb�Q�P odp [\Pm_*N�bg��P�Z�bqÒ o c]4bqZ�bdt�Ps[ o [xN4P²Y�b�Q\bgfGtnbq_4tqflSUb î }�yo [&zPs× } c\X4[zwxN4PmcR�G�R���4��ñz�WMON4PyS>c²b�wy[eS o _�Q$bdc\PEw\N�bqcyb�wy[\PmceS>ÖmPR]¯Yn�[\c\PmZ o czQm�jZ3X�Q\wyXjfUbqcBceS>tqSU]�S>[e���4S>_j� o f>X4_j[zbqc\��Z o ��PmZ©Pm_n[zQ �nbq_�]^_ o _4§¨Z o ��PmZEPm_j[R�� _ b�]4]�S�[�S o _�[ o Z o [ o cG|4c o Yjf>PmZ�Qm�4N o �OPm��PmcR��|�bq[eS>Pm_n[yQ~��S�[xN�Y�b�Qxbgf.tnbq_4tqflSUb3]�S�Q�PRb�QePRQON�bg��P"Q o ZEP

bgf>[\Pmczbd[eS o _�Q�S�_�w o t�_jS>[eS>��P{bd_�]¯flS�_4t�XjS�Q�[eSUw p X4_�wy[eS o _.�G|�PmczQ o _�b«f�S>[e���~bq_�]/Z ojo ]Îî } X4ZEZ3S>_4tnQ ���g����}m~r$bqZ�b�QTS o �O�R��{�}&ñy�{LWtnbgS>_.�G[\NjSUQ3cxPRQeXjf>[3SUQ²]�S�X wyXjf>[[ o S>_n[\Pmcx|4c\Pm[3tqS>��Pm_�[\N4P�OSU]jPRQe|4c\PRb�]�]4bqZbqt�PS>_n� o f>��PR]%S�_�`Gbqc\��S>_�Q o _%wîQbq_�]®��X4_j[eS>_4t�[ o _%wîQ©]�S�Q�PRb�QePRQm��� o �OPm��PmcR�Or$bqZ�b�Q�S o îz�R��{�}Äñ cxPm��S>Pm�"Qbczbq_4t�P oqp b�]4]�S>[eS o _�bgf�Pm��S�]jPm_�wyPW�BNjSUwxN´Q�X4t�t�PRQe[zQ8[\N4PDS>_n� o f>��PmZEPm_j[ oqp [\N4POY�b�Qxbgfntnbq_4tdf�SUb S�_Ew o t�_jS�[�S���Pp X4_�wy[eS o _�Qsbq_�] oqp [xN4Psf>P p [$Y�b�Q\bgfGtnbq_4tdf�SUb4��S>_'|�bqc\[�S�wyXjfUbqcg�<S>_¯f�bd_4t�X�bqt�P p X4_�wy[eS o _�Qm� u b�Q\bgfGtnbq_4tqflSUbf>PRQTS o _�QGbqc\PDX�QeX�bgflf>� p¨o X4_�]$[ o c\PRQeXjf>[8S�_3Z3SlfU]<��[xczbq_�QTS>Pm_j[ibq|4N�b�QTSUb�Q8[\N�bq[8|4c\PRQePmc\��PDc\Pm|�Pm[�S�[�S o _Óî u b�Q\Q o �VnbgfUb×-h�bdczbqY o f�bµ�.�R��{¸�Lñz� � [BSUQWQeX4t�t�PRQ�[\PR][\N�bq[W[\N4PRQeP3bq|4N�b�QTSUb�Q�Z�bg��Y�PsZ3SlfU]']jX4P3[ o [\N4P°Z3S>_ o c_�bq[\X4cxP oqp [xN4PRQePsQe|�PRwxSlk:w�f>PRQTS o _�Qm�L$wmw o cz]�S>_4t�[ o r$bqZ�b�QTS o �$� o fU]jZ�bq_4§á�Bbq��SUw'N�b�Q p¨o X4_�]%S>_�]�S�wmbd[eS o _ odp ]�S���PmczQeP�w o _4_4PRwy[�S o _�bgf

bq_�] p X4_�wy[eS o _�bgf�c o f>PRQW�OS>[\NjS>_�[\N4P3Y�b�Qxbgf�tjbq_4tqflSUb4� Ñ Pmcx�acxPRQe[\ceSUwy[\PR]¯Y4X4[s_4PyS>t�NjY o ceS>_4t�f>PRQTS o _�Q3wmbq_

Page 36: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E��yH�=�L��²ABL K@D;K�C" ½L £ C�>BD � L E�N�?i m ¡LM=7I�?�C7IQL K  "!  ¡C�D#� R��

h8S>t�X4c\P9ð���MON4P�Y�b�Q\bgfBtnbq_4tqflSUb±bq_�] cxPyf�bd[\PR]®Qe[xc\X�wy[\X4c\PRQm� �OPm|4c o ]jX�wyPR] p c o Z }xyo [&zP× } c\X4[zwxN4Pmcîz�R���4��ñz�

|4c o ]jX�wyP²]�SlØ.Pmc\Pm_j[BY�PmN�bg��S o czbgf�]jPyk:wxS>[zQ2î u b�Q\Q o ��VnbgfUbE×+h�bqczbqY o fUb4�.�R��{��0ñz�.L$QOZEPm_j[eS o _4PR]PRbqc�f�S>PmcR�[\N4PWY�b�Q\bgf.tnbd_4tqflS�b©bqc\P�S�Z©| o c\[ybq_n[Ow o _�Qe[eS>[\X4Pm_j[zQ odp QePm��Pmczb«f:|4c o Z´S�_4Pm_j[ p c o _j[zbgf>§áQeX4Y<w o c\[eSUwmbgf<f ono |�Qm�MON4Pmc\Pbq|4|�PRbqc°[ o Y�P½Ñy|�bqczbgflf>Pyf�wxS>czwyXjS>[zQÒ��OS>[\NjS>_ [\N4PEY�b�Q\b«f�tnbd_4tqflS�b^�BNjSUw\N c\PRwyPyS>��P3S>_4|4X4[zQ p c o ZQePm��Pmcybgfic\PyfUbq[\PR]¯w o c\[eSUwmbgf~bqc\PRb�QBbq_�]�|4c o ÒePRwy[BY�b�wx�:�4��SUbE[xN4P²] o czQxbgfi[\N�bgfUbqZ3X�Qm�µ[ oEo _jf>� o _4P oqp [\N4Pw o c\[�S�wmb«fJbqc\PRb�Q oqp S>_4|4X4[�î u PySUQePmcR�<�R���5ð�ñz�iM�N4PRQePBf ojo |�QvS>_�wxf�X�]jP°[\N o QePW|4c\Pm��S o X�QTf>� ]jPRQxwyceS>Y�PR]�BNjSUwxNS>_n� o f>��P{[\N4P{]�fU`Dh } bd_�]�b }B} �ñLW_�bq[ o Z3SUwmbgfWPm��SU]jPm_�wyP±QeX4t�t�PRQ�[zQ°[\N4P�Py¬nSUQe[xPm_�wyP odp S>_n[\PmcxZ o ]jXjf>Pw o _4_4PRwy[eS o _�Q�Y�Pm[e�OPmPm_{[xN4P p c o _n[zb«f:f ojo |�Qm�h8S>_�bgflf>���.cxPyf���S>_4t o _'bq_�bq[ o Z3SUwmbgf�Pm��SU]jPm_�wyP�� � SUQeN4��S�_.� � bgfUbqZ3X4[R�:× u b�wxN4Pm�«bgflS>Pmc�îy�R��{�ð�ñOQeX4t�§

t�PRQe[�[\N�bq[WN�bqYjS>[ p¨o c\Z�bd[eS o _�Z�bg��Y�P3Y�b�QePR] o _{[\N4P3w o c\[eSUw o §áQe[xceSUbq[zbgfiQe�4Qe[\PmZ{�µS>_n� o f>��S>_4t�[\N4P°Y�b�Q\bgftnbq_4tdf�SUb4� � ["[xNnX�QWbq|4|�PRbdczQB[xN�bq[B[\N4P°Y�b�Q\bgfitjbq_4tqflSUbZ�bg��Y�P$S>_n� o f>��PR]^S�_'Y o [\Nawxf o Q�PR]�f ojo |�QWw o ZE§|4ceSUQTS>_4t'[\N4P�w o _j[\c o f�f>PR]'|�bd[\Nn�Bbg�ab�QW��PyflfBb�Q�S>_ pªo c\Z3S>_4t{[\N4P©N�bqYjS>[zQ$�BNjSUwxN bdc\PEb�wmwyPRQ\QePR]¯S>_ [\N4PbqX4[ o Z�bq[eSUwW|�bq[\Nj�Bbg��� � p [\N4PsY�b�Q\bgfitnbd_4tqflS�b©N�bg��PsQeX�wxNabq_S>_j[\Pmt�czb«f.S>_n� o f���PmZEPm_n[�S>_ p c o _j[zbgf p X4_�wy§[eS o _jS>_4t�� o _4PsZ�bg��b�Q��E�BNj� b�wy[�S���S>[e�ES>_{[xNjS�Q�c\PmtqS o _{�Bb�QD_ o [Oc\Pm| o c\[\PR]^Yn��BbgSUw\Njf>P3Pm["bgfá�[îy�R����ð�ñy�

Page 37: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E��yH�=�L��²ABL K@D;K�C" ½L £ C�>BD � L E�N�?i m ¡LM=7I�?�C7IQL K  "!  ¡C�D#� }�x

L$wmw o cz]�S>_4t'[ o �BbgSUwxNjf�P îá|�PmczQ o _�bgfBw o ZEZ3X4_jSUwmbq[eS o _�ñz�8[\N4PEY�b�Qxbgf~tnbq_4tqflSUb�� o XjfU]'_ o [sN�bg��PEQeN o �B_X4| o _�[\N4PyS>c�Qxwmbq_�Q°X4_jf�PRQxQE[\N4Pm� N�b�]�Qe|�PRwxSlk:wmbgflf�� pªo wyX�QePR] o _�[xN o QeP�]jPmPm|®c\PmtqS o _�Q ��MONjX�Q°S>[°S�QPm_j[eS>c\Pyf>�{| o Q\QTS>Yjf>PE[\N�bq[W[\N4PsY�b�Q\bgfGtnbq_4tqflSUb�bqc\P�S�_j� o f>��PR]^S>_±Q o ZEP o c$bgflf oqp [xN4Ps� o cz]¯b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _w o _�]�S>[eS o _�Qm�Oh4X4cx[\N4PmcBPy¬4|�PmceS>ZEPm_j[zQ��OSlf�fG_4PmPR]�[ o Y�P3w o _�]jX�wy[\PR]�[ o w o _jk�c\Z�[xN4PyS�c�S>_n� o f>��PmZEPm_j[OS>_|�Pmc pªo cxZ�bq_�wyP oqp w o _�Qe[\cybgS>_4PR]�� o cz]b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _.�

����{ �P�"���)�Ç�Bá¿�e�;�e�$�@�+�Æ��\|�×�@�e���±,ù�@�a�e��ÿMON4POk�_�b«f:bqc\PRb p¨o X4_�]°[ o Y�P"b�wy[eS>��POS>_E[\N4PB_�b«S���P"bq_�]°_ o ��Pyf:w o _�]�S>[eS o _�Q odp � o cz]3b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _´S�Qv[\N4Pf>P p [$| o Qe[\Pmc�S o c$[\PmZE| o czbgf~w o c\[\Py¬�î¨f>|�M } ñz�<MONjSUQWflS>PRQ$�OS>[\NjS>_�bEcxPmtqS o _'flS>_4��PR]'[ o Z�bd_n�{b�Q�|�PRwy[zQ oqpfUbq_4t�X�bqt�P$|4c o wyPRQxQTS>_4t���M�N4Pmc\Psbq|4|�PRbdczQO[ o Y�P3b3] o czQ\bgfibqcxPRb oqp [\N4PWf>|�M } b�wy[eS>��P$��N4Pm_�� o cz]4QObqc\P|4c\PRQePm_j[\PR]²µ)·mÀ)¾�\�[)]�¾Ðµ�¯'¯�Å pªo cD|�b�Q\QTS>��P o Y�QePmc\�«bd[eS o _ o c p¨o cO��Pmc\Yt�Pm_4Pmczbd[eS o _¹îe`ñPm[\PmczQePm_Pm[Bbgfá�>�<�R��{��&ñy��BbgSUwxNjf>P�Pm[²bgfá�Ëîz�g����ð�ñOc\Pm��PRbgfBb�Z o c\PE��Pm_j[\czbgf�bdc\PRb�[\N�bd[WS�Q3b�wy[�S���P ]jX4ceS>_4tǼ ¾'¹�·�µ�¯<|4cxPRQePm_n[ybq[eS o _oqp _ o X4_�Q p¨o c���Pmc\Y�t�Pm_4Pmcybq[eS o _.�»M�N4PRQeP�]4bq[zb QeX4t�t�PRQe[�[\N�bq[�[\N4PÆf�|�M } SUQS>_j� o f>��PR]*S>_­S�_4|4X4[x§Z o ]4bgflS>[��{]jPm|�Pm_�]jPm_n[°|4c o wyPRQ\QTS>_4t odp � o cz]4Qm�qóB_4P²cxPRb�Q o _�bqYjf>P�S�_j[\Pmc\|4cxPm[zbq[eS o _^S�Q�[\N�bq[�[\NjSUQWc\PmtqS o _SUQ.cxPRQe| o _�Q�S�Yjf>P p¨o c.[\czbd_�QTfUbq[eS>_4t p c o Z [\N4PñS>_4|4X4[8f>Py¬nSUw o _3[ o b�w o t�_jS>[eS>��P o ciQePmZ�bq_j[eSUwñc\Pm|4c\PRQ�Pm_n[zbd[eS o _.��OS>[\N±QePm|�bqcybq[\PsZ o ]jXjf>PRQ$QeX4Y�QePmcx��S>_4t{PyS>[\N4Pmc$��SUQeX�bgf o c$bqX�]�S>[ o cx��c\Pm|4c\PRQePm_j[zbq[eS o _�Q � � ["� o XjfU]¯[\NjX�Qwmbqc\cx� o X4[O[\cybq_�QTS>[eS o _�Qqðnb3bq_�]{��b�S>_ah8S>t�X4cxP¦}4�u �E[xNjS�QD��S>Pm�s�4[\N4P�f>|�M } S�Q�b�wy[eS>��P�S�_�[xN4P"_�bgS>��PW� o cz]©t�Pm_4Pmczbq[�S o _ w o _�]�S>[eS o _�Y�PRwmbqX�QePWS>[BZ3X�Qe[

[\czbd_�QTfUbq[\P p c o Z [\N4P o c\[xN o t�czbq|4NjSUw3|�bd[\[\Pmc\_ odp [xN4P�_ o X4_�Q°[ o b{QePmZbq_n[�S�w´c\Pm|4c\PRQePm_j[zbq[eS o _ X�QeP p XjfS>_�w o _j[\c o f�f>PR]�b�QxQ o wxSUbq[�S o _.� � [EZ�bg�±Y�P{b�wy[eS>��PS>_®|�b�QxQTS>��P���S>Pm�OS>_4t��Bb�Qs�OPyflfá�~Y�PRwmbqX�QeP'QeX4Y4ÒePRwy[zQbqc\P¯| o QxQTS>Yjf���] o S>_4t®Q o ZEP o |4[eS o _�bgf$QePmZ�bq_j[eSUw¯Pm�«bgf>X�bq[eS o _ oqp [xN4P{� o cz]4Q3Y�PyS>_4t�|4c\PRQePm_j[\PR]<� � _[\N4P3|4czb�wy[�S�wyPR]¯[zb�Qe� oqp � o cz]¯b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _.��N o �OPm��Pmcg��[\NjSUQ$bqcxPRbE_4PmPR]¯_ o [WY�PEb�QWb�wy[eS>��PEQTS>_�wyP3S>[�S�Q| o Q\QTS>Yjf>P�[\N�bq[$_ o Q�PmZ�bq_j[eSUwEPm_�w o ]�S>_4t odp [xN4P�Qe[eS>Z3Xjf>X�Q$SUQ°_4PRwyPRQ\Q\bdc\����MON4P bdX4[ o Z�bq[�S�w°|�bq[xNn�Bbg�w o XjfU] o |�Pmczbq[\P o _ [\N4P�Z o ]4bgflS�[e�j§á]jPm|�Pm_�]jPm_j[ES>_4|4X4[3f>Py¬jSUw o _�]�S>c\PRwy[ef>� [ o |4c o ]jX�wyPS�[yQ²b�Q\Q o wxS�bd[\P��� _�]jPmPR]<�D_4Pm�-Py¬4|�Pmc�S�Z©Pm_n[zQ©w o _�]jX�wy[\PR] pªo c°[\NjSUQ°c\PRQePRbqczwxN PyØ o c\[sQeX4t�t�PRQ�[s[\N�bq[°[\N4P3S>_4|4X4[E[ o [\N4PbqX4[ o Z�bq[eSUw�|�bq[\Nj��bg�3Z�bg�°S>_ p b�wy[OY�P$Z o ]4b«f�S>[e�j§á]jPm|�Pm_�]jPm_j[*î�Q�PmP$L"|4|�Pm_�]�S�¬ar¢ñy�GóBX4c�Nn�j| o [xN4PRQTSUQm�bgf>[\N o X4t�N�Yj�3_ o Z©PRbq_�Q~w o _�wxf>X�QTS>��P��³S�QD[\N�bd[~[\N4P�f>|�M } S�QDc\PRQ�| o _�QTS>Yjf>P p¨o c�b�wmwyPRQxQTS>_4tE[\N4P"w o t�_jS�[�S���Po c"Q�PmZ�bq_j[eSUwWc\Pm|4c\PRQePm_j[zbq[eS o _�Q oqp � o cy]4QGS>_¯c\PRb�]�S>_4t o cOflS�Q�[\Pm_jS>_4t��

Page 38: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E��yH�=�L��²ABL K@D;K�C" ½L £ C�>BD � L E�N�?i m ¡LM=7I�?�C7IQL K  "!  ¡C�D#� }4�

����} !@ég���g�$�æÝ eÝgáÉàg�$��� ,ú�@�¿�¡��ÿMON4P�NjX4Z�bq_ S>_�QeXjfUbqc©f o Y�P^f�S>PRQNjSU]4]jPm_®Y�Pm[e��PmPm_*[\N4P�Y�b�Q\b«f�_jX�wxf>PyS�bd_�] [\N4P o X4[\PmcEw o c\[xPy¬·îáLWX4§t�X�Qe[�S�_4P��D�R��{��Äñz�sMON4P�Q���f>��S�bd_'S>_�QeXjfUbqcEw o c\[\Py¬�î\V � } ñOSUQ�[\N4P3| o c\[�S o _±�BNjSUw\NÆf�S>PRQ°X4_�]jPmc\_4PRbq[xN±[\N4PQe��f>��SUbq_%k:Q\QeX4c\P��ñS>_�wxf o QeP�|4c o ¬nS>Z3S>[e� [ o¯p c o _n[zb«få�ñ|�bqc�S�Pm[ybgfá��bq_�] [xPmZE| o cybgfOf o Y�PRQm� � o c\P[\N�bq_�bwyPm_j[\X4c\��bqt o S>[E�Bb�Q°QeX4t�t�PRQ�[\PR]±[xN�bq[3[\N4PES>_�QeXjfUbÆSUQ°S>_n� o f���PR]/S�_ fUbq_4t�X�bqt�P�|4c o wyPRQ\QTS>_4t��Obq_�]/��Pm[S>[zQ3Py¬�b�wy[Ec o f�P�cxPmZ�bgS>_�QE| ono cef>��X4_�]jPmczQ�[ ono ]�îTL"X4t�X�Q�[eS>_4P��"�R�|{��&ñz� � _ o _4P{QeX4Y4ÒePRwy[3S>[EN�b�Q3Y�PmPm_p¨o X4_�]¯[ o Y�PEwyc\X�wxSUbgf pªo cW[\N4PEbqYjSlflS>[��/[ o _�bdZEP o Y4ÒePRwy[zQ�îTL"X4t�X�Q�[eS>_4P��~�R��{��&ñz�°V�Pm��PmczbgfGS>_�QeXjfUbqc°|�bq§[eS>Pm_j[zQ$N�bg��P3Py¬4NjS�YjS>[\PR] � o cy]�k�_�]�S>_4t±]�S�X wyXjf>[eS>PRQ o c$��PmcxY�bgf~|�bqczbq|4N�b�QTSUb�Q í � S>_�Q�| o _j[zbq_4P o X�Q°bq_�]w o _ p c o _j[zbq[eS o _�b«f8Q�|�PmPRwxN¡î u b�Q\Q o �<VnbgfUb4��×�h�bqcybqY o fUb4�8�R��{¸�0ñy��M�NjS�QWQeX4t�t�PRQe[zQO[\N�bd[�[xN4P$S>_�QeXjfUbZ�bg�Y�P�S>_n� o f���PR]S>_aQ o ZEP oqp [\N4Psb�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS>��Psb�Q�|�PRwy[zQ oqp fUbq_4t�X�bdt�P��� _�QeXjfUbqcB]4bqZ�bqt�P�N�b�Q~bgfUQ o Y�PmPm_ p¨o X4_�]3c\PRwyPm_j[ef>�E[ o c\PRQeXjf>[DS�_Y o [\N�w o _�]jX�wy[eS o _ í�í bq_�]´tqf o Y�bgf í V

bq|4N�b�Q�S�b�Q[î�r$bqZb�QTS o × r$bqZ�b�QTS o ���R�|{�xm~qLWX4t�X�Qe[eS>_4P��<�R��{��å~ Ñ S>t�_ o f o � uDo wmwmbqcz]�Sá�4× } bg��Pmcx_jSå�4�g��{�Üm~u b�Q\Q o ��VnbgfUb4�q×®h�bqczbqY o fUb4�j�R��{¸�0ñy� Ñ S>t�_ o f o � uDo wmwmbdcz]�Sá�n× } bg��Pmc\_jS7îz�R��{�ÜÄñ³cxPm��PRbgf>PR]$[\N�bd[.c\PyfUbq[eS>��Pyf>�QeZ�b«f�f~]jPmPm|'f>PRQTS o _�Q S�_'[\N4P°S>_�QeXjfUb���NjS�wxN�]�SU]'_ o [�S>_n� o f>��P3ZEPmZ o c\�{Q�[\c\X�wy[\X4c\PRQ$Q�[eSlf�f~tjbR��P$ceSUQePE[ ob©tqf o Y�bgfG[��j|�P oqp bq|4N�b�Q�S�bµ� M�N4Pm��N�bR��P²bgfUQ o©pªo X4_�]{[xN�bq[Btqf o Y�bgf~bq|4N�b�Q�S�b odp [\Pm_'] o PRQ�_ o [�S>_n� o f���Pf>PRQTS o _�Q oqp Y o [xN ò Pmc\_jSUwx��P�wîQ~bd_�] u c o wmbmwîQ8fUbq_4t�X�bdt�P"wyPm_j[\PmczQm��Y4X4[�Q o ZEPm[eS>ZEPRQ�S�_�wxf>X�]jPRQ o _jf��´S�_�Q�Xjf�[[ o [xN4PGS>_�QeXjfUb"bd_�]$Y�b�Q\b«fntnbq_4tqflSUb4� � [8[\NnX�Qñbq|4|�PRbqczQ<[\N�bd[.[\N4PRQePD[�� o bqc\PRb�Q<Z�bg� p¨o c\Z bWwyc o Q\Q�§áQePRwy[eS o _oqpGo X4cOfUbq_4t�X�bdt�P$|�bq[\Nj�BbR�4Qm�M�N4P{flS>_4� Y�Pm[��OPmPm_*S>_�QeXjfUb�bq_�]*tqf o Y�bgf²bq|4N�b�Q�S�bµ� b«f�[xN o X4t�N�S>[{]jPmZ o _�Q�[\czbq[\PRQ�Q o ZEP'c o f>P¯S>_

fUbq_4t�X�bqt�P"|4c o wyPRQ\QTS>_4t��³S�Q�_ o [O��Pmc\�EN4Pyf>| p Xjf.S>_{w\N�bqcyb�wy[\PmceS>ÖyS>_4tE[\NjSUQOc o f�P��vL QDZEPm_j[eS o _4PR]<�4N o �OPm��PmcR�[\N4PvS�_�Q�Xjf�bdc~]4bqZ�bqt�P~b«f�Q o bq|4|�PRbdczQ.[ o c\PRQeXjf>[GQe|�PRwxSlk:wmbgflf>�3S>_s[\N4PDZ o c\PñflS>Z3S>[\PR]3w o _�]jX�wy[eS o _Ebq|4N�b�QTSUb4�r$bqZ�b�QTS o ×+r$bdZ�b�QTS o îz�R��{|x&ñ.c\Pm| o c\[B[\N�bq[O[\NjSUQDflS>_4���Bb�QG_ o [B�n_ o �B_|4ceS o cB[ o [xN4PyS�cWQe[\X�]j���~MON4Pm�bqc\t�X4P��RN o �OPm��PmcR�g[\N�bq[<S>_�QeXjfUbqcñf>PRQTS o _�QGwmbd_sY�PBb�|�Pmc\[�S�_4Pm_j[ p b�wy[ o c�S>_3[\N4P~|4c o ]jX�wy[eS o _ oqp w o _�]jX�wy[�S o _bq|4N�b�Q�S�bµ�aMON4PPy¬jS�Q�[\Pm_�wyP oqp Y o [xN w o _�]jX�wy[�S o _®bq|4N�b�QTSUb'bq_�]ÆS�[yQ²w o _n��PmcyQeP��ñ[\czbq_�Q\w o c\[eSUwmbgf�Z o [ o cbq|4N�b�Q�S�bLí � N�b�Q8f>PR]©c\PRQePRbqczwxN4PmczQv[ o QeX4t�t�PRQe[~b$[e� o §¨c o X4[\P~Z o ]jPyf odp Qe|�PmPRw\N|4c o ]jX�wy[eS o _¹î � w } bqc\[\Nj�× ò bqc\ceS>_4t�[ o _.�:�g��{�ð�ñz�u PRwmbqX�Q�P�[xczbq_�Q\w o cx[eSUwmbgf�Z o [ o c�bq|4N�b�QTSUbWN�b�QñY�PmPm_©flS�_4��PR]3[ o [\N4PBb }B} bd_�]²w o _�]jX�wy[eS o _ bd|4N�b�QTSUb

[ o [xN4PWS�_�Q�Xjf�b îx�"c o QxQeZ�bq_Pm["bgfá�>�.�g����R&ñz�j[\N4PmcxP²bq|4|�PRbqczQO[ o Y�P²b©]�S�cxPRwy[ w o cxc\PyfUbq[eS o _{Y�Pm[e��PmPm_¯[\N4Pô�~�� ú$ÿ(ú�Ö��ú,ö�ùVú¿��¨&������ ��7�����6����������&¨/e����� 7�.�%�����;+,���-�&'���.����$!a/e����� �<ô�ô ï ÷��)d�k^ø�û�ùV÷��¨�` �)�$'�4�"��É�����h��6�:+�2 ��� `-�l�����6�M����`)��&'��&'���.�|�y����&����.��(.�M����� ` ����� ��� '�����g�� �@�`-����&��� ���.��¨�`)�����������������4�&'��9�����2i����&��$��&�<ô'^B� þ�÷/�`ú,þ$�$`��-�'�4����¿&�� �%� ���&a���9��6��� !#�����½�!��4�� (��-�(.�7���������� ���¨�� �"��e���$��h����j+�2 +)��&��;��� `)���������@� � �������&��$����8��� (@�$���M` ����� ����&'���.�3�$!m�4�� (��-�(.��<ô���p�ÿ(ú��^ö�ø`÷$ÿ�û�ùVø`ú,þabJ÷$û�÷$ÿ��$`��-�'�4�3����9.���9��6@� ���������7�`-�������0` ������� ��&'�����0���×����`)��&'��&'���.�P&���h��+ ��&"���j`)���������Æ�� ��!#&����@`-����$`��-�'��� �`-����&��� ���.����`)�6������<

Page 39: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E��yH�=�L��²ABL K@D;K�C" ½L £ C�>BD � L E�N�?i m ¡LM=7I�?�C7IQL K  "!  ¡C�D#� }�R

|�bq[\Nj�Bbg�³Q<| o Qe[\XjfUbq[xPR] p¨o c�Q�|�PmPRwxN²|4c o ]jX�wy[eS o _Ebq_�]�[\N4P~[e� o |�bq[xNn�Bbg�³Q��OP�bdc\P�Qe[xX�]j��S>_4t�S�_3c\PyfUbq[�S o _[ o � o cz]¯b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _.�3MON4P�b }�} �:bd_�]{| o Q\QTS>Yjf>�±[\N4PE]�fU`~h } �.wyPmc\PmY�Pyflf�X4Z¯�~bq_�]¯Y�b�Q\bgf~tjbq_4tqflSUb�b�Q�OPyflfå��SUQ�b w o ZE| o _4Pm_n[ oqp [\N4Paw o _n[\c o flf�PR]7.qQe| o _j[zbq_4P o X�Q|�bq[\Nj��bg���+MON4P¯S>_�QeXjfUb4� o _�[\N4P o [\N4PmcN�bq_�]<�ñbqc\P°S>_n� o f���PR]¯S>_±[\N4PEb�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS>��PE|4c o wyPRQ\Q�PRQ oqp [\N4Pw o _�]jX�wy[eS>��PB.«bqX4[ o Z�bq[eSUw°|�bq[\Nj�Bbg��� ò PZ3S>t�Nj[s[\NjX�Q$��S>Pm�-c\PRb�]�S�_4t o c°c\Pm|�PRbd[eS>_4taQe| o ��Pm_/f�bd_4t�X�bqt�P�b�QsbNjS>t�Njf>��N�bdYjS�[xX�bq[\PR] b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS>��P|4c o wyPRQ\Q3|�Pmc pªo c\ZEPR]/S>_�[\NjSUQ°fUbq[\[\PmcEQe�4Qe[\PmZ¯�±L�f o _4t±�OS>[\N�|4c o Ò�PRwy[eS o _�Q°[ o [\N4P p c o _j[zbgfá�G|�bdceS>Pm[zbgfá�bq_�]©[\PmZE| o czbgf�f o Y�PRQm�4cxPRwxS�|4c o wmbgfiw o _4_4PRwy[�S o _�QBbq|4|�PRbdc�[ o Py¬jS�Q�[�Y�Pm[e��PmPm_[\N4P$b }B} bq_�]©[\N4P�S�_�Q�Xjf�bîáLWX4t�X�Qe[eS>_4P��.�g��{��&ñz�j|�Pmc\N�bq|�QWQeX4|4| o cx[eS>_4t Q o ZEPBS>_j[\Pmczb�wy[�S o _{Y�Pm[e�OPmPm_{[xN4P$[�� o |�bq[\Nj�Bbg�³Qm�� _ Q�X4ZEZ�bqc\���ñ�OPEPRwxN o [\N4P Q�X4t�t�PRQe[eS o _ oqp �BbgSUwxNjf>P�Pm[´b«få� îz�R����ð�ñB[\N�bq[s[xN4P Qe��f>��SUbq_ S>_�QeXjfUbqc

w o c\[xPy¬ Qe[ o cxPRQ²bd_�]±Pm� o ��PRQ3w o _�]�S>[eS o _�bgf b�QxQ o wxSUbq[�S o _�Qm��MON4P�Py¬�b�wy[3_�bq[\X4cxP oqp [\N4P Q�[eS>Z²Xjf>X�Qbq_�]c\PRQe| o _�QeP°Pm_�w o ]�S>_4tnQ��OSlflf�Y�P²]�SUQ\wyX�Q\QePR] p X4c\[\N4PmcOS>_¯[\N4P$_4Py¬³[Ww\N�bq|4[xPmcR�

��� � �P�"���+� �;ß��$���'�÷ÿM�¡�e��á¿�¡�e�$���¡� ,ú�@�¿�¡��ÿMON4P o [xN4Pmc�bdc\PRb pªo X4_�]Yj���Bb«S�wxNjf>PsPm["b«få�v[ o Y�P²QTS>t�_jSlk:wmbq_j[ef>��Z o c\P$b�wy[eS>��P�S>_{[\N4PW|4czb�wy[�S�wyPR]¯w o _4§]�S>[eS o _ oqp ��Pmc\YEt�Pm_4Pmcybq[eS o _E[\N�bd_3S>_�[\N4P�_�bgS>��P o cD_ o ��Pyf:w o _�]�S>[eS o _�QDSUQG[\N4P�f�P p [OZEPR]�SUbgf:Py¬4[\czb�Qe[\ceSUbq[\Pw o c\[xPy¬®î¨f>Z×S } ñz�OóB[\N4Pmcs[\N�bd_{S>[zQWt�Pm_4PmczbgfGS>_n� o f>��PmZEPm_j[WS�_/Z3SU]4]�f�Pm§Ýf>Pm��PyfW��SUQeX�bgf~|4c o wyPRQ\Q�S�_4t��.��Pmc\�flS>[\[ef>P�QePmPmZ�QW[ o Y�P3�n_ o �B_±bqY o X4[$[\N4P p X4_�wy[eS o _ oqp [\NjSUQ°Qe[\c\X�wy[\X4cxP�î Ô bq_�]jPyfá�O�R���µ��ñz�"`ñPm[xPmczQePm_'Pm[bgfá��îy�R����x&ñDN�bR��P²]jPmZ o _�Q�[\czbq[\PR]�b�wy[eS>��S>[e��S>_'[\NjSUQ"bdc\PRb�b�Q"b©c\PRQeXjf>[ oqp [\N4P3|4c\PRQePm_j[zbq[eS o _ oqp � o cz]4Qo cO|�QePmX�] o §¨� o cy]4Qm��Y4X4[B_ o [ p¨o cDf�Pm[x[\PmcBQe[\ceS>_4tnQD_ o [Oc\PRQePmZ3YjflS>_4tE� o cz]4Q o c pªo cOQe[\ceS>_4tnQ oqp8p bgfUQeP$wxN�bqc\§b�wy[\PmcyQm�'L Q3�Bb«S�wxNjf>P'Pm[´b«få� QeX4t�t�PRQ�[R�8S�[bq|4|�PRbqcyQs[xN�bq[°S�[©Z�bg� p X4_�wy[eS o _�b�Q3b{��SUQeX�bgfB� o cz] p¨o c\Zbqc\PRbµ��� o �OPm��PmcR�gS>[DS�QD_ o [Owxf>PRbqc~N o ��Q�X�w\N�b p X4_�wy[eS o _�w o XjfU]Y�P�S�_�w o c\| o cybq[\PR]´S�_j[ o [\N4P bdX4[ o Z�bq[�S�w|�bq[\Nj�Bbg��Qe|�PRwxSlk:wmbgflf>���

Page 40: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

à áãâ·ä½åÂæ�ç �

q � ½ � ¹ Á � ¼D½�¢*½ ¹2¾ ½»¼

L�f�[xN o X4t�N��OP$N�bg��P"[�S�t�Nn[\Pm_4PR][xN4Psw o _�Qe[\czb«S�_j[zQ o _�[\N4PW| o Q\QTS>Yjf>P p X4_�wy[eS o _�Q odp PRb�wxN{bqc\PRb�S>_n� o f���PR]S>_�[xN4P"[e� o |�bq[\Nj�BbR�4Qm�q�OPWN�bR��PB��Pm[~[ o ]jPRQ\wyceS>Y�Psb²Q�S�_4tdf�Psw o _�QTSUQe[\Pm_j[~Z o ]jPyf oqp [\N4P"Pm_j[eS>c\P$Qe�4Qe[\PmZ{�� _ p b�wy[g��_�bqc\c o ��S�_4t$[xN4PB�«b�Q�[~czbq_4t�P odp | o Q\QTS>Yjf>P$w o _jk�t�X4czbq[�S o _�Q~] o �B_E[ o b°QTS>_4tqf>P"| o Q\QTS>Yjf>Psbq_�Qe�OPmc�OSlflfB_ o [3Y�P| o Q\Q�S�Yjf>P¯tqS>��Pm_ o X4c²wyX4c\c\Pm_j[3�n_ o �Of>PR]jt�P��'� o �OPm��Pmcg�.�OP���S�flfBY�P{bdYjf�P[ o QeX4t�t�PRQe[3b_jX4Z²Y�Pmc odp flS>��Pyf>�²wmbq_�]�SU]4bq[xPRQm� u b�QePR] o _$[xN4P~|4c\PR]�SUwy[eS o _�Qñt o ��Pmcx_4PR]WYn�W[\N4P~Z o Qe[<|jfUbqX�QTS>Yjf>PBZ o ]jPyf�Q�OP3�OSlf�f~Y�P�bqYjf>P3[ o ]jPRQTS>t�_±_4Pm�+Py¬4|�PmceS>ZEPm_j[zQ$[ oEp X4c\[\N4Pmc$_�bqcxc o � ] o �B_¯[\N4P°k�Pyf�]<�3�Bbq[xN4Pmc$[\N�bq_[\c\��S>_4t3[ o [zb�wx��f>P$w o ZE|jf>Pm[\P$Qe�4Qe[\PmZ�Qm�df>Pm[�X�QDY�PmtqS>_�Yj�EPm_jX4ZEPmczbq[eS>_4t3[\N4PB| o Q\QTS>Yjf>PsZ©PRw\N�bq_jSUQeZQ p¨o cb3_jX4Z3Y�Pmc oqp [\N4PyS>c$wyc\X�wxSUbgf�w o ZE| o _4Pm_j[zQm�

{g�.� ,ù�r\|�×�iÝg� Ý��eá��@���%�g�¦!@égá¿�¡��\� [EQeN o Xjf�] Y�P QxbgSU] [\N�bq[s�OP�] o _ o [3N o |�P�[ o flSUQe[EPm��Pmc\�/| o Q\Q�S�Yjf>P�ZEPRwxN�bq_jSUQeZ{� pªo c3[\N o QePEZ3S>t�Nj[�OPyflf�Y�P$S>_jk�_jS>[\P��"MON4P°t o bgf.N4Pmc\P�SUQB[ o ]jPRQ\wyceS>Y�P�b«f�fGQ\wyPm_�bqceS o Q��BNjSUw\N±QePmPmZ#c\PRb�Q o _�bqYjf>PstqS>��Pm_¯[\N4P�j_ o ��_aw o _�Qe[xczbgS>_n[yQm�BL�f>[\N o X4t�N'Z3X�w\N oqp [xN4P$S>_ pªo c\Z�bq[eS o _±]�SUQ\wyX�Q\Q�PR]¯S>_a[xN4PsfUb�Q�[ wxN�bq|4[\Pmc�SUQW_ o [w o _�wxf>X�QTS>��P���S>[BZ�bg�Et�XjS�]jP o X4c�S�_j[\XjS>[eS o _�Q�S>_aQeX4t�t�PRQe[eS>_4t o cBPyflS>Z3S>_�bq[eS>_4t�|jfUbqX�QTS>Yjf>P�]jPRQTS>t�_�Q �

8¨ª�«%ª�« Î Ï8È.Î�Å�Ï%Ã�ÃáË�É Á Ë�ÐB6BÏ.È~ÐqË Ä±Ë�ÈDË�Å�Ç�Î�ÏáÏ8ÈóBX4c$S>_j��PRQe[eS>tnbd[eS o _ oqp [\N4P3f>|�M } Q�X4t�t�PRQe[zQW[xN�bq[$[\NjSUQWSUQWflS>��Pyf>� [ o Y�PE[xN4P3k�czQe[sbqcxPRb�b�wy[eS>�«bq[xPR]¯S>_c\PRQe| o _�QeP[ o b^_4Pm��Qe[�S�Z3Xjf>X�Qm�'MON4PEZ o Qe[²Q\bd[eSUQ p b�wy[ o c\�¯Py¬³|jfUbq_�bq[�S o _ pªo cWS>[zQ p X4_�wy[eS o _/S�Q°[\N�bd[$S>[[\czbd_�QTfUbq[\PRQ�[\N4P o cx[\N o t�czbd|4NjS�w�Pm_�w o ]�S>_4t oqp [xN4P²Qe[eS>Z3Xjf>X�Q�S>_n[ o bw o t�_jS>[eS>��P3c\Pm|4c\PRQePm_j[zbq[�S o _{�BNjSUwxNSUQG[\N4Pm_3|�b�QxQePR] o _3[ o [\N4PB]�fU`~h }'p¨o cG|4c o wyPRQ\QTS>_4t��~MON4PBb }�} bq|4|�PRbqcyQñ[ o Y�PB|4ceS>Z�bqc�S�f>�EcxPRQe| o _�Q�S�Yjf>Pp¨o c$Z�bgS>_j[zbgS>_jS>_4tÆbcxPm|4c\PRQePm_j[zbq[eS o _ odp [\N4PE[yb�Qe�{[ o Y�P�b�wmw o ZE|jflSUQeN4PR]<� ò N4Pm[\N4Pmcs[\NjSUQ o wmwyX4czQ�Yn�

}�}

Page 41: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E��yH�C�>@D�=�L��²A"¤%DBC�D��JL NMD;¤ }�ð

ZEPRbq_�Q oqp b�c\PyS>_ p¨o czwxS>_4t¯f ono | �OS>[\N [\N4PEY�b�Qxbgf�tnbd_4tqflS�b o c$S>_�b p b�QeNjS o _/S>_n[\Pmcx_�bgf�[ o [xN4P b }�} S�Q_ o [°�n_ o �B_.�{h8S>_�bgflf>���D[\N4P�]�fU`~h } QePmPmZ�Q°[ o Y�P{b^Z�bqÒ o csw o Z©| o _4Pm_j[°S�_ [\N4P�b�wy[\X�bgfO|4c o wyPRQ\Q oqpt�Pm_4Pmczbd[eS>_4t b�| o QxQTS>Yjf�P�c\PRQe| o _�QeP��GMON4Pmc\P�bdc\P�QePm��Pmczbgfn�Bbg�³Q:S�_3�BNjSUwxN3[\N4PRQeP~Z o ]jXjf>PRQGw o XjfU]�S>_n[\Pmcyb�wy[S>_aw o _j[\c o f�f>PR]^c\PRQe| o _�QePst�Pm_4Pmcybq[eS o _.�

� A ���(� =�?mK4I�62���qH:K��m=�?�� �m6���H2�5��H-64�:K��Ý? =&�/�mKC�.I����<9����qH<K�=U��� I����gK>���R;����q64�C�<Kf�i?=U��KC�2�q6.I����<9®6C x�qH:K¡�m=�?�� I8K³?-���B�5¢4����62���m6X�qH<6:?mK¤£a6.Iv7J;�K³?67 ��qH<K�Iñ;5¥x¦§�¨�q=C¢8=C©ñ;>K�67 ¢ñK&�� T6"�d£ª�9�<9��qH:=&�+�m=�?��vA C´H:K4?mK�=C�gKj=�?«�qH:K7� 6"¢ñK&�g=&�mK¬��� =�;�6:6U¢ñK³I� T=�?qH2�>64���_���qHZ�qH:K©8=�?m=�;D9�=U�<9:;��>=�=U�.I®­n6"�O�qH<K(�dK>�gK&©ñK³;Ý;¨7W£¯����6"�qI.K&�V�m6G¢��g6.Iv7°�qK'=±�gK4?�¢ñ64�J? K:Au PRwmbqX�QeP¯[\N4P�|�bq[\Nj�BbR�4Q°Y�Pm[e�OPmPm_�[\N4P p c o _j[zbgf"bqc\PRb�Q©bq_�] [\N4P�Y�b�Q\b«f�tjbq_4tqflSUb�bqcxP��n_ o �B_�[ o Y�PZ3X4[\X�bgflf>��Py¬�wxS>[zbq[ o c\�9î�� o X4��× ò SUQeP��<�R����}qY�ñz��[\NjSUQO� o XjfU]�QeX4t�t�PRQe[O[\N�bd[�[xN4Psb }B} SUQB]�S>c\PRwy[ef>��c\Pm§Qe| o _�QTS>Yjf>P p¨o cB]�S�Q�S�_4NjS>YjSU[�S�_4t�Z o ]jXjf>PRQ oqp [\N4Ps]�fU`~h } �4MON4P"Py¬jSUQe[\Pm_�wyP oqp QeX�wxN{w o _4_4PRwy[eS o _�QBQ�N o XjfU]Y�P�[\PRQe[zbqYjf>P��~M�N4PBPy¬nSUQe[xPm_�wyP oqp [\N4POf ojo |EY�Pm[e�OPmPm_E[\N4PW]�f�`Dh } bd_�]Ebqc\PRb�Q odp [\N4PBY�b�Q\bgf�tnbq_4tdf�SUb�N�b�QY�PmPm_��OPyflf:PRQ�[zbqYjflSUQeN4PR]<�~L�f>[\N o X4t�Nf>PRQ\QD�OPyflf p¨o X4_�]jPR]<�4[\N4PmcxP"bq|4|�PRbdc�[ o Y�PsQ�X¸X wxS>Pm_n[Bw o _4_4PRwy[eS o _�QY�Pm[e�OPmPm_{[xN4P²]�fU`~h } bd_�]�[\N4P3wyPmc\PmY�Pyflf>X4Z¦[ o QeX4|4| o cx[ b3ZbqÒ o cB|4c o wyPRQ\QTS>_4t©f ojo |'b�QB�OPyflfá�OLBf>[\Pmcx§_�bq[\Pyf>���jS>[OSUQ�Pm_n[�S�cxPyf���| o Q\QTS>Yjf>Ps[xN�bq[g®$[�\'Ê°[\N4P$Y�b�Q\bgf.tnbd_4tqflS�bbq_�][\N4PswyPmcxPmY�Pyflf>X4Z¦bqc\P�S�_j� o f>��PR] S>_[\N4P$|4c o wyPRQ\Qm�

� A�² � C3H<K{=U����?mK7�JIñ?V���R?©?/�m6"�gK4IG�gK>¢W�gK³? KC�C�m=&����62�±67 §�qH<K(�q64�J?³���R=C���C�O´z?q72��H�=�?x�<K>�B©/6"��q=&�mKj9�6U��� � IW���RK&�B�R;µ���m6��qH<KX©.=�? =�;s9�=U�:9<;5��=¶�g=&�qH<K>�+�qH<=U�¶�m6·�qH:K�Ii;�¥�¦¸��A�¹B�C�mK&�g=C�B����62�©ñKa���3KjKC�M�qH:K±Iñ;5¥x¦§��=U�.I�=U���� ��g62�C�m=�;µº\?q72©��q6"�-�����q=�;$;>6<6U¢i?»�_�µ�qH°���X�qH<K¼©8=�?m=�;�9�=U�<9:;��>=�gK³?d7J;µ�R?����G�qH:Kª�q64�J?³���R=C���C�_©ñK&���:9 =C¢�¢ñ;��>K4I~AMONjSUQ©Z o ]jPyfWSUQ3f>Pm_j[{QeX4|4| o c\[EYj��[\N4P{�j_ o �B_�S>_j[\Pmczb�wy[eS o _�Q©�OS>[\NjS>_�[\N4P{Y�b�Q\bgf"tnbd_4tqflS�b/Y�Pm[e�OPmPm_p c o _j[zbgf>§áQeX4Y:w o c\[eSUwmbgfOf ono |�Q � M�NjS�Q©� o XjfU]�QeX4t�t�PRQ�[´b¯ZEPRwxN�bq_jSUQeZ S>_*�BNjSUw\N®]�SUQTS>_4NjS>YjSU[eS o _ odp [\N4P|4c o |�Pmc�]�fU`~h } §áQeX4Y<w o c\[eSUwmbgf wxS>czwyXjS>[ o wmwyX4cyQ3�OS>[\NjS>_®[\N4P�Y�b�Q\bgfBtnbq_4tqflSUb4��MON4P�Py¬jSUQe[\Pm_�wyP odp QeX�wxNPy¬�wxS�[ybq[ o c\��w o _4_4PRwy[eS o _�QWQeN o XjfU]^Y�Ps[xPRQe[zbqYjf>P²b�QO�OPyf�fá�DL"tjbgS>_.�jS>[BSUQ�| o Q\Q�S�Yjf>P3[\N�bq[O[\N4PswyPmcxPmY�Pyflf>X4ZSUQOS>_j� o f>��PR] S�_¯[\N4P²QxbqZEPWf ono |ab�QO[xN4PsY�b�Q\b«fJtjbq_4tqflSUb o c�S�_'bEQePm|�bqcybq[\P o _4P p c o Z�[\N4PmZ{��b«f�[xN o X4t�NS>[BSUQ�flS���Pyf��¯[\N�bq[B[xN4Pm��� o c\�E[ o t�Pm[\N4Pmc"]jX4Ps[ o [\N4PyS>csQe[\c o _4tsS>_j[\Pmczw o _4_4PRwy[�S o _�Q¢î }�yo [&zP × } c\X4[zwxN4PmcR��R���µ��ñz�

Page 42: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E��yH�C�>@D�=�L��²A"¤%DBC�D��JL NMD;¤ }��

� A�½ � C´H:K'=U���¦? KC�.Ii?©=±�gK&¢��gK4?mK7�C�m=&���>64�®6C ¾�qH<K±�q62�.?/���g=C���C�O�m6G�qH:K±�dK>�gK&©ñK³;Ý;¨7W£�A C´H:K�qK&�gK>©ñK4;U;å7W£¿�Ý?r�9�7�:6<;��<K4I+�9�'={;>6<6U¢ª�_�µ�qH+�qH:K�Iñ;�¥�¦¸�+=U�JI+�qH87J?W=C¢W¢i;���K³?À�qH:KK�q62�.?/���g=C���C��AMONjSUQ°Z o ]jPyf~SUQ3QeX4|4| o cx[\PR]±Yj�±[\N4P©Py¬nSUQe[\Pm_�wyP odp Q�S�t�_jS�k:wmbd_n[�w o _4_4PRwy[eS o _�Q p c o Z¦[\N4P�b }B} [ o [\N4PwyPmc\PmY�Pyf�f>X4Z{� � [sbgfUQ o QePmPmZ�Q$wmbd|�bqYjf>P oqp Py¬4|jf�b«S�_jS>_4t±� } ��wîQ�Pmc\c o c\§¨c\PyfUbq[\PR]']jPyk:wxS>[zQm�°L wmw o cz]�S>_4t{[ o[\NjSUQGZ o ]jPyfá�jZ�bqÒ o cG]4bqZ�bqt�P�[ o [\N4P"wyPmc\PmY�Pyf�f>X4Z�� o XjfU]EwmbdX�QeP"QTS>t�_jSlk:wmbq_j[�]�SUQec\X4|4[�S o _�QGS>_[\N4PB� o cz]b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _�|4c o wyPRQ\Q �nY�Pm� o _�]�QTS>ZE|jf>�[\N4PWc\PmZ o �«bgf oqp [\N4P$[yb�Qe�Ew o _�Qe[\cybgS>_n[R�G� o ��Pm��PmcR��[\NjSUQBQ�PmPmZ�Q[ o X4_�]jPmcywyX4["[\N4P$Pm��SU]jPm_�wyPEQeX4t�t�PRQe[�S�_4tb3[eS>t�Nj[OS>_n[\Pmcyb�wy[eS o _{Y�Pm[e��PmPm_{b }B} bq_�]�]�fU`~h } �

8¨ª�«%ª�© 0 ÂvÎdÏ41 Ç�Î�ÏTÍ Á Ë�ÐB6BÏ.È~ÐqË 0 ЫÐqÏGÍmÏTÇ�Î�ÏTÏ.ÈóB_4P oqp [\N4P3Z�bdÒ o c"|4c o Yjf�PmZQ p b�wyPR]^S>_�Z o ]jPyflflS>_4t±[\N4PEbqX4[ o Zbq[eSUw°|�bq[\Nj��bg�^S�Q°]jPm[\Pmc\Z3S>_jS>_4t'[\N4Pc\Pm|4c\PRQ�Pm_n[zbd[eS o _�Q$Y�Pm[��OPmPm_ �BNjSUw\N/S>[°S�Q p¨o c\Z3S>_4t'b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _�Qm� � p �OP�w o _�QTSU]jPmc3[\N4P�«bqc�S o X�QWf>Py¬nS>§wmbgfBbq_�]�Q�PmZ�bq_j[eSUwEb�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _�Q3]jPRQ\wyceS>Y�PR]/S�_ } N�bq|4[\Pmc¦}µ�<S>[°S�Q°Pm��SU]jPm_n[3[\N�bq[°[\N4Pmc\P�bqc\P�Q�Pm��Pmczbgfbgf>[\Pmc\_�bd[eS>��PRQm�~MON4P$b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _�Q�w o XjfU]�Y�P p¨o c\Z©PR]EY�Pm[��OPmPm_�Z o ]4bgflS>[e�n§ p c\PmPsw o t�_jS>[eS>��P$cxPm|4c\PRQePm_j[zbq§[eS o _�Qm� o cB[\N4Pm�{w o XjfU] S�_j� o f>��P°Z o ]4bgflS�[e�j§á]jPm|�Pm_�]jPm_j[Wf>Py¬nSUwmbgf~c\Pm|4cxPRQePm_n[ybq[eS o _�Q o _�PyS>[\N4PmcW[\N4P�S�_4|4X4[o c o X4[x|4X4[$Pm_�]<� u b�QePR] o _/Py¬³|�PmceS>ZEPm_n[yQsw o _�]jX�wy[\PR]ÆPy¬³|jflSUwxS>[ef>��[ o bq_�Qe�OPmc$[\NjSUQ3T�X4PRQe[�S o _.��S�[3bq|4§|�PRbdczQ°[\N�bq[$S>_4|4X4[E[ o [\N4P�bqX4[ o Zbq[eSUw3|�bq[\Nj�Bbg�{SUQ°Z o ]4bgflS>[��j§á]jPm|�Pm_�]jPm_j[�BN4Pmc\PRb�Q°[\N4P o X4[\|4X4[�S�Qc\PyfUbq[eS>��Pyf>�/S>_�]jPm|�Pm_�]jPm_j[ oqp Z o ]4bgflS>[����%V�PmP�L"|4|�Pm_�]�Sl¬�r p¨o cEb']jPm[zbgSlf>PR]�|4c\PRQePm_j[zbq[�S o _ oqp [\N4PRQePPy¬4|�PmceS>ZEPm_j[zQm�DL ]4]�S>[eS o _�b«f�f>���.bq_4PRwm] o [zbgf.Pm��SU]jPm_�wyPEQeX4t�t�PRQe[zQD[\N�bq[OZ o [ o c o X4[\|4X4[OSUQO_ o [�_4PRwyPRQ\Q\bqc\�S>_{[\N4P°c\PyS>_ pªo czwyPmZEPm_j[ oqp bq_{b�QxQ o wxSUbq[xP��BV�X4Y4ÒePRwy[zQ��BN o [\NjS>_4� oqp b©c\PRQe| o _�QePs[ ojo fUbq[\P$[ o b�wy[\X�bgflf>�Qe|�PRbq��wmbq_ _4Pm��Pmc\[\N4Pyf>PRQ\Q´c\Pm|4c o ]jX�wyP�[\N�bd[sc\PRQe| o _�QePczbq[\N4Pmc3PRb�Q�S�f>� o _�[\N4P_4Py¬4[²|4cxPRQePm_n[ybq[eS o _ oqp[\N4P3Qe[eS>Z3Xjf�X�Q �"MONjSUQ$QeX4t�t�PRQe[zQO[\N�bd[B[\N4P²b�Q\Q o wxS�bd[\P$SUQW|4c o Y�bdYjf��¯_ o [BPm_�w o ]jPR]^S�_'[\N4P�f o �OPRQe[x§Ýf�Pm��Pyfå�Z o ]4bgflS>[��{]jPm|�Pm_�]jPm_n[W[\Pmc\ZQm�M�N4P"QePRw o _�]3ZbqÒ o c;T�X4PRQ�[eS o _3S>_ ]jPRQ�S�t�_jS�_4t3[\N4PWbqX4[ o Z�bd[eSUwO|�bq[\Nj�BbR�WSUQD�BN4Pm[\N4PmcOb$]jPRQ\wyceS>|4[eS o _

oqp [\N4P�[zb�Q��±SUQ©Py¬³|jflSUwxS>[ef>��Pm_�w o ]jPR]%S>_®[\N4PS>_4|4X4[R� MON4P�[e� o | o QxQTS>Yjf�P Q\wyPm_�bqceS o QEbdc\P{]�SUQ\wyX�Q\QePR]p X4c\[\N4PmcBN4Pmc\P��

²:A ��� C´H:K«�m=�?��M�U?»�<6C���gK>¢W�gK³? KC�C�mK4IM�9�M�qH:KÁ���°¢v7U�l�<K&�B�m6"�Â�m6ª�qH:K�=�?g?m62����=&�����<Kª¢8=&�qHC�3=f�<AMONjSUQGZ o ]jPyf�� o XjfU]3QeX4t�t�PRQ�[G[\N�bq[ñ|�P o |jf>PW�OSlf�f�N�bg��PB]�S�X wyXjf>[e�EQTS>Z²Xjf>[zbd_4P o X�QTf>��b�wxNjS>Pm��S>_4tsPyØ o cx[ef>PRQ\QQe[\PmcxP o [e�n|�PR]3c\PRQe| o _�QePRQ p¨o cD[�� o ]�SlØJPmcxPm_n[D[zb�Qe�4Q o _E[\N4PWQ\bqZEPOflSUQe[ oqp Qe[eS>Z3Xjf�Sá�O`ñSlf o [�Q�[\X�]�S>PRQ � N�bg��Pw o _�]jX�wy[\PR]%c\PRwyPm_j[ef>�®QeX4t�t�PRQe[©[\N�bq[3_ o QeX�wxN�S>_j[\Pmc p Pmc\Pm_�wyP{Py¬jSUQe[zQm�Dc\Pm_�]jPmceS>_4t�[\NjSUQ3Z o ]jPyf$czbq[\N4PmcX4_jflS>��Pyf>��� � o c\P©S>_4§á]jPm|4[\N®Py¬4|�Pmc�S�Z©Pm_n[zQ©�OSlflf"Y�P�_4PRwyPRQxQ\bqc\� [ o ]jPmZ o _�Qe[xczbq[\P[\NjSUQEw o _j��S>_�wxS>_4tqf>���N o �OPm��PmcR�

Page 43: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E��yH�C�>@D�=�L��²A"¤%DBC�D��JL NMD;¤ }�Ü

²:A�² �_à �®K7�°�q6.IW�9�<9�6C r�qH<K±�m=�?-���q62�.?/���g=C���C�R?Á�Ý?�KaÄ�¢ñ;5�����µ�R;����gK>¢W�gK³? KC�C�mK4I��9���qH<KI���°¢v7U��<K>���m6"�»�m6±�qH<K{=�?g?m62����=&�����<K±¢8=&�qHC�3=f�<AL$QBZ3��|jSlf o [sPy¬4|�PmceS>ZEPm_j[sQeX4t�t�PRQe[zQm��[\NjSUQ�SUQW|4c o Y�bqYjf>�{[xN4P²w o c\cxPRwy["Z o ]jPyfá�sMON4P°_ o [\PR]¯Py¬nSUQe[xPm_�wyPoqp bq_�bq[ o Z3SUwmbgf w o _4_4PRwy[eS o _�Q©Y�Pm[e�OPmPm_®[xN4Pab }B} bq_�]%[\N4P±V � } SUQ o _4P�| o Q\QTS>Yjf>PaZ©PRw\N�bq_jSUQeZ p¨o c[\N4P3c\Pm|4c\PRQ�Pm_n[zbd[eS o _ oqp [\N4P3[zb�Qe�{Q�[eS>Z²Xjf>X�Qm� � p [\N4PEb }B} SUQ�S�_j� o f>��PR]aS�_ bq[\[\Pm_j[eS o _{[ o [zb�Qe�S>_±[\N4P|4czb�wy[�S�wyPR]�w o _�]�S�[�S o _®b�Q°��Pyflf"b�Q�S>_�[\N4P_�bgS>��P{w o _�]�S>[eS o _.�D��PZ3S>t�Nj[Eb�Qe�'�BNj�'S>[�]jPmZ o _�Qe[xczbq[\PRQZ o cxP²b�wy[eS>��S>[��^S>_±[\N4P°fUbq[\[\PmcR� � [WS�QW| o Q\QTS>Yjf>P[\N�bq[�S�[WSUQ�S>_j� o f>��PR]±Q o ZEPm�BN�bq[�S>_aY o [\N±w o _�]�S>[eS o _�Qm�Y4X4[~[ o b�f�PRQxQePmcOPy¬³[\Pm_j[ñS>_�[xN4PB|4czb�wy[eSUwyPR]Ew o _�]�S�[�S o _.�n| o Q\QTS>Yjf>�Y�PRwmbqX�QeP�S�[D_4PmPR]E_ o [G[\c\�3[ o b�wy[eS>�qbq[\P[\N4P�]�fU`~h } wxS>czwyXjS>[3S>_�[xNjS�Q3wmb�Q�P�� M�NjS�Q°Y4ceS>_4tnQ°X�Q°[ o [\N4P×T�X4PRQe[eS o _ oqp N o ��[\N4P[�� o |�bq[xNn�Bbg�³Q �w o _j[\c o flf>PR]{bd_�]�bqX4[ o Z�bd[eSUwq�jS>_n[\Pmcyb�wy[R�

8¨ª�«%ªWÍ Õ°Ç�Î�­4Å�Ça: ? È8ÎdË�Å�Ç<ÍjÎ�ÏáÏ.ÈDÐL _jX4Z3Y�Pmc oqp | o Q\QTS>Yjf>P$ZEPRwxN�bq_jSUQeZ»w o XjfU]Py¬4|jf�b«S�_�[xN4P ] o Z´S�_�bd_�wyP oqp [\N4P$w o _j[\c o flf>PR]|�bq[\Nj�BbR��S>_[\N4P$_�bgS>��P3w o _�]�S>[eS o _abd_�] oqp [\N4PsbqX4[ o Z�bq[eSUwW|�bq[\Nj�Bbg�sS>_¯[\N4Ps|4czb�wy[eSUwyPR]{w o _�]�S>[eS o _.�

½.A ��� C3H<K¬¢8=&�qHC�3=f�i?«�g=C�qKX�m6 9�KC�<K&�R=&�mK*=��RK4?�¢ñ64�J? K:A�C3H<KGÆ��q?/�¯62�<KX�_�µ�qH)=��q6U���gK&�B��gK³?-¢ñ62�.?mK+�U?V�qH<K+�_�����<K>�jAMONjSUQDSUQ�[\N4PsQTS>ZE|jf>PRQe[BZ o ]jPyfá� � p S>[OSUQDS>_�]jPmPR]¯[\N4Pswmb�Q�P���S>[OSUQ�| o QxQTS>Yjf�P°[\N�bq[OPyS>[\N4PmcW[\N4P wyPmcxPmY�Pyflf>X4Zo cO[\N4P$Y�b�Qxbgf.tnbq_4tqflSUb°SUQO[\N4P$ZEPR]�SUbq[ o cB�BNjSUwxN{QePm_�]4QB[xN4P$|4c o |�Pmc�c\PRQe| o _�QeP$[ o [\N4P$Z o [ o c�bqcxPRb�Q o cQTS>t�_�bgfUQW[\N�bd[BS>[sQeN o XjfU]¯Y�PQePm_n[g�"��_ pªo cx[\X4_�bq[\Pyf>���<[\NjSUQ$] o PRQW_ o [ b�]jP T�X�bq[xPyf��¯Py¬³|jfUbgS>_±[xN4P²cxPRQeXjf>[zQoqp [\N4P²`"S~M Q�[\X�]�S>PRQm� � _¯[\NjSUQBZ o ]jPyfñS�[�S�Q�flS>��Pyf>�{[xN�bq[B[\N4PsbqX4[ o Z�bq[eSUwW|�bq[xNn�Bbg��� o XjfU]^� o c\�$ÒeX�Qe[b�QDN�bqcz]´S>_�[\N4P$_�bgS>��P$w o _�]�S>[eS o _ab�QGS>_�[\N4PW|4czb�wy[�S�wyPR]<�DLW_4PRwm] o [zbgf.Pm��S�]jPm_�wyP���N o �OPm��PmcR�qf>Pm_�]4QBQ�X4|4§| o c\["[ o [\NjSUQBZ©PRw\N�bq_jSUQeZ¯�BL�f�[xN o X4t�N{[xN4Pm��N�bR��P$f>PRbqc\_4PR]'bq_¯PRb�QTSlf>�{t�Pm_4Pmczbd[\PR]�c\PRQ�| o _�QeP���NjX4Z�bq_QeX4Y4ÒePRwy[zQ oqp [\Pm_awxN�bq_4t�P°[\N4PyS>c$c\PRQe| o _�QeP²b p [\Pmc$QePm��Pmczb«fi[\ceSUbgfUQ�[ o�o _4P²]jPmPmZEPR]¯Z o cxP»Ñmb�wmwyPm|4[ybqYjf>P Ò4�MONjSUQ�S�_�]�SUwmbq[xPRQB[\N�bd[B[\N4Psw o _j[\c o flf>PR]�|�bd[\Nn�Bbg�3SUQWQe[eSlflf�b�wy[eS>��P��4Pm��Pm_�S>_{[\N4P$|4cyb�wy[eSUwyPR]{w o _�]�S>[eS o _.�

½.A�² � C´H:K{Iñ;5¥x¦¸�Ç�9�ñH2�5©W���R?Â�qH:K�=<7U�m62£'=&���5�«¢.=&�qH7�²=a�ª�� ��qH<KK�m=�?�� I.K4?��d����¢4���>64�±��H<=U�<9�K4?�AMONjSUQGb�wmw o cy]4Qñ�OS>[\Ns[\N4PBw o Z©Z o _²]jPRQxwyceS>|4[eS o _ oqp [\N4P�]�fU`~h } b�Qñbq_Ebqc\PRb�c\PRQe| o _�QTS>Yjf>P pªo c.S>_4NjS>YjS>[eS>_4t[\N4P°|4c\Pm| o [xPm_n[Wc\PRQe| o _�QeP°S>_a�qbqceS o X�Q�[zb�Qe�4Qm�B� o ��Pm��PmcR�jS>[ Q�PmPmZ�QW[\N�bq[B[xNjS�QWZ o ]jPyf~w o XjfU]¯c\X4_�S>_j[ o|4c o Yjf>PmZ�Q �~h o cñS>_�Qe[ybq_�wyP��jN o �®w o Xjf�]©[\N4P"]�fU`Dh } Ñy�n_ o �BÒ�[\N�bq[D[\N4PBbqX4[ o Zbq[eSUwO|�bq[\Nj�Bbg�s] o PRQv_ o [N�bg��Psbq_{bq|4|4c o |4ceSUbq[\P$c\PRQ�| o _�QeP pªo c�[xNjS�Q�|�bqc\[�S�wyXjfUbqc$Qe[eS>Z3Xjf>X�Q�È

Page 44: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E��yH�C�>@D�=�L��²A"¤%DBC�D��JL NMD;¤ }¸�

½.A�½ � C3H<K{=U�»�É���iH2�5©W�µ�R?O�qH:K¯=<7"�m64£a=&�����ª¢8=&�qHC�3=f�G�� ¾�qH<K(�m=�?-�X��H<=U�:9�K³?�AMONjSUQO� o XjfU]Z o [�S��qbq[\P$[\N4PWc o f>P oqp [\N4PWS>_n[\Pmcyw o _4_4PRwy[eS o _�Q�Y�Pm[e�OPmPm_{b }B} bq_�]©[\N4PWS>_�QeXjfUb4��N o �OPm��PmcS>["QeXjØ.PmczQ p c o Z [\N4PsQ\bqZEP$|4c o Yjf>PmZ�Q"b�Q~[xN4Ps|4c\Pm��S o X�QBZ o ]jPyfá�

½.AËÊ � C3H<KªÌU¹B�Í�9�ñH°��©W���R?»�qH:Kª�q64�C���g6:;Ý;>K4I�¢.=&�qH7�²=a�G�� Î�µ��H<=�?3=U��=C¢W¢W�R6U¢��B��=&�mKª�RK4?�¢ñ64�J? K:AMONjSUQ3] o PRQ�_ o [sQeXjØ.Pmc p c o Z�[xN4PE�n_ o �Of>PR]jt�P|4c o Yjf>PmZ oqp [\N4PE|4c\Pm��S o X�Q°[�� o Z o ]jPyf�Q°Y4X4[�S�[E] o PRQQeXjØ.Pmc p c o Z�[\N4P3|4c o Yjf>PmZ oqp V � } b�wy[eS>��S>[��'QTS>Z3SlfUbqc3[ o [\N4P°k�czQe[$Z o ]jPyfá�V�|�PRwxSlk:wmbgflfU���ñS p [\N4P�V � }Z3X�Qe[$|4c o ]jX�wyP�bq_�b�Q\Q o wxS�bd[\P3S>_ o cz]jPmc$[ o ]jPm[\Pmc\Z3S>_4P�BN4Pm[\N4Pmc o c$_ o [$[ o S>_4NjS>YjS�[©[\N4PEw o _n[xc o flf>PR]|�bq[\Nj�Bbg���<S>[3� o Xjf�]/Y�P� o c\��S>_4t{S>_ Y o [xN�[\N4P_�bgS>��P�bq_�]/|4czb�wy[eSUwyPR] w o _�]�S>[eS o _�Qm� � [�SUQ3| o QxQTS>Yjf�P��N o �OPm��PmcR�g[\N�bq[ñ_ o [~b�Q8Z²X�wxNEb�wy[eS>��S�[e��S�Qvc\P T�XjS�cxPR]3�BN4Pm_3[\N4PBbqX4[ o Zbq[eSUwG|�bq[xNn�Bbg�$N�b�Q8_ o b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[\P[ o |4c o ]jX�wyP��M�NnX�Qm��S>[sbq|4|�PRbqczQ�[\N�bq[W[\N4P°k�czQe[sbq_�]¯fUb�Q�[ oqp [\N4PRQ�P o |4[eS o _�QW|4c o ��SU]jPE[xN4PEY�PRQe[$Py¬4|jfUbq_�bq[eS o _�Q

oqp [\N4P o Y�QePmcx��PR]Y�PmN�bg��S o cR�

8¨ª�«%ª5$ Î Ë�Å�ËC@�ËaÃ�ÃTÇ<ÅKϲÅ�Å�Ï.Å{Ù/Ë4Î�Ë�ÍjÎ�ÏáÏ8Èh8S>PmÖ�wîQ3bq_�]�`ñPm[\PmczQ�Pm_%wîQ�îz�g����}&ñ"Qe[xX�]j� oqp [\N4P|�bq[eS>Pm_j[E� } �ES>_�]�SUwmbq[\PRQ©[\N�bq[ o _4P oqp [\N4P|4ceS>Z�bqc\�]jPyk:wxS>[zQ3b�wmw o ZE|�bd_n��S>_4tac�S�t�Nn[3wyPmc\PmY�PyflfUbqc�]4bqZbqt�P3�Bb�Qsbq_ bqY4_ o c\Z�b«f~_nX4Z3Y�Pmc oqp S>_�bq|4|4c o |4ceSUbq[xPc\PRQe| o _�QePRQ¨îá�OS>[\N o X4[´� } �|wîQ$c\PRb«f�S>ÖyS>_4t/S�[eñ"S>_®w o _�Q�[\czbgS>_4PR] b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _.�±MON4Pm��Q�X4t�t�PRQe[3[\N�bq[°[\N4PwyPmc\PmY�Pyf�f>X4Z SUQ�c\PRQe| o _�QTS>Yjf�P p¨o c$Pmc\c o cs]jPm[\PRwy[eS o _.��MONjSUQ$cybgSUQePRQsQ o ZEP3| o [\Pm_j[eSUbgfO|4c o Yjf>PmZ�Qm� � p [\N4PwyPmc\PmY�Pyf�f>X4Z�SUQ.[xc\Xjf>�²bqYjf>P~[ o ]jPm[\PRwy[�S�_4tsb«f�f p¨o c\Z�Q odp Pmc\c o czQ �mS>[ñZ²X�Q�[jÑy�j_ o �@ÒB_ o [ o _jf>�s[\N4POQe[eS>Z3Xjf�X�Qbq_�]3[xN4P�[yb�Qe�sY4X4[~b«f�Q o N�bR��P�b�wmwyPRQ\QG[ o b�fUbqc\t�P�|4c o | o c\[eS o _ oqp Q�PmZ�bq_j[eSUwO�n_ o �Of>PR]jt�P��JóB_E[xN4P o [\N4PmcN�bq_�]<��S p S>[WS�Q o _jf��']jPm[\PRwy[eS>_4t{Pmcxc o czQ�S>_a[xN4PBÈ�[)]�Y oqp [\N4PEb�Q\Q o wxSUbq[\P��.bd_�]{_ o ["Pm_�QeX4c�S�_4t¯[\N�bq[W[\N4Pb�Q\Q o wxSUbq[\P�SUQOc\PyfUbq[\PR]©[ o [\N4PsQe[eS>Z3Xjf>X�Qm��S�[�� o Xjf�] o _jf>�_4PmPR][ o �j_ o �®[\N4P$[zb�Qe�:��[\N4P$b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[\P��4bq_�]N�bg��PsQ o Z©PsbqYjSlf�S>[e��[ o ]jPm[xPmc\Z3S>_4Ps[\N4P$� o cy]�wxf�b�Q\Q oqp [\N4Psb�Q\Q o wxSUbq[\P��

óB_4P| o Q\QTS>Yjf>P�Z o ]jPyfOSUQ°[\N�bq[°[\N4P w o _n[\c o flf�PR]/|�bq[\Nj�Bbg�{SUQ°|�Pmc pªo cxZ3S>_4t p c\PmP�b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _�bq_�]S>[zQ�c\PRQeXjf>[zQBbqcxP$|�b�Q\QePR]^[ o [\N4PswyPmc\PmY�Pyflf�X4Z¯�.�BNjSUwxN�SUQBcxPRQe| o _�Q�S�Yjf>P p¨o c"bq|4|jf>��S�_4t�[xN4Psw o _�Qe[\czb«S�_j[ oqp[\N4PB[yb�Qe�<��M�NjS�QDZ o ]jPyf:� o XjfU]3|4cxPR]�S�wy[O[\N�bd[�bsQ�X4Y4Ò�PRwy[D�OS>[\N�wyPmc\PmY�Pyflf�bdc"]4bqZ�bqt�PB� o XjfU]3PRQ\QePm_j[eSUbgflf>�|�Pmc pªo cxZ p c\PmPBb�QxQ o wxSUbq[�S o _²Pm��Pm_ o _´b$w o _�Qe[\czbgS>_4PR]3b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _3[zb�Qe�:�xóB_3k�czQe[8S>_�Qe|�PRwy[�S o _ oqp � } ��wîQc\PRQe| o _�QePRQm�³S�[$bq|4|�PRbqc\PR]�[xN�bq[ON4PsZ3S>t�Nj[OS>_�]jPmPR]¯Y�P$|�Pmc pªo cxZ3S>_4t Q o ZEPm[\NjS>_4t3flS>��P p c\PmPsb�Q\Q o wxS�bd[eS o _.�� o �OPm��Pmcg� o _ p X4c\[\N4PmcS>_n��PRQe[eS>tnbq[eS o _ S�_j� o f>��S>_4t�[xN4Pa[xPRQe[eS>_4t oqp w o _n[\c o f�Q�X4Y4Ò�PRwy[yQ o _ [\c\X4P p c\PmPb�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _ [zb�Q��³Qm�JS>[´bd|4|�PRbqc\PR]/[\N�bq[3� } �E�Bb�Q�_ o [R�8S>_ p b�wy[R�8c\PRQe| o _�]�S�_4tÆS�_®b¯QTS>Z3SlfUbqc p b�QeNjS o _[ o [\N4PRQ�P´w o _n[\c o fUQm�²��bq[\N4PmcR�8NjS�Q°]jPyk:wxS>[zQsbq|4|�PRbqcsZ3X�wxN'Z o c\PEw o ZE|jf>Py¬.��V�PmPELW|4|�Pm_�]�Sl¬ u­p¨o c$b

Page 45: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E��yH�C�>@D�=�L��²A"¤%DBC�D��JL NMD;¤ }�{

]jPm[zbgSlf>PR]']jPRQ\wyceS>|4[eS o _ oqp [xNjS�Q�Py¬4|�PmceS>ZEPm_j[R�� [$[\N4Pmc\P p¨o c\P�bd|4|�PRbqczQ�[\N�bq[$[\N4PEwyPmc\PmY�Pyflf�X4ZÃZ�bg�{_ o [sQTS>ZE|jf>�±Y�P�b^| o Q�[\|4c o wyPRQ\Q o c p¨o flf o ��S�_4t

b p c\PmPEb�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _±|4N�b�Q�P�� � [$SUQMT�XjS>[\P©| o Q\Q�S�Yjf>P[\N�bq[WS>[WSUQsb�wy[�S���Pyf��¯S>_j� o f>��PR]¯S>_±[\N4Pb�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _|4c o wyPRQ\Qm�~M�N4P p¨o flf o �OS>_4t�bdc\P$�«bqc�S o X�QB| o [\Pm_j[eSUbgfiZ o ]jPyfUQ oqp S>[zQ p X4_�wy[eS o _.�

ÊiA ��� C3H<KÐ�dK>�gK&©ñK³;Ý;¨7W£Ñ�U?W=Á¢ñ6<?/��¢W�R62�qK4?R? 6"�x á6<;U;�6&�_���:9±? 62£'Kl T6"�d£¦67 Ò�q64�J?³���R=C���<K³I¡�36"�qI=�?R? 62���>=&����62�GAÓ¹/�ª�U?/=C©ñ;>K��m6���H<K&���·�qH<=&�±�qH<K®=�?g?m62����=&�mK¶�U?/6C »�qH:K��q6U���gK&�B�+ á6U��£ =U�JI¢ñ6:?g?���©i;µ�X�^H:Ka�qH:K&�O���_�Ý?©=&�E=�;U;¸�RK4;�=&�mK³I��m6M�qH:K±?/����£±7.;¨7.?�AMONjSUQ�Z o ]jPyf.Z�bg�_ o [ p Xjflf>�{Py¬4|jfUbgS>_{[\N4Psw o ZE|jf>Py¬aw\N�bqcyb�wy[\Pmc oqp � } ��wîQDc\PRQe| o _�QePRQm�GL�f>[\N o X4t�N¯[\N4PwyPmc\PmY�Pyf�f>X4Z bq|4|�PRbqczQ°[ o Py¬³|jflSUwxS>[ef>�®|4c o wyPRQ\Q°Pmc\c o cEQTS>t�_�b«f�Q�S>_�Z o [ o cs|�Pmc pªo c\Z�bq_�wyP��G[xN4P ]�SUQ\wyc\Pm[xPp¨o c\Z odp Pmc\c o czQñS>_� o cz]Eb�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _�Q�SUQjT�XjS>[\P$]�S�Ø.Pmc\Pm_j[ p c o Z�[\N4P"w o _j[eS>_jX o X�Q o cGk�_4Pyf>�×T�X�bq_j[eS>ÖmPR]Z o [ o cOPmc\c o cBQTS>t�_�bgfUQm�OMONjX�Qm�4[\NjSUQ�SUQO_ o ["b3��Pmc\� bd|4|4c o |4ceSUbq[\Psbd_�bgf o t����

ÊiA�² � Ì:64£aK�=�IñI��µ���>64�:=�;«�gKn9U�>64�Ô¢W�gK>�qK4IW�9�<9�6"�G T6:;Ý;>6&�O�9�<9Ó�qH:KÕ�qK&�gK>©ñK4;Ý;¨7W£ ¢ñK&�- á6U��£±?K&���g6U�l��H<K>�B�2���<9{=U�.IG�qH<KÁ�qK>�gK&©ñK³;Ý;å7�£Ö�U?3?���£ª¢i;µ�±=ª�gK³;�=f� ?/�m=&����62�±�m6/=C�B�362�±6"�V¢8=�?R?°62����" T6"�d£a=&����62�GA� p Q�X�w\NEbq_3bqc\PRbOPy¬jSUQe[zQm�q�OP~Z3X�Qe[8|4c\PRQeX4ZEPO[\N�bq[JS�[8SUQñ|4c o Y�bqYjf>� o _4P oqp [\N4P o [\N4Pmcñc\PmtqS o _�Qñbq|4|�PRbqc�S�_4to _'[\N4PE`;SDM)Qxwmbq_�Q�S>_±[\N4P3_�bgS>��PEw o _�]�S>[eS o _.�°LBf>[\Pmc\_�bd[\Pyf>���<S>[$Z�bg��Y�PE[xN4P²Y�b�Q\bgfGtnbq_4tqflSUb4�<�BNjSUwxN� o XjfU]�_ o [©N�bR��P{QeN o �B_®X4|*c\Pmtnbqcz]�f>PRQ\Q oqp S>[zQEb�wy[eS>��S>[���� � [3SUQE_ o [ wxf>PRbqcN o ��[\NjSUQEc o f>P oqp [\N4PwyPmc\PmY�Pyf�f>X4Z b�Qsbc\PyfUbg�±Qe[zbq[eS o _ p¨o c$Pmc\c o czQW� o XjfU]'�OPyf�fBQePmc\��P©[\N4PEQe�³Q�[\PmZ{� � [3] o PRQ�_ o [²Q�PmPmZ¦[ oZ�bq��PBPyØ.PRwy[eS>��PBX�QeP odp [xN4P"wyPmc\PmY�Pyflf>X4ZÆwîQ��«b�Qe[D|�bq[\[\Pmcx_Ec\PRw o t�_jS>[eS o _wmbq|�bqYjSlflS�[e��� � [vS�QD| o Q\QTS>Yjf>P$[\N�bq[S p [\N4PWPmc\c o cOQTS>t�_�bgfUQObqc\P"b�wy[\X�bgflf>��|4c o wyPRQ\QePR]w o _j[eS>_nX o X�QTf>� bq_�]©[\N4PBcxPRQeXjf>[zQ p PR]©Y�b�wx�E[\N4c o X4t�NE[\N4Pw o c\[xPy¬J�j[\N�bq[�[\NjSUQBZ o ]jPyfiZ�bg�EY�PsP T�XjS>�«bgf>Pm_j[$[ o [\N4P p¨o flf o ��S�_4t�]jPRQ\wyceS>|4[eS o _.�

ÊiA�½ � C3H<K��qK&�RK&©ñK4;U;å7�£ �Ý?±=U�Õ���C�mKj9"�g=�;3;>=a�<K>�M�9�+=);�6<6"¢ñK4I×�<Kf���36"�B�� T6"�M�q62�.?/���g=C���:K4I�36"�qI =�?R? 62���>=&����62�GAMONjSUQGZ o ]jPyf�Py¬4|jfUbgS>_�QjT�XjS>[\PW_jS�wyPyf>�E[xN4P�Pmcxc o c~]jPm[\PRwy[eS o _]jPyk:wxS�[yQ p¨o X4_�]°S>_�� } ��� � [ñSUQñf>Pm_n[OQeX4|4| o c\[Yj��[\N4P$Py¬jSUQe[\Pm_�wyP oqp |�bq[\Nj�BbR�4Q~w o _4_4PRwy[eS>_4t�[\N4PswyPmc\PmY�Pyflf>X4Z bd_�][\N4Ps]�fU`~h } �

8¨ª�«%ª98 ¬ Ë�Í�­DÇ:È"ÏáÐB1 Ì\Ï.Å 0 ÐqÐqÏGÍmÏáÇ�Î�Ï9Di˪'WË�Ç<Å�È"ÏáÈ#EMON4Pk�_�bgf"w o Z©| o _4Pm_j[E_4PRwyPRQ\Q\bdc\�±S>_�[\N4P�Z o ]jPyfOSUQEb'ZEPRwxN�bq_jSUQeZ p¨o c3[\czb«S�_jS>_4t±[xN4P{b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS>��P|�bq[\Nj�Bbg���OL Q�ZEPm_j[eS o _4PR]¯PRbqceflS>PmcR� o X4cW_4Pm�+Py¬³|�PmceS>ZEPm_n[sQ�X4t�t�PRQe[zQ�[\N�bq[�[\N4P3Z�bqÒ o cOS>_4|4X4[$[ o [\NjSUQ

Page 46: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E��yH�C�>@D�=�L��²A"¤%DBC�D��JL NMD;¤ }��

Qe�4Qe[\PmZ�SUQObWZ o ]4bgflS�[e�j§á]jPm|�Pm_�]jPm_j[Of o t o t�Pm_.��M�N4P o X4[\|4X4[~bq|4|�PRbqczQv[ o Y�P$bWZ o ]4bgflS�[e�j§ÝS>_�]jPm|�Pm_�]jPm_4[QePmZ�bd_n[eSUwWc\Pm|4cxPRQePm_n[ybq[eS o _.�~� } ��w QDS>_�bqYjSlf�S>[e�{[ o f>PRbqc\_{bqX4[ o Z�bq[eSUw$b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[\PRQ�c\Pm��PRbgfUQWb3c o f>P oqp [\N4PwyPmc\PmY�Pyf�f>X4Z�PyS>[\N4PmcDS>_�Qe[ o ceS>_4t o cGX�QTS>_4t3[\N4PRQeP"b�QxQ o wxSUbq[�S o _�Qm�GMONnX�Qv�OPBN�bg��PBbq[Gf>PRb�Qe[D[e� o |jfUbqX�Q�S�Yjf>PZ o ]jPyfUQB�BNjSUwxNabqcxP$_ o [BZ3X4[\X�bgflf>��Py¬µwxf>X�QTS>��P��

Ø A ��� C´H:K��qK>�gK&©ñK³;Ý;å7�£ 9"�µ�:K4?«���g=C�9�2�9�<9+?���92�<=�;U?+�m6·�qH:K�=�?g?m62����=&�����<K�¢.=&�qH7�²=a����H<K7�)=�gK³?-¢ñ62�.?mK+�U?�©ñK&���:9X¢W�g6JIv72�qK³IDAØ A�² � C3H<KÐ�dK>�gK&©ñK³;Ý;¨7W£Ù�gK>�dK>�µ�<K³?¸�qH:K�687"��¢v7U�$6C ��qH<K=�?R?m62����=&���µ�:KÁ¢8=&�qHC�3=a�a=U�.IG�q64�C�<Kf�i?�µ���m6 ?-¢ñKnK&��HI�q64�C�<K>�q?-�>64��=U�.I®687"��¢v7U�_�qK7�C�mK>�q?�AMON4Pmc\Ps] o PRQO_ o [Wbq|4|�PRbqc�[ o Y�P²Q�X¸X wxS>Pm_n[OS>_ p¨o c\Z�bd[eS o _�[ o c\PRw o ZEZ©Pm_�] o _4P oqp [\N4PRQeP$Z o ]jPyfUQ o ��Pmc[\N4P o [\N4PmcR� uDo [\NEc\Pyf>� o _�QeX4Y�Qe[zbd_n[eSUbgf.w o _4_4PRwy[eS o _�QDY�Pm[e�OPmPm_[\N4P"wyPmc\PmY�Pyf�f>X4Z�bq_�]3[\N4P°V � } ���BNjSUwxN[ oEo X4c��j_ o �Of>PR]jt�PsN�bg��P$_ o [B��Pm[BY�PmPm_a]jPmZ o _�Q�[\czbq[\PR]<�

{g��� ���g�#� �Bá¿�)�Z�$�@àgáe�$è��$� ,ú�À\É���$�ü�¡�#� �gß��"�$á

}~o Z3YjS>_jS>_4tE[\N4P$bqY o ��P$w o ZE| o _4Pm_j[zQvS�_{b«f�fñ| o Q\Q�S�Yjf>P°��bg�4QGc\PRQ�Xjf�[yQGS>_±�$ðLð´]�SlØ.Pmc\Pm_j[OZ o ]jPyfUQ odp [\N4PQe�4Qe[\PmZ{�±M�N4P�| o Q\Q�S�YjSlflS>[e� pªo cEQeX4Y4[�f�P��qbqceSUbq[eS o _�Q²S�_�[xN4P�� o c\��S>_4tnQ oqp PRb�w\N�w o ZE| o _4Pm_j[E|4c o wyPRQ\QQeX4t�t�PRQe[B[\N4P°Py¬nSUQe[\Pm_�wyP oqp [\N o X�Qxbq_�]4QBZ o c\P�� } f>PRbqcef>� o X4c p bqZ´S�f>� oqp Z o ]jPyfUQ�S�QWcybq[\N4PmcBX4_�]jPmczw o _4§Qe[\cybgS>_4PR]<� � o �OPm��PmcR�GYj� w o _�QTSU]jPmceS>_4t�[\N4P���S�]jP¯czbq_4t�P odp Pm��SU]jPm_�wyP'|4c\PRQePm_j[\PR]/S>_®[xN4P�|4c\Pm��S o X�QwxN�bq|4[\PmcE�OP�N�bg��Pc\PRb�Q o _�[ o{p bg� o cEwyPmc\[zb«S�_ odp [\N4PRQ�P�Z o ]jPyfUQ o ��Pmc3[\N4P o [\N4PmczQ � u � Py¬µbdZ3S>_jS�_4t[\N4PRQeP p Pm�®Z o ]jPyfUQDS>_ ]jPm|4[\N�bq_�]©Pm�«bgf>X�bq[�S�_4t©[\N4PyS>c�|4c o |�Pmc\[�S�PRQvS>_�QTS>Z²XjfUbq[�S o _�X�QTS>_4t´bdc\[eSlk:wxSUbgf._4PmX4§czbgf�_4Pm[e� o c\�4Qm�q�OPB�OSlflf:Y�P bdYjf�PW[ o QeX4t�t�PRQe[�b�]4]�S�[�S o _�bgf:Py¬4|�PmceS>ZEPm_j[zQD�BNjSUwxN QeN o Xjf�]´f>PRb�]©[ oWp X4cx[\N4Pmcw o _�Qe[xczbgS>_n[yQm�GMON4c\PmPsZ o ]jPyfUQ�N�bR��P$Y�PmPm_aQ�Pyf�PRwy[xPR] p¨o cBPm�«b«f�X�bd[eS o _.�

8¨ªË©¨ª�« ¬ ÏGÉ~Ëaà 0MONjSUQ°Z o ]jPyf~S>_�w o c\| o czbq[\PRQ°w o ZE| o _4Pm_n[yQ�����R4�%R4��Rµ�¨}4�>����ð���}4�ñbq_�]±�4��Rµ��MON4P�b }B} bq[x[\Pm_�]4Q$[ o [\N4PwyX4c\c\Pm_j[s[yb�Qe�{Yj�'ZEPRbq_�Q oqp b�w o _n[�S�_jX o X�Q3b�wy[eS>�qbq[eS o _'f ojo |±S>_j� o f>��S�_4t'[\N4P©Y�b�Q\bgfOtnbq_4tqflSUb4����| o _|4c\PRQePm_j[zbq[�S o _ oqp b3_ o ��PyfJQe[�S�Z3Xjf>X�Qm��bd_S�_4|4X4[�f o t o t�Pm_©SUQO|�b�Q\QePR][ o Y o [\N[\N4P3V � } bq_�]E[xN4PWf�|�M } �MON4POfUbq[x[\Pmc~]jPRw o ]jPRQD[\N4PDf o t o t�Pm_3S>_n[ o b p PRbq[\X4c\Pm§¨Y�b�Q�PR]²w o t�_jS>[eS>��P"cxPm|4c\PRQePm_j[zbq[eS o _3�BNjSUwxNESUQG|�b�Q\QePR][ o [\N4P ]�fU`Dh } �ñMONjSUQ3wmbqX�QePRQ3]�SUQTS>_4NjS�YjS>[eS o _ oqp wyPmc\[ybgS>_ ]�fU`~h } §áQeX4Y<w o c\[eSUwmbgfOf ojo |�Q°�BNjSUw\N/S>_n� o f���PY o [\N'[\N4PsY�b�Qxbgf�tjbq_4tqflSUb�bq_�]¯ceS>t�Nn[$wyPmc\PmY�Pyf�fUbqc°N4PmZ3SUQe|4N4Pmc\P�� � _j[\Pmczb�wy[�S o _{Y�Pm[e�OPmPm_'[\N4PEb }B} bq_�]]�fU`~h } f ojo |�Q°�OS>[\NjS>_�[\N4PY�b�Q\bgfOtnbq_4tqflSUb'wmbqX�QeP o _jf>��wyPmc\[zb«S�_�|�bd[\Nn�Bbg�4Q oqp [\N4PEf ojo | [ o c\PmZ�bgS>_

Page 47: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E��yH�C�>@D�=�L��²A"¤%DBC�D��JL NMD;¤ ðyx

b�wy[eS>��P���[\NjX�QGbq|4|jf>��S>_4t3[\N4P"w o _�Q�[\czbgS>_j[R� � _E[\NjSUQv��bg����bWc\Pm|4cxPRQePm_n[ybq[eS o _ oqp [\N4P"w o _j[\c o f�f>PR]3cxPRQe| o _�Q�PPm��Pm_j[\X�bgflf>�{bqceSUQePRQ�S>_{[\N4PswyPmc\PmY�Pyflf�X4Z¯�� PRbq_j�BNjSlf>P��<[\N4PV � } N�b�Q�c\PRwyPyS>��PR]±bd_{Pm_�w o ]�S�_4t oqp [\N4PEQe[eS>Z3Xjf>X�Q p c o Z»[xN4Psf o �OPmc\§Ýf>Pm��Pyfñf�bd_4§

t�X�bqt�PE|�PmczwyPm|4[�S o _ Qe�4Qe[\PmZ bq_�]±bq_/Pm_�w o ]�S>_4t oqp [\N4P©[zb�Qe� p c o Z¦[\N4P�b }B} � � p S>[3N�b�QsbcxPRQe| o _�Q�PQe[ o c\PR] p¨o cD[\N4P$tqS>��Pm_©S�_4|4X4[W��PRwy[ o cR��[\NjSUQOb�Q\Q o wxSUbq[\P$��S�flf.Y�P$|4c o ]jX�wyPR] S�_{b p PmPR]j§ pªo c\�Bbqcz]3Z�bd_4_4PmcR�óB[\N4Pmc\��S�Q�Ps[\N4P$_4Pm[e� o c\�E��S�flfi_ o [Bt�Pm_4Pmczbq[xP bq_{bdY o ��Pm§¨[\N4c\PRQ�N o fU]c\PRQe| o _�QeP��~LW_j��c\PRQ�| o _�QePsQ�S�t�_�bgfSUQOw o _n��Pm��PR]E[ o [\N4P$wyPmc\PmY�Pyflf>X4Z��BNjSUwxNESUQOc\PRQ�| o _�QTS>Yjf>P p¨o cDZEPR]�SUbq[eS>_4tEY�Pm[e�OPmPm_[\N4P"[e� o |�bq[\Nj�Bbg�³Q�OS>[\N'b$k�cyQe[\§áw o ZEP��³k�czQe[\§áQePmcx��PR]c\Xjf>Psc\Pmt�Xjf�bd[eS>_4t�[\N4P$Xjf>[eS>Z�bd[\P o X4[x|4X4[ oqp [\N4PsQe�4Qe[\PmZ{�h8S>_�bgflf>���OS p b�Q\bd[eSUQ p b�wy[ o c\� c\PRQe| o _�QeP�SUQ|4c o ]jX�wyPR]<�BPyS>[\N4Pmc�[xN4PawyPmc\PmY�Pyf�f>X4Z o cE| o Q\QTS>Yjf>��[\N4P

Y�b�Q\b«fitnbq_4tqflSUb|4c o ��S�]jPRQ�[\N4PV � } �OS>[\N±bEw o t�_jS�[�S���P²Pm_�w o ]�S>_4t oqp [xNjS�Q�c\PRQe| o _�QeP3�BNjSUwxN{SUQ�X�QePR]^S>_c\PyS>_ p¨o czwxS>_4t�[xN4P²b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _�Y�Pm[e��PmPm_¯[zb�Qe�bq_�]�Qe[eS>Z3Xjf>X�Q$bq_�][\N�bq[Oc\PRQe| o _�QeP��

8¨ªË©¨ª�© ¬ ÏGÉ~ËaÃWÊMONjSUQ�Z o ]jPyf°S�_�w o c\| o cybq[\PRQ{w o ZE| o _4Pm_j[zQ/����R4�@R4��R4�M}4�wð��Eð���}µ�"bq_�] �µ�>�����Bbq[xN4Pmc{[\N�bq_�[\N4P/[�� o|�bq[\Nj�Bbg�³QWY�PyS�_4t/ZEPR]�SUbq[\PR]/Yn�±Z©PRbq_�Q oqp b¯czb�wyP��ñ[\NjSUQ°Z o ]jPyf�QeX4t�t�PRQe[zQ�[\N�bq[s[xN4P�V � } |4c o ��S�]jPRQPy¬4|jf�SUwxS>[3S>_4NjS>YjS>[ o c\��Q�S�t�_�bgfUQ$[ o [\N4Pw o _n[xc o flf>PR]'|�bq[\Nj�BbR�S p S>[sN�b�QW|4c o ]jX�wyPR] b�Qe[\c o _4t�c\PRQe| o _�QeP��MON4P3QTS>[\P oqp S>_4NjS�YjS>[eS o _�w o XjfU]¯Y�PEbq[$bq_j� oqp [xN4P´w o ZE| o _4Pm_j[zQ oqp [\N4P3]�f�`Dh } wxS>czwyXjS>[sY4X4[�S>[$Z o Qe[flS>��Pyf>� o wmwyX4czQ$��S�[xNjS�_ PyS>[\N4Pmc3[\N4PEY�b�Qxbgf~tnbq_4tqflSUb o c$[\N4PE[xN�bgfUbqZ3X�Qm�.tqS>��Pm_ [\N4P�wxf o Q�PEc\PyfUbq[eS o _�QeNjS>|Y�Pm[e�OPmPm_{[xN4PWS�_�Q�Xjf�bbq_�]^[\N4PRQePsQeX4Y<w o c\[eSUwmbgf~Qe[\c\X�wy[xX4c\PRQm�M�N4P�Py¬jSUQe[\Pm_�wyP odp [\NjSUQ�S�_4NjS>YjS>[eS o _ _4PRwyPRQxQTS>[zbq[\PRQ°[\N�bq[3[\N4P{wyPmcxPmY�Pyflf>X4Z w o XjfU]%_ o [EQTS>ZE|jf>��Y�P

c\PRQe| o _�QTS>Yjf>P p¨o cWc\PRwyPyS>��S>_4t¯[\N4P o X4[\|4X4[ oqp [\N4PEbqX4[ o Zbq[eSUw$|�bq[xNn�Bbg��� � p [\NjSUQW�OPmc\P3[\N4PEwmb�QeP��<� } �|4c o Y�bdYjf���� o XjfU]¯N�bg��PsQe[ o |4|�PR]�cxPRQe| o _�]�S>_4t{bq[$bgflf o _�wyP3N4P°N�b�]f>PRbqc\_4PR]'bq_{bdX4[ o Z�bq[�S�w°b�Q\Q o wxSUbq§[eS o _.�~M�NjS�QDY�PmN�bR��S o cO�Bb�QG_ o [ o Y�QePmc\��PR]<�nN o �OPm��PmcR�GMONjX�Qm����PW| o Qe[\XjfUbq[\PW[\N�bq[R�dS>_�[\NjSUQDZ o ]jPyfá�4[\N4PwyPmc\PmY�Pyf�f>X4Z Z²X�Q�[�Y�Psc\PRQ�| o _�QTS>Yjf>P pªo c"w o _j��Pm��S>_4t[\czbgS>_jS>_4t�QTS>t�_�b«f�Q�[ o [xN4P3V � } �

8¨ªË©¨ªWÍ ¬ ÏGÉ~Ëaà ÎMONjSUQOZ o ]jPyf.S>_�w o c\| o czbq[xPRQ�w o ZE| o _4Pm_j[zQ$����R4�yRµ��R4�m}4�>���Lð��>���4bq_�]�4�>��� � ["]�SlØ.PmczQ p c o Z�[\N4PW|4c\Pm��S o X�Q[e� o S>_ [\N�bq[[\N4P±wyPmc\PmY�Pyflf>X4Z SUQ[\c\PRbq[\PR]*b�Q�b/| o Qe[x§¨|4c o wyPRQxQ o cR� � [SUQ_ o [�|�bdc\[ odp [\N4P±b�wy[\X�bgf� o cz]3t�Pm_4Pmczbq[eS o _�wxS>czwyXjS>["�BNjSUwxNES>_j� o f>��PRQO[xN4P ]�fU`~h } bq_�]©[\N4P b }B} îá��S�[xNES>_4|4X4[ p c o Z�[\N4P b }B} ñz��Bbq[xN4PmcR�ñ[\N4P�wyPmc\PmY�Pyf�f>X4ZÀcxPRwyPyS���PRQs[xN4P o X4[\|4X4[ oqp [\NjSUQs|4c o wyPRQ\Q°bgf o _4t{��S�[xN bq_/Pm_�w o ]�S>_4t oqp [\N4PQe[eS>Z3Xjf>X�Q$bq_�]¯[\N4Ps[yb�Qe�<� � [W[\N4Pm_±wxN4PRw\�4QW[ o QePmP°S p [xN4P²b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[\PEbq_�]¯Qe[eS>Z3Xjf>X�QWN�bR��Ps[\N4P3|4c o |�Pmcc\PyfUbq[eS o _�Q�NjS�|.� � p _ o [R��[xN4P wyPmc\PmY�Pyflf�X4Z�QePm_�]4QObq_EPmcxc o c�Q�S�t�_�bgf:[ o [\N4P$]�f�`Dh } �BNjSUwxN�cxPyS�_jS>[eSUbq[xPRQO[\N4P

Page 48: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E��yH�C�>@D�=�L��²A"¤%DBC�D��JL NMD;¤ ð��

t�Pm_4Pmczbd[eS o _{|4c o wyPRQ\Qm�$��_jflS���PKÚ�[�À�³ ¯4ÛB��[\N4P°[e� o |�bq[\Nj��bg�4QOczb�wyP°[ o |4c o ]jX�wyPEbq_ o X4[\|4X4[R�W�B_jflS>��PÚ�[�À�³ ¯UÜ°��[\N4PEwyPmc\PmY�Pyflf�X4Z N4Pmc\P3|4c o ��SU]jPRQW[\czb«S�_jS>_4t'QTS>t�_�bgfUQW[ o [\N4PEbqX4[ o Z�bq[eSUw$|�bd[\Nn�Bbg��BN4Pm_'S>[N�b�QOcxPRwyPyS���PR]{bq_'b�wmwyPm|4[zbqYjf>PscxPRQe| o _�Q�P��� [BSUQ�N o |�PR]¯[\N�bd[B[\N4PRQeP°[\N4c\PmP$S>_jS>[eSUbgf~Z o ]jPyfUQ$QeX¸X wxS>Pm_j[ef>�aQe|�bq_¯[\N4P²Q�|�b�wyP oqp | o Q\QTS>Yjf>PEZEPRwxN4§

bq_jSUQeZ�Q �EV�[\X�]j��S>_4t{[\N4PyS>c$|4c o |�Pmc\[eS>PRQ S�_ bE� o c\��S>_4t{Qe�4Qe[\PmZ¦QeN o XjfU]'|4c o ��SU]jPEb_nX4Z3Y�Pmc odp X�QeP p XjfS>_�QTS>t�Nj[zQsbq_�]¯|4c\PR]�SUwy[eS o _�Q �EMON4PRQeP3c\PRQeXjf>[zQ��OSlf�f�Q�X4t�t�PRQe[s]jPRQTS>t�_�Q pªo c p c\XjS>[ p Xjf~Py¬³|�PmceS>ZEPm_n[yQ$�BNjSUwxN�OSlflfiS>_¯[\X4c\_f>PRb�]�[ o PyflS�Z´S�_�bd[eS o _ oqp�o c~S>ZE|4c o ��PmZEPm_n[yQO[ o [\N4P$Z o ]jPyfUQm�

Page 49: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

à áãâ·ä½åÂæ�ç Ý

r ëBÁ ê ¼O¤»¢�ëB· ¿ ¤ ¹2¾ ½»¼

L�f�[xN o X4t�N'S>[$SUQ S�_j�«b«f�X�bdYjf�P�[ o bq|4|4c o b�wxN±Z o ]jPyflflS�_4t'|4c o Yjf�PmZQ²Q�X�w\N�b�QW[\N4PRQeP p c o Z¦b�w o Z©|4X4[zbq§[eS o _�bgf~Qe[zbd_�]j| o S>_j[R�.b�Q���b�Q"bq[x[\PmZE|4[\PR] S�_/[\NjSUQ$Qe[\X�]j���<QTS>ZE|jf>�Æ]jPRQ�S�t�_jS�_4t¯[\N4P3Z o ]jPyf�wmbqc\P p Xjf�f>�^S�Q_ o [3QeX¸X wxS>Pm_n[g�{�Of>[eS>Z�bd[\Pyf>���GS>[$SUQ°_4PRwyPRQ\Q\bdc\�±[ o w o _�Qe[\c\X�wy[3b�� o c\��S>_4taQTS>Z3XjfUbq[eS o _ [ o b«f�f o ��PmZE§|jS>ceSUwmbgf"Pm�qbgf>X�bq[eS o _ odp [\N4P{Qe�4Qe[\PmZ{�/LBf>[\N o X4t�N S>[E�OSlflf bq[EQ o ZEP| o S�_j[EY�P�|4c\X�]jPm_n[©[ o QTS>Z²XjfUbq[xPPRb�wxN oqp [xN4Ps[\N4c\PmP3Z o ]jPyfUQW|4c o | o QePR]S>_'[\N4P3|4c\Pm��S o X�Q"wxN�bq|4[\Pmcg�:bgf o _4t���S�[xNabq_j���«bqc�S�bd[eS o _�QW[\N�bq[_4Pm� Pm��SU]jPm_�wyP²ZbR��QeX4t�t�PRQe[R� pªo c�[xN4Ps|4X4c\| o QeP oqp [\NjSUQ"Q�[\X�]j� o _jf�� o _4P$Z o ]jPyfñ�OSlf�fGY�PsQ�S�Z3XjfUbq[\PR]<�MONjSUQvSUQB]jX4P"[ o [\N4P p b�wy[�[xN�bq[�b�]jP T�X�bq[\P$w o ZE|4X4[xPmc�QTS>Z3XjfUbq[eS o _ oqp b�_4PmX4czbgfiQe�4Qe[\PmZ{��Pm��Pm_©S�_�t�c o Q\QwmbqceSUwmbq[xX4c\P��4SUQWb3|�bgS>_�Qe[zbd��S>_4t�|4c o wyPRQ\Qm�OL$QB|4c o Yjf>PmZ�Q"bdceSUQeP��:w o X4_n[ef>PRQ\QW]jPRQTS>t�_±]jPRwxSUQTS o _�QWZ3X�Qe[BY�PPm_�b�wy[\PR]'bq_�]¯b�Q\QePRQxQePR]<� ì Pm��Pmcx[\N4Pyf>PRQ\Qm��S>[WSUQW[\N4PRQePs��Pmc\��|4c o Yjf>PmZ�QW�BNjSUwxN�bgflf o � o _4P3[ o k�_�]¯_4Pm�S>_�QTS>t�Nj[WS�_j[ o [\N4P²Q��³Qe[xPmZÂbq_�] pªo czwyP o _4P3[ o c\PmPm�«bgf>X�bq[xP²[xN4PsZ o ]jPyfá�.bq_�]�[\NjSUQ�SUQW�BN�bq[�Z�bq��PRQ�[\N4P|4c o wyPRQ\QO� o c\[xNn�BNjSlf>P��

}g�.� � �;áe�$ÞiÝt�B�²�É�g�#� �3ß��;�MON4P$Z o ]jPyfiX4| o _{�BNjSUwxN{[\NjSUQBQ�S�Z3XjfUbq[eS o _^SUQBY�b�Q�PR]©S�QWb�wy[\X�b«f�f>�{b3Nj�jY4ceSU] oqp [e� o3oqp [\N4P°|4c o | o QePR]Z o ]jPyfUQm�LBf>[\N o X4t�N�[\N4P]jPRQ\wyceS>|4[eS o _�Q oqp [\N4P3k�czQ�[$[\N4c\PmPEZ o ]jPyfUQ�S�_ [\N4PE|4cxPm��S o X�Q3wxN�bq|4[\Pmc$N�bg��PY�PmPm_ f>P p [²b�Q°[\N4Pm�'�OPmc\P o ceS>tqS>_�bgflf��®w o _�wyPyS���PR]<�G[\N4P�b�wy[ oqp ]jPRQTS>t�_jS>_4t±[xN4P�QTS>Z3Xjf�bd[eS o _ f>PR]±[ o bq_S>_n[xPmc\PRQe[eS>_4tab«f�[xPmc\_�bq[eS>��PEbq|4|4c o b�w\N.�8�BNjSUw\N QePmPmZ�QW[ o w o Z3YjS>_4P�wxN�bqczb�wy[xPmceSUQe[eSUwmQ oqp Y o [\NGÚ²[ À�³�¯"Übq_�]MÚ²[ À�³�¯WÛB� � _±[\NjSUQ�_4Pm�-Z o ]jPyfá�i[xN4P´w o _n[\c o flf�PR] bq_�]'bqX4[ o Z�bq[eSUw°|�bq[\Nj�BbR�4QWbqc\PE_ o [$Pm_j[eS>c\Pyf>�QePm|�bqcybq[\P��EMON4P�w o _n[\c o flf�PR]/|�bq[\Nj�Bbg�{w o _n[�S�_jX4PRQ$[ o�o |�Pmczbd[\P3S>_ b©f ojo |±�BNjSUwxN�Pm��Pm_n[\X�b«f�f>��Q�Pm[\[ef>PRQS>_n[ o Q o ZEP3c\PRQe| o _�QeP��EMON4PEbqX4[ o Z�bq[eSUw°|�bq[\Nj�Bbg����N o �OPm��PmcR� p PmPR]4Q3¾W¶e\�[3[\NjSUQsw o _j[\c o fif ojo |�bq_�]<��S p[\N4P3Qe[eS>Z3Xjf�X�Q�SUQ p bdZ3Slf�SUbqcg� pªo cywyPRQDS>[$[ o QePm[\[�f�P�T�XjSUwx��f>�^S�_j[ o [\N4P²Q�[\Pmc\P o [e�j|�PR]{w o _jk�t�X4czbq[eS o _.�BM�NjS�Q

ðyR

Page 50: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E Þ�Hù �In�ùO7¤%?�C7I�K¦¥ ?��JL NMD;¤ ðy}

Cerebellum

TASK

INPUT LOGOGEN

ACC SICdlPFC

lpTC

RESPONSE OUTPUT

Basal Ganglia

h8S>t�X4c\Ps�4�~h8f o �)]�SUbqt�cybqZ oqp [xN4P²QTS>Z3XjfUbq[\PR]�Z o ]jPyfá�

Z o ]jPyf.SUQ o X4[eflS�_4PR]^S>_ah8S>t�X4cxPs�4�M�N4PES>_4|4X4[zQ3[ o [xN4P�Z o ]jPyf bqcxP Q o ZEP�Pm_�w o ]�S>_4t odp [xN4P�[zb�Qe�'[ o Y�P�|�Pmc p¨o c\ZEPR]<�~b«f o _4t±�OS>[\N

bq_%S�_4|4X4[x§¨Z o ]4b«f�S>[e� ]jPm|�Pm_�]jPm_j[�c\Pm|4c\PRQePm_j[zbq[�S o _ oqp [\N4P'Qe[eS>Z3Xjf>X�Qm��V�X�w\N*c\Pm|4c\PRQePm_j[zbq[eS o _�Q©N�bg��PY�PmPm_{]�SUQ\wyX�QxQePR]S>_'V�PRwy[eS o _Æ}4��}4�.L�f>[\N o X4t�N�[\N4PRQ�P"� o XjfU]�b�wy[\X�b«f�f>�Y�P$Y�b�Q�PR] o _[\N4P o c\[\N o t�czbq|4NjSUwo c3|4N o _4Pm[eSUw^|4c o |�Pmcx[eS>PRQ oqp [\N4P{Qe[eS>Z3Xjf>X�Qm�O[\N4P{QTS>Z3XjfUbq[eS o _®�Bb�Q°|�Pmc pªo c\ZEPR] X�QTS>_4t�bq_®bqc\YjS>[\czbdc\�Pm_�w o ]�S�_4t©�OS>[\N o X4[BQe|�PRwxSlk:w�c\Pyf>Pm�«bq_�wyP$[ o bqX�]�S>[ o c\� o c~��SUQeX�bgf.|4c o |�Pmc\[eS>PRQm�GL�flf8Q�[eS>Z²XjflS.�OPmc\PW_ o X4_�Qbq_�]%[\N4P{_4Pm[e� o c\�±�Bb�Q´[\czbgS>_4PR] o _®[e� o [yb�Qe�4Qm�½¼)³�] ®Eb�QxQ o wxSUbq[�S o _�bq_�] ´�µ)]�\ í b�QxQ o wxSUbq[�S o _.� h o cQTS>ZE|jflSUwxS>[����v[\N4P3[zb�Qe���Bb�Q�Pm_�w o ]jPR] b�QWb�QTS>_4tqf>PEYjS>[R�3� o �-w o ZE|jf>Py¬±[zb�Q��³QWbqc\PEb�wy[\X�b«f�f>�'Pm_�w o ]jPR]S>_�[\N4P'Y4czbgS>_*S�Q�b/��Pmc\��]�S�X wyXjf>[�T�X4PRQe[eS o _ bq_�] o _4P{��NjS�wxN �OSlflfs_ o [Y�P±b�]4]jc\PRQxQePR]�bq[Ef>Pm_4t�[xNN4Pmc\P�� o [\N4Pmcs[\N�bd_±[ o Q�X4t�t�PRQe[°[\N�bq[²bd[\[\Pm_j[eS o _±[ o [\N4P�[yb�Qe�¯SUQsZbgS>_n[zb«S�_4PR] Yj�±b�wy[eS>�«bd[eS o _ oqp [\N4Pbq_j[\PmceS o cBwxS>_4t�XjfUbq[\PEw o c\[xPy¬¹î�b }B} ñz��| o Q\QTS>Yjf>��S>_{b°f ojo |S>_n� o f���S>_4t�[\N4P$Y�b�Q\b«fJtjbq_4tqflSUbEb�QO]�SUQ\wyX�Q\QePR]S>_±V�PRwy[eS o _ ð��>����}4�M�NnX�Qm�qbgf>[\N o X4t�Ns[\N4PBwxS>_4t�XjfUbq[\PDSUQñ|4ceS>Z�bqceSlf>�scxPRQe| o _�Q�S�Yjf>P pªo cibq[\[\Pm_�]�S>_4t$[ o [\N4P~[zb�Qe�s]jX4ceS>_4t$[\N4P

bq_j[eSUwxS>|�bq[ o c\�W|�Pmc�S o ]°Y�Pm[e�OPmPm_²Qe[�S�Z3XjflSá�q[\NjSUQiQ�S�Z3XjfUbq[eS o _°[zbq��PRQ<bOZ3X�wxN²QTS>ZE|jflSlk�PR]Ebq|4|4c o b�wxNWS�_°[\N�bq[[\N4P3_4Pm[e� o c\�©S�QW_ o [ b�wy[�S���PsS>_'[\N4PEbq_j[eSUwxS>|�bq[ o c\��|�PmceS o ]<�°MON4Pmc\P p¨o c\P���[\N4P3[zb�Qe�SUQWZ�bgS>_j[zbgS>_4PR]¯Yn�ôRß ���6���üÖ:ú$ÿ`ûgö¡�$����� ��������2��jÉ�.�%���+)�6��� `)�.���6��&�"�$!m&�� �"�&'���;�,��� �<

Page 51: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E Þ�Hù �In�ùO7¤%?�C7I�K¦¥ ?��JL NMD;¤ ð0ð

QTS>ZE|jf>�²b«f�f o �OS>_4t$[\N4PD[zb�Qe�WYjS>[i[ o c\PmZ�bgS>_$S>_°f o _4t�§¨[\PmcxZ Qe[ o czbqt�P��<L�Z o c\P~Q o |4NjSUQe[�S�wmbd[\PR]3QTS>Z²XjfUbq[�S o _QeN o XjfU]°c\PmZ�b«S�_3b�wy[eS>��P~w o _j[eS>_jX o X�QTf>�²bq_�]�� o XjfU]$[\NjX�Q<Y�P pªo czwyPR]$[ o Z o ]jPyfj[\N4P�bq_j[eSUwxS>|�bq[ o cx�$|�PmceS o ]b�Q��OPyf�fá� � _'[\NjSUQ$wmb�Q�P���[\N4P°|4c\PRQePm_j[zbq[eS o _ oqp � o cy]4QO� o XjfU]{[xNnX�Q�N�bg��Ps[ o Y�PE] o _4P�S>_úÑyc\PRbgfñ[eS>ZEP Òc\PyfUbq[eS>��P©[ o [xN4P²_4Pm[e� o c\�<�$MONjSUQ$� o XjfU] pªo czwyP3X�QW[ o Y�P3Z o cxP´wyc�S�[�S�wmb«fGS�_ o X4cs]jPRQTS>t�_ oqp [\N4PEb }B}bq_�]Z�bg�Pm��Pm_�c\Pm|4c\PRQ�Pm_n[$bq_�X4_4|4c\PRwyPR]jPm_j[\PR] p PRbd[~S>_¯[\Pmc\Z�Q odp bqcx[eSlk:wxS�b«fi_4PmX4czbgfi_4Pm[e� o c\�4Qm�� _{[\N4P3Z o ]jPyf�wîQ$w o _j[\c o flf>PR]¯|�bq[\Nj�BbR���µ[\N4P$f>P p [$| o Qe[xPmceS o c"[xPmZE| o cybgf�w o c\[xPy¬¡î¨f>|�M } ñO[zbq��PRQ�[\N4P

S>_4|4X4[OPm_�w o ]�S>_4t oqp [xN4PB� o cz]3bq_�]°|4c o ]jX�wyPRQ�b�Q o X4[\|4X4[�b$Q�PmZ�bq_j[eSUwOc\Pm|4c\PRQePm_j[zbq[�S o _.�q[\N4P"Qe[\cxX�wy[\X4c\Poqp �BNjSUw\N°�OSlflf³Y�P�]�SUQ\wyX�Q\QePR]�S>_s[xN4P~_4Py¬4[iQePRwy[eS o _.�GMON4Pvf�P p [i] o cyQ o fUbq[\Pmczb«fn|4c\P p c o _j[zbgfnw o c\[\Py¬�î�]�fU`~h } ñ[zbq��PRQñ[\NjSUQGQePmZ�bq_j[eSUwOPm_�w o ]�S�_4tEb�Q8S>_4|4X4[Obq_�]3Qe[ o c\PRQ8S>[vS�_QeN o c\[\§¨[xPmc\Z)Z©PmZ o c\��� p PmPR]�S>_4tsS>[zQ o X4[\|4X4[[ o [\N4P3Y�b�Q\bgfñtnbq_4tqflSUb4� ò S>[\NjS>_'[\N4P3Y�b�Q\bgfGtnbq_4tqflSUb4��[\N4PEQTS>t�_�bgfUQ p c o Z#[\N4PEb }B} c\Pm|4c\PRQePm_j[eS>_4t�[\N4P[zb�Q��sbq_�]°[\N o QeP p c o Z)[\N4PB]�fU`~h } c\Pm|4c\PRQ�Pm_n[eS>_4t$[\N4PBQe[�S�Z3Xjf>X�Q~bdc\P�w o _qÒ o S>_4PR]Ebq_�]°[\N4P o X4[x|4X4[.SUQ p PR][ o [\N4P wyPmcxPmY�Pyflf>X4Z{� � [DSUQO��Pmc\�°flS>��Pyf>��[\N�bq[D[\N4P wxS>czwyXjS>[zQ oqp [\N4PWY4czbgS>_S>_n� o f>��P b�]4]�S�[�S o _�bgf p PmPR]jY�b�w\�p c o Z [\N4P'Y�b�Q\b«fstnbq_4tqflSUb�[ o [\N4P�]�fU`Dh } �OY4X4[¯[\N�bq[|�bq[\Nj�BbR��N�b�Q�_ o [�Y�PmPm_�S>_�wxf�X�]jPR]­S>_�[\NjSUQZ o ]jPyfá�{MON4P�wyPmc\PmY�Pyflf�X4Z c\PRwyPyS>��PRQ°[\N4P Q�S�t�_�bgf p c o Z�[\N4P©Y�b�Q\bgfOtnbq_4tqflSUb{bq_�]Æ|4c o ��SU]jPRQ p PmPR]jY�b�w\�<�[\NjX�Q�w o _�Qe[eS>[\X4[eS>_4t�[\N4P¯|4ceS>Z�bqc\� f ojo | oqp [\N4Paw o _n[\c o flf�PR]*|�bq[xNn�Bbg��� ò N4Pm_®tqS>��Pm_ bq|4|4c o |4ceSUbq[\PQe[eS>Z3XjflSá�O[\N4PEf ojo |��OSlflf t�czb�]jX�bgflf>� Q�Pm[\[ef>PS>_n[ o bq_®bd[\[\czb�wy[ o csQe[zbq[xPES>_��BNjSUwxN®[\N4P o X4[\|4X4[ odp [\N4PY�b�Q\b«f�tnbq_4tdf�SUb^SUQEb'QePmZ�bq_j[eSUw©c\Pm|4c\PRQePm_j[zbq[eS o _ oqp [\N4Pc\PRQe| o _�QeP��±MONjSUQ°c\PRQe| o _�QeP�� o XjfU]±[xN4Pm_�Y�P]�S>c\PRwy[\PR]©[ o [\N4P"bq|4|4c o |4ceSUbq[\P o X4[\|4X4[DZEPRw\N�bd_jS�Q�Z�Qm����NjS�wxNEN�bg��PO_ o [GY�PmPm_ES>_�wxf>X�]jPR]©S>_E[\N4POZ o ]jPyfå�o [\N4Pmc�[\N�bq_S>_ab3_ o _4§áw o _4_4PRwy[eS o _jSUQe[ p¨o c\Z{�M�N4PÆQ���f>��S�bd_ S>_�QeXjfUbqc±w o c\[xPy¬Ùî\V � } ñESUQ�[xN4Pa|4c�S�Zbqc\� w o ZE| o _4Pm_n[ oqp [xN4P�bqX4[ o Zbq[eSUw¯|�bq[\N4§

�Bbg���EL$QsQeX4t�t�PRQe[\PR]¯Yn�'[\N4P©Py¬³|�PmceS>ZEPm_n[yQs|4cxPRQePm_n[xPR]'S>_ L"|4|�Pm_�]�S�¬®r3�<S>[°c\PRwyPyS>��PRQ3b�QWS>_4|4X4[3[\N4PZ o ]4bgflS>[��j§á]jPm|�Pm_�]jPm_j[EPm_�w o ]�S>_4t oqp [\N4P�Qe[eS>Z3Xjf>X�Qm�"¶¡[�\ñ[\N4P3Z o ]4bgflS>[e�n§ÝS>_�]jPm|�Pm_�]µPm_n[QePmZ�bq_j[eSUw°Pm_4§w o ]�S�_4t�|4c o ]jX�wyPR]¯Yj��[\N4P$f>|�M } � � [$bgfUQ o c\PRwyPyS>��PRQWQTS>t�_�bgfUQ p c o Z�[\N4P3b }B} c\Pm|4c\PRQePm_j[eS>_4t�[xN4Ps[zb�Q��:�MON4P o X4[\|4X4[ oqp [xN4PsV � } SUQDS>_�[\N4P$Q\bqZ©P p¨o c\Z�bd[~b�QD[\N�bq[ odp [\N4P$wyPmc\PmY�Pyflf>X4Z¦bq_�]©ZEPmc\t�PRQv�OS>[\N�[\N4PfUbq[\[\Pmc�S>_�S>_4_4Pmc\�qbq[eS>_4t{[\N4P°Y�b�Q\bgfñtnbq_4tqflSUb4�BMONjSUQ o X4[\|4X4[�S�QW[xN4Pmc\P pªo c\P$_ o [W_4PRwyPRQ\Q\bqceSlf>�abd_{Py¬4|jf�SUwxS>[� o cz]c\Pm|4cxPRQePm_n[ybq[eS o _.� ò N4Pm_{[xN4Psw o _n[xc o flf>PR]{|�bd[\Nn�Bbg�EN�b�Q�QePm[\[ef>PR]S>_j[ o b3cxPRQe| o _�Q�P���[\N4P o X4[\|4X4[oqp [\N4P"wyPmc\PmY�Pyf�f>X4Z»Q�Pmc\��PRQGb�QGbW[\cybgS>_jS�_4t3QTS>t�_�bgf pªo cG[xN4P"V � } � ò N4Pm_E[xN4P"V � } N�b�Qv|4c o |�Pmcef>�sf>PRbqcx_4PR][\N4P$b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _ p c o Z+[\N4P$Qe[eS>Z3Xjf�X�QObq_�]©[\N4PW[zb�Qe�3[ o [xNjS�Q o X4[x|4X4[R��S�[O�OSlflf pªo czwyPB[\N4P�f ono |[ o QePm[\[ef>PT�XjS�wx��f��^S>_n[ o [\N4P$|4c\Pm��S o X�QTf>�{tqS>��Pm_�c\PRQ�| o _�QeP��

Page 52: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E Þ�Hù �In�ùO7¤%?�C7I�K¦¥ ?��JL NMD;¤ ðn�

}g��� � �@�eß (��#�¦�e�"á¡��Ý��¡� �e�$�iÝiáóB_4P oqp [\N4PsZ o Qe[OS>ZE| o c\[zbq_j["]jPRwxSUQTS o _�QWS>_']jPRQTS>t�_jS>_4t�[\N4P²QTS>Z3XjfUbq[eS o _¯SUQBN o ��� o cz]4QO�OSlflfGY�P3c\Pm|4§c\PRQePm_j[\PR]Yj�E[\N4PsQe�4Qe[\PmZ¯��rWPRQ�|jS�[xPsQTS>t�_jSlk:wmbq_n[$b�]j�qbq_�wyPRQDS>_flS�_4t�XjS�Q�[eSUwmQ o ��Pmc�[xN4P$|�b�Qe[Dk p [e�E��PRbqczQm�o X4cBX4_�]jPmcyQe[zbq_�]�S>_4t oqp N o � � o cz]4QObqc\PWZ�bq_jS>|4XjfUbq[\PR]¯Yj�E[\N4P$Y4czb«S�_¯c\PmZ�bgS>_�QDfUbqcxt�Pyf>�{Qe|�PRwyXjfUbq[eS>��P��� [�S�QWQeX4t�t�PRQe[\PR]©[\N�bq["w o Z©|4X4[\Pmc\§ábgSU]jPR]�Z o ]jPyflflS>_4t{Qe|�PRwxSlk:wmbgflf>� pªo wyX�QTS>_4t o _�[\NjSUQ�T�X4PRQ�[eS o _{�OSlflfiY�Pb�wyc\X�wxSUbgf�Qe[xPm|'S>_'S>[zQWPm��Pm_j[\X�bgf~c\PRQ o f�X4[�S o _.�²h o c$[\N4P3|4X4c\| o QePRQ oqp [\NjSUQ$QTS>Z3Xjf�bd[eS o _.�ñN o �OPm��Pmcg���OP�OSlflfBZ�bq��PX�QeP oqp �BN�bq[²Q�PmPmZ�Q°[ o Y�P�[\N4PZ o Q�[$flS>��Pyf>��| o Q\QTS>YjSlflS�[�S�PRQ�bd_�]±|4X4[ o Ø®X4_j[eSlf�bq_ o [\N4Pmc[eS>ZEP3b²]�S>c\PRwy[�S>_n��PRQe[eS>tnbq[eS o _ oqp [\N4P$� o cz]c\Pm|4c\PRQ�Pm_n[zbd[eS o _SUQ\QeX4P��`vceS>Z�bqc\�EbqZ o _4t$[\N4PBPm_�w o ]�S>_4tnQO[ o Y�PBZ�bd_jS�|4XjfUbq[xPR]Yn�3[\N4P$Qe�4Qe[\PmZ{��b�Qv�OPyf�f.b�QGYj�3[\N4PWY4czbgS>_.�

SUQB[xN4P²QePmZ�bd_n[eSUw�c\Pm|4c\PRQePm_j[zbq[eS o _.�µ�BNjSUw\N^S�QWY�b�QePR] o _{[xN4PsZEPRbq_jS>_4t oqp [\N4Ps� o cz]�bd_�]S>[zQOc\PyfUbq[�S o _[ o±o [\N4Pmc�� o cy]4Q3czbq[\N4Pmc[\N�bq_ o _�bd_n� o c\[\N o t�czbq|4NjSUw o cE|4N o _4Pm[eSUw'|4c o |�Pmc\[eS>PRQm� � p S>_�]jPmPR] QeX�wxNc\Pm|4c\PRQ�Pm_n[zbd[eS o _�QBPy¬jSUQe[R� o _4P�T�X4PRQ�[eS o _'��P°Z3S>t�Nj[ b�Q��S�QW��N4Pm[\N4Pmc"[xN4PsY4czbgS>_'Z�bq��PRQBX�QeP oqp~o _4P o coqp Z�bq_j�±]�SlØJPmcxPm_n[°��PmczQTS o _�Q oqp [\N4PRQePEc\Pm|4cxPRQePm_n[ybq[eS o _�Q�S>_�Z�bd_jS�|4XjfUbq[�S�_4t±b¯QTS>_4tqf>P�� o cz]<�EL$Q$�OPQeN�bgflf"QePmP��ñ[\N4P�bd_�Qe�OPmcs[ o [\NjSUQ¦T�X4PRQe[eS o _ Z�bg�'Y�P½ÑyY o [\NaÒ4�L p [\Pmc3bgflfå�vN o ��wmbq_ o _4P[zbgf>�±bqY o X4[w o _�QTSUQe[xPm_�wy� oqp c\Pm|4cxPRQePm_n[ybq[eS o _{Y�Pm[e��PmPm_'[\N4P3b�wy[eS>�«bd[eS o _ oqp [e� o QePm[zQ oqp _4PmX4c o _�QWX4_jf>PRQ\Q o _4PEwmbq_]jczbg�)b o _4Pm§¨[ o § o _4Psw o cxc\PRQe| o _�]jPm_�wyP²Y�Pm[e��PmPm_¯[\N o QeP$_4PmX4c o _�Q�È{MONjX�Qm��bgf>[\N o X4t�N{[\N4Pmc\P°Z�bg�EY�P3bQTS>_4tqf>PY�b�QTSUwEY o ]j� oqp S>_ p¨o c\Z�bq[�S o _±X�QePR]ÆS�_ Pm��Pmc\�¯S>_�Qe[zbd_�wyP oqp [\N4PEY4czb«S�_ c\Pm|4c\PRQ�Pm_n[eS>_4t'b�� o cz]<�N o �®[\NjSUQDS>_ p¨o c\Z�bd[eS o _ESUQOb�wy[\X�b«f�f>��Qe[ o cxPR] o _�b$_4PmX4c o _�bgf<f>Pm��Pyfiw o XjfU]�]�S�Ø.Pmc p¨o cOPRb�w\N�QTS>[\P oqp � o cz]c\Pm|4c\PRQ�Pm_n[zbd[eS o _.�

óB_4P�c\Pm|4c\PRQePm_j[zbq[eS o _3ZEPRwxN�bq_jSUQeZ���PBwmbq_3|4c o Y�bqYjf>�²cxXjf�P o X4[ p b«S�c�f��EQ\b p Pyf>�$SUQv[\N�bq[ oqp b*Ñyt�czbq_�]j§Z o [xN4Pmc.Ò3wyPyf�fGPm_�w o ]�S�_4t��4S>_{��NjS�wxNab�wy[eS>��S>[e�S>_ o _4P$_4PmX4c o _.� o c"b°t�c o X4| oqp _4PmX4c o _�Qm�jSUQ�_4PRwyPRQ\Q\bqc\�bq_�]¯QeX¸X wxS>Pm_n[$[ o c\Pm|4cxPRQePm_n[$bQTS>_4tqf>P²� o cy]<� � _'[\NjSUQ"wmb�QeP��:wyPmcx[zbgS>_'_4PmX4c o _�Q�� o Xjf�]¯Y�P´]jPR]�SUwmbq[xPR][ o [\N4P"[yb�Qe� oqp c\Pm|4cxPRQePm_n[�S�_4tbsQTS>_4tqf>P$� o cz]<�GMONjSUQO� o XjfU]<��S>_{Q o ZEP"Q�Pm_�QeP���QeX4t�t�PRQe[~[\N�bd[~c\Pm|4c\PRQ�Pm_4§[zbq[�S o _�Q"bqcxP²bqc\YjS>[\cybqc\�{bq_�]'bqc\P°_ o [WY�b�QePR] o _'[\N4PsZ©PRbq_jS>_4t o c p¨o c\Z oqp [\N4P3� o cz]<�µ�BNjSUw\N�Q�PmPmZ�QX4_jflS>��Pyf>���ELW_ o [\N4Pmc$Z o cxPs�OSU]jPyf>�±N4PyfU]'��S�Pm���BNjSUw\NÆf�S>PRQ°bq["[xN4P o |4| o QTS>[\P©Pm_�] oqp [\N4PEw o _j[eS>_nX4X4Zbqc\t�X4PRQO[\N�bq[B��N�bq[OSUQB|4c�S�Zbqc\�SUQB[xN4P$c\PyfUbq[eS o _�Q�Y�Pm[e�OPmPm_{� o cz]4Qm�DMONnX�Q ��bE� o cy]E� o XjfU]�Y�P3c\Pm|4c\Pm§QePm_j[\PR]Yj� b�wy[�S��qbq[eS o _ oqp c\PyfUbq[\PR]�w o _�wyPm|4[zQ"Q�X�w\N{b�QvS>[zQWQeX4|�Pmc o cz]�S>_�bq[\P��jS>[zQ�QeX4Y o cy]�S�_�bd[\PRQm�<bq_�]©S>[zQbq_j[ o _j�nZQm�BL�f>[\N o X4t�N±bq[\[xczb�wy[eS>��P���[\NjSUQW[\N4P o c\�{Q�XjØJPmcyQ p c o Z�bq_ o Yj��S o X�QWt�c o X4_�]�S>_4t�|4c o Yjf>PmZ#S>_S>[zQOY o [\[ o Z´f�PRQxQOc\PRwyX4czQTS o _.�

Page 53: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E Þ�Hù �In�ùO7¤%?�C7I�K¦¥ ?��JL NMD;¤ ðyÜ

[�ªË©¨ª�« ] Ë�Ç�Î�ÂDÅ�Ë&à�DiË�ÍjÎdÏ8Å Á ËC6DÅ�Ë�ÐqË�È8Î�Ç�Î�ÏTÏ.È~Ð� [$QePmPmZ�QW[xN�bq[B[\N4P3Z o Q�[B|jfUbqX�QTS>Yjf>P�ZEPm[xN o ] p c o Z»Y o [\Nab´flS>_4t�XjSUQe[eSUw�bd_�]abw o ZE|4X4[ybq[eS o _aQ�[zbq_�]j§| o S�_j[WSUQB[xN4P²X�Q�P oqp b]�SUQe[\ceS>Y4X4[\PR]¯c\Pm|4c\PRQ�Pm_n[zbd[eS o _�S>_j� o f>��S>_4t'bE��PRwy[ o c oqpGp PRbq[\X4c\PRQ o cB|4c o |�Pmc\[�S�PRQ�BNjSUwxN wxN�bqczb�wy[xPmceS>ÖmPE� o cz]4Q$bq_�]'[xN4P´w o _�wyPm|4[zQ°[\N4Pm�{c\Pm|4cxPRQePm_n[g��h o c$Py¬µbqZ©|jf�P��ñ[\N4P©� o cz]JÑy[\c\PmP ÒZ3S>t�Nj[$Y�PEcxPm|4c\PRQePm_j[\PR]¯Yn�±Qe[\c o _4t b�wy[eS>�«bq[eS o _ oqp [\N4P p PRbq[\X4c\PRQ�´aÊ�Å)¹�¾Ð°�µ�¯áP6[¸®�â�³.°�\¨�¸ÈQ[)·¸¶¡À�P�¾'¶CP�¶eµ�\'·¸]l³g�\�µ�¯'¯l��®Q]l[�ö�¶:�<bq_�]ƺ�]l³�³�¶<�jf o � b�wy[�S��qbq[eS o _ oqp [\N4P p PRbd[\X4c\PRQ3µ�° \'¾�[)¶CP�ö;[)]$À��7Y*µ)¶CP�Y*µ�À�³R��µdã�·mµ�\'¾Ð°g�.bq_�]®�¯�·m³R��bd_�]Z o ]jPmcybq[\Psb�wy[eS>�qbq[eS o _ odp [\N4P p PRbq[\X4cxPRQMµ�¯�¾W¼)³R�-ä�µ)Y�Y*µy®�¯�³R��bq_�]3ÈQ[�·y¶eÀBP6[)¶7P6\'Êy³³Pк�]l[�·y¶eÀ��} Pmc\[zbgS>_jf>���GbfUbqc\t�P_jX4Z²Y�Pmc oqp QeX�wxN p PRbq[xX4c\PRQ$� o XjfU]'Y�P�_4PRwyPRQ\Qxbqc\�±[ o c\Pm|4c\PRQePm_j[²b«f�fO� o cz]4Qm�

Y4X4[~[xNjS�QvSUQGX4_�] o X4Y4[\PR]�f>��Z3X�wxN p Pm�OPmcG[\N�bd_E[\N4PB_jX4Z3Y�Pmc odp � o cy]4QGwmbq|�bqYjf>P odp Y�PyS>_4t²cxPm|4c\PRQePm_j[\PR]<�MONjSUQ°ZEPm[\N o ] odp c\Pm|4c\PRQ�Pm_n[zbd[eS o _�N�b�Q$[\N4P�b�]j�«bd_n[zbdt�P3[\N�bq[s� o cy]4Q$�BNjSUwxN bqcxPENjS>t�Njf>� w o cxc\PyfUbq[\PR]QePmZ�bd_n[eSUwmbgflf>���OSlflf odp [\Pm_®Q�N�bqc\P{b^fUbqc\t�P¯|4c o | o c\[eS o _ oqp [xN4PaQ\bqZ©P p PRbq[\X4c\PRQ �®MONjX�Qm�BÑy[\cxPmP Ò±bq_�]ÑmQ$T�XjS>c\c\PyfWÒ'� o XjfU]�QeN�bqcxP QeX�wxN p PRbq[\X4c\PRQ3b�Q:È�[)·y¶eÀBP�¾'¶CP�¶¡µ�\'·¸]$³R�@µ�¯�¾W¼)³R�~bd_�]ú®Q]l[�ö�¶:��� o �OPm��PmcR�ñ[\N4PQe�4Qe[\PmZ�Z²X�Q�[�Y�P wmbd|�bqYjf>P oqp Qe[ o ceS>_4t3Z3X�w\NZ o cxP"w o ZE|jf>Py¬{b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _�Qm�4QeX�wxN b�Q~[xN4P w o cxc\PyfUbq[eS o _Y�Pm[e�OPmPm_ Ñ [\c\PmP Ò3bq_�]½ÑmwxN�bgS>_4§áQ\bg�BÒ4� p¨o cO�BNjSUwxN{[\N4P p PRbq[xX4c\P$��PRwy[ o cyQ�]�SlØ.Pmc$QTS>t�_jSlk:wmbq_n[�f����M�N4PE|4ceS>Z�bqc\� b�]j�«bq_j[zbqt�P oqp [\NjSUQ$Pm_�w o ]�S>_4t��GS>_�w o _j[\czb�Qe[$[ o [\N�bq[ oqp [\N4PEt�cybq_�]jZ o [\N4Pmc3wyPyflfå�

SUQ°[\N�bq[$Z3Xjf>[eS>|jf�P'QePm[zQ oqp X4_jS>[zQ�S>_�[\N4PEY4czb«S�_�wmbq_±Y�P�X�Q�PR]±[ o c\Pm|4c\PRQePm_j[sZbq_n�'| o Q\QTS>Yjf>P�� o cz]4Qm�L$QsQeX�wxN.�.� o cz]4Q$bdc\P3_ o [²Qe[ybq[eSUw°Pm_n[eS>[eS>PRQ3bq_�]±wmbd_±Y�PE|�b�Q\QePR]±bqY o X4[²bd_�]±bqc\czbd_4t�PR]^f�S>��P o Y4ÒePRwy[zQo c p X4_�wy[�S o _�bgfvbdc\t�X4ZEPm_j[zQm� ò PsZ�bg��Y�P´bdYjf�P3[ o b�wxNjS>Pm��P3[\N4P²wxf o QePEw o cxc\PyfUbq[eS o _'Y�Pm[e�OPmPm_±bE� o cz]bq_�] S�[yQOc\PyfUbq[eS o _�QWQ o X4t�Nj[BYj�EflS>_4t�XjSUQe[zQWYj�ZEPRbq_�Q oqp È�·¸¶¡° \'¾�[)¶¿¹~�BNjSUw\N'PRQ\Q�Pm_n[eSUbgflf>��[zbq��P$[\N4Ps� o cz]bq_�] |4c o ]jX�wyP{[xN4P{bq|4|4c o |4ceSUbq[xP{QeX4|�Pmc o cz]�S>_�bq[\P��D|�bqc\[R� o c�]jPRQ\wyceS>|4[eS>��P'b�]gÒ�PRwy[�S���P�� M�NjS�Q´SUQ*T�XjS�[xP]�SlØ.Pmc\Pm_n[ p c o Z baQ��³Qe[xPmZ¦S>_ �BNjSUw\N�� o cy]4Qsbqc\P�]$³�´a]$³,¹Q³,¶¡\�³�À�®�Å�w o _j[eS>_nX o X�Q©b�wy[eS>�«bq[�S o _ oqp [\N4PRQePc\PyfUbq[\PR]/w o _�wyPm|4[zQm�3MON4P3� o cz]'b�Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _±Qe�4Qe[\PmZ�Z�bg�{b�wy[xX�bgflf��'Y�PE[\N o X4t�Nj[ oqp b�Q�S>_j� o f>��S�_4t'b_jX4Z²Y�Pmc odp [\N4PRQeP3QePmZ�bq_j[eSUw p X4_�wy[�S o _�Qm�

[�ªË©¨ª�© å ÏGÍ4ÇU@;Â"ÃáÇ<ÅB:+Ï<ÌsÎ�­DËG*�ÏA1�Â"ÃáÇ�Î�ÏáÏ.Èu PRwmbqX�QeP oqp [\N4PBflS>Z3S>[zbq[�S o _�Q oqp bqcx[eSlk:wxS�b«fi_4PmX4czbgf._4Pm[e� o c\�4Qm�nb�QD�OPyflfib�QD[\N4P ]�S�X wyXjf>[e� oqp ]jPRQTS>t�_jS>_4tbq|4|4c o |4ceSUbq[\P p PRbq[xX4c\PB��PRwy[ o czQm��[xN4P QTS>Z3XjfUbq[eS o _�Z3X�Qe[DY�PWc\PRQe[\ceSUwy[\PR][ o b$cybq[\N4Pmc�Q�Z�bgflf.� o wmbdY4Xjf�bdc\���SñS>t�Nj[ñ� o cz]4Q<�OPmc\P�wxN o QePm_3b�QñQe[eS>Z3Xjf�Sá�jbgflf oqp ��NjS�wxNs�OPmc\POw o _j[zbgS>_4PR]�S�_3[\N4PMÑyY4X4[\[\Pmclz��$t�c o X4|aÒOX�Q�PR]Yj��Sv_n[e�OSUQTf>P�îy�R��Ü�Ü&ñy�iMON4PRQeP�� o cz]4Qñ�OPmc\P"QePyf>PRwy[\PR]©|�bqc\[eSUwyXjfUbqcef>�EY�PRwmbqX�QePW[\N4Pm�Ebqc\PBbgflf�S>_j[\Pmc\c\PyfUbq[xPR]S>_aQ o ZEP$�BbR���DMONjSUQBZ�bd��PRQO[\N4POÒ o Y odp [\N4P$_4Pm[e� o c\�©Z o c\Ps]�S�X wyXjf>[sb�QDS>[ oqp [\Pm_�Z3X�Qe["]�SUQe[eS>_4t�XjSUQeNY�Pm[e�OPmPm_aQ�S�Z´S�fUbqcsw o _�wyPm|4[zQm��QeX�wxNab�QgÑyY4X4[\[\Pmclz���ÒEbd_�] ÑyZ o [\NaÒ4�~h o cBPRb�wxNaQe[�S�Z3Xjf>X�QWbq_�] p¨o cBPRb�wxN[zb�Q��:�4[xN4c\PmP$| o QxQTS>Yjf�P©c\PRQe| o _�QePRQB�OPmc\PWf>PRbqcx_4PR]��OS>[\N¯�«bqc\��S>_4tEf>Pm��PyfUQ oqp flS>��PyflS�N ojo ]<� � o Q�[ oqp [\N4PRQeP

Page 54: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E Þ�Hù �In�ùO7¤%?�C7I�K¦¥ ?��JL NMD;¤ ðm�

æBçRèêé¾ëBìêë�í î4ïñð�ò æBçnðôó õ7ö�ðRç æ�çnðôóçÝÜ�ëÓéRõ b ��÷ çÝÜ>ëÓéRõxߨã v ��÷þqßáß þmó���� V ��÷ àjëÓéRõ ���÷ø�� í ��÷ ß��\ß í ��÷ø�� b ��÷ àjëÓéRõ ���÷þmëÓã¨ê ç�ëÓéRõ V ��÷ �lßáÛ\Ü�ÞRߨã ����÷äqßáíÝï í ��÷ ßTõ\õ ����÷ø�� ` ��÷ àjëÓéRõ c ��÷þmóRÜÝÜUßåã5ø�� íTÛ\ÜÝíÝÞ V ��÷ íT÷zíT÷z÷eé í ��÷ømóRÜÝÜÝߨã V ��÷ ÛeémÜÝߨéméRÛ í ��÷þmùî÷y÷eü v ��÷ þmóRê ���÷øR÷eàjߨã õ�ãª÷eà ����÷ çÝÜUßåü ����÷ç�ü~ߨùÓù V ��÷ ùîßTÛ� ����÷ø�� ���÷ ùîßTõ ���÷ëÓéRçÝßáíTÜ þmëîÜÝß ���÷ àjëÓéRõ ���÷þmó���� V ��÷ Ü�ÞR÷eã¨Û ù V ��÷ßTÛ\Ü ���÷ àjëÓéRõ ���÷ü~÷\Ü�Þ ømóRÜÝÜÝߨã ����÷ ÛeémÜÝߨéméRÛ V ��÷ø�� ����÷ ßTõ\õ V ��÷úRç�Þ ���÷ ã¨÷eä«ß ` ��÷éRßTÜ íTÛ\ÜÝíÝÞ ���÷ àjߨþ ����÷Ü�Þmã¨÷�à V ��÷ çÝÜ>ãÝëÓéRõ í ��÷ø�� ` ��÷ �lßáÛ\Ü�ÞRߨã b ��÷àjëÓéRõ øRÛ�ä ����÷ Ü�ëÓä V ��÷þmã¨ßáÛ�ï í ��÷ øRÛeä í ��÷

MibdYjf�P���GL$Q\Q o wxSUbq[eS o _�Q�X�QePR]S>_{[xN4PsQTS>Z²XjfUbq[�S o _.�

�OPmc\P�wxN o QePm_3b�Q<[\N4PD[ o |$[\N4cxPmP~c\PRQe| o _�QePRQ oqp [\N4PObq|4|4c o |4ceSUbq[xPG[��j|�PDtqS>��Pm_sYj�gSG_j[e�OSUQTf>P�wîQJk p [\N4§¨t�czb�]jPQeX4Y4ÒePRwy[zQm�DMON4PRQePsQe[eS>Z3XjflSvbd_�]c\PRQe| o _�QePRQ"bdc\PWflS�Q�[\PR]S>_aMñbqYjf>P����L�f>[\N o X4t�N [\N4Pmc\P�bqc\P¨ðy{ oqp [\N4PRQ�P�c\PyfUbq[�S o _�Q o ��Pmcybgflfå�vY�PRwmbqX�QeP oqp"o ��Pmc�f�bd|±[\N4Pmc\P�bqc\P o _jf���ðyx

[ o [ybgfi� o cz]4Qm�OL-Q�Pm[ oqp R|x p PRbd[\X4c\PRQ���b�Q"QePyf>PRwy[\PR]¯[ o©p¨o c\Z�[\N4P3Y�b�Q�S�Q p¨o c"[xN4P²QePmZ�bd_n[eSUw�Pm_�w o ]�S>_4toqp [\N4PRQ�P²� o cy]4Qm�"MON4PRQ�P p PRbq[\X4cxPRQ"bqcxP´]jPRQxwyceS>Y�PR]¯S>_�MñbqYjf>P*R4�WL+�«bgf>X4P oqp ����x3S>_�]�SUwmbq[\PRQ�[\N�bq[W[\N4Pp PRbq[\X4c\P p Xjflf��®bd|4|jf�S>PRQ[ o b'� o cy]<�~b¯�«bgf>X4P oqp x4��x�S>_�]�SUwmbq[\PRQ[xN�bq[3[\N4P o |4| o QTS>[\P oqp [\N4P p PRbd[\X4c\PwxN�bqczb�wy[\Pmc�S�ÖmPRQD[\N4PW� o cz]<�4bq_�]b°�«bgf>X4P oqp x4�î��S>_�]�SUwmbq[\PRQO[xN�bq[~PyS>[\N4PmcB[xN4P"� o cz] p bgflf�QDN�bgf p �BbR�bgf o _4t[\N4P"w o _n[eS>_jX4X4Z o cG[\N�bq[G[\N4P p PRbq[\X4c\PDSUQvS�cxc\Pyf>Pm�«bq_j[O[ o [\N4PBZEPRbd_jS�_4t oqp [\N4PW� o cz]<�¨Ü oqp [\N4P p PRbq[xX4c\PRQbq|4|jf>�E|4ceS>Z�bdceSlf��[ o [\N4PW��Pmc\Y�Qv�BNjSlf>PE� R oqp [\N4P p PRbq[xX4c\PRQGbq|4|jf>��|4c�S�ZbqceSlf>�E[ o [xN4PB_ o X4_�Qm�~h8S>t�X4cxPBÜSlflf�X�Q�[\czbq[\PRQ°[\N4P�Qe[\cxPm_4t�[\N o _ PRb�w\N p PRbq[xX4c\P p¨o c$[\N4PÂðyx� o cz]4QWS>_ [\N4PE� o wmbqY4XjfUbqc\���^L���NjS�[xP�Y o ¬c\Pm|4c\PRQ�Pm_n[zQOb°�«b«f�X4P oqp ����xsbq_�]�b°YjfUb�wx��Y o ¬c\Pm|4c\PRQePm_j[zQBb°�«b«f�X4P odp x4��x4�GMON4P$�qbgf>X4PRQDS>_�[\N4P$X4|4|�Pmcf>P p [$bq_�] f o �OPmcWceS>t�Nn[Ww o c\_4PmczQ oqp [\N4P$k�t�X4cxP p bgflf�|4ceS>Z�bdceSlf��^S>_{[\N4P°Z3SU]4]�f�P oqp [xN4Psczbq_4t�P���b�Q�[\N4PRQePp PRbq[\X4c\PRQB] o _ o [BN�bg��PsQTS>t�_jSlk:wmbq_j["cxPyf�Pm�qbq_�wyP3[ o _ o X4_�Q o cO��Pmc\Y�Qm�4cxPRQe|�PRwy[eS>��Pyf>���

Page 55: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

=�>@?BA@C�D;E Þ�Hù �In�ùO7¤%?�C7I�K¦¥ ?��JL NMD;¤ ðy{

antenna

bee

bird

bud

butterfly

cocoon

egg

eye

feather

flap

flower

insect

leaf

leg

moth

net

rope

stem

stinger

string

thorax

tip

web

wing

bite

bloom

break

buzz

catch

eat

fish

flap

flutter

fly

grow

peck

sing

smell

sting

throw

verb

trans

itive

cont

inuo

usdy

nam

icca

usal

emitt

ing

help

ful

obje

ctw

hole

livin

gan

imat

ena

tura

lai

rbor

nepr

etty

larg

ena

rrow

flat

shar

pco

lore

dlig

ht

û4ü�ý�þ&ÿ������#û����� þ&ÿ���� �� ÿ����&ý�������������dü��&ý� ��������� �!��ÿ"�� �#

Page 56: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

$�%'&)('*�+-,/.�021�35426879&:*83�;=<>&?4A@!B +-7 C�D

EF�G�H5IKJ�F LH5JMF�NO�H5P QSR�TVU LH5JMF�NO�H5P QAUWTVUX�Y[Z]\ ^�_`YMa-b�_�bdceb�fMg�hji�c-kli�Z[a c�i�glb�X�Y[Z]\g�Z[b�c�_mhjg�hjXY g`bdn"Y�_�i�c!i�\�o`YMf�g a�i"YM_�c�ig�g`b�n�Y�i�c!i�\�o`Y�fMgf�i�c�gmhVc"^�i�^�_ b�f�i�c�gmhVc"^�i�^�_�b�fMg�hjidc hVc�_`g]b�c�g`bdc�Y�iM^�_�i�Z�p-i�p-Yqcrg]b�Z[sa�s�c�bdp�hjf hjg`_�_m^�\�o`YMf�glf]t�b�c�u�Y�_ hjg`_�_m^�\�o`YMf�gKZvYqp-b�hVc�_�gmt�Yw_]b�p-Yf�b�^�_]b�x f�b�^�_]Y�_lb�f]t�b�c�u�YlhVc!hjg]_�i�\�o`YMf�g c�i�glf�b�^�_]b�xY[p�hjg]g�hVc�u Y[p�hjg]_�_]i�p-YMg�t�hVc�u f�i�c�_m^�p-Y�_K_`i�p-YMg�t�hVc�ut�Y[xVy�z{^�x t�Y[xVy�z{^�x t�b�Z]p�zj^�xi�\�o`YMf�g b8y�trs�_mhjf�b�x�i�\�o`YMf�g b9c�idc�|}y�t�s�_�hjfMb�x"f�idc�f�Y[y�gklt�i�xjY b�klt�i�xjY~Y[c�g�hjgms b9y�bdZvg�i�z�_]i�p-Y�gmt�hVc�uxVhjX�hVc�u xVhjX�hVc�u c�i�c�|�xVhjX�hVc�ub�c�hVp-b�g]Y b�c�hVp-b�g]Y hVc�b�c�hVp-b�g]Yc�b�gm^�Zvb�x c�b�gm^�Zvb�x p-b�c�|�p-b�a�Yb�hVZ]\�i�Z]c�Y z}i�^�c�a8hVc!g�t�Y~b�hVZ xji"fMb�g]Y�a8i�ceu�Z[i�^�c�ay�ZvYMg`gms y�ZvYMg`gms ^�u�xjsxjb�Z[u�Y xjb�Z[u�Y _�p-bdxVxc�b�Z]Zvi�k c�b�Z]Zvi�k Zvid^�c�a� b�g � b�g g�t�hjf]n_�t�bdZ`y _�t�bdZ`y a�^�xVxf�i�xjidZvYMa f�i�xjidZ`z{^�x f�i�xjidZ`xjYM_`_xVhju�t�g xVhju�t�g�xjs8_�t�ba�Y�a a�b�Z]n"xjs9_mt�b�a�YMa

�8��l���=����û����� þ&ÿ��� �þ� d���������[��ÿ��� ��������� üm�'���������dü��&ý� �#

����� �~���=��!�����:�w�!�~�������'���9����  ���¢¡����!�w�� �

�!���� Rü��lþl�`�� ü£�K�¤�:�� ¥�����l���Xþ� nü£�&ýA����§¦:¨ ¨�©&ÿ���ýdÿ"��¥�Vü��&ýª�`��&ý�þ��Bý���#¬«����:�� ¥�&þaü��������S����©��¥�­���/þ&ÿ"�W���������!��ÿ�®­�Ëü��&ÿ"�Bÿ�¯2�§ÿ�ü�������°�l¯²±¸üV³d�W¯>´Îþl���`�©��W���Ëü=���aüm��Zÿ����Ëü£�� µ��¶������ Rü�·�����¯¤���2���������³��������[��ÿ ü£���l�����S �� ÿ þ���� þ&ÿ�¸��¥¦:¨ ¨�#>¹-����A�`�W¯��/ÿ��� �����¸�������!��ÿ�®¡ü` ��Aº9»�¼½"¾~»�½¿��¯�©À�¸����³�������Á��ü������fþ��Â�/ÿ���þ� - þ��w��`�� � ��� Ã�[��ÿ-����)·�Bÿ�ü���þ� ���¯l©��� Ä��~�`�W¯��/ÿe�Bÿ����aü�������� þ&ÿ�� -����Å�����Bÿ��aü��&ý¿�¥���������� �Á �þ���Æ�� �þ��aü£�� '��ü����ÈÇ{É]¾w»�¼½-��ÿ¿Ç�Ê"ËÉ]Ì�Í]ÉvÎ!��þ��©&þ��:�9þ�������ü����� ���ÿ:������ d���:�aü`��Áþ� ��ÂÏ�»�ÐWÐ�É[¼¾�Ñ������Bÿ��aü��&ý�#Ò �£��/ÿ����������¯�Á9�µºÓ»�¼½�¾w»Ô½�����§������ nüm d�)��e�Å�Ëü` �� ��e �þ��À��ÿ"�dü��������º9»"¼Õ½"¾~»�½�ÌrÁ��������þ���©&þ�� �Õ�à ��K�¥�����:�aü`��A�Ö�W¯§���¸���������Õ������������ª����ý�������/ÿ�#§×:�A���©È�Õ�)���aü` ¿�:�� �¸ÿ�ü��������A�����l���[��ÿ¥������ �� ÿôþ�����ü��&ý�Á� ÿ"��ü£�aü��&ý�Á~���� ÿ þ����aü��&ý¸�����������5�!��ÿ®wÁ��W�����&ý���ü����Æ�������¥��������`��&ý�þ���ý����:�aü`��§�W���£��) ������xþ� ��/ÿ���«ü�����/ÿ"�����¥�l¯����Õ�Vü`���W���£¯A��ü£��A�����Ø d¯� �����¸Á-�� ��e�����Ù�K �ÿôþ��Ú ���ÿ ü£©��� ¿���§�Bþ����������ü`���W����¯§��¶�����þ���©&ÿ��������aþ&ÿ��� �#û4ü�ý�þ&ÿ��ÛÐÿ��©&ÿ��� ����l�" ¿�������������!��ÿ�®+ü��S���/ÿ��Ö ���¾ü��" ¿���/þ&ÿ"�W�¾þ��aü£�� ¥����Gû4ü�ý�þ&ÿ��¸Ü+ÿ��©&ÿ��� ����l�"

ü��Vü��A���/ÿ��Ö ���¸ü£�� ¥����� þ��W� ¦:¨ ¨Ý�K��³5�����¥ ��ôÿ þ���� þ&ÿ���#Þ×:·��/ÿ"�W����Á-����Ö�������!��ÿ�®È���K���"��ü£�� Â� } �Kþ��aü��" ß �����¥����þ��l��ü��&ý+ü���©&þ��" �à¿��ü����²á�âWá C �£����ÿ�����l���Æ������������� ü£�K�²�!��ü�ý����� �#§ã§�¸ d����������¥ ����¥���� ����������¥©À�������l�" ��:�������������!��ÿ�®~Á9 �þ����A�� ������¿��©��'¦ä����Þå�«�¦)Á8�Bÿ��Ö�����ôþ��W���£¯­�����¥©��l ����§�Õ�� d��·��/ÿ"�W�æ�ç`è éê�ë�ë�ì�í�î8ïjð�ñò[è�ójèWô�õ�ö~ðMójô"÷�ø9ù�ñ�ïjúWð5û-ñò[ð�ójèWü�ò[ðdñû[ð�ý�ö9÷Wð�è)ø[÷Wð5ò[ðÃójûþñÄü�ÿ�ò[ò[ð�ï}ñø]ójÿ�è��ð�ø]öwð�ð�è ø[÷�ð��Wò[ð��Óñè�ý��ÿ�û[ø��

ü�ÿ"èWè�ð�ü�ø]ójÿ"è�ú�èÔójø[û�

Page 57: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

$�%'&)('*�+-,/.�021�35426879&:*83�;=<>&?4A@!B +-7 á�

INPUT LOGOGEN

RESPONSE ENCODING

BIAS TASK

Fixed Input Unit

Linear Unit

Logistic Unit

Adder Unit

Basal

Ganglia

Bias

ACC

Cerebellum

SIC

ADDERdlPFC

lpTC

û4ü�ý�þ&ÿ��¿Û�� Ò �������!��ÿ�®Ö�dü`�Býdÿ"��Ý�������� �¥���l����#

Page 58: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

$�%'&)('*�+-,/.�021�35426879&:*83�;=<>&?4A@!B +-7 á�â

Output Signal

INPUT LOGOGEN

TASK

lpTC_IN

lpTC_OUT

dlPFC Bias ACC Cerebellum SICtoADD

ACCtoSIC LOGtoSIC

SIC_OUT

SIC_HID

BG_IN

BG_OUT

SIC_IN

SIClpTC

CORTEX

CONTROLLED PATHWAY

BIAS

RESPONSE OUTPUT

ADDER

Training Signal

û4ü�ý�þ&ÿ��¿Ü��Ħ:¨ ¨ �Â���aþl���� '�����¥©&ÿ�ü` Rü��&ý������� Rü��Vþl�`���ü����9#

Page 59: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

$�%'&)('*�+-,/.�021�35426879&:*83�;=<>&?4A@!B +-7 �

�`�W¯��/ÿ" �Õ�Òþ��aü��" �#��!�aü` Àü` ��aþ������������Ö�����©l�£��¶Mÿ����`���ü����� ��aü�©� ¿�:�aü`��È�Vþ� �� �À�¥�����Bÿ�����§�l¯������� ���Bÿ����K �#Æ���e� ���� Rü`����¯�©À�� ���:�`�W¯��/ÿ" ���ÿ��_þ� d���¡ü£�A����Ø Rü��Vþl�`���ü����9� ÇjÉ]¾w»�¼½=�Õ���²Ç�Ê"ËÕÉ`Ì�Í]É[Î �����Bÿ����/ÿ� �#�7ü������Bÿ§þ��aü��" ����W·�� ��Ö�dþ���©&þ��!�:�aü`���Oü` !����� �!��ü�ý��l������ �þ��Ý�� ���K���»ü���©&þ���ÁCý�ü£·K���Ö�l¯Ö����:�[��ÿ��Vþl�`�

��������������� ����� ��������/ÿ�� �� üm Â��������þ��©&þ��¥��rþ��aü£���"Á � � ü` ¥����¸�������W��ü���©&þ���Á'���� ��� � ü` ¥����¸�!��ü�ý����Â���A�����

��������������ü���� �9ÿ����¢�����!��������Ö�����#"l���Kþ��aü���# Ò ����ý�üm d��ü`� �����Bÿ���/ÿrþ� ��� �¿����ý�üm d��ü`� �9þ�������ü����È þ������� �����'�[���������ü£�&ý����¥���©�� ÿ����ü£�� :���K�"�W�Cü���©&þ��'���Vü��" !�dþ���©&þ��

���� ââ�¨%$�& ')(�*

«M�Áý������/ÿ��W��Á�����ýBü` �� üm�Ù�����Bÿ����/ÿ" �Bÿ�����©���l���¿�� �[��ÿ��Âü£�&ýÂ�¥��ÿ��¿�����¥©l����¶¸�Ö�©�©aü��&ý� �������µ�êü������Bÿ�����Bÿ����/ÿ" Ä����¥�l�������- �þ,+9�/ÿ��9ÿ����?������©&ÿ����l�����ä��9��¶�©l�����dü��&ý¿��þ���©&þ��Ä·��W��þ��� �Á��� 8������ü�ÿ!��þ���©&þ��� ��Bÿ�������,-����������������¾ÿ"��&ý���� ÿ���.�����â�# Ò ���dü���ü������W�������¥©l����¶fü���¯»üm !�����l�����l¯¥�����¾þ� ��'�� �xÿ�����þ&ÿ ÿ����l��������!��ÿ�®~# Ò �=��¶�� ÿ"���`�W¯��/ÿ����� 8�À�����¥©l�`�������¿�À���5�!�����¥��������dÿ�����¶Å�Õ��������e�dþ���©&þ��������¿��~�����!���� ��W�ý���&ýÕ�êü`��#0/Ä�����Bþ� d�����aü` ��`�W¯��/ÿ)�����l�"�-ü��� ����l��¯§â��Vþ��aü��" �Á7ü�� ��/ÿ�·��� :�K )�Vÿ�� �� ÿ�ü`����ü���� ���¸�����¿ �¯� ������¸#1�����������þ&ýK�+ü��l�v��ÿ�Ö���ü����È���Õ�32���?���&ÿ��dþ&ý��+ü��Ú� Rü��&ý���Ö©��K � '�[��ÿ �������������e�dÿ�®¸����©&ÿ���aþ��������©�©&ÿ��K©&ÿ�ü`�����ÿ��� �©À���� ���#-�!�aþ� �Á-ü��-���®��� 8 ���·��/ÿ"�W�&ü����/ÿ����ü����� 8��~�����)�����l� ÿ���������¿©������:�W¯'������©Â�����[��ÿ��ü��:��ü����à d���������rü��l���Ö�Vÿ��� d©����� ���#

Ò ©&ÿ ü£���Bÿ�¯=����Bÿ"�K�����/ÿ�ü` ���ü`�Ä��Cÿ�����þ&ÿ ÿ�����8�������e�dÿ�®� 8 �þ���¥�� 9��aüm 4ü` 8�����Õ� ������¯�©��� ��� � 8������ ���½�»�Ì54ʾ~¼¾wÍÀ��ÿ ¼�Í[Í]½�¼�Î�Í[ÊÕ½) ��"����� ß�6 ü£�l�����87 å������}�Ëü`����Á�â D�D âà"#9«q�þ�ôÿ"�-ü�������©&ÿ���©À�/ÿ���¯�Á�������¯���ü��}�Wý�ÿ"���aþ��W����¯ ������d�£�xü��l���Ø�����Bÿ ý����)���K�,-Cý�þ&ÿ"���ü����9#�×:���¥�Õ�-������� þ�������Â�����"���þ©&ÿ��K�l�£���� ¸ü£� �����Bÿ��aü��&ý ���aü` ����"��Á����!��·��/ÿ�Á��:�� �������:����/ÿ����!�/ÿ��¿ ���·��/ÿ"�W��©��l � Rü��l���lÿ�� �©����� d�� ��v��ÿ'������Æ �� ü£�Vþl��þ� ����µ�"�� �®~#:�!�aþ� �Á�������������!��ÿ�®������­��� �����Bÿ��A�Vþl����ü�©l���Æ��� ÿ"�������dÿ" '�[��ÿ¿������ ���¥�»ü���©&þ���#A�!�aü` Vü` ¿�����¥ ��K�¥�����aü��&ý������¸ü` '����ÿ��Ö���}��¯«ÿ��)9�þaü�ÿ���� ��e�Õ�Æ�Bÿ�� ü:-w�ôü`�W�-���/þ&ÿ��W�þ�������!��ÿ�®~Á����� ü����l�����«ü��¾ü` �Ö�dü<;Ø��þl����Á7ü��!�����ü��¥©��l � Rü��l����Á��[�����#8ã§�Ä�����/ÿ����[��ÿ���ýBü�·��!�����!�������!��ÿ�® �����!���l·���l�"�BýK�e�Õ�w��¥�����dü���ü������W�&ü���©&þ���Á�®l����:��� ������¸Ð�É[¼Ì=�ÁÀ�:�aü`���«ü` ¸ü���������l�������Oÿ���©&ÿ��� ����l�)����=���K��®aý�ÿ���þ���� ������ü�·dü£��¯ ��-·��Bÿ ü£�dþ� '©���ÿ�� ü£�K�� :�������Ö���dÿ�����¶ �Õ���Æ þ��w����ÿ����¶Ó#¿«M�rü` �l¯�©À�������� Rü?>����ª������ �þ���§�Vü�����ÿrü��,2Cþ��������� ¿���Bþ� ��Â�fþ��Ö�Õ�� ���ÿ��� �©À�����Oü����dü:+9�/ÿ����l�:�:�W¯� !��'�dü:+9�/ÿ����l�:��ü��¥�� Ô#

�������aüm�K ������� Rü` ��" ~�Õ� â)�þ��aü��" �ÁW���l��¯��������Õ���:�aü`��xüm 8������ü�·��������aþ&ÿ ü£�&ý �ôÿ"�-ü��aü��&ý�#�/-������þ� ��-��������~������ ���þ��aü��" Wü` -�K � ����ôüm�Õ��������ü����¥���l��¯��K���:��������:��&ÿ����!©��� � nü£�l���¾ÿ��� �©À���� ��� �ÁK�e�!����Vü�����ÿ����� d�:����� �� ÿ���&ý����¥����� � ����ôü`���ü������������!�����¸�� ���ü��Vþl��þ� :������xÿ��� �©��K�� ��)�l¯Vü�����ÿ����� nü£�&ý������'�fþ��¿�À�/ÿe�Õ�Ó�aü`��

@A9÷�ð!ø[ð�òCB?ë�ì�í5D�ójûÄú�û[ð�ý¿÷�ð�ò[ðÄójè�ójø[û�B!ÿ�ò[ð:ü�ÿ"è�ù�ð�è�ø]ójÿ"èñ�ï9û[ð�è�û[ð'ñ�èWý�ójû�èWÿ"øÄø[ÿE�ð!ü�ÿ"è�F�ú�û[ð�ý¿ö~ójø[÷�ÿ�ø[÷�ð�ò-ø[ð�òCB!ûú�û[ð�ý ü�ÿ5BGB!ÿ�è�ïIHJ�KH)èWð�ú�ò�ñdï�èWð5ø]ö~ÿ"òCL�ò[ð5û[ð�ñò[ü�÷Wð5ò[û8ø[ÿ!ý�ð�û[ü�ò]óI�ðeø[÷Wð8ójè)�Wú�øMF£ò[ÿ5B²ñ#N[ø[÷Wò[ð�û[÷�ÿïjý)O'ú�è�ójø�

Page 60: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

$�%'&)('*�+-,/.�021�35426879&:*83�;=<>&?4A@!B +-7 á }

þ��aü��" '�� � ����ôü`���������ü£��¸������¸ÿ��� �©��K�� ���#-ã2�����«ÿ þ����aü��&ý������= �¯� ������ Á��¥ ��Ö���}��������ü�·��� ü£�K�Kü` §ý�ü£·K������Ö� Rü��&ý����ÁCÿ"�Õ���l���¿��¯Ø d���£��������¸�aü`�� �þ��aü£� ���aüm��9Á��:����� ������ �¯� ������Óü` �©&ÿ���©À�/ÿ���¯�� ÿ"�-ü������~Á��aÿ�ü�·��� ü��-���� d���������!���¥�����!©&ÿ���©À�/ÿ�ÿ��� d©����� ���# Ò ��������þ&ýK�¥�!�e���W·��:�l�� ���ÿ ü£�À���������: ����Ö��l��ü`��ÿ���©&ÿ�� ����������ü������)����Ö�!��ÿ"�� ��:�aü`���² d�/ÿ�·��� ��K rü���©&þ��¥��¸�������K�QP�ûæ/�Õ���§��þ��©&þ����9ÿ���� ���������� ��W��ý���&ý�Ëü`��Á��!����W·��¿¯���� �����l�� ���ÿ�ü����������Vü���©&þ����£�dý���ý������:�aü`��§©��� � ��� '����������£©��Ù¦ ���������Öå�«¦)#~ã§��ÿ��� �Bÿ��ÿ���©&ÿ��� d���������¡ü��­���aü` ��[��ÿ�� �l¯§�¥���Õ�� ��Õ�Ù��A�Bÿ��aü�� ÿ"�Bÿ¯Æ�Vþl����ü�©l���¸�� } ���aüm��A�:�� ���������l���¡ü��2Û�aü��" '�:�aü`�� ���dÿ ÿ��� �©À����� ���Ö����ÖÛxü���©&þ���þ��aü��" �# �!���/ÿ��ü` '���Kÿ����K ����¸��Ø�������¥©��:�����¥���l���-�:�����Ö�W¯����¿�����¿����� þ��W� �v��ÿ�Ö :�Õ�-������ ������������dü��&ý� �Á8�� :�!�¿�Bÿ������K�:©��Bÿ���ü`��þl�`�Bÿ���¯«ü�����/ÿ��� ������ ü��«ü£��©&þ���������þ��©&þ��!����ý���ý����� !��!���aü` ���ü��¥��#�û4ü����W����¯�Á����� �"�� �®Vü` !���������l���Oü����= nü£�&ýÕ�£�Vþ��aü��!�[��ÿ!�:�aü`��������þ���©&þ�����Rlü£���dü`������ �S�·K�/ÿ��¸�� � ����ôü`���ü����UT¥�Õ���§â¾ü����dü`������� !S�©��Bÿ��'�� � ����ôü`���ü����UT�#

�����e�������!��ÿ�®��:�� 9�ôÿ"�-ü������Vü��¥���!�'©aü£������ Ô#�û4ü�ÿ" ��-����-��©��'¦­�:�� 8� ÿ"�-ü������xü��Vü` ��Õ�m�Õ��ü����Ø d� ������Wü������þl�`�������Bÿ��¿�����!�Ö�Õ©�©aü£�&ý'�9ÿ����>�����#ü���©&þ�������ý��dý����� 9�� ������ü�ÿ- ����Ö��l��ü`�Ä���������dü��&ý� �#ë����:�� ~� ÿ��-ü�������[��ÿÙ d��·��/ÿ"�W��������þ� ��Õ���Oü����/ÿ"�� ü£�K�� '��ü�����������l�[� þ������ �����Bÿ��aü��&ý«ÿ"����� �Á~��'�:�aü`����©À�Bü����¾ü�� �:�� '��l������Oÿ��� �©À����������������¸��-���� C xü���©&þ��" '��¯ ©&ÿ����aþ��ôü£�&ý¸�·��������dÿ)�:�aü`������K :����� ��/ÿ ���¥����Å�l�� nü ÿ��������,-Cý�þ&ÿ����ü����������� ���¥��l¯Ö������/ÿ" �# Ò �����aü` :©À�Bü�����Á������ �!��ü ýK���" ����¸�����'��©��'¦¤��������������ü����� ��!�/ÿ��-�¶����~#%1���¶���ÁÃ�����Ö���l��ü�ÿ��¸�����l� ÿ��Õ�}�����­©������:�W¯����K � ÿ"��ü£�����­�K�Ú�W����â���� ����� ��Ù d��ü��lþl��þ� �ÁÄ�"�� d®wÁ����µ�aüm�K '·��W��þ��� �#rû��dÿ)������Æ d���)���ü���©&þ��" ÔÁ~�������������!��ÿ�®��:�� V-Cÿ� ��Îÿôþ��¸���&ÿ��dþ&ý��Æ��Âü����/ÿ"�� ü£�K�� :�������������K©§��ü�������þ��¿���¯ ü���©&þ�� �9ÿ�����������å�«�¦'# Ò ���Õ�"��� �£����ÿ��aü��&ýÆ�W��ý���ÿ ü£���� �:�� ¸þ� ����~Á9�¥���Õ�aü£�&ý������¿����� �/ÿ ÿ���ÿ� ��!�/ÿ��¸�K����þ��lþl�`�����A�·��/ÿ¥�W���Ù ���ü��Vþl�ËüÙ�À���v�dÿ���������¯A�!�/ÿ��������®�©&ÿ��©���ýl������¼ü£�2� Rü��&ý���'©��� � ���&ÿ���þ&ý��¿�����:�������!��ÿ�®~# Ò ��������þ&ý��Â���aü` ��Ö�W¯����K�-���'� ©l�`�Bþ� Rü��l���'�����Bÿ��aü��&ý¿�¥�������Õ�aüm d�¸Á������Àü` ��������)���������/ÿ��­���Kþ� ¿�� '�!�Ö�Bÿ��¥���K�=�������¥©���ü��&ý¸��� ��¶�©l�Ëü`�ôü�����¯A�¥���l���e�����¿�����Bÿ�aü£�&ý��������¿�������ôÿ���������¸©��Õ�����:�W¯�#:�!���������Bÿ��aü��&ý���-������ d�Å�K � ����ôüm�Õ��ü����� �ü` �� �þ��¥��� ���¥���W·����"�®���� ©l�m�K����·��/ÿ������¯ª¯����Bÿ" ���:�`��&ý�þ��BýK�Ø���K9dþaü` Rü���ü����9#A�!����� ÿ"�-ü��aü��&ý§©&ÿ������� � ����l��®§�©�©&ÿ��W¶fü��Ö�Õ������¯È��ü�ý��l�����þ&ÿ" ����²�XW ¹�¦ Ò ��©�����#§«M�²����� þ��W�Ëü���¯�Á-����!��·��/ÿ�Á4ü��¥���l��®��Vþ����­�����&ýK�/ÿÅ�K ¿�Ö��l¯�� ÿ�ü`�W�` ¿�!�/ÿ��©��/ÿd�v��ÿ�¥������������þ&ÿ ÿ����l����¯���ü�����-����dü��&ýÖ�������Õ©�©&ÿ���©&ÿ�ü`������dü��¥���� nü£�K�� )������dþ���©&þ��!�5¯l©��� e�v��ÿ!��������������'�`�W¯��/ÿ" �#

ã2�����Oÿ þ����aü��&ýÖ����)�¥���l����Á������J-Cÿ" d�e©��K � Ä���&ÿ���þ&ý���������������©Oü��l·����·��� :���&þ&ÿ" d�e�Õ�2ü���©&þ��:�9ÿ���������ªå�«�¦)# Ò Â������������©¤ü����/ÿ"����� ÔÁ-����!��·��/ÿ�ÁÄ���aü` Vü���©&þ��Y9�þaü`�®���¯2�dü£�� ��Z+Ã#S�!�����������e�dÿ�®ªü` »ÿ þ��þ��l��ü��þ�����/ÿ��ü` '·dü�ÿ�� þ��W����¯¸���¸�����&ý��Àü£����þ��©&þ��'� ÿ��K�Ý�����xü����/ÿ"���ü���� ��������������¶���# �!�aü` ¾ý������/ÿ"�W����¯ÿ��)9dþaü�ÿ��� ��À���5�!������â�á'����¥���ü����/ÿ"�� ü£�K�� 4ü£�Â�����!���-ü�·��:�������dü���ü���� ß ��ü�������þ��8�¥����aü��&ý�9þl�Cü���©&þ����9ÿ���������'å�«�¦�à"#������e�dþ���©&þ�����������:���/ÿ����À���}��þ���ü��¥���aü` M-����W�aü����/ÿ"���ü����xü` �������lþ� d���=�K �'� ÿ��-ü��aü£�&ý� nü ýK���W��[��ÿ:�����Âå�«�¦)#~�!���rÿ��������-�����¿å�«�¦�ü` '�¿·��/ÿ�¯��dü<;Ø��þl����������#Ä«��'�Vþ� ��!�����Bÿ��������¥©l����¶ �K � ����ôüm�Õ��ü����� ü��È�·��/ÿ�¯Æ d�Ö�W���þ�aþ��¿���/ÿ���-� ÿ�ü`�W�` �# «M� �Vþ� ��Ù���m d������·K�=����=©&ÿ��©��/ÿ���¯������Õ�§ü����l�l�� �����'©&ÿ����aþ����

Page 61: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

$�%'&)('*�+-,/.�021�35426879&:*83�;=<>&?4A@!B +-7 á C

[ÀG�J�G)\'F�H�F�J ]9GK^}IF_ c�hjg�hjb�x)`lhjb_Ua�g�Z[Y[c�u�gmt b Ñdc`lhjb_Ue~Y�fMb5s�f�b�fMg`i�Z ghb ij YqZviKk YMala _Qmon Y[hjudtrg]_ b =d=a _�m e~YMf�b�spf�bf�g]i�Z i�b ia _�m�q YMb�Z`c�hVc�uMr�b�g]Y b Ñ i�8��l��� } �VP��Bÿ"��¥����/ÿ" #þ� ����»ü��Áÿ þ����aü��&ý������� Rü��Vþl�`���ü����9#

�µ�����¿��Îý��Bÿ���Bý��¥��þ��©&þ��¥�:�����Mþ��l�q��Âü}�Ëü`�Bÿ� ���ü��Vþl�ËüÙ�Bÿ���©&ÿ��� ����l�����~Á-�� ����aü` ¥���dþl�m�A�dü` �ÿôþ�©��¥����������l� ÿ���������ª�����K©9#¸ã2������e�Â�������~Á��������9ÁWü` ¿� �����5�!��ÿ®¸�:�aü`��Müm ��� � d������ü`�W����¯A��l�������Áÿ������dý��aü?>������Vü��Ëüm��ÿ§ü���©&þ��" �# Ò ��������þ&ýK�¸���aü` !�!��þl�`�����¿�¿ Rü��¥©l���=���� �®¿�[��ÿ:��� ÿ"���dü���ü������W������"�¿ �� ÿ þ����ôþ&ÿ���Ádü£��üm �����)������Bÿ'����¤�¿���/þ&ÿ"�W� �������!��ÿ�®�����þl�`����¶��aü£�aü�� ���aü` ��������W·dü£�dÿ�#

�����¸å�«¦ �:�� Àþl����ü��Ö�������¯A�l�� Rü�ý������­��ü����²���`�Bÿôý��¥����ý�üm d��ü`���aüm���l���Þ�`��¯K�/ÿ�#¸�!�aü` ¥�W������) �������� � d���ôü`���ü����� ���A���������Bÿ������s9�þaü`�®���¯2��ü�������þ��¸���Bþ� nü£�&ýS���l�È�Vþ��� ���Õ�Ö�Bý������­�����§©&ÿ���·dü���þ� M��¯�����Bÿ������������� �# Ò ���dü���ü��������}��¯�Á����fþ��¿���/ÿ8��������-�!��ü�ý��l�" 7ü��¿�����:å�«¦ ��ÿ��Wü��aü£� üm���}��¯Ö d���9���0>��/ÿ��ÀÁBÿ"������/ÿ������­���+þ��aü��v�dÿ��¿��¯²�dü` �� ÿ�ü��&þ������Mÿ"�Õ���l��� ·��W��þ��� �#A�!���� ����aþl���)�!��ü�ý����� = d����� ���¸������©S®�����©A�������þ���©&þ��Ä�Ö����BýK����l���:�:�����»ü£�®ü` -©&ÿ������ � nü£�&ýVþ��l����Vü��Ëü`�Bÿ: ���ü��Vþl�êü�Á����£�����þ&ý��¥������¯¥�l�������-©&ÿ��·dü`�l�)�� ÿ þl��¯¸ ��Õ��ü` M�q�K������ÿ�¯� ����þ���ü����9#�×:�����¿�����¥å�«¦°���K !�����Bÿ������ ����©&ÿ����aþ����¥��Æ�©�©&ÿ��©&ÿ�ü`����xÿ��� �©��K�� ���Áü��" o-Cÿ" d�=�&þ&ÿ� ��¥��¾ü���©&þ��¥���§�����¸���K��� ÿ����£���­©��Õ�����:�W¯È ����dþl�m�S�aÿ�ü�·������������l��©A���§ ����������X9�þaü`�®���¯���l���¿�����=�Õ©�©&ÿ���©&ÿ�ü`����rÿ�� �©����� d��# 6 ��e��·K�/ÿ�Ál���aü` �ÿ��)9dþaü ÿ�� :�����Õ�:�����¿å�«�¦2���¿��l�������Â��·K�/ÿ ÿ�ü`�l� �����ü��,2Cþ��������Ö�Õ�e�����¿�aü`�� ¾þ��aü��" �#¿�!���/ÿ��¥�Bÿ�ü` ��� �Oÿ�������/ÿ'����þ����¯ ü£�l���/ÿ"�K����ü������������!�����Æ����=�aü`�� ����������Âå�«�¦)#�«q�-����� �aü`�� �üm ����l�Ö �� ÿ���&ý�Ádü��)��ü����-�W�����W¯� :�l���Vü�����������������/ÿ����ü����þ�À�����Ö d���/ÿ�������¯l©����ÿ��� �©À���� ��� '�����·��/ÿ�¯Â�Ëü��������xü£����ÿ���� ��rü��� �©������ ß �:�aü`��� ü` !�¥���� �þ&ÿ���¸�� :�Â�l����ÿ����� ��¾ü��¸������aþ��=�À�/ÿ��2ü����/ÿ����ü����� �ÿ��)9dþaü�ÿ��������¥�����l·��/ÿ ý��à�#-×:������)������/ÿe���Õ���~Áaü��þ����� �aü`�� ®ü` !���l�¿�!���®wÁl������å�«�¦S��ü��}��l���Vü���������·���� �:�����Oü��)���� ����¥�¥���Õ�aü£�&ýÕ� þl��ÿ��� �©À���� ���#Ä«��¸��aüm '���� ���Á��������������!��ÿ�®¥��ü}����©&ÿ����aþ�����Ö��l¯»ü£�����dÿ ÿ������)�� ����ôü`���� �#

Ò �aþ��=�À�/ÿ)�Õ�þ©��Bÿ���¥�����/ÿ" ��e�/ÿ��þ� ����µ���¥������©����W�`������������Àü������/ÿ�������ü����¸�À�����e����� ������ ��¿�����¥�©��K�������" Ô# Ò �����&ý���ü������������aþ��¿���/ÿ'��!å�«�¦¤�aü`���l���+þ��aü£�� �Á~������ ��Àü£�����þ��l�¥�����©��/ÿ��������"��ý�����:å�«¦�!��ü�ý����� Wü��aü���ü`�W�Ëüt>���� ���#>��/ÿ��Á������¸ü��aü���ü`�W� �� ÿ����&ý���Ö����¿�����'�l������¯»ÿ"����!��9�����:�aü`�� ÔÁ�����)�l�����W¯�ÿ"������-�����Âå�«�¦¤��þ��©&þ���Á����� �������£����ÿ��aü��&ýKÿ"�������-�����¥å�«¦)#vuÆ�Õ��¯¸�dü<+9�/ÿ����l�Ù�����¿�aü������ü����� '�Õ�-������ ��©��Bÿ"�Õ�¥�����/ÿ" ��!�/ÿ��¿��·��W��þ�������ª���� ��·������ôþ��W���£¯������¿�:�� ' ����������������:�aü`��È�©�©À���Bÿ" '����©&ÿ����aþ����¥������¥�� d�=������ Rü` �������¿����ªÿ���� �������l�����������W·dü£�dÿ�#¸�!�aü` ¿ ������Õ��©���ÿ"��¥�����/ÿ� �Á �����:�¼ü£�A�8��l��� } Á8�:�� þ� ����µ���&ÿ���þ&ý����dþ��e�������¶�©��/ÿ�ü��¥���l�"�W� �ôÿ�ü`�W�` �#

Page 62: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

$�%'&)('*�+-,/.�021�35426879&:*83�;=<>&?4A@!B +-7 á�á

11

11.5

12

12.5

13

13.5

14

14.5

15

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Med

ian

Loo

p It

erat

ions

w

Association Block

Median Response Time Across Verb Generation Blocks

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

% S

tere

otyp

ed R

espo

nses

x

Association Block

% Stereotyped Responses Across Verb Generation Blocks

û4ü�ý�þ&ÿ�� D �V/-�����W·dü���ÿ:��������� Rü��Vþl�`���ü����¸�K�Kÿ���©���������·��/ÿ��¸�K � ����ôüm�Õ��ü����9#

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Med

ian

Rea

ctio

n T

ime

(MS)

y

Association Block

Median Reaction Time Across Verb Generation Blocks

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

% S

tere

otyp

ed R

espo

nses

x

Association Block

% Stereotyped Responses Across Verb Generation Blocks

û4ü�ý�þ&ÿ�� â)��{z�����ÿ������ü����¿���������ÿ��� þl�£�� 8�����"�-ü���������¯�z��-ü`���l���:���-�W��# ß â DKDC àl�v�dÿeâ����aþ��Ö��¥ �þ���³������" �#���}| ~ �l�À�w����� �'�������e�:��¡��!�~������!���Vÿ��� �þl���" ��9ÿ����¢������� ��-�������[��þ&ÿ)��¶�©��/ÿ ü£�Â�����" '©À�/ÿ��[��ÿ��¥��� ��� �����= Rü��Vþl�`���ü����§�!�/ÿ��¿�W·��/ÿ"�Bý�����·��/ÿ-���ü����l��©������l���l�:� ÿ�ü`�W�` �#��!����-Cÿ� �����¶�©À�/ÿ�ü��¥���l�e�:�� 8 Rü��¥©l��¯¸â)'�l������®� ��Õ�w·��/ÿ��¥�� ����ôü`�� ü£�K�¥��������)Ü¿ �� ü£�Vþl��þ� Ä�!��ÿ"�� �#8�!���Îÿ�� �þl���" !�Bÿ��)�dü` �©l�`�W¯����Âü£�Kû4ü�ý�þ&ÿ�� D #��!���'�������W·�ü���ÿ!��~����� Rü��lþl�`�� ü£�K�ü` Wÿ���þ&ý��l��¯¥�����¥©���ÿ"��l���!���)������W·��/ÿ��Bý���� �À�����W·�ü���ÿ���~����� â����fþ��Ö�Õ�Å þ���³5������ ��ôþ��dü£���Å��¯!z:�-ü`���l������)�W��# ß â D�DÕC à"Á����aüm��Æ��ÿ��rÿ�����ÿ��������»ü£�+û4ü�ý�þ&ÿ��Öâ��#8«[�-�!�������� Rü`�l�/ÿ'������Ez:��üm��l�����j ' �þ���³������" !�!�/ÿ��©&ÿ��� ����l��������ü����¸�=�êü` ����� C ��!��ÿ��� �Ál�:���/ÿ����� Ä������ Rü��Vþl�`���ü���� ���K -�K�l�£¯��l���W�Ëü��&ýÖ��ü£��ÆÜ��!��ÿ"�� �Ádü��ü` :��·dü`�l����� �����:�����¿ Rü��lþl�`�� ü£�K�Kü` ������Bÿ��aü��&ýØ d���¥���:����' M�����!�/ÿ'��������aþ��Ö��� ��!��þl�`�����¸�Å�Ëüm d�)�� Rü��Vü��`�Bÿ!�����&ý����9#V1:��·��/ÿ���������� � �Ál�:����®üm Ä�¥�dÿ���ü��¥©��dÿ��"��l�#üm Ä�����Õ��ü��e�l�l�� ! �����²�����'©&ÿ���©À�/ÿe�ôÿ������� ����:�Bÿ"�� ®ü��¥©&ÿ��·����Oÿ��� d©����� �����ü��¥������µ���������K9dþaüm nü£� ü£�K�Æ�Õ�þ ����/ÿ����K�5¯l©����Oÿ�� �©����� d�� �#

Page 63: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

$�%'&)('*�+-,/.�021�35426879&:*83�;=<>&?4A@!B +-7 �

11

12

13

14

15

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Med

ian

Loo

p It

erat

ions

w

Association Block

Median Response Time With Varying Stimulus List

û4ü�ý�þ&ÿ��¥âKâ��l/Ä�����W·�ü���ÿ:�Õ�þ������ nü£�Vþl�`���ü���� ���¸�� Ò �}/Ä� Ò �e�dÿ"�Â�Ëüm d�)©������/ÿ��9#�����Ö ����������ª��¶�©À�/ÿ�ü��¥���l��ü��l·����·����ª�����Vü��l���/ÿ��[�/ÿ��������Ö�K�È�Bþ����������ü`�¥�� � d���ôü`���ü����� ����Bþ� ����ª��¯

�����¸ü���� ÿ���aþ�����ü���� ��þ�¿ ������������!��ÿ����Ëüm d��#e�����Ù �� ü£�Vþl�Ëü �!�/ÿ��'�&ÿ���®����»ü�����¥���e���Ëüm d�" !��9�[��þ&ÿ!�!��ÿ"�� ������9#Ö�!���Â�����5�!��ÿ®Y-Cÿ" ��¿�� � ����ôü`��������K�§�����¥��:������ d�¿�Ëüm d�" '�[��ÿÖâ���l�£���®� �#��!�����Sâ)��l������®� �������¿�������/ÿ'�Ëü` ����e�/ÿ��©&ÿ��� ����l�����~#Vû4ü����W���£¯�Á8�����¿��ÿ ü ý�ü£�������êü` ��xÿ���� þ&ÿ������µ�[��ÿJ-�·��¿�¥��ÿ�=�l������®� �#¿�!���ÿ��� �þl���" '�Bÿ����dü` �©l�`�W¯����Ðü£�+û4ü�ý�þ&ÿ��ÖâKâ�#8ã§�=����¸ d����������!�����'�����Bÿ�aü£�&ý��Õ� ÿ��� d©����� ��� ����¥������ ������K����Ëü` ��)����ÿ��¥��������� �������!��ÿ�®v�j Ä�������W·dü£�dÿ:����������-Cÿ" ��Ä�Ëüm d��# 6 ��!��·��/ÿ�Ádü��§ÿ"������/ÿ09dþaü`��®K��¯Áÿ��/ý���ü£�����Ðü��" ��aü��Ëü���ü��� ¿�������!�����§�l�����®� =��â¥����§� } #�åBü��Vü��`�Bÿ¥©��Õ�����/ÿ��� '��#ü������/ÿd�v�/ÿ�������������+ÿ��©aü`�ªÿ����]�����Bÿ�aü£�&ý�Bÿ��� d�����Kü��¸�aþ��Ö��¸�� ����ôü`�� ü£�K�� #ü��Æ Rü��Vü��`�Bÿ ��¶�©��/ÿ�ü��¥���l�" �#

Ò �»ü£�l���/ÿ��� d��ü��&ý��[���� þ&ÿ�)��9�����¾ÿ��� �þl���" ®ü` Ä������Ä�����)�aþ��¿���/ÿ!��Uü����/ÿ"�� ü£�K�� -�Õ� �������£�l��©��©�©�����ÿ" ������� ��Ö�W�����/ÿ!������-Cÿ" ��Ä��ü��¥�'�����:�������!��ÿ�®= d���� e�������° �� ü£�Vþl��þ� !�����Õ�¥�����) ������K���¥��ü��¥��Á��� Ã�!�) �����:�����Ö���K�¥©��Bÿ�ü��&ý��l������® â!�����l������®¥���Õ���¿�l�����®�â�â!�����l������®�â��¸ü��Kû4ü�ý�þ&ÿ���â�âK# �!�aü` ®ü` -�aþ��'��� ������������-�����Õ�-������å�«�¦Mü` Ä©&ÿ����aþ��ôü��&ýOý��Bÿ�����ý��!��þ���©&þ��#ü��������:·��/ÿ�¯Â���-ü�·��Ù���K���dü£� ü£�K�9#e�!�aü` Ã���W�` ��Ù nü ýK���W����Bþ� ��� ������������l� ÿ���������Â������© ���¥ �����������9dþaü`��®K��¯�Á��&þ���ü��l���Ö ��K�¥�§ü����©�©&ÿ��©&ÿ�ü`����xÿ��� �©��K�� ���#-�!��� ®���¯��� ���êü��Vü����� ü£�&ý­���aü` xü` ����Æ���K�� �� ÿ þ����¿����� å�«�¦Zü��²��­�¥��ÿ���ÿ���&þ� ����q�K ��aü����Ú d�Æ�� ����«ÿ����aþ����Oü��" ��þ���©&þ����K�lþ��l����Vü��Ëü`�Bÿ: ���ü��Vþl�Ëüq# Ò �������l�����W����·�ü`�l��������Ál����!��·��/ÿ�Á� �þ&ý�ýK�� ��" 8������8�aþ��Ö��� ��l�¾ü��¥���������¶�©��/ÿ�ü��������¥ Rü��Vü��`�Bÿ:�������l�����ôü��� ����Vÿ��� �©��K���»ü£�����dÿ ÿ���������¯»ü£� ���-ü�·��'��ÿ!����·K��� ���K���dü£� ü£�K�� �Á��� �©À���ôüm���}��¯�W�[���/ÿ!������¯����W·�� �������K�¥� ����aü�� þ�������µ���Ö�¥�dü<+9�/ÿ����l�!�Ëü` ��)�Õ�à �� ü£�Vþl�Ëü�#

�����:���aü�ÿ"����¶�©��/ÿ�ü��¥���l�!���K - Rü��Vü��`�Bÿ:��������� ����������Â��¶�����©��!������Ä�����'�"�� �®¿�:�� -���£��/ÿ����~Áaÿ"������/ÿ������������¿�!��ÿ"�µ�Ëü` ���# Ò ����ôü`�� ü£�K�� �!�/ÿ��¿©��/ÿ��[��ÿ��Â���¸�K�Æ������9þl���-�Ëü` ����Õ��Ü� ���ü��Vþl�êü�#¥�!����-Cÿ" ��¥â)�l�����®� !�!�/ÿ��)·K�/ÿ��¸�� � ����ôü`���ü����9Ál����� ����¶���â)��!�/ÿ��'©��Bÿ��:�� � ����ôü`���ü����9Á�����������J-������ á��l������®� !�!�/ÿ�����������Bý��-ü��A·��/ÿ��2�� � ����ôü`���ü����9#S«��S©&ÿ"������ü`����Á!�aþ��Ö��� ��©�©����BÿÂ���È ����� ���� � Âü������/ÿd�v�/ÿ�������� �9ÿ���������¥©À����ü��&ý¥�"�� d®� Ä������Â�9ÿ����Ý�����¥©À����ü��&ýÖ�!��ÿ"�=�êü` ��� �#-«M���l�����~Á�����Ù Rü��Vþl�`���ü������l���¥���� �� ÿ������ Ä���aü`

Page 64: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

$�%'&)('*�+-,/.�021�35426879&:*83�;=<>&?4A@!B +-7 álÛ

11

12

13

14

15

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Med

ian

Loo

p It

erat

ions

w

Association Block

Median Response Time With Varying Association Task

û4ü�ý�þ&ÿ���â�����/Ä�����W·�ü���ÿ'�� �����¿ Rü��Vþl�m�Õ��ü����¸���¸�Õ� Ò �}/Ä� Ò �"�� d®¥©�������/ÿ�9#�������W·dü���ÿÙ�K !�!���}��Á��K #ü��}��þ� ��ôÿ"������ ü��(û4ü�ý�þ&ÿ��¥âW��#-�!��� �������!��ÿ�®Ö d�����!����·��/ÿ¯¥�Ëü���������Á�ü}�e�Õ��¯�Ál���� #ü��ü��" :��aü��Ëü���¯¸��������� ·K�/ÿ����"�� �®��������!�������l�����®§â)¥�Õ�����l�£���®¸��â�#�������}� �����U�V�}�,���}�{�V�Y�v�l�����V�{����� �{�����l {�Ò �}�-�Õ�e�����¿��¶�©��/ÿ�ü��¥���l�" ��fþ� ����Bÿ¾ü����dü`�������������'�����¿�������W·�ü���ÿ���e����Å nü£�Vþl�`���ü����ª�Ö��"����� '��������-�aþ��Ö��� �ÿ���� �������l��¯ �e������#:«M�¸��ÿ��l�/ÿ)���Â���¥������ Rü`�l�/ÿ����¡S�����ÿôÿ�������Txü��§��l¯¸ ����� ���ÁÀ�����!��·��/ÿWÁ�������¥���l���w�Vþ� �����¶��aü��aü£���������W·�ü���ÿ: Rü��Vü��`�Bÿ!��� �����Õ�-��~�����:�aþ��Ö��¥�!��ÿ"�Â�� � ����ôü`���ü����Ö �¯� ������ ���������l��¯ü��È���dÿ��Ö�W�e Rü�� þ��Õ��ü����� ��&þ��rü��È©��Õ���������ýBü`���W�:���� ��� ¿�� �!������#Y/-������þ� ��Ö�Vþ���È�Õ�e��þ&ÿ���·�ü`�l���������[��ÿ�����Àü£�l·����·����Â�����:�Õ�þ�����¿���/ÿ�����������þ�� �l�/ÿ ü£·K�� !�9ÿ����Ý����� �� þ��l¯����©����ü����l�Ez�¦)â�Á��:���ÀÁ��� !�!� ���W·���¥���l��ü��������~Á þ,+Ó�/ÿ�����9ÿ���� �����³���ÿ!���� Rü����­��-������ÿ�ü�ý��l�����/ÿ����À���}��þ��¸Á�������BýBü��&ý���e��aüm ��Bÿ����Âü�������: Rü��Vþl�`���ü�������þ&ý��l� ���rÿ�� �þl����ü��¥�������W·dü���ÿe Rü��Vü��`�BÿÄ��� ������8��¢z�¦)âK#þ���fþ� �Á�!�!�!��þl�`�¿����©À�:���������� Rü����� !��� ����Ù���/ÿ����À�����m��ÿ!�`��¯K�/ÿ-��9�����)��ÿ���ü<-w�ôü`�W�9�����5�!��ÿ®���ü����2ÿ��� �þl���#ü£�����K����ü�������ÿôÿ�������ÿ��� �©��K�� ��� ����������-ü���þ&ÿ��¿���xü��¥©&ÿ��·��rÿ��� �©À���� �����ü��¥���������Å�K���aü���·��¿ ����/ÿ�������¯l©����Oÿ��� d©����� ��� Ô#

6 ��!��·��/ÿ�Ál���� Rü����� ����¥�����¥���/ÿ����À���}�`�Bÿ��`��¯K�/ÿÙ�l������� �©�©����Bÿ ��_ÿ��� þl�£�¾ü��§ �þ���¸�À������·dü���ÿ�#�å���·l��/ÿ"�W�)�dü<+9�/ÿ����l�Ö�¥��������� ¿�Õ�Ù Rü��Vþl�m�Õ��ü��&ý§���� Rü����� ��!�/ÿ�����¶�©��/ÿ�ü��¥���l�����Þ��ü����9Áe���}�'��ü����° Rü��Vü��`�BÿOÿ���� �þl���" �#Ä�!���� �� �¥���������� ®ü����� þ��l��� ���Ëü��Vü������ü��&ý¸�¿���/ÿ��"�-ü���©À�/ÿ"���������Bý�� ��þ���K����������ü����� �Á����Ëü��Vü������ü��&ý�¥���/ÿ����-ü��¸©��/ÿ��������"��ý�����-�dþ���©&þ��§þ��aü��" �Á~����Ký�ü£·dü��&ýÖ���dÿ��Ö�W����¯Æ�dü` �� ÿ ü£�&þ�����¸©À�/ÿ�� þ&ÿ����Õ��ü����� :��¥�������������������ü���� �!��ü ýK���" Ô#þ�����rÿ��� �þl���" ��v��������ü��&ý¥����� ���Ëü��Vü������ü������� } ,£ä�� �������������������ü����� ���ü����aü�������¿���/ÿ�����������þ�� �Bÿ��¿�düm d©l�m�W¯����Ðü��¼û4ü�ý�þ&ÿ�¥â } #�ã§�¿����Æ d��� ������:�������������e�dÿ�®Ö �����) :�Å·��/ÿ�¯��aü ýK�©��/ÿ��������"��ý��:�� ����/ÿ������¯�©À����ÿ�� �©����� d�� e�Õ���¿������������¸ÿ��� �©��K�� ��:��ü��¥�)�l����ÿ���� ��� ! ��������dü���¯�#-�!���¸ÿ����� ����Å�v��ÿÄ���aü` ®üm !�©�©���ÿ������Ä�:�������e�'��¶���Vü����)����Ù�� ����ôü`���� �ýBü�·�������¯Â�����:�������!��ÿ�®~�Uü���ÿ��� �©��K���l���S���ü��&ý¤TÅ���¥��·��/ÿ�¯� ���ü��Vþl��þ� :��¶�����©��!�[��ÿ�Sd2���!�/ÿ�T�Ál�:�aü`��Æ����ÿôÿ���������¯Ö©&ÿ��·K��®����XS��l��������T�#

Page 65: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

$�%'&)('*�+-,/.�021�35426879&:*83�;=<>&?4A@!B +-7 á�Ü

11

11.5

12

12.5

13

13.5

14

14.5

15

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Med

ian

Loo

p It

erat

ions

w

Association Block

Median Response Time Across Verb Generation Blocks

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

% S

tere

otyp

ed R

espo

nses

x

Association Block

% Stereotyped Responses Across Verb Generation Blocks

û4ü ýdþ&ÿ��Öâ } ��/Ä�����W·dü£�dÿ:��������= Rü��Vþl�`���ü������W�v��/ÿ����Õ�Ö�Bý�� ��� } ¥£ä������������/ÿ����������`�Bÿ�������������� ü£�K�� �#�����-�9þ�������¥���l�"�W�~©&ÿ����l�����¸ÁK�������9ÁBü` ������-����Ö�BýK�e�� �����)���/ÿ����À���}��þ�������þ� ��� ������' Rü��lþl�`�� ü£�K�

���¸�l�����Bþl������� �����¥ �� ÿ��K�&ý��� �� �·��/ÿ"�W����ÿ��� d©����� ���#�z�¦)â��j ������Bý���Á~����!��·��/ÿ�Á9 ������¥���ª���Kÿ��� þl�£�Àü���/ÿ ÿ"�Õ��ü`�¾ÿ��� �©��K�� ��� §ÿ�������/ÿ:�����Õ�Kü�������ÿ ÿ��������&þ��Ù ���/ÿ�������¯�©À���������� �#!�!�aü` ) þ&ý�ý��� ��" �������:��ü������/ÿ'�������þ&ÿ ÿ����l���¥���l�����l�l�� ������Ö���l�)9dþ��������¯²��¶�©l�`�-ü��¤�����«ÿ��������������Æ���/ÿ����������þ��¸Á ��ÿ¥�����Ø�dü<+9�/ÿ����l�©��dÿ���ü����� ���-�����=���/ÿ����������þ�� ©l�`�W¯¸�dü<+9�/ÿ������¾ÿ������ ����µ������:�!������·K�= Rü��¥©l��¯����-ü����������¥�Â���l���-�W�����-������ d�=©aü������� �����ÿ ÿ���������¯�# «M�§ü` ������Bÿ �����Õ�Ù ��K�¥�Vý�ÿ��� � � Rü��¥©l�Ëü:-w���Õ��ü����� ¿�Bÿ��¿�Ö���l�Àü£�ª������þ� ��¿����������þ���©&þ��¿��)����Ø���/ÿ����À����� þ�� �� ¿���ôÿ"�-ü��aü��&ýÈ Rü�ý����W�!�[��ÿ������ å�«�¦'#l1:�K�����l��¯¡üm ����aü` ¿���K��9dþaü£�����/þ&ÿ������ý�üm�����þ©l�`�Bþ� Rü��l���Vü��Kü��" '����ÿ ÿ�����)�����,-Cý�þ&ÿ"�Õ��ü����9Á&ü��¸ü` :©À�� � Rü��l���¿������:�����¿���/ÿ�����������þ�� ����ÿ ÿ�ü��� ���È�µ�¥��ÿ��������¥©l����¶§�����ôü��êü��"�Õ��ü�·��_ÿ�����ü��­������¾ü��¿���l��¯§� ÿ"�-ü��� ���ÿ=�W������) �����å�«�¦?��� ���¥� ÿ��-ü�������:�����ªÿ�� �©����� d�� ��Bÿ�������ÿ ÿ�������#�×:���Â��:�����¿����¶��¿ �����©� ¾ü��+ü��¥©&ÿ��·dü��&ý������¿�¥���l���!��þ&ý��l� ���aþ� ���ü���·K���·��)� �Â��ÿ��!��¶�©l�Ëü`�ôü��)����¿©À�/ÿ����©� Ã�¥��ÿ��!©l�`�Bþ� Rü��l���rÿ�����!�[��ÿ������)���/ÿ����������þ��¸#!«��� Rü�ý��l��ü��l��� �������aü` !�Vü�ý��l�:�À�=���������©l�êü` ������ ����þl�`�¸�l�/ÿ�ü�·���� ÿ��� �����rÿ"������/ÿ!�!�������[®�����:�«ÿ����� ��������Ù���/ÿ����������þ��ü��¸�¥�K����ÿ!©�������/ÿ���£����ÿ��aü��&ý�#

���e��������/ÿÖ�Ö�Õ³5�dÿ=©&ÿ���l�����Ö ¥��ü£��²���aü` ��¥���l���Ù�Bÿ�� ������¥�������©��'¦Ý����A�������l¦:¦ �l�ª������l����ÿ����� d� ������ü�ÿ)������ü�·��Õ��ü����Ö��ü£���©&ÿ"������ü`����Á��� Ä�����#P-¹Ä�2����"�Àü����düm���Õ���� !������¯� �����þl�`�~# Ò Ä�e�'���W·�� ��"�Õ�����~Á������������ôþ��W� �������W·dü���ÿ)�Õ�þ�����¿�l¦:¦²���K !�����:¯������������ � þl����¯¸�Â���l���������~#:«M��ü` :�l¯�©À�������� Rü?>����������¿�������l¦:¦?��©À�/ÿ"����� Àü��°�������l��ü��aþ���þ� ��£�l��©A��ü����A��������� ��W��ý���&ý�Ëü`��#È���aüm =�£�l��©² ��/ÿ·��� ¿����Ö�-ü��l�"�-ü��²����������ü����ª���������Ö���� �®§��¿������~# Ò �����Ö�"�K �®«üm Å©��/ÿ��[��ÿ��¥���¡ÿ���©À��������K��¯�Á�ü��Vü` !9dþaü£��©��l � Rü��l���:������8���aü` ������©¥����¿ Rü��¥©l��¯¿���!�Ö�-ü��l�"�-ü��������lþ���¿�¥��ÿ��-������©l��¯�Á�©À�/ÿ����©� 8�l¯����Ëü��Vü������ü��&ý�����¥©À����ü��&ýÈ�����l��ü��&ý������ôü��� �#§«M�È��aüm Å���W¯�Á8������ü�·��� ü£�K�Mü£�A����Ø�l¦�¦ ����þl�`�Mý�ÿ"�K�aþ��W���£¯­���Kÿ���aþ��������ü�������þ�� ��+9������ü��&ýVü��" '��aü��Ëü£��¯ ���¥�Ö�-ü��l�"�-ü��Æ�Õ�������l��ü�������������� �"�� �®�����µ���¥©��� � ����aü` �ü£�l�[��ÿ������ü�������2�� ¿�������l���~#¤�!�aþ� �Á:���������/ÿ¥�Ö�³���ÿxü��¥©&ÿ��·����¥���l�¥�������l���S�·��/ÿ¥��������þ&ÿ ÿ����l�¥�¥���l���Îü` Â�����

Page 66: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

$�%'&)('*�+-,/.�021�35426879&:*83�;=<>&?4A@!B +-7 á D

Rü��Vþl�`���ü����¸�Õ� �������l¦:¦J�j ����&ýK�Bü��&ýÖ������ü�·dü£��¯»ü�����������l��ü`�ôü£©��Õ����ÿ�¯¥©À�/ÿ�ü����µ�����[��ÿ�� ����� ©&ÿ�� ����������ü������-��������!��ÿ"�~# Ò �������dþ&ý������aü` ��ü����-���Ö�Â�Ö�Õ³5��ÿ������l����·K��ÿ�Á7ü��� �����þl�`������� �aÿ"�� d��ü`���W���£¯§��+9�����'������������W·dü���ÿ)�Õ�þ����� �K�����/ÿ)�����¥©À�������l�" !��������� Rü��Vþl�`���ü����9ÁÀ��¶�����©��:©À�/ÿ����©� ����������K ��W�2ý���&ý�Ëü`��#

�����¥��������������������������ü�·dü��5¯¼ü£�A����¥��©��'¦ä�l�l�� ����K�=�����&ý��»üm Â���Ö�����/ÿ���:�¥�dÿ��Ø���K�����/ÿ��9Á����!��·��/ÿ�#�/Ä�����Bþ� ��¸ü£�!���l��¯¥©&ÿ������ � d�� -����§ü���©&þ��!��������Áaÿ����aþ��ôü��&ý¥�����'�fþ��¿�À�/ÿe�Õ�"ü����/ÿ����ü����� Ä��9����������l� ÿ���À������©���ü}��� ���K�e���Bþ� �� ����Ù����� ü£·dü���¯�ü�����������©��'¦²���¿�l����ÿ����� ���#-�����/ÿ����l���� Ä�����: ������ �����À�������� �¯Kÿ���¥���l¯¸�������aü` '©&ÿ����l����� �������/ÿ'������¸��Ø �þ&ýdý��� ��'������'������å�«�¦¤��©À�/ÿ"����� ����� ����/ÿ ����Ðüm ���©���l���'��Uü����aü£�aü���ü��7ýÖ�������£©��Ù¦Þ d����þl�`������� å�«�¦Gÿ������dý��aü?>��)�����¸ü���©&þ���#-�!�aü` ®ü` Ä©&þ&ÿ��Ù d©�����þl�`���ü��������!��·��/ÿ�Á��� ��Bÿ�:�Ö��l¯���~��þ&ÿ-�l¯l©��������� d�� -���������/ÿ��aü��&ý¿�����:�·��/ÿ��W���Cÿ�����:��~�����!��©��'¦)#l�!���)��� ��!�/ÿü` Ä������-���K�-������þ&ý��Âüm !��þ&ÿ ÿ��������¯¥®l����°��À��þ��-����Ù�Bÿ����aü�������� þ&ÿ�:��ÿ-����Îÿ��Õ�£����9�����:��©��'¦A��� ���®��ü��l�v�dÿ��¥���¿���������þ� Rü����� �#Äã§�-�Vþ� ��WÁ�������9Á���/ýBü��¥����e©&ÿ������ � 8�Õ�w�©�©l��¯�ü��&ý��ôÿ"���dü���ü������W�����/þ&ÿ��� ��ôü����������������aüQ9�þ��� �ü��Áü��l·��� ���ü�ý��Õ��ü��&ýVü��" :©��l¯� Rü������ý�¯�������9þ�������ü����9#û4ü����W����¯�Á��:���Õ�-�Ö�W¯¿���'�����'�¥�� ��!�������ôÿ��·��/ÿ" Rü`�W���[���� þ&ÿ��'��9���aü` Ä�¥���l���"ü` Ä����� �þ��� ��"�Õ����ü`�W�Uÿ�����

����ôÿ�ü��&þ������­��¯¼ü£�Â���¸���������K ��W�Òýl��&ý�Ëü`��#%1����¿���l��¯Ú�l�l�� xü��Vþ� ������������� �W�Òý��Õ�&ý�Ëüm�ª�� ������¸ Rü������e���l��ÿ"�dü������ü���� �������!�����������=����ÿ��ü`���W�þ�Bÿ����K :���� �������!�����Æ����ÿ��ü`���W�þ���� �þ��w����ÿ��ü`���W��ÿ��/ýBü����� �Á�ü���W�` ���þ� d�� !����� ���� ����°ýl��&ý�Ëü`�¥�� !������ nü£�� �� �[��ÿ������ü������� �����rÿ��� d©����� ��rÿ��©&ÿ��� ����l�"���ü����9#l/Ä�����Bþ� d��������� ®�����:�¤������������� ü£�K�� ��������!�����°����� ��¸������/ÿ_ÿ��/ý�ü£�K�� �����S�����¸���� �W� ýl��&ý�Ëü`� ß W �Õ�Ö�� Rü���Áâ D Ü }m~ ´'��`�l�Ö����}z:�®dü`�Á¿â D ÜlÛ�à¿����S������®�����:�¤ü£�l·����·����Â�������������Æ���K ��W�rý���&ý�Ëü`�¡ü��°�Â������ÿ��þ���©&þ�� ß u üm d��®�ü��9ÁEu��W�`��Vþ���Á�7¦/!�������·��W�Ëü��/ÿ�Á¿â D Ü C à"Á������� ��¸��ÿ��¸�À�����A©l�`�Bþ� Rü��l���ªÿ������ Å�v�dÿ¥��������� ����Cý���&ý�Ëü`��#�«q� d��Á�����!��·��/ÿ�Á�!�:�!��þl�`�¿��¶�©������!���� ���� � Rü�ý��aü<-w����l�!�5+Ó�����Ä���¥�!��ÿ"�Â�� � ����ôü`���ü������aü��Ëü���ü��� �� !��ÿ�� �þl���)��� ����¥���v�dÿ��Ö Ä�� ���� �W�2ý���&ý�Ëü`�¿� ÿ"��þ��Ö��# Ò ���dü���ü��������}��¯�Á7ü��Wü£��É`Ì�ÿ�� �©����� nü£�l����[��ÿ-�����l·���¯�ü��&ýxÿ��� �©��K�� ��) Rü�ý����W�` Ã��� �¥�����dÿ ��þ��©&þ���Á�!�:�Vü�ý��l��©&ÿ����dü`���-����������K ��W�Cý���&ýÕ�êü`� ������Bý������þl�`�rÿ�� �þl���2ü����ôÿ"��� �����ÿ��ü`���W���¥������ÿ9�©����K Rü`��§�#�1:���������2ÿ�� ����Bÿ"����/ÿ" 9�Bÿ�-���:�Bÿ� ��������8�Ëü�®����Ëü����������~���� ��W�Cý��Õ�&ý�Ëüm� ü���·��Õ�£·K���¥�����WÁBü��Ö�BýBü��&ý¿����Vÿ�������ÿ��dü£�&ý���¶�©À�/ÿ�ü��¥���l�" ��:�aü`��¥�[��ÿ��Â�/ÿ���¯��·��/ÿ����l��®�������aü` ¸ÿ��/ýBü�������ü����þ����¤�À�=�W�����/ÿ�������Ö �©À���ôü:-w�����}��¯��"�Bÿôý����#ü£�� :������ü�·dü£��¯�#

¨ª© ð�ð���ñô"ð�«K¬�F�ÿ�ò ñÄý�ð�û[ü�ò]óI��ø]ójÿ�è=ÿdF�ø[ò�ñ�èWû[ü5ÿ�ò[ø]ójü�ñ�ïUB!ÿ�ø[ÿ"ò�ñd��÷�ñû]ó}ñ��

Page 67: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

­ ®°¯�±³²�´¶µ ·

¸ ¹»º ¼¾½À¿ ÁÃÂV¹»º

«��� d����þl�`�����¥�©�©��Bÿ����� �l¯������Á7ü���ü�� �:�� :���K�'� ÿ��K�������¥ ����Bÿ���Á������)�Â���l�����Ëü��&ýÆ��·K���§�:����'������Vü�ý��l�:������ Rü`�l�/ÿ)�rÿ���m�Õ��ü�·�����¯Ø Rü��¥©l���¿����ý��aü���ü�·��'�"�� �®~Á� �þ������� Ã�e�dÿ"�Ö�K � ����ôüm�Õ��ü����9Ádüm !��� ÿ����Â�����l��þ� þ����l�/ÿ��"�Õ®�ü��&ý�#-���aüm � �� þ��l¯¥���� ��l�����:�Ëü����������¥��ÿ��'����������= ��ÿ"��"��Ö����Ù �þ&ÿd�q����� �Õ�Ó��aüm e�v��ÿ�Vü`����l���©&ÿ������� � �ÁÀ�&þ�� �!�=���� ���l��¯¸����©À�=�����)����= �þ&ÿ������������� :�À�����È ���ÿ"�Õ�"�������Ðü��Æ����lÿ ü ýK���'©l�`������ ����������: �þ��� d�)9�þ����l�Îÿ�� ����Bÿ"�����ü���� �������µ���¥��·��/ÿ)�l����©À���aü��&ýKþ����l�/ÿ" ��"����dü��&ý�#

«M�§�����!-����`�ª��:���/þ&ÿ��� ��ôü���������Á-�Õ����©��/ÿ����Õ©� rü��A��l¯Æ�dü` ��ôü�©l�Ëü£�À��Á�ü��Àüm ���[������������þ��l�[��ÿ��ôþ��������������l������¯Â�v�dÿ����K���� þ� nü£�K�� :������� �·��/ÿ" d�"������~# Ò ��¯Ö d��ÿ��-�Õ� �¥���l���}�Ëü��&ýOü` Ä©��Bÿ���ü`��þl�`�Bÿ���¯¸ �þ� �����©�� ü£�l����������aü` '���� þ&ÿ"���qÁÀ������þ&ýK�¸©��K������� üm���}��¯����Bÿ��Å� þl��ÁÀ�����¥©��"�� ü£�K�9#)ãª����þ&ý��l�'���¥���/ý�ü£�9Á �����/ÿ����[��ÿ���ÁÀ��¯ ��"�Õ��ü��&ý�þ�©��]� ÿ�������:����: �����þl�`��¾~Ê�Í9�À����`�-ü��¥������:���aü` !��ü��¥��#

Ä ��Å Æ ���!�ÈÇ �0��ÉÝ���ËÊ°�Ä�!�ÍÌÏÎ�Î������¿���ª� ���l�û4ü�ÿ" �� ������[��ÿ����Â�� ���Á��!� ���W·��������Ù���K�� �� ÿ þ�������� �Ö���K�¥©l�������=����������� nüm d�������'�¥���l���þ�Õ�-�������!��ÿ"��� � d���ôü`���ü����§ �¯� ������ #¿å����������K��¯�Á8�e�����W·��¿�����)¯K���'�v��þ���� �·��/ÿ��������£�Âü£�&ý���·dü`�l�������¥�[��ÿ �� �©����ôü<-w�ÿ�����Â�v�dÿÅ�Õ��¯���)�����ü����dü�·�ü`�aþ��W�������¥©À�������l�" ���)������ �¯� ������¸#�¹�·����¡ü��)�������¥���l�������K�­��¶������d�£¯ Rü��Vþl�`��������aþ��Ö����À�����W·�ü���ÿ:�K�¸�W��� ®�����:���"�� d®� �Ádü��:�!��þl�`���À� ©&ÿ����Ö��ôþ&ÿ�� ���¥���������þ��l�¿������!���������ÿ ÿ�����:�¥���l��� �������À����� �v��þ����~# Ò �:�����!©��Bü��l��Á&ü��'��ü����þ�À���������� � ���ÿ�¯����¥�l���¥���� ��ôÿ"���� �����Õ�:������¥���l���§ü` ¥���©���l��� ��)©&ÿ����dü`����ü��&ý­�������" ¿����dþ��¥��þ&ÿ¿�!��ÿ"�­�� � ����ôü`���ü����A©&ÿ������� � ��� Â������¿�!�/ÿ��������©&ÿ���·dü���þ� M��¯Ö®l����:�9#Ä×:�����/ÿ���ü` ��¾ü��#ü` !©��l � Rü��l��� ������-����)�¥���l���9���� Ä���������·��/ÿ���-��Ä��������Ù�W·���ü}�`��l��������� ��ôÿ"�-ü����� �#

������©&ÿ����l��������-�Â���l�����Ëü��&ý¸�� � ����l��ü`�W����¯����Bü��` �l��:�¸�����©&ÿ����l���������ü`�l����� ü}�[¯dü£�&ý�����¸ ���ü` ���[¯�ü��&ý¥������ �� ÿ��-ü����" Ô#þ���aüm �©&ÿ���³������-���� Ä�����/ÿ���v��ÿ�:�[��������!���Â����� �©�©&ÿ����������Uüm�l���l��ü��[¯�ü��&ý��W���Ó®l����:�

��

Page 68: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

$�%'&)('*�+-,°Ð�0 $:@!;¿$�7:6Ã1�3r@!; ��â

������ ��ôÿ"�-ü����� :���������¥�l�� Rü�ý��ª��e�����¿�!��ÿ"� �� � ����ôü`���ü����§ �¯� ������¸Á9 þ&ý�ý��� ���ü��&ý¸��������Bÿôÿ�¯�ü��&ý���þ�� ��¶��©��/ÿ ü£�Â�����" '��Ö���� d�)������·��W�Ëü`�dü���¯Æ�Õ�e�����dü���ü������W�e������ ��ôÿ"�-ü����� �Áw�Õ���Y-������}��¯�Á8�l�� Rü�ý��aü��&ý¸�¥���l���` ß ���� Rü��Vþl�`���ü��&ý������¥ �þ���¸�¥���l���[à:�:�aü`���È ���ü` M�[¯��¥�� ��:�dÿÙ�W������-������ ��¥������ d� ÿ"�-ü��l�" �#:«M�Æ�l�Bü��&ý¸ ��ÀÁ��!����W·��¿�������È�Õ���¸��ü}���!���Ö��l���¿���Oü`�l���l��ü��v¯§�����dü���ü������W�:������ �� ÿ��-ü����" �ü��¥©l�Ëü`�ôü£�Âü£�ª������ ��¿�¥���l���m ������l�� Rü�ý��µ� þ&ÿ�����/ÿ:��¶�©À�/ÿ�ü��¥���l�" :��¥���� ��:�����ü ÿ�·��W�Ëü`�dü��5¯��� !�!������#

Ä �Ñ Æ ���!�ÈÇ �0�ÒÊ°�Ä�!�  �¡��J�)�V�À�w�l�«��ª�����Ö����þ&ÿ" d�¥��e��aüm ������� Rü` �Á8���fþ��¿���/ÿ���e©l�`�Bþ� nü£�l����ÁÄ������þ&ý�������� ¯K���rÿ�ü�ýBü`�~Áþ���K�� �� ÿ"�-ü��l�" '���W·���������§ �þ&ýdý��� ������~#Ju¸�l ��:��-������ d�=�l�/ÿ�ü�·����9ÿ������Ö�����©aü}�`�� ü£�K� �Õ���Áÿ���� � ��� � d�¥��������-�Vþ���� ��-�����ÿ�������·��Õ�����Ëü����/ÿ"�� þ&ÿ��#Ö�!���¿�[��������ü��&ý þ&ý�ý��� ���ü����� ����W·��¥�������­�Ö���l�����������/ÿ��aü��&ý������Ö�l�� Rü�ý��A�����9þ�������ü����¸���·���ÿ�ü���þ� :�� �©À�����" ���þ����� �¯� d�����¸�

Ó �!���Ù�Õ�����/ÿ ü£�dÿ��ôü��&ý�þl�`��������ÿ�����¶�ü` �ÿ�� �©����� nü£�l�����v��ÿ!����������dü��&ý¥�����ÿ!�Ö�-ü��l�"�-ü��aü��&ý¥�����¾ü��l�[��ÿ���Ö���ü������������� � �Bÿ�¯��[��ÿ)���������������� ���¥�����¿��þ&ÿ ÿ����l�)���� �®~#�«���ü` ��Ëü�®�����¯¸�����Õ��ü��)��©À�/ÿ"����� Òü£����£�l��© ��ü����¸���������� ��W�Wý���&ý�Ëü`�Ö�Õ�����Ö�W¯¸�� � d�/ÿ���ü��" �ü£�,2Cþ��������Â��·K�/ÿ:�������/ÿ)���dÿ���ü`���W�þ�Bÿ���� :·dü`�ü£�l���/ÿ"�K����ü����� !��ü����aü�������� ���� ����°ýl��&ý�Ëü`��#

Ó �!���������[�þ�l��ÿ� ���`����/ÿ"���Õ©&ÿ��� ÿ��K���"���K���dÿ�����¶��©�©����Bÿ� 9�������#ü���·��Õ�£·K���¾ü��¿�Ö��aü�©&þl�`���ü��&ý� �¯l�=�À��Ëü`�ÿ���©&ÿ��� ����l�"���ü����� Â�����þ&ÿ���¶����/ÿ����W�)�!��ÿd�m�~#¬«��2���������������¶�������!��ÿ"�A�� ����ôü`�� ü£�K�9Á�ü����Ö�W¯�Ö�-ü������-ü��Ø�xÿ���©&ÿ��� d�����"�Õ��ü����Ö�Õ�Ó����Ù �� ü£�Vþl��þ� #ü����!��ÿ�®dü��&ý��¥���¥�dÿ�¯¿�[��ÿe ��K�¥�)©À�/ÿ�ü������Õ� ��ü��¥��v��������ü��&ý�©&ÿ��� d�����"�Õ��ü����9#8«���ü` Ã�Ëü�®�����¯¥������®ü£�WÁ����l��Á��©À�/ÿ"����� ü£�����l��ÿ"�dü������ü����¥��ü£��Ö���������� ��W�ý���&ý�Ëü`��Á��� ��e�����þ�K !©��� Rü��l�£¯������ÿ�ü�ý��l�)���/ÿ����À���}��þ��¸#

Ó �!����ü��l·����·����¥���l�¿��:�����Oÿ�ü�ý����¥���/ÿ����À�����m��ÿ¥�����Vü` �©����/ÿ�� üm ���:©��Bÿ��ü`��þl�m��ÿVü��¥©���ÿ�"��������aþ�����¥�������������)������ü�� ���� �� ÿ"���dü���ü������W����¯��������+ÿ��/ý���ÿ"�l���¸�� '�Â�¥������ÿ �Bÿ�����# Ò ��������þ&ýK�Áü��³�þ&ÿ�¯���È����È���/ÿ�����������þ�� �©�©À���Bÿ" ����Gÿ�� �þl���Kü���ü�����ÿ����� ���� �/ÿ ÿ���ÿ" ��Õ���S�`����®S��������Bÿ�aü£�&ý¤�W�[���/ÿÿ���©��������­�e�dÿ"�È�K � ����ôüm�Õ��ü����� �Á#ü��Vü` ¿�����Ö������BÿÂ�:���������/ÿ»ü£�Âüm Âÿ��� �©��K�� Rü��l�£� �[��ÿ¥� ÿ��-ü��aü£�&ýª��ÿ Rü��¥©l��¯�ÿ�������ü�·�ü��&ý¿�����:�dþ���©&þ��8� ÿ���?�����)�Bþ�����Ö���ü`�Ä©�����l�:�W¯�#9«��Wü` Ä �þ&ý�ý��� �����¿������Wü��" Ã�/ÿ ÿ���ÿ�l����������ü����¸©&ÿ��©��/ÿ�� ü£�� ��Ö�W¯����=�aþ������Vü��" �ÿ����=�� :�Õ�¸����� þ��W�þ���K�¥©��������l�'��Ã�ÔS������l� ÿ��������� T������ü�·��� ü£�K�������K©¸�:�aü`��Æ ������d�£�� ����Ö�Âÿ��� �©��K�� ���ÁCÿ�������/ÿ:�����Õ�¸�� )�Å©��� ���[©&ÿ������� ���ÿ!�[���������ü£�&ý �þ����¸�=�£�l��©9#

Ó Ò ��������þ&ýK�°����Æ���K ��W�rý���&ý�Ëü`�A����þl�`�S���������§ �������ü��¤�����3P-¹Ä�� ����� ����z:�-ü`��l���§���¸�W��#ß â D�DC à"Á������/ÿ�=�©�©À���Bÿ" !���Â���=���K�� Rü`�l�/ÿ"��l���¥��·düm�l�������¿�����Õ�:������¯�©l�m�W¯¸�¿���³���ÿ�ÿ�����rü������aü`

Page 69: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

$�%'&)('*�+-,°Ð�0 $:@!;¿$�7:6Ã1�3r@!; ���

©&ÿ������� �#G�"ü£®K�������¿ �þ&ý�ý��� �� ü£�K�¸����������������/ÿ�����������þ�� ©l�`�W¯� )�Vÿ����rü�� �m�Õ�&ý�þ��Bý�� ©&ÿ������� � Rü��&ý�Á������ü��¥©l�Ëü`�����ü�������w����e���K ��W�fý��Õ�&ý�Ëüm� ü` � ����¥���:���Õ�þ�����l� ÿ��·��/ÿ� Rü`�W���� �!���}��Á�ü£�Â������8�����!���� ��W�ý���&ý�Ëü`�xü` :�K��� ��þ���� ©���¯K����ý����aü`���W����¯Æ�Õ�m�l�� d�Ù�Bÿ���� Ä��þ���� �&ÿ"�-ü��9#

Ó �!���rÿ�������Õ�-�����'�����v�'©��� d���/ÿ�ü���ÿ'�����¥©��dÿ"�W�þ����ÿ����¶_ü�� �����=�����l� ÿ��Õ�}�����µ©�����l���W¯»ü` ) ��K�¥���:����þ�����£����ÿ�#�«��! ������Ö Ä©l�`�Bþ� Rü��l����Á�����!��·��/ÿ�Á�������ü���ü` #ÿ��� �©À���� Rü��l���'�v�dÿ-� ÿ"�Õ�� M�`���ü��&ý��À���5�!������������¥�������êü���¯��l��©������l���l�:����ý��dý����� ®ü£� �:�aü`��������� ���ü��Vþl�êü��Bÿ�� ���������l�������»ü���©&þ��)���¿����� �Õ� ���������ý��aü���ü�·���ÿ��©&ÿ��� ����l�"���ü����� #ü�� �:�aü`��� �e�dÿ"�� Ä�Ö��aü�©&þl�`������µ�v�dÿ� d���Ö��l��ü`� �¥����aü��&ý�#

Ó Ò �©&ÿ��K©��� ���� ��¯�z:�-ü`��l���È�����W��#�Á¸ü£�Oü` ·��/ÿ�¯Þ�Ëü£®K���£¯¬������������È d¯���·düm�Õ��ü��� �þl�`�Bÿ�����ÿ�����¶�üm ÿ��� �©��K�� Rü��l�£���[��ÿþ d����ÿ�ü��&ý��������·���®dü��&ý=�������dü���ü��������w�� � ����ôü`����� �#8«��Wü` Ä �þ&ý�ý��� �����������þ� nü ýK���W�ÿ���©&ÿ��� ����l��ü��&ý������Ö��þ&ÿ ÿ����l������ �®~Á9©��l � Rü��l��¯Ú�l�/ÿ�ü�·dü��&ý�� ÿ��� �������l¦:¦ �dÿ������¥���K ��W�Òýl��&ý�Ëü`��Á�lþ� d�e�À��þ� ���� �� #ü���©&þ��'���¿�����¥å�«¦)#U/Ä�����Bþ� ����� �����¿��£�l �� ©���¯� Rü`���W��ÿ����`���ü����� ��aü�©��������!�����å�«�¦ ����­���K ��W�§ý���&ý�Ëü`��ÁWü��Vü` Â��¯l©��K������ Rü?>����A�����Õ�=����/ÿ��Ö����¯ª���Æ nü ýK�aü:-w���Õ���Vü��l���/ÿ"����� ü£�K��������!������������ ��=��ÿ����� �#

Ó û4ü£�����}��¯�Á�ü£�Wü` Ä �þ&ý�ý��� ����� ���������·���������ÿ8����[���� þ&ÿ�� 9��ÿ8©&ÿ���©À�/ÿ���ü��� Wü` 8�����!�¥�l ��~�Ëü�®�����¯¥©&ÿ�ü��Ö�Bÿ�¯�¥������������¯��:�aü`��� �!��ÿ"�� :�Bÿ� �Ö��aü�©&þl�`������¸ d���Ö��l��ü`���W���£¯ ��ü����aü��¸����� �&ÿ��-ü��9#

Ä ��� Æ ���!�ÈÇ �0�ÒÊ°�Ä�!�ÍÌÏÎ�Î������¿���ª� ���l��!���!9�þ��� �� ü£�K�Æ�Õ�-�:����'���Bÿ"�Kÿ�� �þl���" :���W·��¿����� þ��W����¯¸�À�����§�����"��ü£�����Ðü��Æ����Å���dþ&ÿ" ����Õ�-���aü` :������ nüm ü` ¸�Þ�¥��ÿ��§�dü<;Ø��þl����������#��!���­�l��·�������©��¥���l�Æ�Õ�=�����§ãª��ÿ"� Ò ����ôü`�� ü£�K� � �� ����/ÿ�Á'��þ��d�êü������ ü��Ò ©�©������dü�¶ Ò ÁW���� 8�W���£��!��� ����e�l�� Rü�ý��¥�����©��/ÿd�v��ÿ�Ö������-�Õ�����!�) ���©��Bÿ�����-��¶�©��/ÿ ü£�Â�����" ÔÁ��l�� ���ÿ�ü������ü�� Ò ©�©À�����dü`���� Õ/ ����¶W¿#9«M�A�����Ö-Cÿ� ��¿��)������ �����¶�©��/ÿ�ü��¥���l�" �ÁÄ���������� ���ü��&ý���!� ÿ���¸�� � ����ôü`���ü���������l� ÿ���` Ù�v��ÿ�z�¦)âÂ���� ¾ü����dü`��������­���������������/ÿ�����������þ�� ����¯ ���»ü���·��Õ�£·K���+ü��A�� � ����ôü`���ü����­���� �������§�l����©��/ÿrÿ���m�Õ��ü����� ��aü�©� �À���5�!�������!��ÿ"�� �������«ü` '���������l���(ü£�������¿�l¯�©À�������� Rü?>���� �[���� þ&ÿ���[·���������ÿ����ý��aü���ü�·��Vÿ���©&ÿ�� ����������ü����9#:�!�������������[��ÿ!�9þ&ÿ������/ÿ¸ü��l�v�dÿ��Ö���ü���� ��ü������:�aü`���������� � ��� � ����aü` '��m��ü£����� Ä�������µ���¥����������ÿ���� þl���l�� Rü�ý��¸��-��¸�����dü���ü��������þ��¶�©��/ÿ�ü��¥���l��ÁÀ�:�aü`��� ü` )�l�� ���ÿ ü£�À��� ü£� Ò ©�©À�����dü�¶¦)# P8�`��� !�Bÿ�)����Xþ����l�/ÿ���W¯¥�l¯�´��£������å�������aü£�� '�����×������´ ��&ÿ�ü����Ëü ���å��"��l�[��ÿ"��Ø:�aü�·��/ÿ� Rü��5¯����þ� ����¸ M�Ëü�ý��l���¥���dü<-w�����ü����A��:���aü` �©&ÿ������������ü��A���� ���ü��&ýXP��Bÿ�®dü£�� d���{�j ��Õ��� 6 þ��l��ü��&ý����K�{�j ��dü` ����� d�©����ü����l�" �Á������¥���W·��¾ü�����þ&ÿ ÿ����¸���Õ�Ö�Bý�� ���¿���������� ��W�2ý��Õ�&ý�Ëüm���� !�Vÿ��� þl�£�'��������� �����Ù»üm��� ü£�K�� �#

������ �������������¶�©��/ÿ ü£�Â������ÁÀ�:�aü`����[����þ� ��� ����¸��������þ������Ö�� üm��©�����l�:�W¯�Á� þ&ý�ý��� ��" ������ ·��/ÿ�¯»ü�������/ÿ��� d��ü��&ýÎÿ��� þl�£�8������8�����!�Bþ������Ö�Õ��ü`�8©�����l���W¯¾ÿ�������ü�·��� 8�� Uü���©&þ��-���¥�����W�Ëü£��¯l�ªÚ�»Û�»�¾vÚ�»�¾~Í���������dü��&ý��~�����) ���ü��Vþl��þ� �Á�ÿ�������/ÿ�������� ����¥�!�¥�����W�Ëü��5¯xü����l��©������l���l�)����ýK�aü£� ü£·K�§ÿ���©&ÿ��� ����l�"�� ü£�K�9#þ���fþ� �ÁK�����

Page 70: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

$�%'&)('*�+-,°Ð�0 $:@!;¿$�7:6Ã1�3r@!; � }

�Bþ����K�Ö���ü`�Ä©�����l�:��¯'�Ö�W¯��À�/ýBü��Ö����¾ÿ����`���ü�·�����¯¿����­����·����&ü��¥�����!©&ÿ������� � Rü��&ý= ��ôÿ�����¸Á��ôü�ÿ"��þ��¿·����l���ü��&ý§�����dü���ü������W�)�����l·��/ÿ" Rü����� ��:�aü`��²�Bÿ��¥�������� � �Bÿ�¯��[��ÿ�����Ø�����l� ÿ��Õ�}�����ª©�����l�:��¯�# å����������K��¯�ÁÄ�������¶�©��/ÿ�ü��¥���l��ü����dü`������� !�����Õ�������)�dþ���©&þ��-��9����� �Bþ����K�Ö���ü`�!©������:�W¯rü` Ä�¥�����W�Ëü£��¯l��É`¾vÚ�»Û�»�¾vÚ�»�¾~Í[# «M�ü` !���aþ� !©��l � Rü��l���=�����!���aü` !©�����l�:��¯Å�v������ #ü��l���¥���������K��� ÿ����£���µ������ÁK�q�K�ôü}�Ëü��"�� ü£�&ýOü��" �������·K�/ÿ ý�����������¸�Vÿ�� �©����� d��Á��� !���� ����������¥���l���}����� ü��¸������ nü£�Vþl�`���ü����9#û4ü����W����¯�Á ���£�����þ&ý����������Â���l���-�!�����W·��¿ Rü��Vþl�m�Õ����� üm � ����¥���������ü��������� Rü` ������l����ü£�� �Å�[��� ��

�����'©&ÿ���©À�� ����������� ��ôÿ"�-ü����� �Ádü£�#ü` !�À���êü���·���� �����Õ�-�����¾ý������/ÿ"�W�~�9ÿ"��¥���!��ÿ®=�Õ� �����'�¥���l���9�Ö�W¯¥�À� ��������Vÿ�ü�ý��l�)�ôÿ"���®¸����������Õ�§ü�� �Ö�W¯����¥��Â������l���¥���������� ��=���K�� �� ÿ"�-ü��l�" �# �!���¿� ÿ þ����������5-�����-����� Rü��Vþl�`���ü����9Á~����!��·��/ÿ�Á�üm '�����ü��� Rü�ý��l�¾ü�� �&ÿ�ü��&ý� ����µ�����xü£�©���ÿ�������#9dþ��� ���ü����� ¸ü��rÿ"�-ü` ��� �Á9 þ������� �:����:�Bÿ����aü�������� þ&ÿ������þl�`����¶��aü��aü�� �������q��Âü}�Ëü`�Bÿ��[©��Õ�����/ÿ��Kÿ������dý��aü?>�ü£�&ý��������W·dü���ÿ)����ôÿ�ü��&þ����������¿�����å�«�¦A��ÿ�����S�����§ÿ�����:�Õ�Ó����)���/ÿ�����������þ��Ý�Vü�ý��l�-�À�Îÿ��·�ü` ����Âü��Ø �þ���Ö�����W¯��������ü��Ä�e�dþl�m� Rü��lþl�`���z�¦)â��j !�l�5-w�ôü��" '�:���������� Rü��������~#

P8�/ÿ���©� 8�����¾þl�£� ü£������:�����l��ÿ� ����¥���l�e�Õ�w���aü` Ä�!��ÿ�®~Á�����!��·��/ÿWÁBü` �������ü£�l���/ÿ��� d��ü��Ä���� �ý������/ÿ�������ü��Ö�aþ��¥�/ÿ��dþ� e���dÿ����/ÿ" Ä��9�����§ÿ��� d���Bÿ"��Ø�����Â�lþ��aü���¯�# Ò �Â���&ý¿�������/ÿ" �ÁK�!�:���W·��:�������¸���Õ�}�`��À��ÿ"�� ü£�&ý��ü����¡W¾ÿ�#X×���¥�� 6 ��þ�®§�Õ������81:��ÿ�����!�� ���/ÿ��%Ø��aü£·K�/ÿ" Rü���¯%u ���düm������¦-���l���/ÿ�Á8�:���«ü` rü��l���/ÿ��� �����ü�� �£��:�]����·������¥���l�����êü��&ý ��þ�����©��l¯� Rü������ýK¯���þ����=���/ÿ����À���}��þ�� ��������������� ��W�Wý���&ý�Ëü`��ÁvW¾ÿ�#G×�þl�êü��û4ü��K>�Á~�:���¸�dü`� �����¿��ÿ�ü�ýBü����W��ÿ��� �����ÿ"��� ���3z�¦)â�Á~���� 6 ���&ÿ�ü������������� Ò �`��3�~��ü����/ÿ�Á �:���¸�Bÿ�����þ���� �©À��®����¥©&ÿ��K©��������l�" ��Õ�w�����§ÿ����:��w����)���/ÿ�����������þ��Óü�������ý��aü���ü�·��)�l�����-ü��� �#�uÆ��ÿ"��þ� lz:��üm��l�����j !����å�����·����¡P8�����/ÿ" d���{�j ¾ý�ÿ���þ�©� ����ã­�� ��aü��&ý������¶Ø:�aü�·��/ÿ" nü£��¯È��ÿ��Ö�W�` ��+þ����l�/ÿ" ����������l��¯+ü�����/ÿ��� ������¼ü�����aü` �ü£�l·��� �� ü ýl���ü������������� ©�����l�:�W¯� Ä�������������¯Ö-Cÿ� ��)�dü` ����·��/ÿ����~#Ä �}| Æ ���!� �U�ÒÜÞÝ~�'�Ö�J�~�l��!������¥��þ��l�Ö�Õ��®�����!�����aý�� �:�aü`���2�Vþ� ������+ý��-ü������S�����[��ÿ�� ���aü` �©&ÿ������� Ö����2�À�Æ���l�)9dþ��������¯�¥���l�����£���S ������Ö ¿·dü�ÿ�� þ��W����¯ª�êü��Vü������� � ÔÁ:����A�l��©������dü��&ý­���A�:������£��·K���)��������ü` ����� ¿��Æ������ ��ôÿ þ�����������¥���l����Á§ü���·��/ÿ¯²�!�����Ù�Ö�W¯A�À��# �!���/ÿ� �l�²�Õ©�©����Bÿ����­���§�ª�[��� �Bÿ����� Â�:���/ÿ��«ü��¥�¥���dü`���ÿ��� �����ÿ"���� �����þl�`�¿©&ÿ��·��!�¥�� d��©&ÿ����aþ���� ü£·K��Á�����!��·��/ÿ�#8�!���� ���ü������þ��l� �����§þ� d�:��w����:©&ÿ�������������9ÿ����Ò ©�©������dü�¶È¦Mü������� ���ü��&ý¥���K�e�K�l�£¯��dü` ����� �� ©��Õ��ü������" ÔÁ������=�Õ�v���������W·��'��ü`�l�� �©&ÿ����K������Ö�Bý��'�:�aü`���Ö�®K�� xü������/ÿ©&ÿ����"���ü����A�Õ� ÿ��� þl�£�� Ö�dü<;Ø��þl����Á!�&þ����W�` ��È �þ���³5�����" Å��ü����A�������W�:���� Rü����� ��� �����Kÿ�ü�ý��l����/ÿ����À���}�`�Bÿ¿�����Vü` �©����/ÿ��Á������¥���� �W� ýl��&ý�Ëü`��Á����� ������å�«�¦'# Ò ��-Cÿ" ��= d����©«ü£�­���aü` ©&ÿ������ � ÔÁpW¾ÿ�#´)����������­����§« ��ü}���Ù d�����ª����� ÿ"�W·������Ëü��&ý����§¦e���êü��[��ÿ��aü`����� ©��/ÿ��[��ÿ�� ����¥�©&ÿ����Ëü£�Âü£����ÿ�¯A���� ��" ����©����ü����l�" -�Õ�������0uÆ��ÿ���ü����K>:± Ò u ���dü`���W� ¦-���l���/ÿÄ�:���� �þ,+9�/ÿ8� ÿ���>���� Rü����� Ä��� �����#ü��� �þl�`��#:å������K���K�£¯�Áz:�-ü`��l����Á&ü��¸���l��ÿ"�dü������ü���� ��ü����ßu ü`��������P8�� ����/ÿ:��!�����#Ø��aü£·K�/ÿ" Rü���¯Ö��Äקÿ��/ý����9Áaü` !�������¥©���ü��&ý¥���

Page 71: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

$�%'&)('*�+-,°Ð�0 $:@!;¿$�7:6Ã1�3r@!; � C

þ� ��!��·����l��ÿ����`�������©��K������� üm���m ß ¹lzàP- �à~���� �� þ��l¯������!�����¥©À��ÿ"�W���������W·dü£�dÿ���Ó����� ü£·dü���¯rü��¿�����: �¯� d������aþ&ÿ�ü��&ý¿·��/ÿ����� � ����ôü`���ü����9#-���aüm ! ����dþl�m�Âü����dü`������ �����'©��Bü��l�" ®ü��Ö����� �� � d���ôü`���ü����©&ÿ������� e�Õ�-�:�aü`��������¸�Bÿ����¿�À�������¥�� '������ü�·���Á���fþ� Ä�������dü��&ý����Ö�¿�!���W�������Õ�þ����� ���K�� �� ÿ"�-ü��l�" Ä�[��ÿ!��þ&ÿ:�¥���l���` �#û4ü����W����¯�Á~�¥��ÿ� �e�dÿ�®�ü` ��������l��� ���¸�����¿�����¥©&þ����/ÿ' Rü��lþl�`�� ü£�K�� �#:«M�¸©��Bÿ�� üm��þl�`�BÿWÁ�������� þ������ ü£�K���

ü��&ý���-�����¿���/ÿ�����������þ�� ��ü��}�-������� ���Â���Vÿ���·düm d���~Á~��ü�����������©À�� � Rü��l���Vü�������ÿ�©À��ÿ"���ü�������e�Â�¥�����������) �����������ü�·�����¯­� ÿ"�-ü��aü��&ý§������å�«¦?���l��¯§�:�����Mÿ��� �©��K�� ��� ¿�Bÿ��Ö�©�©&ÿ��©&ÿ�ü`�����#81����ä�������!��ÿ�®§�Bÿ����aü��������� þ&ÿ�� !�[��ÿ'�����¥å�«¦¤�:�aü`���+ÿ��� �þl���¸ü��È�dü��Vü��aüm d�����È����� ü£·dü���¯¸����¸�dü��Vü��aü` ������Mÿ��� �©À���� ��Àü£�l������ Rü���¯���+þ��l����Vü��Ëüm��ÿrü���©&þ��" ��ü}���:�W�` ������W·��¿���Ö�À�Vü���·K�� ���ü�ý�������~#��!���¥©&ÿ����l��������!�����¿������� �[��ÿ:����!�/ÿ��©��'¦°����� ü£·dü���¯�ü�������� ©&ÿ"�K����ü`�����¸�������dü���ü������Vþ� ��:�W�` ��¥�À�������aÿ��� � d���~Á���ü���������� ©À�� � Rü��l���= ��Õ� þ�� ü£�K�������Ä���aü` :�Bÿ���� ü` �ü����aü��aü������ ��¯Â������å�«¦)# Ò ���Õ�����Vü`���W�9����ÿ ÿ����`����� Ä�!��þl�`�Â����·K�)���������v�dþ����������[��ÿ�� �þ���Æ�¿�Â��������aü` ��¢�:�� :�l�����¥��� ©l�`�Bþ� Rü��l����Á9����!��·��/ÿ�##û4ü£�����}��¯�Á~�����¿ Rü��Vþl�m�Õ��ü����¸��þ&ýK���:��¥���Àü£�Â�©l�����¥���l�����+ü��È���K����ü��aþ���þ� �dÿÕS�ÿ����W�QT���ü��¥��Á �:�aü`���§��ü}���§ÿ��)9dþaü�ÿ��¥������ ����Å��¦:¦¤���Vü��¥©l�����¥���l�����ü��È���¥��ÿ�lÿ���W�Ëüm d��ü`�¿���� ��aü����9#�×:�����������¿©��� Rü��aü}�Ëü���ü��� Å��e���aü` ��¥���l���-���W·��¿�À�����È��¶����Bþ� ������~Á ��������&ÿ�������ÿ�ü�ýBü����W����¯¸©&ÿ��K©��� ����µ�¥���l���m '�dþ&ý������������¸���Â���¥ Rü��Vþl�m�Õ�������� !�!�����Ã����µ����� �������W·dü���ÿ�����ü��¥©l�Ëü`�����ü����� '��������� �� ·�Bÿ�ü���þ� ' �¯� d�����Ö :�����©��Bÿ����~#

Ä �á â2���J�w�r���äã?�����0Ývå#�«[�!�����/ÿ��xü` '�������¥�� Rü��&ý���Ö d�"������¥���l�:�:�aü`��§���� d�����©�� þ&ÿ��� '�����¿©��aü����� ���©��l¯���e��aüm '����� Rü` �Á7ü��¾üm ������ �����¥©&þ���/ÿ �¥���l�����Ëü��&ý§���� '�À�������¥�Ö���� ��ü����Òÿ���Ö�-ü��§��«ü£�l���/ý�ÿ��W�-���l���ü��§����Å d� þ��l¯¸��!������&ÿ"�-ü��9# Ò �������dþ&ý����e�¿�Ö�W¯�����·��/ÿ �À�Ö��l���¥������ÿ������Å�©&ÿ����ôü` ��Ö nü£�Vþl�`���ü����ª��e�����¿©��l¯� nü£�Õ�£�dý�¯¸���������&ÿ"�-ü��9Á��dÿ)��·������¥ ��Ö���}��©��dÿ���ü����¸�Õ��ü£�WÁw�����©&þ����/ÿ)�Â���l�����Ëü��&ý�Á7ü��(ýK�����/ÿ"�W��Á��[��ÿ"���� ¸þ� ����¥���aü���®��ÿ�ü���ü`���W����¯È��À��þ��rü��" �¯� ������� �� ÿ��K� �������¥©&þ��"�� ü£�K���W�e ��"����l©À�Bü����W#¿ãXü������dþ�� �����¥ �� ÿ þ���� þ&ÿ�¥���aü` ©&ÿ��·düm�l�� ÔÁ��!�)�!��þl�`���À����:��� ÿ����¥�����l��þ� ��düm ���l·���l�"�BýK�¾ü£���©�©&ÿ����K���aü��&ýÖ��©&ÿ����l�������� !�����¥©l����¶�� ������� �� ÿ"��ü£�����ª�!��ÿ"�§�K � ����ôüm�Õ��ü����9#Yu¸���l���` ¿����§�����ü ÿ¥ Rü��Vþl�`���ü����� ¿����%9dþaü`��®K��¯È©À�Bü����¿��þ���������[���� Rü��aü��êü���¯��Õ�w��¾ü`�l����Á��l���¥���� ��ôÿ"������������)9dþaü�·��W���������'����5�!�: ������Vü��&ý��¯���©�©��� nü£�&ý¸ü�����/ÿ�©&ÿ����"�� ü£�K�� �Á�����©&ÿ��·dü`�l�����¥©aü�ÿ�ü`���W����·�ü`�l�������¿���Ö þ�©�©���ÿ�����ÿ:�������Bþl���Ù�¿�������ÿ�¯�#

6 ��!��·��/ÿ�ÁW�����G9dþ��� ���ü����¥�Bÿ�ü` ��� ��K 9���'�:��� ��ü����w�l�� Rü�ý��Ö�Õ���¾ü��¥©l�����¥���l�-������ ��: Rü��Vþl�`���ü����� �#ë��4üm ������ �þ,;Ø�ôü����l�����Îÿ���£¯ �K�Å���K�¥©&þ����/ÿ� ��ôü�������ü` ��� 8�:���Ù���Õ���l�£��ü£�¿���/þ&ÿ��l ��ôü���������Á�����ÿ8���¿©� �¯����������ý�üm d�" �:���§������l���Oü��Ú���K�¥©&þ����/ÿ¥ ��ôü���������#­×§þ&ÿ¥���aü���®dü£�&ýª�lþ� d�������"�-ü�����ÿ����ª�9ÿ���� ����������������¨þ�©­��¯���/þ&ÿ��� �ôü£������������ª�9ÿ���� ����������©A�l��:�A�l¯È�����¥©&þ��"�Õ��ü������W�:��������ÿ�¯�# Ò �9þl���§ü�����/ý�ÿ"���ü����A�Õ�)������������� � ���ÿ�¯=�dü` ��ôü�©l�Ëü����� :��������K��������þ&ÿ���ü������dþ���ü����dü�·�ü`�aþ��W�` :����xý�ÿ��þ�©� ���l���)�������ü����Ëü£�&ýÂ���)�&ÿ üm�aýK������rý��Õ©��������!�����¸©� �¯������Õ�£�dý�¯�Á�����ý��aü���ü�·������/þ&ÿ��� ��ôü���������Á~����¸���K�¥©&þ����/ÿ) ��ôü���������#

Page 72: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

æ ±ç±ä´éè°êìë í æ

î ï ð ï ñ ò ¹ôóöõ î ÁÃÁ¡¹÷¼.Â�øçùöÂl¹�º

ï òçÁ%ùÃòìó

«�� ��ÿ"�l�/ÿ'���¥���� d�) �þ���³������" !��� ·��Bÿ ü£�dþ� :�!��ÿ"���K � ����ôüm�Õ��ü����¸�"�K �®� ÔÁ��Vý������/ÿ"���þ©&þ&ÿ�©À�� ��������Õ� �:�� !�l���·�������©À���Áþ� nü£�&ý�����=�:��Cú��!®�©&ÿ��ý�ÿ"��Â�Vü��&ý¥�`��&ý�þ���ý���#:�!����������ÁÀ®�����:���� Ôûýü�þ¸�W���£��) ������¿�����þ����Ëü����=�Â�����¥©l������� ��¶�©��/ÿ�ü��¥���l�§ü����= d©����ôü`�W�-�����¥�Ö�����-�����#-«M�:��ü����þ������¸�������ôÿ���w���� ©&ÿ��� ����l�"����ü���� ß ��ü£����/ÿ��dü` �©l�`�W¯dü£�&ýÂ�e�dÿ"�� 8·�ü` �þ����}��¯���ÿ�©l�`�W¯�ü��&ý¥ ���þ����o-����� �à�Áfÿ������ÿ"�¿�����' �þ���³������)�j �ÿ�� �©����� d�� �Á����µ©&ÿ��� ����l��ü��� �� ÿ þ�����ü����� Ô#!ã Ò � ü` §ýK�����/ÿ"�W� ������þ&ýK�¸������'�¿��ü`�l�Vÿ"��&ý�� �����¶�©��/ÿ�ü��¥���l�" ������À����Bÿ ÿ ü£���µ��þ��E9dþaü���� ���� Rü���¯¸��ü����Oü���#

�����/ÿ����Bÿ�� ���&ÿ��� ���� Rü`� �¥���l�� !���©&ÿ��� ����l�"�� ü£�K�9�:Í]ÉQÿ¥»5Ú�Á��»���»�ÚKÁ��Õ������½"É[Í[Í[»�¾~#�«�� ��ü��¥�����¥���l������!�!��ÿ"�� ��Bÿ�e©&ÿ�� ���������=��þ������Ö�� üm�����}��¯�ÁK�������Â�����:�düm d©l�m�W¯����Å�[��ÿþ� d©����ôü<-����¿�����&ý���¥��w� ü£�Â�:��ü�����¸ d©����ôü<-����¡ü������/ÿ·��W�:��:�l�`���®È ���ÿ�����È�À���5�!�����§�!��ÿ��� �#�«��­®���¯������¥���l��Á8�������e�dÿ"�� ¾ÿ����Ö�-ü��­��������¿ ���ÿ������+þ���� ü}�-����= �þ���³������ ©&ÿ��� � d�� )�®���¯�#'ãªÿ�ü�������� �¥���l��ü` �l�� Rü�ý������µ�[��ÿ'�����¥���� ��rü����:�aü`�� �þ���³������" :��ÿ��)�¸ÿ�ü���ü��&ý¥������ü�ÿÎÿ�� �©����� d�� �ÿ"������/ÿ!�����Õ�¸ �©����®dü��&ýÖ������¸#8«��)�W������) !����� ��¶�©��/ÿ ü£�Â�������/ÿ���¿�Ö�Bÿ®=����Îÿ��� d©����� �� � ü£�Â� �:�����Ö����� �þ���³������e�À�/ýBü��� !�§ÿ�ü���ü��&ýÖ�Õ���¥���xü��aü���ü`����������)©&ÿ�� ����������ü������������ ����¶��:�!��ÿ"���:����� ������ �þ���³�������-��aü` ����� ��§ÿ�ü���ü��&ý�#

/!�� d���§���ª�����Ö���� �®~Á ����Ö�¥���l��Á���������ü��Vü��&ý�Á-�Õ���§�:��������/ÿ=�dÿ������Àü£�Âüm Àü��A©&ÿ"����� üm�����¥���l��Áã Ò �2��ü���� ýK�����/ÿ"�����������dü` �©l�`�W¯¸�©�©&ÿ��K©&ÿ�ü`����¾ü��� �� ÿ þ���� ü£�K�� �#-«M�)�W�` ��Ö���}����) ��¥�� � ���ý��� !���������-ü������ü��Ø d��©��Bÿ"����V-����� ��� ��� �düm d©l�m�W¯����~#�å�©���®����»ÿ��� �©��K�� ��� Ä�Ö�W¯����¸ÿ�������ÿ"�l���xü���-����� ��:���� d�:���/ýBü����aü��&ý����ÿ ÿ���m�Õ���� :��ü£��¸������©&ÿ��� ����l�"���ü���� ��-�������!��ÿ������Ö�W������?��ü��Vü��&ýØ������þ&ÿ��������¥��ü����aü�����â)¥�� ����#�8��l��� C �þ��Â�Ö�Bÿ�ü?>��� ������ �[��ÿ��Ö�Õ�e�Õ�þ���������¶�©��/ÿ�ü��¥���l�������¥�Ö�Õ����������������W·�-ü��m�Õ�l�£�¿��©�� ü£�K�� �#-«M�ü` :���K©���� ������:ã Ò �2��ü}����©&ÿ��·�ü`�l�������=������ nüm d��������¯¸�������� � �Bÿ�¯����Ö�W������ �dü<+9�/ÿ����l�)��¶�©��/ÿ�ü��¥���l���/ÿ" ü��Ö�dü<+9�/ÿ������Ã�������� ü£�K�� ����rÿ þ��¥�����©��Bÿ"��l���:���� d�" �# Ò �·�Bÿ�ü���þ� 4ü��l���/ÿ��� ���ü��&ý�©���©&þl�`���ü����� Ä��~©����ü����l�"

��á

Page 73: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

&'(-(-+Ä;)B'3� &�0�¥&:* � *Ã%)+�Ú@!,:B?&�1�1w@ $835&:*þ3r@!;�*Ã+!1w*�+Ä, ���

���������������� � !"��#%$'&(��)+* ,.-/�10%2�3'45�768* )�9�&(�

:<;>=?=?��@BADCE;>F�=?��G0�� 68*H$JI�) -/9K3 ��-�*L950 M�NOI�#7P ,.-/� Q RKST�LUVRKW�XZY

[]\^G5_J;�@B�`Ha 3�-/I56 M50 bdc�e a>f%g R�h aTi R�jk+XdR�hB�LlTU/X i UVXL�d�LR(S gLf X f W+�nm`Hg o ��W>p+RKeqU/r f �Ll f R g p f%g R�h^S gLf X f W+�7���UVRKWsm` U�*t$'&(� u f�i �5v]hJR g �Ll�UVX i RKW�w a>f �t� f�f Wx�OR g p"Xnm`Hy *H$'&(� odf j R g p yKf�gLa � isgLf XLS>RKW�X f X1hzR g �Ll�UVX i RKWTw{�|hz� f%g S gLf X f W+�7���UVRKWsm` �]!�95*J} ~ f �LX1�Ll f p+U gf j �LR g vqh g RKe��dl�U'jlx��c�p"U/R�� iVf Xd�dU iVi�a>f S i �5v f pEm` S �d��c�X f XdXLS f j U'� i e f XLX ��w f Xd�LR gLf ��f j � �Ll����d�Ll�UVXdUVX���S g �Kj8�LU'j f � g U'� i m` � *t$'&(� ��W+� f%g X��LUVe f p]S gLf X f W+�7���LUVRKW�e�R�p f ��W�pqX f �X��l f p+UVXLS i �5v(�LUVe f m` k ��W+� f%g X�k f v f pqS gf X f W+� ���LUVR�Wxe�R�p f m` � ��W+� f%g X�� g UV�� f W gLf XLS>RKW�X f eqR"p f m

� �Õ�l�£� C �!å�þ��¥���Bÿ�¯��� ã§��ÿ�� Ò � d���ôü`���ü������9�� d���/ÿ)�����¥������� �#

�Bÿ���9dþaü����rÿ"�Bÿ��������Bÿ�� ��������/ÿ����Oý�����ý�ÿ��©��aü`���W���£¯�ÁÀ��������aü��Ëü���¯���à d��·��/ÿ"�W�~�`��� !����������m�Õ����ÿ"�Õ��� ����¥ Rü��&ý������¶�©À�/ÿ�ü��¥����� �!��þl�`���À������ ÿ����¥�����l�dþ� !·��W��þ���#

Page 74: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

æ ±ç±ä´éè°êìë í �

� � ø ½0¿ øìùöÂ0º � ù�ñ ò � ¸ � � óÃò³ò

î ÁÃÁ¡¹ ¼¾Â�øìùöÂV¹»º � � � ¹ ù�ñ òìÁÃÂ�Á

Ò ��dü` ���þ� � ����¡ü��Så�������ü���� C #���#j��Á"û4ü��K>����=�W��#?�j ß â D�D �là� d� þ��l¯+ÿ���·����W�����ª�������z�¦)â�Á8� C�D �[¯K���Bÿ��[��`��Ö�W���'�`�W�:¯��/ÿ!�:���¥ �þ,+9�/ÿ����Â�9ÿ���� ����Ö�Bý��'���¿�����rÿ�ü�ý��l�:���/ÿ����������`�Bÿ'�����Vü` �©����/ÿ���ÁÀ�:�� Ä©��Bÿ���ü`��þl�`�Bÿ���¯ü��¥©��-ü�ÿ����¤�Õ�¸������ �� ÿ"��ü£�����S�!��ÿ"�2�� ����ôü`�� ü£�K�9#Ïz�¦)â�©&ÿ����aþ������¤�ª�`�Bÿ ý����aþ��=�À�/ÿ����ü�������ÿôÿ�������gÿ��� �©À���� ��� �����­�:�� ¿�����¥��l�������§�l��·�������©2 ����/ÿ�������¯l©����Mÿ��� d©����� ��� Â��ÿ¥��+ü��¥©&ÿ��·����aü` �ÿ��������ü������ü��¥� �W�[���/ÿ�ÿ���©����Õ�����¥�ôÿ�ü`�W�` ����¥����Ù ��Õ�¥�) ���ü��Vþl��þ� Ã�êü` ��W#-�!�aü` ���¶�©��/ÿ�ü��¥���l��ü` �©&ÿ ü£���Bÿ�ü���¯Ø���������/ÿ�������ü����¸����Bÿ"������/ÿ�ü?>�ü£�&ý������ ©������/ÿ��� Ä�� �aü` ¸ÿ��� �©��K�� ��� #ü��¸����� ���K©��� !�����Õ�e��aüm ��Ö�W¯�ÿ���·K���W�9�����rÿ�����©l�`�W¯������l¯Ö����¾ü£�l�"�����'���/ÿ�����������þ�� �aþ&ÿ�ü��&ýOþ���©&ÿ"������ü`����� ������ �� ÿ"��ü£����� �� � ����ôü`���ü����9#

Ø�©��K�Kü��aü���ü`�W��ü��� �©�������ü�������Gz�¦)â �j #ÿ��� �©��K�� ��� �Á�ü£� �©�©À���Bÿ" '�� #ü��e�����Ö�W¯Ö���W·�� �À�����(þ���®l����:�ü��&ý��¯¿©��/ÿ��[��ÿ��Vü��&ý'�9ÿ����e�K � ����ôüm�Õ��ü����9#8«[�w��aüm 8�!�/ÿ��Ä�����:���� ���Á-ü����!��þl�`�Àü£���dü`�����:������8�����e���/ÿ����������þ��©l�`�W¯� ����ÿ þ��ôü`�W��ÿ�����xü��È��©��� d���[©&ÿ������� � Rü��&ýÆ ����Bý��¿�:�aü`���­�©�©l�Ëü£�� ������Ö������ d� ÿ"�-ü��l��#��!�aþ� �Á7ü��§©��/ÿ��[��ÿ��Vü��&ý§������ �� ÿ��-ü������A�� � ����ôü`���ü����9Á������¸ d¯� ����� �!��þl�`�ª©&ÿ����aþ����¸�Áÿ�� �©����� d��·�ü`�§�«ý������/ÿ�ü`�Â�9ÿ������ � d���ôü`���ü��&ýA�¥���aþl���Ú�Õ�Ö�:�aü`��¤©���ü£�l�¸ ����Â�Æ©À�� ����[©&ÿ������ � nü£�&ý2 ��"�BýK�Kü���·K���·�ü��&ý²���� ���/ÿ����������þ���!��þl�`�­���� �þ&ÿ�� ������¿�����Kÿ��� �©À���� ��������l�v�dÿ��Ö ����§�����¸ d�"������­������ �� ÿ��-ü�����#­«q�������Kÿ��� �©À���� ����!�/ÿ��ü�������ÿ ÿ������WÁ����aü` �©��� ���[©&ÿ������� Rü��&ý d¯� ����� �!��þl�`�È d�����È ��K�¥�¥�[��ÿ�� ��:�/ÿ ÿ���ÿ¿ Rü�ý����W�!�:�aü`���A�!��þl�`����Bþ� �� �����©&ÿ������� � !���� ��"�Bÿ��:�W�9ÿ��� ��9#

6 ��!��·��/ÿ�Á~���aü` ���������ÿ�¯«ÿ����Ëü��� ¿���§�����Å�q�������������z�¦)â��{ ¾ÿ��� �©��K�� ��� �� ÿ þl��¯+ÿ��� ����¿�l���¥�9ÿ������� � �����ôü`���ü����9#§�!���� Rü��¥©l���� ����:��¯���� ���� ������aü` ¿�!��þl�`�§�À�����¸���W·��Yz�¦)âÂ� ÿ������� � d���ôü`�������� �����Ø ��¥��!��ÿ"�Ø�êü` ��� rþ� ����µ�[��ÿ �����¥������ �� ÿ��-ü������¸���� �®� )���� ���Ø���K�¥©��Bÿ��������Vÿ��� �þl���" �#!Ø:�l�[��ÿ��ôþ����������¯�Á{z�¦)â

��Ö÷Wð5ò[ð-ñÃò[ð�ûC��ÿ�è�û[ðÃójû9ü�ÿ"èWû]ójý�ð�ò[ð�ý¥ì�î�����L�]êL�%�ró F�ójøwýWÿ�ð�û9è�ÿ�ø9û�ñø]ójû�FtH�ø[÷�ð8û[ø�ñ�ø[ð�ý'ü5ÿ�è�û[ø[ò�ñdójè�ø�õ�ö9÷Ôójü�÷�õ�F�ÿ"òÀójèWû[ø�ñ�èWü5ð�õBÄójô"÷�ø8ò[ð ��ú�ójò[ðÄø[÷�ñø9ø[÷�ð�ò[ð�ûC�ÿ"èWû[ð!è�ñdBeð-ñÄü�ñø[ð5ô�ÿ�òCH)ö9÷Ôójü�÷ ü�ÿ�è�ø�ñ�ójèWû ø[÷Wð�û[ø]óIB-ú�ïjúWû�ö~ÿ"ò[ý ��lÛ

Page 75: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

&'(-(-+Ä;)B'3���'0¸+¡ �&'7:68&:*835;¿<Ý*�%'+², $ ¢(£�,:+Ä+2& 1�1w@ $83�&:*83r@!; %¥¤Ä()@ *Ã%)+�1�3�1 ��Ü

ü` ���µ�£�K�&ý��/ÿ=�W�Ëü�·��� ������aü` ¿�©�©&ÿ����K���«ü` ������ ©��� Rü��l�£��# Ò � ÿ��� �þl����Á8�!�Å��ÿ��¿�[��ÿ"�������������®��¿������¥��ÿ�)�dü<;Ø��þl���Òÿ��þ����:�� �����©��Bÿ�ü��&ý�z�¦)â��{ Wÿ��� �©��K�� ��� Ä��ü����¥������ d�:��9����ÿ��Ö���w�������ôÿ���` �©À�/ÿ��v�dÿ��Vü��&ý�9ÿ����Æ�� ����ôü`�� ü£�K�9#²«q��z:¦'â¦�-»Ô½d»Â©��/ÿ��[��ÿ��Âü£�&ýª�9ÿ����Æ�� ����ôü`�� ü£�K�9Á!�������²�����/ÿ�¸��þ&ý��l�¥���ª���Æ d���¥�����ÿ ÿ���m�Õ��ü����¸�À���5�!�������aü` ¸ÿ��� �©��K�� ��� )�Õ���������� �� �������ÿ����W��Ál� ÿ������ � ����ôü`���ü��&ýÖ �þ���³������" �#

Ê �5Å § �Ã�9�����!��!�����e�dÿ"���� � ����ôü`���ü�������¶�©��/ÿ�ü��¥���l�" '©À�/ÿ��v�dÿ��¥�����l¯Kû4ü£�K>����Ù���q#Ä�!�/ÿ��rÿ�����ÿ����Õ�����Oþ� Rü��&ý������ ã Ò �©&ÿ���ýdÿ"��Óÿ þ����aü��&ýÖ�K�¸���å�´)«Ä«����l¯¸�����¥©&þ���/ÿ�#��!������¶�©��/ÿ�ü��¥���l�'���K e���K���aþ���������������&ÿ���� �Ö�W��� �þ���³������" !�����_ÿ��dþ&ý��l��¯��Ö��"������Yz�¦)â'�[��ÿ)�Bý�� ß á���Á�á�âKÁ������á��¥���K�¥©��Bÿ����µ��ü���� C�D ��á���[��ÿEz�¦)âà�����¯K���Bÿ" ���e���aþ����� ü£�K� ß � �Á�â�Ü�Á9�����������K�¥©��Bÿ�������ü£��ÚâÕÛ¿�v��ÿ�z�¦)âÕà"#=�����Ö �þ���³������" '��ü����e�À�®l�������È�� '�����(¨�½�»"»�Î�ʾwÍ]½�Ê�Ç{Ì)�dÿ= Rü��¥©l��¯²Î�ʾwÍ]½�Ê�Ç{Ì�Á~�:���/ÿ����� xû4ü��K>¥���=�W��#?�{ '���&ÿ����Ö�����l� ÿ��Õ�e �þ���³������" ��ü����þ�À��®l���� �K !�����¥¾~ʽ5ÿżKÇjÌ�#

�����Ö-Cÿ" d�= �������ü����A�Õ������Ö��¶�©��/ÿ�ü��¥���l�Vü��l·����·����­�������!��ÿ"� �êü` ��� �9ÿ���� ���&ÿ�������Îû4ü��K>����=���q# �j ÿ þl�����[���� ���� ý������/ÿ"�� ü£�K�¸�"�� d®� ������ ÿ�ü��&þ���� Ñ ý������/ÿ"�Õ��ü����9Á�������/ý���ÿ¯_ý������/ÿ����ü����9Á������ d¯������l¯l��ý�������/ÿ"�� ü£�K�9#¸�!���¥�!��ÿ"�� Ù� ÿ��� ������ d�¿�Ëüm d�" ¿�!�/ÿ���ÿ"�Õ���l���¿��¯È�dü` �� ÿ�ü��&þ������¡ü��l���¸��&ÿ����Ö�����/�Ëüm d�" ¿��)���!��ÿ"�� !���K��� ü£� ��ÿ"�l�/ÿ'���Ö�W·��Bü`���������5+9�����" !��-©&ÿ��� d�����"�Õ��ü�������ÿ"�l�/ÿ�#'å�þ���³5�����" ��e�/ÿ�=�� �®K�������¥©��/ÿ��[��ÿ��¬� ÿ����!�� � ����ôü`���ü��������¥�W���� �� ü£�Vþl�Ëü�©&ÿ��� ����l�����~#�û���������ü��&ý �5�!�:©&ÿ�������ü`���!� ÿ�ü`�W�` 8���=�Õ�=Ü�[�!��ÿ"�Ù�Ëüm d��Á �þ���³������" Ã�e�/ÿ�:©&ÿ��� ����l�����Â��ü����Ö��&ÿ����)�l������®� Ä��9������¥��9�����'���&ÿ������êü` ��� �#-¹-�K���¥�!��ÿ��Vÿ����Ö�-ü������Â��������¿ ���ÿ������Áþ��l��ü��������� �þ���³������)���K�Oÿ��� �©��K���l���¸��Vü��Ù����µ©&ÿ��� � ���� �¿®���¯�#�û���������ü��&ý¸��â�#já¿ ������K���ü�����/ÿ�·��W���aþ&ÿ�ü��&ýÖ�:�aü`��¸�����¿ ���ÿ��������:�� !®K��©��:�l�`���®wÁ�����������¶��:�!��ÿ"�Â�:�� !©&ÿ��� ����l�����~#

�����Æ ����������2 ������ ü£�K�Gü���·K���·����2������ ���¥� C �[�!��ÿ"�ª�Ëü` ��Kþ� ����S�l¯Xû4ü£�K>������W��#¤���ª���� ���·��/ÿ��ý������/ÿ"�Õ��ü����9# Ò ý��-ü��9Á� �þ���³������" !�!�/ÿ����K �®����������9ÿ������� � ����ôü`�����Á�����!��·��/ÿ!���aü` !��ü��¥������� �!��ÿ"�� Ä�!�/ÿ���dü` �©l�`�W¯����2�Bþ������Ö�Õ��ü`���W���£¯2��Ö�¡ÿ"���� �� ��������·��/ÿ�¯A��#j�­ ����������� �Á:�� Â�:�� ¥�l�����«ü��2�����¸�dÿ�ü�ýBü����W���¶�©��/ÿ�ü��¥���l��#¿�!�!�Ö�l������®� ��-����Å ��¥�¥Ü�[�!��ÿ"�µ©&ÿ"������ü`���¿�Ëü` �� �!�/ÿ��VýBü�·����9Á~�[�������e��� �l¯Æ�Â�l�����®� �������� ·��/ÿ����Ëü` ���#æ ©9ïjø[÷Wÿ"úWô"÷�ø[÷�ð'ý�ð�û[ü�ò]óI��ø]ójÿ�è�ÿªFENMñ�ø[ø[ò]óI�Wú�ø[ð ô�ð5èWð�ò�ñ�ø]ójÿ�è)O¿ôójù"ð�è�ø[ÿ¥ª�«�¬)ñè�ý�ø[÷�ð:èWÿ"òCB:ñdïjû)ñ�ûCL�ð�ýÖF�ÿ�ò-ðMójø[÷�ð�ò)ñN ��÷KH�û]ójü�ñ�ï,��ñò[ø�ÿªF�ø[÷Wð~öwÿ�ò[ý�õ�ÿ"òÀû[ÿ�B!ð�ø[÷�ójèWôlB!ÿ�ò[ðÓñd��û[ø[ò�ñü�ø�õ OV��ÿ�ø[÷!ÿªF�ø[÷Wðwð ¬�ñdB���ïjð�û~ø[÷�ðH-ö~ð�ò[ðv��ò[ð�û[ð�è�ø[ð5ý!ýWð5û[ü�ò]óI�ð�ý��÷KH�û]ójü�ñdï{��ñò[ø[û-ñ�û8ÿ����ÿ"û[ð�ý¿ø[ÿ0B!ÿ"ò[ð:ñd��û[ø[ò�ñü�øp�Wò[ÿ��ð�ò[ø]ójð�û�<© ïjø[÷�ÿ�ú�ô�÷¥ñ�èYN�ñø[ø[ò]óI��úWø[ð�O'ójû�ô�ð�è�ð�ò�ñdïVïIH�ø[÷�ÿ�ú�ô�÷�ø-ÿdFÓñû

ñè)ñ�ý�­[ð5ü�ø]ójù�ð�ü�÷ñ�ò�ñü�ø[ð5ò]ó�®MójèWô)û[ÿ5B!ð5ø[÷Ôójè�ôWõ�ójø ø[÷�ú�û9ñª���ðdñò[û9ø[÷ñ�øB¯Kójð ®�ð�øÓñdï?��ójè�ø[ð�è�ýWð�ýÕN�ñø[ø[ò]óI��úWø[ð�O!ø[ÿVBeð�ñè�N ��ñò[øCO)�A9÷Wð ò[ð5ûC�ÿ�è�û[ð�û'ÿªF-ø[÷Wð è�ÿ�òCB�ñdïjû�ójè�ý�ójü�ñø[ð¿ø[÷�ñø:ø[÷�ðH¿ójè�ø[ð�òC��ò[ð�ø[ð�ý�ójø'û]óIB-óVï}ñò]ïIH5�3A9÷�ð�ò[ð�F�ÿ"ò[ð�õ~ójè�ÿ�ò[ý�ð�ò:ø[ÿ¿ò[ðB:ñ�ójèü�ÿ"èWû]ójû[ø[ð�è�ø-ö~ójø[÷�¯Kójð7®�ð5ø�ñdï?�jõ¢NMñø[ø[ò]óI��ú�ø[ðO ö~óVïVï~û[ú)�Wû[ð7��úWð�è�ø]ïIHÖ�ðeúWû[ð�ý�ûCH�è�ÿ�èKHKB!ÿ"úWû]ïIH¿ö~ójø[÷8NC�ñ�ò[øCO ñ�èWý�ø[÷Wðeø[ð�òCBNqý�ð�û[ü�ò]óI��ø]ójù�ð)ñ�ý�­[ð5ü�ø]ójù�ðO:ö~óVïVï ��ðÄû[ø�ñ�ø[ð�ý'ð ¬K��ïVójüMójø]ïIH�ö9÷Wð�è ø[÷�ñø~ójû ö ÷�ñø�ójû ójè�ø[ð�è�ýWð5ý �

Page 76: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

&'(-(-+Ä;)B'3���'0¸+¡ �&'7:68&:*835;¿<Ý*�%'+², $ ¢(£�,:+Ä+2& 1�1w@ $83�&:*83r@!; %¥¤Ä()@ *Ã%)+�1�3�1 � D

°1±E\B� ²����5³�F�_J\�Gn_J;�@ ´¶µE��=?\�·z�Xc aK¸ f j �U yKf]yKf%ga � y�f%gLa hzR g �dl�U'jl¥�l f �OR g p�j%��W¹��j �<��Xd�Ll f Xc aK¸ f j � p"RKw(º a � g kR aK¸ f j �U y�f�yKf�gLa � y�f%gLa hzR g �dl�U'jl¥�l f �OR g p�j%��W¹��j �<��Xd�Ll f R aK¸ f j � � gLf%f º»j i U/e a��p ¸ f j �U yKf ��Wx�Kp ¸ f j �U y�f �dl�U'jLlqW���e f Xd�]S g R�S f%g �tv�R�h^�l f �OR g p aTi ��W�k f ��º¼��� g eS�� g � ��Wx���� g U a c�� f R g j8RKe�S>RKW f W+�½R�h^�Ll f �½R g p w�c�Wxº¼� g U/w�w f%g�dl�R iVf ��lTR i RKW+v+e¿¾�Utm f mB���dl�R iVf R�h��dl�U'jl¥�l f �OR g p(UVX��]S�� g � � g UVwKw f%g º¼wKcTWj%��� f w�R g v ��j���� f wKR g v��dl�U'jLlxj R�W+�7��UVW�XO�Ll f �½R g p p"RKw(º»S f �f À�f eqS i � g ��e f e a>f%g R�h^�l f j%��� f wKR g v�W���e f p a v(�l f �OR g p S f � º»p+RKwXv�WTRKW+v+e XLR�e f �l�UVW�w��dUV�Ll�XLUVeqU i � g e f ��WTU/WTw��LR(�l f �OR g p j8RKW�X f%gLy�f º»X � yKf��W��RKW+v+e XLR�e f �l�UVW�w��dUV�Ll�RKSTS�R�XLUV� f e f ��W�UVW�w��R(�Ll f �OR g p j8RKW�X f%gLy�f º»�d��X� f�Ll f R�S�S�R�XLUVW�w(e f e a�f�g R�hB�(j RKW�j f S��Lc>� i S>��U g l+c�X a ��W>p¥º¼�dUÁh fS�� g � i/iVf%i XLR�e f �l�UVW�w��dUV�Ll�XLUVeqU i � g �tv+S f ��W>p¥p f w gf%f ��Xd�l f �½R g p k+W�UVw�l��dº a UVXLlTRKShzR iVi R��dUVW�w ��WTRKc�W��dl�U'jl�e�UVwKl+��hzR iVi R��D�l f �½R g pqUVW¥�]X f W�� f W�j f a>f%f º¼lTU y�fS gf j f p"U/WTw XLR�e f �l�UVW�w��dl�U'jlxj%��W a>f S gLf j f p f p a v��l f �½R g p lTU y�f º a�f%fR��Ll f%g W�RKcTW ��WTRKc�W��dl�U'jlxp+R f X�W�R��Bht� iVi UVW��R{��W+v�p f ��W f pxj i ��XX Xv+e�S�l�R�W+v{ºÂe(c�XLU'jR��Ll f%g �Kp ¸8f j �LU y�f ��Wx�Kp ¸ ms�dlTUÃjlxp+R f XdW�R��OhH� iVi UVW+�LR(��W+v�p f �>W f pxj i ��XLX eqRKW f v�º g U'jlR��Ll f%g1yKf%ga � y�f%gLa �dl�U'jLlxp+R f XdWTRK�OhH� i/i UVW+�LR���W+v�p f ��W f pxj i ��XLX a>f%f º¼XS f�i/iW�R gf XLS>RKWTX f bdR gf XLS>RKW�X f �d��XdwKU y�f W

�8��l���=á��-�įl©��� !�dÿ)��`�� � ��� !�Õ� ÿ��� d©����� ����!��ÿ"�� �#

Ê � Ñ ã?�l� ¡���� �?�Ù���ÅÄ �ª�vÎÄ¡��v�~��� ��!���¥ ���ü��Vþl�Ëü-�!�/ÿ��¿��ÿ ý���aü?>����µ�[��ÿ�����W��¯� Rü` '���� �������� �����¿�!��ÿ"�µ�Ëüm d�'� ÿ��K���:�aü`����������¯ ��ÿ�ü�ýBü����W����¯�l�/ÿ�ü�·����~#'�!�fþ� ÔÁ��:�����¸�!�¿ �©����®��Õ�þ�����YS� �¯l�����l¯�� �Ëü` ���T�Á��[��ÿ:��¶���¥©l����Á7ü��Îÿ���v�/ÿ" ����¥������ d���!��ÿ"�� �[��ÿ �:�aü`���¶z:¦'â¥����������¥���dÿ��Ö�W�` '�!�/ÿ��¥�� �®���� ���KýK�����/ÿ"����¥ �¯l�����l¯��Ö Ô#¥¹-�������e�����»ÿ��� �©��K�� ��� ýBü�·����A�l¯È����¸�������ôÿ���` �Á�z:¦'â�Á-����­���������dÿ��Ö�W�` ¿�:�� ¿��`�� � Rü<-����¤ü�����§��������=âW����¯�©À�� �#A�!���� ����`�� � ��� Ä�Bÿ��!�Ëü` ������Âü��Ö�8��l���Ùá�# «��! �����þl�`�¥�À�:���������Å����������K���Ö �þ���³�������ü�·��)�Õ���¿����³�������ü�·��:·��/ÿ�� ��Bÿ�����/ý��W�2ÿ��� �©À���� ��� #ü�� �����)·K�/ÿ��Ký������/ÿ"�� ü£�K���"�� �®~# �!����¯��Bÿ�� ����W��¯,>����¸ ���©���ÿ"�������¯�Á������dþ&ý��9Á��� Ä�����/ÿ���Ö�W¯¥·��/ÿ¯¥�!���}�8�����dü<+9�/ÿ�������©&ÿ������� ��� #ü���·K���·����Oü��ÁýK�����/ÿ"���ü��&ý¿������ �� ���!�¿�5¯l©��� Ä��-�� � d���ôü`�����#8«M��������v���2���� ��� Ä�:���/ÿ�� ��`�� � Rü<-w���� ü£�K�� !�!�/ÿ��Ù�Õ�=�aü�ý�þ��dþ� �Á������'�¥�� d��ÿ����� d������l���)�K©���ü����Ö�:�� Ä�����l ����9#�!���� ��¿�l���ôü` Rü����� :�!�/ÿ�� ®K��©��)������ Rü` ������l� ����ÿ��� � ! �þ���³5�����" Ô#

�����Îÿ��� þl�£�� !�� �����¾ÿ��� �©À���� ���������£¯� Rü` :�Bÿ�Ù�dü` �©l�`�W¯����»ü��Áû4ü�ý�þ&ÿ��� â C ���&ÿ��þ&ý��Ö��âK# û4ü�ý�þ&ÿ�� â C Áâ���Á!â�Ü�Áþ�Õ���È�� �����l�"�-ü��È����Ø�dü` �� ÿ ü£�&þ�� ü£�K�A��Îÿ��� �©À���� ��� ¿����ÿ��l � ������â�� ��m�K � ��� ��v�dÿ=���K���§�Õ�)����� �þ���³�������ý�ÿ���þ�©� !����Â�[��ÿÄ���������Õ�Ó���� �e�dÿ"���Ëü` ��" �#Ä«��#ü` #ü��¥©��dÿ��"��l�!����®�����©Oü����Vü������:�����¸���K�� Rü`�l��/ÿ�ü��&ý�������ÿ��� þl�£�� '������:����������ÿ��Ö���m �����8z�¦)â��!�/ÿ���©À�/ÿ��v�dÿ��Vü��&ýØ���K�� �� ÿ"�-ü������ �� � ����ôü`���ü����¸���aü}��������¥�����l� ÿ���` ��!�/ÿ���©À�/ÿ��v�dÿ��Vü��&ý��9ÿ����=�K � ����ôüm�Õ��ü����9#��!���o-Cÿ" ��'���aü��&ý��!�¿��ü��}�-���K��ü`����ü��§����lÿ�� �þl���" ü` ������������_ÿ��� d©����� ��� Å��:�����Ö���dÿ��Ö�W�` �!�/ÿ��������Bÿ���¯§©À�/ÿ��[������Á���¶�����©��=©À�/ÿ����©� ��[��ÿ¿ ����¥�¥�Õ�)�����

Page 77: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

&'(-(-+Ä;)B'3���'0¸+¡ �&'7:68&:*835;¿<Ý*�%'+², $ ¢(£�,:+Ä+2& 1�1w@ $83�&:*83r@!; %¥¤Ä()@ *Ã%)+�1�3�1 Û�

subj

. ver

b

obj.

verb

adje

ctiv

e

part

who

le

cate

gory

exem

plar

syno

nym

anto

nym

para

llel

follo

win

g

prec

edin

g

othe

r no

un

othe

r ve

rb

othe

r ad

j.

no r

esp.

Response Type

Free Controls

RC1

Normals0

10

20

30

40

50

60R

espo

nse

Per

cent

age

û4ü�ý�þ&ÿ�¥â C �lW¸ü` �� ÿ ü£�&þ�� ü£�K�¸���ÿ��� �©À���� ��� !���Â����� �!��ÿ"�� !��������ÕS�·��/ÿ��UT��Ëü` ���#

Response Type

Per

cent

age

Of

All

Non

-Tar

get

Res

pons

es

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

adje

ctiv

e

part

who

le

cate

gory

exem

plar

syno

nym

anto

nym

para

llel

follo

win

g

prec

edin

g

othe

r no

un

othe

r ve

rb

othe

r ad

j.

no r

esp.

Free Controls

RC1

Æ.Ç'È�ÉEÊ�Ë¿ÌKÍEÎdÏ�ÇzÐ Ñ%Ê8ÇÃÒEÉEÑ8ÇÃÓTÔÕÓ+ÖdÔEÓ�ÔE×tØ�Ë�Ê%Ò?Ê�ËKÐ ÙsÓ�ÔsÐ8ËKÐ�Ñ%Ó�Ñ%ÚEË(Û Ó�ÊnÜEÐ1Ó�ÔÕÑ�ÚEË¿Ý5Ø�Ë�Ê%ÒsÞ¡ßVÇzÐ ÑKà

Page 78: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

á]â�â�ã1ä�å]æ���]çÕã¡ èá]é�êOá�ëOæ7ä�ìíëdî]ãðï(ñ ¢(£dï�ã1ãòá(óEó^ô(ñOæ á�ëOæ|ô äõ1â�ô(ë¶î�ãöó�æ%ó ÷ Ì

subj

. ver

b

obj.

verb

adje

ctiv

e

part

who

le

cate

gory

exem

plar

syno

nym

anto

nym

para

llel

follo

win

g

prec

edin

g

othe

r no

un

othe

r ve

rb

othe

r ad

j.

no r

esp.

Response Type

Free Controls

RC1

Normals0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90R

espo

nse

Per

cent

age

Æ.Ç'È�ÉEÊ%ËøÌKùEÎdÏ�ÇzÐ Ñ%Ê Ç'ÒEÉEÑ Ç'Ó�Ô�Ó+Ö�Ê�ËKÐ ÙsÓ�ÔsÐ8ËKÐ�Ñ%Ó�Ñ%ÚEËqÛ Ó�ÊnÜEÐ1Ó�Ô?Ñ%ÚEË?Ý�ú+Ñ%Ñ%Ê8ÇÃÒEÉEÑ�ËKÞ(ßVÇzÐ ÑKà

Response Type

Per

cent

age

Of

All

Non

-Tar

get

Res

pons

es

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

subj

. ver

b

obj.

verb

adje

ctiv

e

who

le

cate

gory

exem

plar

syno

nym

anto

nym

para

llel

follo

win

g

prec

edin

g

othe

r no

un

othe

r ve

rb

othe

r ad

j.

no r

esp.

Free Controls

RC1

Æ.Ç'È�ÉEÊ%ËøÌ ÷ ÎdÏ�ÇzÐ Ñ%Ê Ç'ÒEÉEÑ Ç'Ó�Ô�Ó+Ö�ÔEÓTÔE×Lú+Ñ%Ñ%Ê Ç'ÒEÉEÑ%Ë(Ê�ËKÐ ÙsÓ�ÔsÐ8ËKÐ�Ñ%Ó�Ñ%ÚEË(Û Ó�ÊnÜEÐ1Ó�ÔÕÑ�ÚEË¿Ý�ú+Ñ%Ñ%Ê8ÇÃÒEÉEÑ�ËKÞ(ßVÇzÐ ÑKà

Page 79: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

á]â�â�ã1ä�å]æû��]çÕã¡ èá]é�êOá�ëOæ7ä�ìíëdî]ãðï(ñ ¢(£dï�ã1ãòá(óEó^ô(ñOæ á�ëOæ|ô äõ1â�ô(ë¶î�ãöó�æ%ó ÷�ü

subj

. ver

b

obj.

verb

adje

ctiv

e

part

who

le

cate

gory

exem

plar

syno

nym

anto

nym

para

llel

follo

win

g

prec

edin

g

othe

r no

un

othe

r ve

rb

othe

r ad

j.

no r

esp.

Response Type

Free Controls

RC1

Normals0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90R

espo

nse

Per

cent

age

Æ.Ç'È�ÉEÊ%ËxÌKýþÎ�Ï�ÇzÐ Ñ%Ê Ç'ÒEÉEÑ Ç'Ó�Ô�Ó+Ö�Ê�ËKÐ ÙsÓ�ÔsÐ8ËKÐ Ñ%ÓxÑ%ÚEË(Û Ó�Ê5ÜEÐ Ó�Ô?Ñ%ÚEË¿Ý�ÿ�ú"Ñ%Ë�È�Ó�Ê��EÞ¡ßVÇ Ð8ÑKà

Response Type

Per

cent

age

Of

All

Non

-Tar

get

Res

pons

es

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

subj

. ver

b

obj.

verb

adje

ctiv

e

part

who

le

exem

plar

syno

nym

anto

nym

para

llel

follo

win

g

prec

edin

g

othe

r no

un

othe

r ve

rb

othe

r ad

j.

no r

esp.

Free Controls

RC1

Æ.ÇÃÈTÉEÊ%ËxÌ��EÎ�Ï�ÇzÐ Ñ�Ê Ç'ÒEÉEÑ Ç'Ó�ÔÕÓ+ÖdÔEÓ�ÔE×Lÿ�ú+Ñ�Ë�È�Ó�Ê��xÊ�ËKÐ ÙsÓ�ÔsÐ8ËKÐ�Ñ%Ó�Ñ%ÚEË(Û Ó�ÊnÜEÐ1Ó�ÔÕÑ�ÚEË¿Ý�ÿ�ú+Ñ%Ë�È�ÓTÊ��èÞ{ßVÇ Ð8ÑKà

Page 80: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

á]â�â�ã1ä�å]æû��]çÕã¡ èá]é�êOá�ëOæ7ä�ìíëdî]ãðï(ñ ¢(£dï�ã1ãòá(óEó^ô(ñOæ á�ëOæ|ô äõ1â�ô(ë¶î�ãöó�æ%ó ÷ �

subj

. ver

b

obj.

verb

adje

ctiv

e

part

who

le

cate

gory

exem

plar

syno

nym

anto

nym

para

llel

follo

win

g

prec

edin

g

othe

r no

un

othe

r ve

rb

othe

r ad

j.

no r

esp.

Response Type

Free Controls

RC1

Normals0

10

20

30

40

50

60R

espo

nse

Per

cent

age

Æ.Ç'È�ÉEÊ�Ë ü�� Î�Ï�ÇzÐ Ñ%Ê8ÇÃÒEÉEÑ8ÇÃÓTÔÕÓ+ÖdÊ%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÐ ËKÐ Ñ%Ó�Ñ%ÚEË(Û Ó�ÊnÜEÐ Ó�Ô?Ñ�ÚEË¿Ý�Ð��>ÔEÓ�Ô���¿ÞqßVÇzÐ ÑKà

Response Type

Per

cent

age

Of

All

Non

-Tar

get

Res

pons

es

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

subj

. ver

b

obj.

verb

adje

ctiv

e

part

who

le

cate

gory

exem

plar

anto

nym

para

llel

follo

win

g

prec

edin

g

othe

r no

un

othe

r ve

rb

othe

r ad

j.

no r

esp.

Free Controls

RC1

Æ.Ç'È�ÉEÊ�Ë ü Ì�ÎdÏ�ÇzÐ Ñ%Ê8ÇÃÒEÉEÑ8ÇÃÓTÔÕÓ+ÖdÔEÓ�ÔE×LÐ��>ÔEÓ�Ô���íÊ�ËKÐ ÙsÓ�ÔsÐ8ËKÐ�Ñ%Ó�Ñ%ÚEË(Û Ó�ÊnÜEÐ1Ó�ÔÕÑ�ÚEË¿Ý�Ð��>ÔEÓ�Ô���¿Þ¡ßVÇzÐ ÑKà

Page 81: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

á]â�â�ã1ä�å]æû��]çÕã¡ èá]é�êOá�ëOæ7ä�ìíëdî]ãðï(ñ ¢(£dï�ã1ãòá(óEó^ô(ñOæ á�ëOæ|ô äõ1â�ô(ë¶î�ãöó�æ%ó ÷�

Ð��>ÔEÓ�Ô���íÛ Ó�Ê5ÜEÐ�à��LÔÕÑ�ÚEË(Ñ%ÚEÊ%Ë�Ë(Ó�Ñ%ÚEË�Ê�Ñnú�Ð� EÐ�������Ì(ÙEÊ%ÓEÜ>Ésÿ5ËKÜ��¿ú+Ô���xÓ�Ê%Ë]Ç'Ôsÿ5Ó�Ê�Ê%ËKÿ5Ñ�Ê�ËKÐ ÙsÓ�ÔsÐ8ËKÐ�à� ÔEËqÑ%Ú>Ç'ÔEÈ¿Ñ�Úsú+Ñ ÇzÐ�Ë�ØTÇzÜ>Ë�Ô�Ñ�ÖtÊ%Ó��íÑ%ÚEË(Ê�ËKÐ ÙsÓ�ÔsÐ8ËKÐ�Ó+ÖdÑ%ÚEË�ÿ5Ó�Ô�Ñ�Ê%Ó+ßzÐ1ÇzÐ�Ñ�Úsú+Ñ�Ñ%ÚEË(Û Ó�ÊnÜ�ßVÇzÐ ÑnÐ�Û Ë�Ê%Ë

Ð Ó���Ë�Û�Úsú+Ñ(Ò>Çzú�Ð ËKÜDÑ�Ó�Û�ú+Ê5ÜEÐ�Ñ%ÚEËøÐ ÙsËKÿ�Ç��sËKÜ Ñnú�Ð� EÐ�à�� Ú�ÉsÐ����xÓ�Ê�Ë Ý|Ùsú+Ê%ÑnÞ�Ê%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÐ ËKÐ(Û Ë�Ê%Ë�È+Ç'Ø�Ë�Ô¦Ñ%ÓÛ Ó�ÊnÜEжÓ�Ô?Ñ%ÚEË]Ùsú+Ê%Ñ1ßVÇ Ð8Ñ�Ñ%Úsú+ÔøÑ%Ó�Ñ�ÚEË(Ó�Ñ%ÚEË�Ê�Û Ó�Ê5ÜEÐ�à�� Ú>ÇzÐ Ò>Çzú�Ð1ÇzÐ1Ùsú+Ê%Ñ Çzÿ5É>ßzú+Ê ß��ÕÐ Ñ%Ê�Ó�ÔEÈ(ÖtÓ�Ê Ñ%ÚEË]Ø�Ë�Ê%ÒßVÇzÐ ÑKà��LÔ�ÖLú�ÿ5Ñ��OÑ%ÚEË?ÿ5Ó�Ô>Ñ%Ê%Ó+ßzСÙEÊ%ÓèÜ>Ésÿ5ËKÜ ��Ó�Ê%ËøØ�Ë�Ê%ÒsÐqÓ�Ô�Ñ%Ú>ÇzÐ(ßVÇzÐ ÑxÑ�Úsú+Ô!����Ìøú+ÔsÜ�Ñ%ÚEË��¦Û Ë�Ê%Ë�ÔEÓ�ÑË�Ø�Ë�Ô�ú�Ð� �ËKÜ Ñ%ÓDÑ%Ê��DÑ%ÓÕÊ�ËKÐ ÙsÓ�ÔsÜ Û Ç'Ñ%Ú�Ø�Ë�Ê%ÒsÐ�à��"�]Ì¿Û�ú�Ð]Û Ë5ßVß�ú+ÒsÓ+Ø�Ë�Ñ%ÚEË¿ÒsúTÐ Ë5ßVÇÃÔEË ÖHÓTÊ�Ñ%ÚEËxÓTÑ%ÚEË�ÊÑ%ÚEÊ%Ë�ËøÑnú�Ð# èÐ��¶ÚEÓ�Û Ë�Ø�Ë�Ê�à$� Ú>ÇzÐqÇ'ÔsÜTÇzÿ�ú+Ñ%ËKйÑ%Úsú+Ñ�����Ì%�¿ú&� Ð É'BË�ÊqÖHÊ%Ó(� úDÐ ÙsËKÿ�Ç��^ÿ Ç)��Ùsú�Ç'Ê��xË�Ô>Ñ�Ç'ÔÚ>ÇzÐ�ú+Ò>ÇVßVÇ'Ñ*�?Ñ�ÓxÙEÊ%ÓEÜ>Ésÿ5Ë(Ø�Ë�Ê%ÒsÐ�ú�Ð1Ó�ÙEÙ Ó�Ð ËKÜøÑ%Ó�Ó�Ñ�ÚEË�Ê�ÿ�ßzú�Ð%Ð ËKÐ Ó"Ö½Û Ó�ÊnÜEÐ��Eú�ß'Ñ%ÚEÓ�ÉEÈTÚ?ÚEË�ÿ5Ë�Ê%Ñnú�Ç'Ô>ß��ÕÜTÇzÜÐ ÚEÓ+ÛòÇ��xÙsú�Ç'Ê���Ë�Ô�Ñ Ç'Ô�ÙEÊ%ÓèÜ>Ésÿ�Ç'ÔEÈÕú+Ñ�Ñ%Ê Ç'ÒEÉEÑ%ËKÐ�ú+ÔsÜ?ÿ�ú"Ñ%Ë�È�Ó�Ê Ç'ËKÐ�úTÐ Û Ë5ß/ßLà�öÚEË�ÔEË,+EÑ.-TÉEËKÐ Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô�Û Ë/��Ç'È�Ú>ѽú�Ð# 0�+Ñ%ÚEË�Ô���ÇzÐOÛ�Úsú+ÑOÑ���Ù ËKÐBÓ+ÖEÊ%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÐ ËKÐ�����̶ÇzÐBÈ+Ç'ØTÇ'ÔEÈ1�+ÇVÖsÔEÓ�ÑOÑ%ÚEË

ÿ5Ó�Ê%Ê�ËKÿ5Ñ�Ó�ÔEË�à��LÔøÓ�ÊnÜ>Ë�Ê Ñ%Ó�Ð8Ñ%ÉsÜ�xÑ%Ú>ÇzÐ2�xÓ�Ê%Ë�ËKú�ÐÇVß�����Û Ë ÇzÐ Ó"ß ú"Ñ%Ë/3 ÉsÐ Ñ1Ñ%ÚEË�Ç'Ôsÿ5Ó�Ê�Ê%ËKÿ5Ñ Ê%ËKÐ ÙsÓTÔsÐ Ë�ÿ�ßzú�Ð%Ð ËKÐÓ+Ö/����Ì�ú+ÔsÜ Ñ%ÚEË�ÿ5Ó�Ô>Ñ%Ê%Ó+ßzÐ�à/�öÚEË�ÔEÓ�Ê��øú�ßzÐ Úsú�Ø�Ë(ÒsË�Ë�Ô�Ë5ß/Ç���Ç'Ôsú+Ñ�ËKÜDÒsËKÿ�ú+ÉsÐ8Ë�Ñ%ÚEË��ÕÜTÇzÜ?ÔEÓTÑ�ÙEÊ%ÓEÜ>Ésÿ5Ëú¦ÐÇ'È�Ô>Ç��^ÿ�ú+Ô>Ñ?ÙEÊ%Ó�Ù Ó�Ê%Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô�Ó"Ö�Ç'Ôsÿ5Ó�Ê%Ê�ËKÿ5Ñ¿Ê%ËKÐ8ÙsÓ�ÔsÐ ËKÐ�à4� ÚEË�Ê%ËKÐ É>ß'ÑnÐøú+Ê%ËÕÜTÇzÐ Ù>ßzú&��ËKÜ Ç'Ô Æ.Ç'È�ÉEÊ%ËKÐ�ÌKÍ��Ì ÷ �OÌ���� ú+ÔsÜ ü Ì�à65�Ó�Ð8Ñ�Ë�Ø�ÇzÜ>Ë�Ô>Ñ]Ç'Ô Ñ�ÚEË¥Ê�ËKÐ É>ß'ÑnÐ ÇzÐ7����Ì�8ÁÐ�Ð Ñ�Ê%Ó�ÔEÈxÙEÊ%ÓTÙsË�ÔsÐÇ'Ñ��ÕÑ%Ó+Û�ú+ÊnÜEÐ�ú�Ü&37ËKÿ5Ñ8ÇÃØTËKÐ��Ùsú+Ê%Ñ8Ç ÿ5É>ßzú+Ê8ß)��Ç'Ô¦Ñ%ÚEË�Ø�Ë�Ê�Ò ú"ÔsÜ Ð#��ÔEÓ�Ô��»È�Ë�ÔEË�Ênú+Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔDÑnúTÐ� ^à7� ÚEË�Ó�Ô>ß��DÓ�Ñ%ÚEË�Ê]Ê%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÐ Ë¿ÿ�ßzú�Ð�Ð ËKÐ�Ç'ÔÛ�Ú>Çzÿ�Ú!����Ìøÿ5Ó�ÔsÐÇzÐ Ñ%Ë�Ô>Ñ ß��¦Ó�ÉEÑ%ÙEÊ�ÓèÜ>Ésÿ5ËKÜ Ñ%ÚEË¿ÿ5Ó�Ô>Ñ%Ê%Ó"ß Ð¡Û Ë�Ê%ËxÐ ÉEÒ�3 ËKÿ5Ñ Ç'Ø�Ë¿ØTË�Ê%ÒsÐ�ú+ÔsÜ Ó�Ñ%ÚEË�Ê�ÔEÓTÉEÔsÐ�à� ÔDÑ%ÚEË�ÓTÑ%ÚEË�Ê�Úsú+ÔsÜ9� Ñ%ÚEËxÿ5Ó�Ô>Ñ%Ê%Ó+ßzÐ�ÿ5Ó�ÔsÐ7Ç Ð8Ñ%Ë�Ô�Ñ8ß)��ÙEÊ%ÓEÜ>Ésÿ5ËKÜ:��Ó�Ê%Ë¥Ð#��ÔEÓ�Ô��¿Ð��sú+Ô>Ñ%Ó�Ô��¿Ð��;�<>=�<�?@?�A&?Û Ó�ÊnÜEÐ��Eú+ÔsÜCB�D�?E?�D>F�G@H�I(Û Ó�ÊnÜEÐöÑ%Úsú+ÔÕÜTÇzÜ:����Ì�à

JLK#M N4OQPSR�T,USV9W�O7PX ßÃÑ�ÚEÓ�ÉEÈ�Ú�Ç'Ñ]Ç Ð(Ð8Ó��xË�Û�Úsú+Ñ(ÜEú+ÔEÈ�Ë�Ê�Ó�ÉsÐ]Ñ%ÓøÈ�Ë�ÔEË�Ênú�ßVÇ�Y�Ë�ÖtÊ%Ó��»Ð ÓxßVÇ'Ñ%Ñ ß'Ë¿ÜEú"Ñnú��þÇÃÑ]ÇzСÙEÊ%Ó�Òsú+Ò>ß��?ÖLú�Ç'Ê(Ñ%ÓÐ%ú&�ÕÑ�Úsú+ÑS����ÌxÛ�ú�Ð]ÔEÓ�Ñ�ÐÇ��xÙ>ß��¦Ê%Ë5ß��TÇÃÔEÈDÓ�Ô�úøÒsú�ÿ� >È�Ê%ÓTÉEÔsÜ�ÖHÊ�Ë�Ë¿ú�Ð%Ð ÓEÿ�Çzú+Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô�Ð��EÐ Ñ%Ë��»Û Ç'Ñ%Ú Ð8Ó��xËÜEú>�¿ú"È�ËKܦÒ>Çzú�йÑ%Ó+Ûöú"ÊnÜEÐ(Ñ%ÚEË?Ê�Ë�-�É>Ç'Ê%ËKÜ Ñnú�Ð� �àZ� Úsú+ÑqÇzÐ��1ÉEÔ>ßÃËKÐ�ÐxÑ%ÚEË?Ù Ó�Ð Ñ%×tÙEÊ�Óèÿ5ËKÐ%Ð7ÇÃÔEÈ�Ð Ñnú+È�ËøÛ Ë�Ê%Ëßzú+Ê%È�Ë5ß��DÜ>Ë�ÙsË�ÔsÜ>Ë�Ô>Ñ�Ó�Ô�Ñ%ÚEË�Ê%ËKÐ8ÙsÓ�ÔsÐ Ëxÿ�ßzú�Ð%Ð�� ÇÃÔDÛ�Ú>Çzÿ�Ú¦ÿ�ú�Р˥ÿ5Ë�Ê�Ë�ÒsË5ßVßzú+Ê(ß'ËKÐÇ'Ó�ÔsСÊ%ËKÐ É>ß'Ñ]Ç'Ô ÜTÇ�'BË�Ê%Ë�Ô>ÑË,'BËKÿ5ÑnÐ�ú�ÿ5Ê�Ó�Ð%Ð ÿ�ßzú�Ð%Ð ËKÐ�Ë�Ø�Ë�ÔÕÛöÇÃÑ�Ú>ÇÃÔDú�ÙsÓ>Ð Ñ%×tÙEÊ%ÓEÿ5ËKÐ%ÐÇ'ÔEÈ�ÖHÊnú[�xË�Û Ó�Ê� �à� ÔEË��xË�Ñ%ÚEÓEÜ�Û Ç'Ñ%Ú Û�Ú>Çzÿ%ÚòÛ Ë\��Ç'È�Ú>Ñ ú"Ñ%Ñ%Ë��xÙEÑ�Ñ%Ó ÿ�Úsú+ÊnúTÿ5Ñ%Ë�Ê Ç�Y�Ë$����Ì�8ÁÐxÜ>Ë,�^ÿ�Ç'ÑnÐ�ÇzÐxÑ%ÚEÊ�Ó�ÉEÈ�Ú

Ñ%ÚEË�ÉsÐ Ë?Ó+Ö(Ñ%ÚEË ÿ5Ó�Ôsÿ5Ë�ÙEÑ5ÐxÓ+Ö];^<[=#<(_>G)I[`�<�aEGcb?ú+ÔsÜed,f>H0ag<�I[`�<�aEGcbøÊ%ËKÐ8ÙsÓ�ÔsÐ ËKÐ�à4� ÚEËKÐ8ËÕÿ5Ó�Ôsÿ5Ë�ÙEÑnÐøú+Ê%Ëÿ5Ó�����Ó�Ô>ß��ÕÊ%Ë�È�ú"ÊnÜ>ËKÜ�Ò���Ñ%ÚEÓ�Ð Ë�Û�ÚEÓÕÐ Ñ�ÉsÜ�ÕÛ Ó�ÊnÜ�ú�Ð%Ð ÓEÿ�Çzú+Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô¦ú�Ð]ÙEÊ%Ó+ØTÇ ÜTÇ'ÔEÈDú�ÖHÉEÔsÜEú>��Ë�Ô�Ñnú�߶ÜTÇVÖt×ÖtË�Ê%Ë�Ô�Ñ8Ç ú"Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔDÒsË�Ñ Û Ë�Ë�Ô Ñ Û ÓxÒsú�Ð7Ç ÿqÑ��>ÙsËKÐ]Ó+Ö�Ê%ËKÐ8ÙsÓ�ÔsÐ Ë�à7hdú+Ê5ú�ÜTÇ'È��¿ú+Ñ ÇzÿqÊ%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÐ ËKÐ(ú+Ê�Ë�Ñ%ÚEÓ�Ð8Ë�Û�Ú>Çzÿ�Úú+Ê%Ë(Ó"Ö�Ñ%ÚEË�Ð�ú>�xË(Ùsú+Ê%Ñ Ó+Ö�Ð Ù Ë�ËKÿ%ÚDú�Ð Ñ%ÚEË�Ð Ñ Ç���É>ßÃÉsÐ]ú+ÔsÜøÛ�Ú>Çzÿ�Ú ÿ5Ó�É>ßzÜ ÒsË�ÉsÐ8ËKÜøÇ'Ô�Ñ�Ë�Ênÿ%Úsú"ÔEÈ�ËKú+Ò>ß��øÇ'Ôú?Ð Ë�Ô>Ñ%Ë�Ôsÿ5Ë��BÒEÉEÑ�Ü>ÓTÔ�8 Ñ(ÔEËKÿ5ËKÐ%Ð%ú+Êi� ÿ5ÓT×tÓèÿ�ÿ5ÉEÊ(Ø�Ë�Êi�ÕÓ+ÖtÑ%Ë�ÔBàkj���Ô>Ñnú+È��øú+Ñ ÇzÿqÊ%ËKÐ ÙsÓTÔsÐ ËKÐ��BÓTÔ Ñ�ÚEË¥ÓTÑ%ÚEË�ÊÚsú+ÔsÜ9� ÚEÓ+ßzÜòÜTÇ�'BË�Ê%Ë�Ô�ÑøÈ�Ênú[���¿ú+Ñ Çzÿ�ú�ß]ÙsÓ�ÐÇ'Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐ�Ñ%Úsú+Ô Ñ%ÚEË Ð8Ñ Ç��¥É>ßVÇ(Û�Ú>Çzÿ%ÚòË�Ø�Ó( �ËKÜ�Ñ%ÚEË���àl� ÚEËKÐ Ë

Page 82: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

á]â�â�ã1ä�å]æûLm]çÕãQnèá]é�êOá�ëOæ7ä�ìíëdî]ãðï(ñpo7qdï�ã1ãòá(óEó^ô(ñOæ á�ëOæ|ô äõîsr1â�ô(ë¶î�ãöó�æ%ó ÷ Í

Ê%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÐ ËKÐ]-�É>Ç'Ñ%ËqÓ+ÖtÑ%Ë�Ô ÿ5ÓT×tÓèÿ�ÿ5ÉEÊ]Û Ç'Ñ%ÚÕÑ�ÚEË5ÇÃÊ]Ð Ñ Ç���É>ß/ÇOÇ'ÔÕÔsú+Ñ�ÉEÊnú�ß�ßzú+ÔEÈ�Ésú+È�Ë�à�öÚEË�ú�Ü&37ËKÿ5Ñ8ÇÃØTË(Ê%ËKÐ ÙsÓTÔsÐ ËKÐ ÖLú�Ø�Ó�Ê%ËKÜ�Ò�t����Ì�ú"Ê%Ë�Ñ�ÓxÒsË�ÿ5Ó�ÔsÐÇzÜ>Ë�Ê%ËKÜÕÐ#��Ô>Ñnú+È��øú+Ñ Çzÿ�ú"ÔsÜ?Ñ%ÚEË�Ð��>ÔE×

Ó�Ô������ú+Ô>Ñ%Ó�Ô���:�1ú+ÔsÜu;^<>=�<�?E?�A�?OÛ Ó�ÊnÜEСÖLúKØTÓ�Ê%ËKÜ Ò���Ñ%ÚEËÕÿ5Ó�Ô>Ñ%Ê%Ó+ßzÐxú"Ê%Ë?Ùsú+Ênú�ÜTÇ'È��øú+Ñ Çzÿ+àwv�Ó+Û Ë�Ø�Ë�Ê��Ñ%ÚEËDÑ%Ê%Ë�ÔsÜ ÇzÐøÒEÊ%Ó� TË�Ô Ò�ðÑ�ÚEËxB�D�?E?�D>F�G@H�I�Û<ÓTÊnÜEÐxÛ�Ú>Ç ÿ�Ú�Û Ë�Ê%ËDÐ Ñ%Ê%Ó�ÔEÈ"ß)� ÖZú�Ø�ÓTÊ%ËKÜ�Ò��Ñ%ÚE˦ÿ5Ó�Ô>Ñ%Ê%Ó+ßÐ ÉEÒ�3 ËKÿ5ÑnÐ��y��Ë�Ñ�Û�Ú>Çzÿ�Ú ú+Ê%Ë�ÿ�ß'ËKú+Ê8ß)�ÕÐ#��Ô>Ñnú+È��øú+Ñ Çzÿ+à��LÔ�Ñ%Ú>ÉsÐ�ú+ÙEÙsËKú"ÊnÐ Ñ%Úsú+Ñ&��Ç'ÔDÑ%Ú>ÇzÐ�ÿ�ú�Ð8Ë��EÑ%ÚEË¥Ð#��Ô>Ñnú+È�×�¿ú+Ñ8Ç ÿ&z�Ùsú+Ênú�ÜTÇ'È��¿ú"Ñ Çzÿ(ÜTÇ Ð8Ñ Ç'Ôsÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô�Ç Ð�ÔEÓ�Ñ�ú"Ô?Ë,' ËKÿ5Ñ8ÇÃØTË(Ûöú&�øÑ%Ó�Ùsú+Ênú>��Ë�Ñ%Ë�Ê Ç�Y�Ë�Ñ%ÚEË(Ê�ËKÐ ÙsÓ�ÔsÐ8ËKÐ�à{ Ë6��Ç'È�Ú>Ñ��>Ênú+Ñ�ÚEË�Ê���Ò Ë�È+Ç'ÔÕÒ�¿ÿ5Ó�ÔsÐÇzÜ>Ë�Ê Ç'ÔEÈøÑ%ÚEË�Ù Ó�Ð%ÐÇ'Ò>ÇVßVÇ'Ñ*��Ñ%Úsú+Ñ Ñ%ÚEË(ÿ5Ó�È�Ô>Ç'Ñ Ç'Ø�Ë(Ê%Ë�ÙEÊ�ËKÐ Ë�Ô�Ñ5ú+Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô

Ó+Ö Ñ%ÚEËxÐ Ñ Ç���É>ßÃÉsÐ{ÇzÐ(ÙEÊ Ç��¿ú+Ê8Ç/ß��¦Ë�Ôsÿ5ÓEÜ>ËKܦú�Ð(úøØTËKÿ5Ñ%Ó�Ê(Ó+Ö1ÖHËKú+Ñ�ÉEÊ%ËKÐ��Bú�Ð(ÜTÇzÐ%ÿ5ÉsÐ%Ð8ËKÜDÇ'Ôwj�ËKÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô�ùEà ü à'ÌTà�LÔDÑ%Ú>ÇzÐ(ÿ�ú�Ð8Ë��^ú�Ü&3 ËKÿ5Ñ Ç'Ø�Ëxú�Ð%Ð8Óèÿ�Çzú+Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô�ÇzÐ(ú�Ê%Ë5ßzú+Ñ Ç'Ø�Ë5ß��¦ÐÇ��xÙ>ß'ËxÙEÊ%ÓEÿ5ËKÐ%Ð ËKÐ���ú�ÐöÇÃÑ]ÇzÐ]Ó�Ô>ß��Dú��¿ú"Ñ%Ñ%Ë�Ê�Ó+ÖÈ+Ç'ØTÇÃÔEȦú+Ô�ú�Ü&37ËKÿ5Ñ8ÇÃØTË¿Û�Ú>Çzÿ�Ú Ôsú[�xËKÐ(Ó�ÔEË�Ó+Ö�Ñ%ÚEË�ÖtËKú+Ñ%ÉEÊ%ËKÐ¡Û Ç'Ñ%Ú Ñ�ÚEË¿Ð Ñ%Ê%ÓTÔEÈ�ËKÐ Ñ(Ø�ú�ßÃÉEË�à|j���ÔEÓ�Ô��¿Ðÿ�ú+Ô ú�ß Ð8ÓÕÒsËøÜ>Ë�Ñ%Ë�Ê���Ç'ÔEËKÜ ÖZú�Ç'Ê ß��¦ËKúTÐÇVß)� Ò����sÔsÜTÇ'ÔEȦúøÛ<ÓTÊnÜ�Û Ç'Ñ%Ú ú?ØTË�Ê�� ÐÇ���ÇVßzú+ÊqÖtËKú+Ñ%ÉEÊ%ËxØTËKÿ5Ñ%Ó�ÊKà}1Ó�Ñ%Ú�Ó+Ö]Ñ%ÚEËKÐ Ë?Ñnú�Ð# èÐqÛ Ë�Ê%ËøÖLú�Ç'Ê ß�� ËKú�Ð#�¦ÖtÓ�Ê�����Ì�à ~dË�Ê%ÒsÐ�Ó�Ê]B�D�?E?�D[F�G@H�I?Û Ó�ÊnÜEÐC��Ç'È�Ú>ÑxÊ%Ë�-TÉ>Ç'Ê%ËÕú��Ésÿ%Ú%�xÓ�Ê�Ë�Ð Ó�ÙEÚ>ÇzÐ Ñ Çzÿ�ú+Ñ�ËKÜøÙEÊ%Óèÿ5ËKÐ�Ð<úTÐdÑ%ÚEË���Ç'Ô>Ø�Ó+ß'Ø�Ë]È�Ë�ÔEË�Ênú+Ñ8ÇÃÔEÈxú¡Û<ÓTÊnÜ�Û�Ú>Çzÿ�Ú\�¿ú&�¥Úsú�Ø�Ë]úS-TÉ>ÇÃÑ�ËÜTÇ�'BË�Ê%Ë�Ô�Ñ]Ð Ë�Ñ�Ó+ÖOÖHËKú"Ñ%ÉEÊ%Ë(Ø�ú�ßÃÉEËKÐ�à�ZÖ<Ñ%ÚEËxÿ5Ë�Ê%Ë�Ò Ë5ßVßÃÉ�� Û Ë�Ê%ËqÇ'Ô�ØTÓ+ß'Ø�ËKÜ�Ç'Ô¦úøÙEÊ%Óèÿ5ËKÐ�Ð]Ê%ËKÐ ÙsÓTÔsÐÇ'Ò>ßÃË�ÖtÓ�Ê�Ù Ë�Ê ÖtÓ�Ê���Ç'ÔEÈÕÑ�ÚEËKÐ Ë��xÓ�Ê%Ë�Ð Ó�×

ÙEÚ>ÇzÐ Ñ Çzÿ�ú+Ñ%ËKÜ|�¿ú+ÙEÙ>Ç'ÔEÈ�Ð��.Û�Ú>Çzÿ%ÚDÈ�ÓøÒsË���ÓTÔsÜDÑ%ÚEËqÇ'Ô>ÖHÓ�Êi�¿ú+Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔDË�Ôsÿ5ÓEÜ>ËKÜ�Ç'Ô Ñ�ÚEË�ÖtËKú+Ñ%ÉEÊ�Ë¥ØTËKÿ5Ñ%Ó�Ê��þÇ'ÑnÐÜEú>�¿ú"È�Ë�ÿ5Ó�É>ßzÜ�Ê%ËKÐ É>ß'ÑdÇ'Ô¿Ü>Ë,�^ÿ�Ç'ÑnÐ1ÐÇ���ÇVßzú+Ê Ñ%Ó�����Ì(8�Ð�à�v�Ó+Ûðÿ�ú+Ô�Ñ%Ú>ÇzÐdÑ%ÚEË�ÓTÊ���Ë,+EÙ>ßzú�Ç'Ô¿Ñ%ÚEË Ê%ËKÐ8É>ßÃÑ1Ñ%Úsú+Ñ����Ì]Û�ú�Ð1ÔEÓ�Ñ�Ñ%Ë��xÙEÑ�ËKÜøÑ%Ó�Ê%ËKÐ ÙsÓTÔsÜøÛ Ç'Ñ%ÚÕÐ��>ÔEÓ�Ô���¿Ð ÓTÊöú"Ô�Ñ%ÓTÔ���¿Ð,�\hOË�Ê%Úsú+ÙsÐ1Ñ%ÚEË]ÖLú�ÿ5Ñ Ñ%Úsú+Ñ"����ÌÇzÐdÈ�Ó>ÓEÜ¥ú"ÑOÖHÓ�Êi��Ç'ÔEÈ�Ð���ÔEÓTÔ���¿Ðdú�ßVß'Ó+Û�ÐOÚ>Ç�� Ñ%ÓS-TÉ>Çzÿ� Tß��¿ÿ�ú+Ñnÿ�Úxú+ÔsÜ�Ð ÉEÙEÙEÊ%ËKÐ%жÑ%ÚEËKÐ Ë�Ê%ËKÐ8ÙsÓ�ÔsÐ ËKÐOÛ�ÚEË�ÔÑ%ÚEË��¿ú"Ê%Ë�ÔEÓTÑöú"ÙEÙEÊ%Ó�ÙEÊ Çzú+Ñ%Ë�à2� ÚEË(Ñ%Ë��xÙEÑnú"Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô¿Ñ�Ó�ÙEÊ%ÓEÜ>Ésÿ5Ë¥ú�Ü&3 ËKÿ5Ñ Ç'Ø�ËKÐ��>ÚEÓ+Û Ë�Ø�Ë�Ê��(��Ç'È�Ú�Ñ]ÐÇ��xÙ>ß��¿Ò ËÑ%Ó>ÓxÙsÓ+Û Ë�Ê ÖtÉ>ßBÑ%Ó¿Ð ÉEÙEÙEÊ%ËKÐ�Ð�à�¶ßÃËKú"Ê ß��?Ñ%Ú>ÇzÐ1ßVÇÃÔEË�Ó+ÖdÑ%ÚEÓ�ÉEÈTÚ�Ñ ÇzÐ ÙEÉEÊ�˥Р٠ËKÿ5É>ß ú"Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔBà"��Ô>ÖtÓ�Ê%Ñ�ÉEÔsú+Ñ%Ë5ß����EÛ Ç'Ñ%ÚEÓ�ÉEÑ�Ñ%ÚEË¥ú�Ø�ú�Ç/ßzú+Ò>ÇVßVÇ'Ñ��

Ó+Ö"�xÓ�Ê�Ë¿ÜEú+Ñnú��BÐ8ÙsËKÿ5É>ßzú+Ñ Ç'Ó�Ôw�¿ú&�DÒsË?ú�ßVß<Û Ë¿ÿ�ú"Ô¦ÚEÓ�ÙsË�ÖtÓ�Ê(Ç'Ô ÇÃÔ>Ñ%Ë�Ê%ÙEÊ�Ë�Ñ Ç'ÔEÈ|����Ì(8�Ð]Ë�Ê%Ê%Ó�Ê�×tÊ%Ë5ßzú+Ñ%ËKÜÜ>Ë,�^ÿ�Ç'ÑnÐ�àk�LÔ¦Ó�Ê5Ü>Ë�Ê(Ñ%Ó?Ê%Ë��xËKÜ�DÑ%Ú>ÇzÐ�Ð7ÇÃÑ�Ésú+Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô��½ú ÔEË�Û Ë,+èÙ Ë�Ê Ç��xË�Ô>Ñ¥ÚsúTÐ]ÒsË�Ë�Ô�Ü>ËKÐÇ'È�ÔEËKܦÛöÇÃÑ�Ú¦Ñ%ÚEËÚEÓ�Ù ËKÐ(Ñ%Úsú+Ñ]Ç'ÑC�¿ú&�?ÒsËøÙsË�Ê ÖtÓ�Ê��xËKÜ�Ó�Ôu�xÓ�Ê%Ëxÿ5Ë�Ê%Ë�Ò Ë5ß/ßzú+Ê�Ùsú+Ñ8ÇÃË�Ô>ÑnÐ{ß/Ç� �Ë%�"�]Ì��½ú�Ð]Û Ë5ßVßöúTÐ]Ó�Ô�ÇÃÔsÜTÇ'×ØTÇ Ü>Ésú�ß ÐöÛ Ç'Ñ%Úxß'ËKÐÇ'Ó�ÔsÐöÑ%Ó�Ó�Ñ�ÚEË�Ê<ú+Ê%ËKúTÐ���Ð Ésÿ�Ú?ú�Ð1Ñ%ÚEË�Òsú�Ð%ú�ß^È�ú+ÔEÈ"ß/Çzú�ú+ÔsÜ�Ñ%ÚEË(Ð���ß'ØTÇzú+ÔøÇ'ÔsÐ É>ßzú+Ê�ÿ5Ó�Ê%Ñ�Ë,+ à� ÚEË(ÙEÊ%ÓTÑ%Óèÿ5Ó"ßBÖHÓTÊ<Ñ�Ú>Ç Ð�Ë,+EÙsË�Ê Ç��xË�Ô>Ñ�ÇzÐ]Ü>ËKÐ%ÿ5Ê Ç'ÒsËKÜ Ç'ÔÕÑ�ÚEË]ÖHÓ+ßVß'Ó+Û Ç'ÔEÈ ú"ÙEÙsË�ÔsÜTÇ�+ à� ÔEË��sÔsú�ß�ÙsÓ�Ð%Ð7ÇÃÒ>ÇVßVÇ'Ñ��¿Û Ë"��Ç'È�Ú>Ñ<ÿ5ÓTÔsÐÇzÜ>Ë�Ê�ÇzÐ1Ñ%Úsú+Ñ1Ñ%ÚEË�ÿ5Ë�Ê%Ë�Ò Ë5ßVßÃÉ����^Ü>ÉEË]Ñ%Ó]Ç'ÑnÐ1ÙEÊ Ç��¿ú+Ê���Ê%Ó"ßÃË]ú�Ð

Ùsú+Ê%Ñ�Ó+Ö�Ñ%ÚEËS��Ó�Ñ%Ó�Ê1ß'ËKú+Ê%Ô>Ç'ÔEÈÕÐ��EÐ Ñ%Ë��:�èÇ Ð(Ð8ÙsËKÿ�Ç��^ÿ�ú�ßVß�� Ñ5ú�ÇVßÃÓTÊ%ËKÜ�Ñ%ÓxÑ%ÚEËqÈ�Ë�ÔEË�Ênú+Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô�Ó+Ö�ú�ÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔÕØTË�Ê%ÒsÐÜ>ÉEËxÑ%Ó�Ñ%ÚEË5Ç'Ê�ÙEÚ�èÐ7Ç ÿ�ú�ßöÿ5Ó�Ô>Ñ%Ë�Ô>ÑKà X ß'Ñ%ÚEÓTÉEÈ�Ú¦Ñ%Ú>ÇzÐ(Û Ó�É>ßzÜ ÔEÓ�Ñ(Ë,+EÙ>ß ú�ÇÃÔ�ú�ßVß<Ó"Ö�����Ì�8�Ð(Ü>Ë,�^ÿ�Ç'ÑnÐ��BÇ'Ñ¡Ç ÐÙsÓ>Ð%ÐÇ'Ò>ß'Ë�Ñ%Úsú"ѽÚEË ÇzÐdÐ Ó]Ç��xÙsú�ÇÃÊ�ËKÜxú+ÑOØ�Ë�Ê%Ò�È�Ë�ÔEË�Ênú+Ñ8ÇÃÓTÔ¿Ü>ÉEË Ñ%Ó�Ü>Ë,�^ÿ�Ç'ÑnÐOÇ'ÔxÙEÊ%ÓEÿ5ËKÐ%ÐÇ'ÔEÈqÑ%ÚEË�ú�Ð%Ð ÓEÿ�Çzú+Ñ%ËKÜØTÇ Ð8ÉEÓ��xÓ�Ñ%ÓTÊ�Ç��¿ú+È�Ë�Ê���à��tÖ(Ñ%Ú>ÇzÐxÛ Ë�Ê%Ë?Ñ%ÚEËÕÿ�úTÐ Ë��dÇ'Ñ�ÇzÐ�ßVÇ� �Ë5ß��ðÑ%Úsú"ѹÿ5Ë�Ê�Ë�ÒsË5ßVßzú+Ê?Ùsú+Ñ Ç'Ë�Ô>ÑnÐxÛ Ó�É>ßzÜ�Ò Ëß'ËKÐ%Ð�Ç��xÙsú�Ç'Ê%ËKÜDÛ�ÚEË�Ô ÈTË�ÔEË�Ênú+Ñ Ç'ÔEÈ?Ø�Ë�Ê%ÒsÐ�Û�Ú>Çzÿ�Ú Úsú�Ø�ËqÔEÓ?Ó�Ò>Ø�Ç'Ó�ÉsÐ(ú�ÿ5Ñ8ÇÃÓTÔ ú�Ð%Ð8Óèÿ�Çzú+Ñ%ËKÜ9�BÐ8Ésÿ%Ú¦ú�Ð�Ý5Ñ%Ó

Page 83: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

á]â�â�ã1ä�å]æûLm]çÕãQnèá]é�êOá�ëOæ7ä�ìíëdî]ãðï(ñpo7qdï�ã1ãòá(óEó^ô(ñOæ á�ëOæ|ô äõîsr1â�ô(ë¶î�ãöó�æ%ó ÷ ù

ÜTÇzÐ%ú+È�Ê�Ë�ËKÞ¦Ó�ʦÝ5Ñ%Ó ÒsË5ßVÇ'Ë�Ø�ËKÞEà�j�Ù ËKÿ�Ç ú�ß�Û<ÓTÊnÜ�ßVÇzÐ ÑnÐ%��Ç'È�Ú>ÑøÒs˦Ü>Ë�Ø�Ë5ß'Ó�ÙsËKÜ Û�Ú>Çzÿ�ÚòË�Ôsÿ5Ó�ÉEÊnú+È�˦РÉsÿ�Úú+ÒsÐ Ñ�Ênú�ÿ5Ñ Ê%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÐ ËKÐ1Ç'ÔÕÓTÊnÜ>Ë�Ê�Ñ%Ó�Ñ%ËKÐ Ñ�Ñ%Ú>ÇzÐ Ú��>ÙsÓTÑ%ÚEËKÐÇzÐ�àp� ÚEË]ßVÇ Ð8ÑnÐ�ÉsÐ8ËKÜ�ÇÃÔ�Ñ%ÚEË]ÖtÓ+ßVßÃÓ+Û Ç'ÔEÈøÙEÊ%Ó�Ñ%ÓEÿ5Ó+ßú�ß'Ê%ËKú�Ü��ÿ5Ó�Ô>Ñnú�Ç'Ô�ú?ÖtË�ÛíÐ Ésÿ�Ú�Û<ÓTÊnÜEÐ�Ð ÓDÑ%Úsú"Ñ¥Ñ�ÚEË¿Ë,+EÙsË�Ê Ç��xË�Ô>Ñ%�¿ú&� Ð8Ë�Ê%Ø�Ë?ú�Ð�úÕÙ>ÇVß'Ó�Ñ¿Ð8Ñ%ÉsÜ�¦ÖtÓ�ÊËKÐ Ñ Ç��¿ú"Ñ Ç'ÔEÈxÑ%ÚEË�ÉEÑ8Ç/ßVÇ'Ñ��?Ó+Ö�ú��xÓ�Ê%Ë�ÿ5Ó(�xÙEÊ%Ë�ÚEË�ÔsÐÇ'Ø�ËqË�ÔsÜ>ËKúKØTÓ�ÊKà

Page 84: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

� �����!������� �

� � � �����"� ����� � �e ¡�  ¡¢e£¥¤

�LÔqÑ%ÚEË5Ç'Ê�Ð8Ñ%ÉsÜ��Ó"ÖèÑ%ÚEËdÙsú"Ñ Ç'Ë�Ô�Ñ��>����Ì���Û Ç'Ñ%Ú�Ê8ÇÃÈTÚ�ѽÿ5Ë�Ê�Ë�ÒsË5ßVßzú+Ê�ÜEú>�¿ú+ÈTË��KÆ.Ç'Ë�Y�Ë�ѽú�ßLà2¦nÌ��(� ü§ ÜTÇzÐ%ÿ5Ó+Ø�Ë�Ê�ËKÜÑ%Úsú+Ñ&�½ú�ß'Ñ%ÚEÓ�ÉEÈTÚ ÚEË?Ð ÚEÓ+Û ËKܦÔEÓ�Ó�Ò�ØTÇ'Ó�ÉsÐC�xÓ�Ñ%ÓTÊ(Ó�Ê�Ø�Ë�Ê%Òsú�ß1Ç)��Ùsú�Ç'Ê��xË�Ô>Ñ��OÚ>Ç Ð¥ßÃËKÐ7ÇÃÓTÔsÐ�Ê%ËKÐ É>ß'Ñ%ËKÜ Ç'ÔÜ>Ë,�^ÿ�Ç'ÑnÐ�Ç'ÔDÙEÊnú�ÿ5Ñ Çzÿ5Ë�Ê%Ë5ßzú+Ñ%ËKÜ ßÃËKú"Ê%Ô>Ç'ÔEÈÕú+ÔsÜ ÇÃÔ¦Ü>Ë�Ñ%ËKÿ5Ñ8ÇÃÓTÔÕÓ+Ö�Ë�Ê%Ê�Ó�ÊnÐ1Ç'Ô¦ÿ5Ó�È�Ô>Ç'Ñ Ç'Ø�Ë�ÙEÊ%ÓEÿ5ËKÐ%ÐÇ'ÔEÈsà � ÔEËÓ+Ö�Ñ%ÚEËøË,+èÙ Ë�Ê Ç��xË�Ô>ÑnÐ�ÙsË�Ê8ÖHÓ�Êi�xËKܦÓTÔ!����Ì��dú�ß'Ó�ÔEÈDÛ Ç'Ñ%Ú�Ñ%ÚEÊ%Ë�Ë?ÿ5Ó�Ô>Ñ%Ê%Ó+ß�Ð ÉEÒ�3 ËKÿ5ÑnÐ��OÛ�ú�Ð�úDÐ Ë�Ê8ÇÃËKÐqÓ+ÖÛ Ó�ÊnÜ?ú�Ð�Ð Óèÿ�Çzú+Ñ8ÇÃÓTÔ?Ñ%ËKÐ ÑnÐ�à�Ô(Ñ%ÚEË��sÊ5РѽРËKÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô(Ó"ÖþÆ.Ç'Ë�Y�8�ÐOÐ Ñ%ÉsÜ���+ú1ßVÇzРѽÓ"Ö �� Ú>Ç'È�ÚE×JÖtÊ%Ë�-TÉEË�Ôsÿ,��ÔEÓ�ÉEÔsÐ.Û�ú�Ð�ÙEÊ%ËKÐ Ë�Ô>Ñ%ËKÜ]ØTÇzÐ Ésú�ßVß��

ú+Ñ�ú]Ênú"Ñ%Ë Ó+Ö^Ó�ÔEË Û Ó�ÊnÜqË�Ø�Ë�Êi� ü à ü Ð�à/j�ÉEÒy37ËKÿ5ÑnÐOÛ Ë�Ê%Ë�ú�Ð# �ËKÜ�Ñ%Ó(Ê%ËKÐ8ÙsÓ�ÔsÜ�ÛöÇÃÑ�Ú¹ú"Ô¿ú�ÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô�Û Ó�ÊnÜqÛ�Ú>Çzÿ�ÚÜ>ËKÐ%ÿ5Ê Ç'Ò ËKÐ�Û�Úsú+Ñ(Ñ%ÚEË¿Ð Ñ8Ç)��É>ß'ÉsÐ7�¹ÇÃÈTÚ�Ñ�Ü>Ó?Ó�Ê�Û�Úsú"Ñ]ÇÃÑ7�¹ÇÃÈTÚ�ÑqÒsËxÉsÐ ËKÜ ÖHÓ�Ê�à�� ËKú�ÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô¦Ñ8Ç)��ËKÐ(Û Ë�Ê%Ëú�Ð%Ð8ËKÐ%Ð ËKÜqÉsÐÇ'ÔEÈ¥ú�Ø�Ó+Çzÿ5Ë�×g �Ë���à/�öÚEË<Û Ó�Ê5Ü(ßVÇzÐ ÑdÛ�ú�ÐOÙEÊ%ËKÐ8Ë�Ô�Ñ%ËKÜ�ÐÇ�+�Ñ Ç��xËKÐp¦7Ð7Ç�+�Ò>ß'Óèÿi èÐ § Û Ç'Ñ%ÚxÑ%ÚEË Û Ó�ÊnÜEÐú+Ê%Ê5ú+ÔEÈ�ËKÜqÇ'ÔÕú�ÜTÇ�' Ë�Ê�Ë�Ô�Ñ Ênú+ÔsÜ>Ó(� ÓTÊnÜ>Ë�Ê�ËKú�ÿ�ÚøÑ Ç��xË�à��LÔÕúqÐ ËKÿ5Ó�ÔsÜ?Ð ËKÿ5Ñ8ÇÃÓTÔ���ÖtÓ�ÉEÊ Ó�Ñ%ÚEË�Ê ÿ5Ó�ÔsÐ Ñ%Ê5ú�Ç'ÔEËKÜÛ Ó�ÊnÜ�È�Ë�ÔEË�Ênú"Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô¦Ñnú�Ð# èÐ]Û Ë�Ê%Ë�ÙsË�Ê8ÖHÓ�Êi�xËKÜ�Îxb,<�agA�I�D>=,f%¦7Ð ÉEÙsË�Ê�Ó�ÊnÜTÇ'Ôsú+Ñ%Ë § �p<�agaE=,G©¨,ª�agA��2d«f>H9D>H1f>`��Bú+ÔsÜ;1¬�D[H0A�`�Ak¦7ÐÇ���ÇVßzú+ÊqÇ'Ô>ÇÃÑ8Ç ú�ß�ÙEÚEÓ�ÔEË��xË § à\� ÚEÊ�Ë�ËxÒ>ß'Óèÿi èÐqÓ+Ö ü�� ×tÛ<ÓTÊnÜ ß/ÇzÐ Ñ5Ð�Û Ë�Ê%Ë�Ê%ÉEÔBà\��ú+Ñ%ÚEË�ÊqÑ%Úsú+ÔÉsÐÇ'ÔEÈ¿úqÿ5Ó�ÔsÐ Ñnú+Ô>Ñ�ÙEÊ�ËKÐ Ë�Ô�Ñ5ú+Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔøÊnú+Ñ%Ë��>Ð ÉEÒ�3 ËKÿ5ÑnÐ1Úsú�ÜxÉEÙ?Ñ�Ós��Ð ËKÿ5Ó�ÔsÜEÐ1Ñ%ÓqÊ%ËKÐ ÙsÓTÔsÜ�à/­�ú�ÿ�Ú?Ð Ñ Ç���É>ßÃÉsÐÛ�ú�Ð1ÙEÊ%ËKÐ Ë�Ô>Ñ%ËKܦÌTà�Í�Ð ËKÿ5Ó�ÔsÜEÐ]ú�ÖHÑ�Ë�Ê<Ñ�ÚEË�ÙEÊ%Ë�ØTÇ'Ó�ÉsÐ�Ê�ËKÐ ÙsÓ�ÔsÐ8Ë�à�öÚEËKÐ Ë Ë,+EÙsË�Ê8Ç)��Ë�Ô�ÑnÐ Û Ë�Ê%Ë�Ø�Ë�Ê���ÉsÐ Ë5ÖtÉ>ßxÇ'Ô ÙsÓ"ÇÃÔ>Ñ Ç'ÔEÈ�Ó�ÉEÑDÑ%ÚEË�ÈTË�ÔEË�Ênú�ß¿ú�Ð%Ð ÓEÿ�Çzú+Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔE×tÊ%Ë5ßzú+Ñ�ËKÜ

Ü>Ë,�^ÿ�Ç'ÑnÐ]Ó+Ö�ÿ5Ë�Ê%Ë�ÒsË5ßVßzú+Ê¡ßÃËKÐ7ÇÃÓTÔsÐ�à6v�Ó+Û<Ë�ØTË�Ê��sú�ÜEÜTÇ'Ñ Ç'Ó�Ôsú�ßOÇ'Ô>ÖHÓTÊ��¿ú+Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô ÇzÐ�ÔEËKÿ5ËKÐ%Ð�ú+Ê��?Ñ%ÓøÔsú+Ê%Ê%Ó+Û�Ü>Ó+Û�ÔÑ%ÚEË�ÙsÓ>Ð%ÐÇ'Ò>ß'Ë��xËKÿ�Úsú+Ô>ÇzÐ��¿Ð]Ó+Ö�Ñ%Ú>ÇzÐ(Ü>Ë,�^ÿ�Ç'ÑKàS}1ËKÿ�ú+ÉsÐ8Ë¥Ñ�ÚEË�Ø�Ë�Ê%ÒDÑnúTÐ� ¿ÉsÐ8ËKܦú¿ÜTÇ�'BË�Ê%Ë�Ô>Ñ�ß'Ë�ÔEÈ�Ñ�ÚDßVÇ Ð8Ñ��úÕÜTÇ�'BË�Ê%Ë�Ô>Ñ�ÙEÊ%ËKÐ Ë�Ô>Ñnú+Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô¦Ê5ú+Ñ%Ë��½ú"ÔsÜZ�xÓTÊ%ËxÒ>ß'Óèÿi EÐ�Ñ�Úsú+Ô Ñ�ÚEËxÓ�Ñ%ÚEË�ÊnÐ���ÿ5Ó(�xÙsú+Ê ÇzÐ Ó�Ô Ó+Ö�Ñ%ÚEË¿Ê�ËKÐ É>ß'ÑnÐÇzÐ�ÜTÇ�®?ÿ5É>ßÃÑ�à¯� ÚEË?ÿ5Ë�Ê%Ë�ÒsË5ßVß'É�� Ç ÐC >ÔEÓ+Û�Ô Ñ�ÓÕÙsú+Ê%Ñ8Ç ÿ�Ç'Ùsú+Ñ�ËøÇÃÔ�Ë�Ê%Ê%ÓTʹÿ5ÓTÊ%Ê%ËKÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô ÖHÓTÊ�Ñ%ÚEË?ÿ5Ó�Ô>Ñ%Ê%Ó+ß�Ó+Ö�xÓ+Ø�Ë��xË�Ô>Ñ�ú+ÔsÜ�Ç'Ñ�ú+ÙEÙ ËKú+ÊnÐ�Ñ%Ó�Ù>ß ú&�øÑ%Ú>ÇzÐ�Ê�Ó+ß'Ë]ÇÃÔDÿ5Ó�ÔsÐ Ñ%Ê5ú�Ç'ÔEËKÜ?ú�Ð%Ð ÓEÿ�Çzú+Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô úTÐ�Û Ë5ßVßLà°v�Ó+Û Ë�Ø�Ë�Ê��>Ñ%ÚEËÐ ÉEÒ�3 ËKÿ5ÑnÐ1Û Ë�Ê%Ë]ÔEË�Ø�Ë�Ê Ñ%ËKÐ Ñ%ËKÜøÓ�Ô�ÖtÊ%Ë�Ë{úTÐ%Ð ÓEÿ�Ç ú"Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô��EÛ�Ú>Çzÿ�ÚøÇ Ð ú�ÿ5Ê%Ésÿ�Çzú�ß�ÿ5ÓTÔ�Ñ%Ê�Ó+ßsÇ'ÔÕÜ>Ë�Ñ%Ë�Ê��¹ÇÃÔ>Ç'ÔEÈøÑ%ÚEËË,'BËKÿ5ÑnÐ(Ñ�Úsú+Ñ�Ñ%ÚEËøÿ5Ë�Ê%Ë�ÒsË5ßVß'É�� ÚsúTÐ(Ç'Ô�ÿ5Ó�ÔsÐ Ñ%Ê5ú�Ç'ÔEËKÜ ú�Ð�Ð Óèÿ�Çzú+Ñ8ÇÃÓTÔ ÑnúTÐ� èÐ�àt��Ô>ÖtÓ�Ê%Ñ%ÉEÔsú+Ñ�Ë5ß)��������Ì�Úsú�Ð

÷�÷

Page 85: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

á]â�â�ã1ä�å]æû ñöçÕãdû(â�ã1ï æ*±Dã�ä�ë â�ï(ô â�ô�ó�á]é ÷ ý

ÜTÇ'ËKÜøÖtÊ%Ó��íÓTÑ%ÚEË�Ê�ÿ�ú+ÉsÐ ËKÐ��sÐ Ó�ÖtÉEÊ%Ñ%ÚEË�Ê�Ñ�ËKÐ Ñ Ç'ÔEÈ�ÇzÐ�ÔEÓTÑ<Ù Ó�Ð%ÐÇ'Ò>ß'Ë�à}1ËKÿ�ú+ÉsÐ8Ëx����Ì�8�Ð(ÜTÇ�® ÿ5É>ß'Ñ��DÇ'Ô ÈTË�ÔEË�Ênú+Ñ Ç'ÔEÈÕÑ�ÚEËxÙEÊ%Ó�Ù Ë�Ê�Ñ���Ù ËxÓ+Ö�ú�Ð%Ð8Óèÿ�Çzú+Ñ%ËøÐ Ë�Ë��¿Ð(Ñ�Ó?Ê%ËKÐ Ë���Ò>ß'Ë

úÕÜTÇzÐ Ñ�Ó�Ê%Ñ%ËKÜ ÖHÊ�Ë�Ë ú�Ð�Ð Óèÿ�Çzú+Ñ8ÇÃÓTÔ��dÛ ËxÚsú�Ø�Ë¿Ñ�ËKÐ Ñ%ËKÜ�úøÖtË�Û ÿ5ÓTÔ�Ñ%Ê�Ó+ß<Ð ÉEÒ�3 ËKÿ5ÑnÐC�¿ú+Ñnÿ�Ú>Ç'ÔEÈZ�"�]Ì�Ç'Ôðú+È�Ë��ÓEÿ�ÿ5ÉEÙsú+Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô��Eú+ÔsÜC��ËKú+ÊnÐOÓ"Ö^ËKÜ>Ésÿ�ú+Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔøÉEÔsÜ>Ë�Ê�Ñ�ÚEË�Ð%ú>�xË�ÿ5Ó�ÔsÜTÇ'Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐ ú+ÔsÜqÉsÐÇ'ÔEÈ�Ñ%ÚEË�Ð%ú>��Ë<Û Ó�Ê5Ü(ßVÇzÐ ÑnÐú�Ð]ÉsÐ ËKÜ Ò�$²+É>ßVÇ'ËÕÆ.Ç'Ë�Y�à\j�Ë�Ë X ÙEÙsË�ÔsÜTÇ�+³} ÖHÓ�Ê�ú�ÿ5Ó��xÙ>ß'Ë�Ñ%Ë¿Ü>ËKÐ�ÿ5Ê Ç'ÙEÑ Ç'Ó�Ô Ó"ÖöÑ�Ú>Ç Ð¡Ë,+èÙ Ë�Ê Ç��xË�Ô>ÑKà��ÔÐ ÚEÓ�Ê�Ñ���Û Ë¥Úsú�Ø�ËøÜTÇ Ð�ÿ5Ó�ØTË�Ê%ËKÜDÑ%Úsú+Ñ]Ñ%ÚEË¿ÜTÇzÐ Ñ�Ê Ç'ÒEÉEÑ Ç'Ó�Ô Ó"Ö<Ñ%ÚEË¿ÿ5ÓTÔ�Ñ%Ê�Ó+ßzÐ�8�Ê%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÐ ËKÐ�ÜTÇzÜDÔEÓTÑ¥ÜTÇ'Ê%ËKÿ5Ñ ß���¿ú+Ñ5ÿ%Ú��"�]Ì�8�Ð��EÒEÉEÑ]Ç'Ñ]ÇzÐ(ÜTÇ�® ÿ5É>ß'Ñ�Ñ%Ók�¿ú> �Ë�ú��xËKú"Ô>ÇÃÔEÈ"ÖHÉ>ß<ÿ5Ó���Ùsú+Ê ÇzÐ Ó�ÔDÛ Ç'Ñ%ÚEÓ�ÉEÑ�ÖtÊ%Ë�Ëxú�Ð%Ð ÓEÿ�Çzú+Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔÜEú+Ñnú¡ÖtÊ%Ó����"�]Ì{úTÐ�Û Ë5ßVßLà°�.ËKÐ Ñ Ç'ÔEÈ¿úTÜEÜTÇÃÑ8ÇÃÓTÔsú�ß�ÿ5Ó�Ô>Ñ%Ê%Ó+ßzжÇ'Ô?Ñ%Ú>ÇzÐp�¿ú+ÔEÔEË�Ê1ÇzÐ ÉEÔ>ßVÇ� �Ë5ß��ÕÑ%ÓC��Ç'Ë5ßzÜ\��Ó�Ê%Ëÿ5Ó�Ôsÿ�ß'ÉsÐÇ'Ø�ËC�sÔsÜTÇ'ÔEÈ�Ð�à{ Ë�Ñ%ÚEË�Ê%Ë5ÖtÓ�Ê%Ë�ÙEÊ%ÓTÙsÓ�Ð Ë�Ñ%ËKÐ8Ñ Ç'ÔEÈÕú�ßzú+Ê%ÈTË�Ê(ÒsÓEÜ�ÕÓ+Ö<ÿ5Ë�Ê%Ë�Ò Ë5ßVß ú"ʹú"ÔsÜÕÒsúTÐ%ú�ßdÈ�ú+ÔEÈ+ßVÇzúøÙsú+Ñ Ç'Ë�Ô>ÑnÐ]Ó�Ô

ÒsÓTÑ%ÚøÖHÊ�Ë�Ë{ú+ÔsÜ?ÿ5ÓTÔsÐ Ñ%Ênú�Ç'ÔEËKÜ?ú�Ð�Ð Óèÿ�Çzú+Ñ8ÇÃÓTÔBàp��Ó��xÙsú"Ê ÇzÐ Ó�ÔsÐ1Ó+Ö½Ñ%ÚEËKÐ8Ë(Ñ7Û ÓqÈ�Ê%Ó�ÉEÙsÐ1Û Ç'Ñ%ÚÕúqÑ%Ú>Ç'ÊnÜ?Ð Ë�Ñ Ó+Öÿ5Ó�Ô>Ñ%Ê%Ó+ß�Ð ÉEÒ�3 ËKÿ5ÑnСÓ�ÔDÊ%ËKÐ ÙsÓTÔsÐ ËxÊnú+Ñ�Ë��½ú�ÿ�ÿ5ÉEÊnúTÿ,����ß'ËKú+Ê%ÔEËKܦÐ8Ñ%Ë�Ê%Ë�Ó�Ñ��>Ù����Bú+ÔsÜ ÖHÊ%Ë�Ëøú�Ð%Ð ÓEÿ�Çzú+Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô¦Û Ó�ÊnÜÿ�ßzú�Ð%ÐdÜTÇzÐ Ñ%Ê8ÇÃÒEÉEÑ8ÇÃÓTÔ Ð ÚEÓTÉ>ß Ü¹Ê%Ë�Ø�ËKú�ßsÑ%ÚEË�Ð Ù ËKÿ�Ç��^ÿ�Ê%Ó"ßÃËKÐOÓ"Ö^Ñ%ÚEË�ÿ5Ë�Ê%Ë�Ò Ë5ß/ß'É�� ú"ÔsÜ�ÒsúTÐ%ú�ßEÈ�ú+ÔEÈ+ßVÇzú]Ç'ÔxÛ Ó�ÊnÜú�Ð%Ð8Óèÿ�Çzú+Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô?ú+ÔsÜk�¿ú&�xú�ßzÐ Ó�ÚEË5ß'Ù?ÉsÐ1Ñ%Ó�Ò Ë�Ñ%Ñ%Ë�Ê ÉEÔsÜ>Ë�ÊnÐ Ñ5ú+ÔsÜxÑ�ÚEË{Ð Ñ�Ê%Ésÿ5Ñ%ÉEÊ%Ë�Ó"Ö^ß'Ë,+>Çzÿ�ú�ß�ú+ÔsÜøÐ Ë��¿ú+Ô>Ñ ÇzÿÊ%Ë�ÙEÊ%ËKÐ8Ë�Ô�Ñnú"Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐp�¿ú+Ô>Ç'ÙEÉ>ßzú+Ñ%ËKÜ�Ò�¿Ñ�ÚEËKÐ Ë�ú+ÔsÜ?ÓTÑ%ÚEË�Ê�ú+Ê%ËKúTÐ�Ó"Ö�Ñ%ÚEË(ÒEÊ5ú�Ç'ÔBà

N´K«µ ¶¸·6¹/º9»"T�T�¼�¹/V9W�½QP� ÚE˶ÖHÓ+ßVß'Ó+Û Ç'ÔEÈ]ÇzÐdú+Ô�Ó�ÉEÑ8ß/Ç'ÔEË�Ó"ÖsÑ%ÚEË�ÙEÊ%ÓTÙsÓ�Ð ËKÜqË,+EÙsË�Ê Ç��xË�Ô>ÑKà��LÑdÛöÇ/ßVßsÿ5Ó�ÔsÐÇzÐ ÑdÓ+ÖsÑ�ÚEÊ%Ë�Ë/�¿ú�ÇÃÔxÐ ËKÿ5Ñ8ÇÃÓTÔsÐ�à�LѶÇzÐ<úTÜ>Ø�ÇzÐ ËKÜ�Ñ%Úsú+Ñ1Ñ%ÚEË�Ñ%ËKÐ Ñ1ÒsË(ÜTÇ'Ø�ÇzÜ>ËKÜ�Ç'Ô¿Úsú�ß/Ö2¦tÖHÓ"ß/ß'Ó+Û Ç'ÔEÈxÐ ËKÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô ü Ò § ú+ÔsÜøú�Ü��Ç'Ô>ÇzÐ Ñ%Ë�Ê%ËKÜ�Ó�Ô¿Ð8Ë�ÙE×ú+Ênú"Ñ%Ë�ÓEÿ�ÿ�ú�ÐÇ'Ó�ÔsжÓ�ÊdÛ Ç'Ñ%Ú¿ú(ÐÇ'È�Ô>Ç��^ÿ�ú+Ô>Ñ�Ù Ë�Ê Ç'ÓèÜ�Ó+Ö�Ê%ËKÐ ÑOÇ'ÔxÒsË�Ñ Û Ë�Ë�ÔBà/� ÚEË Ê%ËKúTÐ Ó�ÔqÖHÓTÊdÒEÊ%ËKú> TÇÃÔEÈ¡Ç'ÑdÉEÙÇ'Ô¿Ñ�Ú>Ç Ð¶ÖLú�Ð Ú>Ç'Ó�Ô�ÇzÐdÒsËKÿ�ú"ÉsÐ Ë(Ñ%ÚEË�ÑnúTÐ� èÐ�Ç'Ô�Ø�Ó"ßÃØTËKÜxÑ%Ë�ÔsÜ�Ñ%Ó(Ò Ë�Ênú"Ñ%ÚEË�Ê/�xË�Ô>Ñnú�ßVß��xÑnú¾+�Ç'ÔEÈsà�� ÚEË�Ç'Ô�Ñ%Ë�Ê�ËKÐ Ñú+Ôsܦÿ5ÓTÔsÿ5Ë�Ô�Ñ%Ê5ú+Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô¦Ó+Ö"�xÓ>Ð Ñ�Ð ÉEÒ�3 ËKÿ5ÑnÐ(ÛöÇ/ßVß ÙEÊ%Ó�Òsú+Ò>ß��¦ÔEÓ�Ñ]ßzú�Ð8Ñ�Ñ%ÚEÊ%ÓTÉEÈ�Ú¦Ñ%ÚEËxË�Ô>Ñ Ç'Ê%ËxË,+EÙsË�Ê8Ç)��Ë�Ô�ÑKà��Ô>ßÃËKÐ�Ð�Ó�Ñ�ÚEË�Ê%Û ÇzÐ Ë]Ç'ÔsÜTÇzÿ�ú+Ñ%ËKÜ9�Bú�ßVß½Û Ó�ÊnÜEÐ1Û ÇVßVßdÒsË�ÙEÊ�ËKÐ Ë�Ô�Ñ�ËKÜøØ�ÇzÐ Ésú�ßVß�� ú"Ñ�Ñ%ÚEË(Ênú+Ñ�Ë�Ó+Ö�Ì(Û Ó�ÊnÜ�Ë�Ø�Ë�Ê��ü à�Í(Ð8ËKÿ5Ó�ÔsÜEÐ�à/� Ú>ÇzжÊnú+Ñ%Ë�ÚsúTÐOÒsË�Ë�ÔÕÿ�ú+Ê%Ë5ÖtÉ>ßVß��¿ÿ%ÚEÓ>Ð Ë�ÔxÑ%Ó�ú�ßVß'Ó+Û�Ð ÉEÒ�3 ËKÿ5ÑnÐOÛ Ç'Ñ%Ú%��ÇVß Ü¹Ç��xÙsú�Ç'Ê��xË�Ô>ÑnÐ1Ñ%ÓÚsú�Ø�Ë�Ð Ó(�xË�ÿ�Úsú+Ôsÿ5Ë�Ó"Ö^Ê%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÜTÇ'ÔEÈ1�EÛ�Ú>ÇVß'Ë(ÔEÓ�ÑdÒ Ë5ÇÃÔEÈøÐ Ó¥Ðß'Ó+ÛðÑ�Úsú+ÑdÔEÓ�Ê��¿ú�ß Ð ÉEÒ�3 ËKÿ5ÑnÐ1ú+Ê%Ë ÔEÓqßÃÓTÔEÈ�Ë�ÊÖtÓ�Ênÿ5ËKÜ�Ñ%ÓÕú+Ñ%Ñ�Ë�ÔsÜÕÑ�Ó¿Ñ%ÚEË�Ñnú�Ð� �à X ß/ß�Ê�ËKÐ ÙsÓ�ÔsÐ8ËKÐ(Û ÇVßVß<Ò ËxÓ�Ênú�ß�ú+ÔsÜ�Ñ%ÚEËxÊ�ËKÐ ÙsÓ�ÔsÐ8ËKÐ(ú+ÔsÜDË,+sú�ÿ5Ñ(Ñ Ç��xËË5ßzú+ÙsÐ ËKÜDÒ Ë�Ñ Û<Ë�Ë�ÔDÐ Ñ Ç���É>ß'ÉsÐ(ÙEÊ%ËKÐ Ë�Ô>Ñnú+Ñ8ÇÃÓTÔ ú+ÔsÜ�Ê%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÐ Ë�Ó�ÔsÐ Ë�Ñ]Û ÇVßVß<Ò Ë¥Ê�ËKÿ5Ó�ÊnÜ>ËKÜ9� Ç'Ô¦ú�ÜEÜTÇ'Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô¦Ñ%ÓÑ%ÚEË�ú�ÿ5Ñ�Ésú�ßBÊ%ËKÐ ÙsÓTÔsÐ Ë�à/¿�ÓxÛ Ó�ÊnÜEÐ ú+ÙEÙsËKú"Ê�Ó�Ô%�xÓ�Ê%Ë(Ñ%Úsú"Ô?Ó�ÔEË�ßVÇzÐ Ñ(ú�ÿ�ÿ5Ë�ÙEÑ�ú�ÐöÓ�Ñ%ÚEË�Ê%Û ÇzÐ Ë]Ç'ÔsÜTÇzÿ�ú+Ñ%ËKÜ�àX ¨�?�D�b�À�ÇzÐ�úxÐÇ'ÔEÈ+ß'Ë�ÙEÊ%ËKÐ Ë�Ô>Ñnú+Ñ8ÇÃÓTÔ?Ó+Ö�ËKúTÿ%Ú?Û Ó�ÊnÜ�Ç'ÔDú�È"ÇÃØTË�Ô?ßVÇzÐ Ñ�Ç'Ô�Ênú+ÔsÜ>Ó���Ç�Y�ËKÜ Ó�ÊnÜ>Ë�ÊKà�1Ó�ÔsÐÇzÜ>Ë�Ênú+Ò>ß'Ë?Û Ó�Ê� ¦ÚsúTÐ�Ò Ë�Ë�Ô Ü>Ó�ÔEËøÇ'Ô�Ñ%ÚEË?ÙsúTÐ Ñ�Ó�Ô�Û Ó�Ênܦú�Ð�Ð Óèÿ�Çzú+Ñ8ÇÃÓTÔðú+ÔsÜ�Ð Ñnú+ÔsÜEú"ÊnÜDßVÇzÐ ÑnÐ

Ó+Ö�Û Ó�ÊnÜEÐ]Û Ë�Ê%ËxÜ>Ë�Ø�Ë5ß'Ó�Ù ËKÜ ÖHÓ�Ê(Ñ�ÚEÓ�Ð ËxÑ%ËKÐ8ÑnÐ�à¿Æ.Ç'Ë�Y¿ÜTÇzÜ ÔEÓ�Ñ�Û Ó�Êi ?ÖtÊ%Ó��»Ñ%ÚEËKР˹ß/ÇzÐ Ñ5Ð��dÒEÉEÑ�Û Ë�Úsú�Ø�ËÜ>ËKÿ�ÇzÜ>ËKܦÑ�ÓÕÿ%ÚEÓ>Ó�Ð ËxÓTÉEÊ�Ð Ñ Ç���É>ß/Ç1ÖHÊ�Ó��Á�xÓ�Ê%ËxÐ Ñ5ú+ÔsÜEú+ÊnÜDÐ Ó�ÉEÊ5ÿ5ËKÐ�à�� Ú>ÇzÐ(Û ÇVßVßöú�ß/ß'Ó+Û ÿ5Ó(�xÙsú+Ê ÇzÐ Ó�ÔDÓ+Ö

Page 86: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

á]â�â�ã1ä�å]æû ñöçÕãdû(â�ã1ï æ*±Dã�ä�ë â�ï(ô â�ô�ó�á]é ÷ �

Ó�ÉEÊ(Ê%ËKÐ8É>ßÃÑ5Ð]Û Ç'Ñ%Ú¦ÙEÊ%Ë�ØTÇ'Ó�ÉsÐß��¦ÿ5Ó��xÙ>ÇVß'ËKܦÔEÓ�Êi�¿ú+Ñ Ç'Ø�ËxÜEú+Ñnúþà7�LÑ�ú�ßzÐ Ó?Ë�ÔsÐ8ÉEÊ%ËKÐ]Ñ%Úsú+Ñ(Ñ%ÚEË�Û Ó�ÊnÜEÐ�Úsú�Ø�Ëú?ÈTÓ�ÓEÜDÜTÇ Ð8Ñ%Ê Ç'ÒEÉEÑ Ç'Ó�Ô�Ó+Ö1ÖHÊ%Ë�-TÉEË�Ôsÿ,���.ß'Ë�ÔEÈ�Ñ%Ú��dú+ÔsÜ�ÖtÓ�Ê��Õà�hOÓ>Ð%ÐÇ'Ò>ß��¦Ñ%ÚEË��xÓ>Ð Ñ(Û ÇzÜ>Ë5ß��¦ÉsÐ ËKÜ�ßVÇzÐ ÑqÇ'ÔÑ%ÚEËqÙsú�Ð Ñ6 � ��ËKú+ÊnÐ ÚsúTÐ�Ò Ë�Ë�Ô Ñ�Úsú+Ñ�Ü>Ë�Ø�Ë5ß'Ó�Ù ËKÜÕÒ�:hdú�ß'Ë�Ê��xÓøú+ÔsÜ:²+Ë�Ô� TÇ'ÔsÐ�¦*hdú�ßÃË�Êi�xÓ¿ú+ÔsÜ�²+Ë�Ô� �Ç'ÔsÐ��Ì���ù 1à ��Ênú>�xË�Ê&�^Ì&��ù�ý § àÄj�Ë�Ø�Ë�Ênú�ßdÐ Ñ%ÉsÜTÇ'ËKÐ�ÉsÐ7ÇÃÔEÈøØ�ú"Ê Ç'Ó�ÉsÐp�xË�Ñ%ÚEÓEÜ>Ó+ß'Ó�È+Ç'ËKÐ]ú+ÔsÜÕÐ8ÉEÒ�37ËKÿ5Ñ�È�Ê%Ó�ÉEÙsÐ1Úsú�Ø�ËÒsË�Ë�Ô ÙsË�Ê ÖtÓ�Ê��xËKÜ�ÉsÐÇ'ÔEÈ?Ñ%ÚEËKÐ8Ë¥Û Ó�Ê5ÜEÐ�à75ÕÓ>Ð Ñ�Ó+Ö Ñ%ÚEË�Û Ó�ÊnÜEÐ]Ð Ë5ß'ËKÿ5Ñ%ËKÜ�ÖtÓ�Ê]Ó�ÉEÊ]ßVÇzÐ ÑnÐ(ú+ÙEÙ ËKú+Ê(Ó�ÔDÑ%ÚEËhdú�ß'Ë�Ê��xÓ�ú"ÔsÜ�²+Ë�Ô� TÇÃÔsжßVÇzÐ ÑKà ü[ ú�ÜEÜTÇ'Ñ Ç'Ó�Ôsú�ßBÛ Ó�ÊnÜEÐOÚsú�Ø�Ë ÒsË�Ë�Ô?Ð Ë5ß'ËKÿ5Ñ%ËKܹÖHÊ%Ó(� ú�ß/ÇzÐ Ñ ÉsÐ ËKÜ¥ÇÃÔøú�Ð Ñ%ÉsÜ�Ò�¯­dÔ>Ñ Û ÇzÐß'Ë�¦nÌ���ù�ù § �½ú�ÐqÑ%ÚEË\hdú�ß'Ë�Ê��xÓTש²+Ë�Ô� �Ç'ÔsÐqßVÇzÐ Ñ¿ÜTÇzÜ ÔEÓ�Ñ¥ÿ5Ó�Ô>Ñnú�Ç'Ô�Ë�ÔEÓ�ÉEÈTÚ Û Ó�ÊnÜEÐqÓ+Ö(ÿ5Ë�Ê%Ñnú�Ç'Ôÿ�ßzú�Ð%Ð ËKÐöÖtÓ�Ê Ó�ÉEÊ�ÙEÉEÊ%Ù Ó�Ð ËKÐ�à�öÚEË�Ë,+èÙ Ë�Ê Ç��xË�Ô>Ñnú�ß^ÙEÊ�Ó�Ñ%ÓEÿ5Ó+ß�ÇzÐ Ð ÚEÓ+Û�ÔqÇ'Ôt�Oú+Ò>ß'Ë�ùEà�­1ú�ÿ%Ú�Ñnú�Ð� ¡ÇÃÔ�Ñ%ÚEË�Ë,+EÙsË�Ê Ç��xË�Ô>Ñ Û ÇVß/ß�ÒsË]ÙEÊ%Ë�×

ÿ5ËKÜ>ËKÜøÒ�xÑ Û<Ó(Ò>ß'ÓEÿ� EÐ Ó+Ö½ú+Ô?ý(Û Ó�Ê5ÜxÙEÊnúTÿ5Ñ Çzÿ5Ë�ßVÇzÐ ÑKà/h¶Ênú�ÿ5Ñ Çzÿ5Ë7Å ÇzÐ Ñ�Ì]ÿ5Ó�ÔsÐÇzÐ ÑnÐ1Ó+Ö½ÔEÓTÉEÔsÐ��Eú�Ü&37ËKÿ5Ñ8ÇÃØTËKÐ��ú�Ü>Ø�Ë�Ê�ÒsÐ��^ú"ÔsÜ?Ø�Ë�Ê%ÒsÐ��^ú+ÔsÜ�Û ÇVßVß�ÒsË�ÉsÐ ËKÜ ÖHÓTÊ{Ð ËKÿ5Ñ8ÇÃÓTÔsÐ�Ì�� ü Ü9� ü Ë���ú+ÔsÜ�ÂEà"hdÊnúTÿ5Ñ Çzÿ5ËÆÅ^Ç Ð8Ñ ü ÿ5Ó�ÔsÐ7Ç Ð8ÑnÐË�Ô>Ñ Ç'Ê%Ë5ß��ÕÓ+Ö�ÔEÓ�ÉEÔsÐ(ú"ÔsÜ?Û ÇVßVß�ÒsË�ÉsÐ ËKÜ ÖtÓ�Ê{Ð8ËKÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐ ü ú�� ü Ò��^ú+ÔsÜ ü ÿ+à]­�+EÙsË�Ê Ç��xË�Ô>Ñ%Ë�Ê]ÖtË�ËKÜ>Òsú�ÿi ?Û ÇVß/ßÒsË�ÙEÊ%Ó+Ø�ÇzÜ>ËKÜøú�ÖHÑ�Ë�ÊdËKú�ÿ%Ú�ÙEÊnú�ÿ5Ñ Çzÿ5Ë�Ò>ß'ÓEÿ� xÑ�Ó(Ë�ÔsÐ ÉEÊ%Ë�Ñ%Úsú"ÑdÑ%ÚEË�Ð ÉEÒ�3 ËKÿ5Ñ�ÉEÔsÜ>Ë�Ê5Ð Ñ%Ó>ÓèÜ�Ñ�ÚEË Ç'ÔsÐ Ñ%Ê%Ésÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐú+ÔsÜ�ÇzÐ]ÿ5Ó���ÖtÓ�Ê%Ñnú+Ò>ß'Ë(Û Ç'Ñ%Ú?Ñ�ÚEË¥ú+ÙEÙsú+Ê5ú+Ñ%ÉsÐ�à}1Ë5ÖtÓ�Ê%Ë�Ñ�ÚEË�Ë,+èÙ Ë�Ê Ç��xË�Ô>Ñ��Eÿ5Ó�Ô�Ñ�Ê%Ó+ßzÐdÛ ÇVßVßBÒsË]Ñ%Ó+ßzÜ�Ñ%Úsú"Ñ�Ñ%ÚEË���Û ÇVßVßBÒsË]Ùsú+Ê%Ñ Çzÿ�Ç'Ùsú+Ñ Ç'ÔEÈqÇ'Ô ú¡Û<ÓTÊnÜ�ú�Ð ×

Ð ÓEÿ�Çzú+Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô¿Ð Ñ�ÉsÜ��ÒsËKÿ�ú"ÉsÐ Ë�Û Ë ÒsË5ßVÇ'Ë�Ø�Ë�Ñ�Úsú+Ñ�ÿ5Ë�Ê�Ñnú�Ç'Ô�ÖtÓ�Ê��¿Ð.Ó+Ö^ÒEÊ5ú�Ç'Ô¹ÜEú[�¿ú+È�Ë Ê%ËKÐ É>ß'ÑOÇ'Ô�Ç��xÙsú�Ç'Ê���Ë�Ô�ÑnÐÇ'Ô¦ú�Ð%Ð ÓEÿ�Çzú+Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô ú"Ò>Ç/ßVÇ'Ñ Ç'ËKÐ�à7}2� ÿ5Ó(�xÙsú+Ê Ç'ÔEÈøÑ%ÚEË�Ê%ËKÐ8É>ßÃÑ5Ð�Ó+Ö�ÔEÓTÊ��¿ú�ß½ÿ5Ó�Ô>Ñ%Ê%Ó+ßzÐ]Ð Ésÿ�Ú ú�Ð Ñ�ÚEË��¿Ð Ë5ß'Ø�ËKÐ]Ñ%ÓÑ%ÚEÓ�Ð8Ë¥Ó"Ö<Ùsú+Ñ Ç'Ë�Ô>ÑnÐ]Û Ç'Ñ%Ú¦ÒEÊ5ú�Ç'Ô ÜEú>�¿ú+ÈTË���Û<Ë��¿ú&��ÒsË¿ú+Ò>ß'ËxÑ�ÓÕÜ>Ë�Ø�Ë5ß'Ó�Ù úøÔEË�Û Ñ�ËKÿ%ÚEÔ>Ç@-TÉEË�ÖHÓTÊ�ÜTÇ Ð8×ÿ5Ó+Ø�Ë�Ê Ç'ÔEÈ¿Ð Ésÿ�ÚÕÙEÊ�Ó�Ò>ß'Ë��¿Ð�ú"ÔsÜ�ÖHÓ�Ê�Ü>Ë�Ñ%ËKÿ5Ñ8ÇÃÔEÈøÑ%ÚEË�ÜTÇ Ð8ËKú�Ð ËKÐ�Û�Ú>Çzÿ%Ú��¿ú&�¿ÿ�ú+ÉsÐ ËqÑ%ÚEË��Õà�öÚEË úTÿ5Ñ%Ésú�ß{Ð ÉEÒy37ËKÿ5ÑnÐøÛöÇ/ßVß�Ò Ë¦Ñ%Ó+ßzÜ Ñ%Úsú+ÑøÛ ËÕÚsú�Ø�ËDÊ%ËKÿ5Ë�Ô>Ñ ß�� ÜTÇzÐ%ÿ5Ó+Ø�Ë�Ê%ËKÜ Ñ%Úsú+ÑøÑ%ÚE˦ú+Ê%ËKúTÐxÓ+Ö

Ñ%ÚEËDÒEÊnú�Ç'Ô Ç'ÔòÛ�Ú>Çzÿ%ÚòÑ%ÚEË�� ÚsúKØTË?Ç'Ôsÿ5ÉEÊ%Ê%ËKÜ ß'ËKÐÇ'Ó�ÔsÐ%�øú���Ù>ßzú&�ðÊ�Ó+ß'ËKÐ�Ç'Ôòßzú+ÔEÈ�Ésú"È�Ë���ú+ÔsÜ Ñ%Úsú+ÑøÒ��Ð Ñ%ÉsÜ�TÇ'ÔEÈÕÑ%ÚEË5Ç'Êxú+Ò>ÇVßVÇ'Ñ Ç'ËKÐ�Ó�Ô¦Ñ%ÚEËKÐ8ËxÛ Ó�ÊnÜDú�Ð%Ð ÓEÿ�Çzú+Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô¦Ñ5ú�Ð� EÐ���Û Ë��¿ú&�ÕÊ%Ë�ØTËKú�ß�Ë,+þúTÿ5Ñ ß�� ÚEÓ+ÛõÑ%ÚEËKÐ Ëú+Ê%ËKúTÐ�ÿ5Ó�Ô>Ñ%Ê Ç'ÒEÉEÑ%Ë(Ñ%Ó�ßzú+ÔEÈTÉsú+È�Ë�àh¶Ê Ç'Ó�ÊxÑ%ÓDËKú�ÿ�Ú Ð8ËKÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô�Ó+Ö(Ñ%ÚEËÕË,+EÙsË�Ê Ç��xË�Ô>Ñ�� Ñ%ÚEËøÖtÓ+ßVß'Ó+Û Ç'ÔEȦÇ'ÔsÐ Ñ%Ê�Ésÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐxÛöÇ/ßVß(ÒsËDÜTÇ Ð8Ù>ß ú&��ËKÜ�à

� ÚEËøÇ'ÔsÐ Ñ%Ê�Ésÿ5Ñ%Ó�ÊøÛ ÇVß/ß�ú�ßVß'Ó+ÛíÑ%ÚEËÕÐ ÉEÒ�3 ËKÿ5ÑxÑ%Ó Ê%ËKú�Ü�Ñ%ÚEË ÇÃÔsÐ8Ñ%Ê%Ésÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐøú+ÔsÜ�Û ÇVßVß{Ñ�ÚEË�ÔðÙsú+Ênú"ÙEÚEÊnú�Ð Ë��Ë��xÙEÚsú�Ð7Ç)Y�Ë�� Ó�Ê�Ë,+EÙ>ßzú�Ç'ÔDÑ%ÚEË7�¿ú�Ç'Ô?ÙsÓ"ÇÃÔ>ÑnÐ�Ó+ÖdËKú�ÿ%Ú?Ùsú"È�Ë(Ó+ÖOÇÃÔsÐ8Ñ%Ê%Ésÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐ�à

�BÓEÜEú&�w��Ó�ÉðÛöÇ/ßVß�Ò Ë¦ÙsË�Ê ÖtÓ�Ê��¹ÇÃÔEÈ�ú ÖtË�Û Û Ó�ÊnÜ ú�Ð%Ð ÓEÿ�Çzú+Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔòÑnú�Ð# èÐ�à¸ÇdÓ�É�ÿ�ú+ÔòÑ%Ú>Ç'Ô� Ó+Ö�Ñ%ÚEËKÐ Ë úTÐxÛ Ó�ÊnÜ È�ú[�xËKÐ�à ÆþÓ�Ê¿ËKúTÿ%Ú�Ð ËKÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô��]��ÓTÉ ÛöÇ/ßVß�Òs˦ú�Ð� �ËKÜ Ñ%Ó�Ê�ËKÐ ÙsÓ�ÔsÜ Ç'ÔØ�ú+Ê Ç'Ó�ÉsÐöÛöú&�EÐ�ú�Ðp-TÉ>Çzÿ� Tß��Õú�Ð2��Ó�É?ÿ�ú+ÔBà�ÇdÓ�ÉøÛ ÇVßVß�Ò Ë(È+Ç'Ø�Ë�ÔÕú�ÿ%Úsú+Ôsÿ5Ë(Ñ�Ó(Ç��xÙEÊ%Ó+Ø�Ë7��ÓTÉEÊÙsË�Ê ÖtÓ�Ê��¿ú"Ôsÿ5Ë<ÛöÇÃÑ�Ú¥ÙEÊ5ú�ÿ5Ñ Çzÿ5Ë�à�hOß'ËKú�Ð Ë�Ê�ËKú�Ü(Ñ%ÚEË1ÖtÓ+ßVß'Ó�ÛöÇÃÔEÈqÙsú+È�ËKÐ.Ó+ÖsÇ'ÔsÐ Ñ�Ê%Ésÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐ�à�ÇdÓ�ÉEÊÇÃÔsÐ8Ñ%Ê%Ésÿ5Ñ%Ó�ÊqÛ ÇVßVß�ú"ÔsÐ Û Ë�Ê¥ú+Ô�$-TÉEËKÐ Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐC��Ó�Éu�¿ú&� Úsú�Ø�Ë�à%{òÚEË�ÔZ��ÓTÉ ú+Ê%Ë¿Ü>ÓTÔEË¿Û Ç'Ñ%ÚËKú�ÿ%Ú?Ùsú"È�Ë��EÙEÊ%ËKÐ%Ð�ú+Ô��% �Ë��øÑ%Óxÿ5Ó�Ô>Ñ Ç'Ô�ÉEËqÓ�Ô?Ñ%ÓxÑ%ÚEË(ÔEË,+EÑ�Ó�ÔEË�à

Page 87: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

á]â�â�ã1ä�å]æû ñöçÕãdû(â�ã1ï æ*±Dã�ä�ë â�ï(ô â�ô�ó�á]é ý �

� ÚEË�Û<ÓTÊnÜEÐ]Û ÇVßVß<ÒsË�ÙEÊ%ËKÐ Ë�Ô>Ñ%ËKÜDÑ%Ó\��ÓTÉ ú"Ñ�úøÊnú+Ñ%Ë�Ó+Ö(Ì�Û<ÓTÊnÜ�Ë�Ø�Ë�Ê�� ü à�Í?Ð ËKÿ5Ó�ÔsÜEÐ�à X Ñ�sÊnÐ ÑdÑ%Ú>ÇzÐdÛöÇ/ßVßBÐ Ë�Ë�� Ø�Ë�Êi��ÖLú�Ð Ñ&�+ÒEÉEÑ���Ó�ÉxÛ ÇVßVß Ð8Ó�Ó�Ô�È�Ë�ÑdÉsÐ ËKÜ�Ñ%Ó]Ç'ÑKàÄ�tÖ0�TÓ�É��sÔsÜ���ÓTÉEÊnÐ Ë5ßVÖÖZú�ßVßVÇ'ÔEÈ¿Ò Ë�Ú>Ç'ÔsÜ9�½Ü>Ó�Ô�8 Ñ È+Ç'Ø�ËqÉEÙBà°²"ÉsÐ Ñ�Ç'È�ÔEÓTÊ%Ë�ú�Û Ó�ÊnÜ?ú+ÔsÜ�Ð Ñnú+Ê�Ñöú"È�ú�Ç'Ô?Û Ç'Ñ%ÚÕÑ�ÚEË(ÔEË,+èÑÓ�ÔEË�à´j�Ó���Ë�Ñ Ç��xËKÐ%��Ó�É Û ÇVß/ß�Ò ËDÊ%ËKú�ÜTÇ'ÔEÈ�Ñ%ÚEËDÛ Ó�ÊnÜEÐxú+ÔsÜ Ó�Ñ�ÚEË�Ê¿Ñ Ç��xËKÐ%�TÓ�ÉðÛ ÇVßVß�ÒsËß/ÇzÐ Ñ�Ë�Ô>ÇÃÔEÈ�Ñ%ÓDÑ%ÚEË��Õà�j�Ó��xË�Ñ Ç��xËKÐC��ÓTÉ Û ÇVßVß(ÒsËÕÐ Ù ËKú> �Ç'ÔEÈZ�TÓ�ÉEÊ�Ê%ËKÐ ÙsÓTÔsÐ ËKÐxú+ÔsÜ�Ó�Ñ�ÚEË�ÊÑ Ç��xËKÐp��Ó�É?ÛöÇ/ßVßdÒsËqÛ�Ê Ç'Ñ Ç'ÔEÈxÑ%ÚEË��»Ü>Ó+Û�ÔBà}�Ë5ÖtÓ�Ê%Ë1ËKú�ÿ�ڥРËKÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô��+Û Ë1Û ÇVß/ßsÑ�Ë5ß/ß1�TÓ�É(Ë,+þúTÿ5Ñ ß���ÚEÓ+Û¯�TÓ�É¥ú+Ê�Ë�Ñ%Ó�Ê�ËKÐ ÙsÓ�ÔsÜ�àdÏ]Ó�Ô�8 ÑBÛ Ó�Ê%Ê��ú+ÒsÓ�ÉEÑ Ñ%ÚEË]Ë,+sú�ÿ5Ñ�ÿ5Ó�Ô�Ñ�Ë�Ô�Ñ Ó+Ö���Ó�ÉEÊ Û Ó�ÊnÜEÐ�à�{ Ë{ú+Ê�Ë�ÔEÓ�Ñ È�Ó"ÇÃÔEÈ�Ñ%Ó�Ñ%Êi�¥Ñ�Ó¹ú"Ôsú�ß���Y�Ë7��ÓTÉEÊÙsË�ÊnÐ ÓTÔsú�ßVÇÃÑ��xÓTÊ<ú+Ô��Ñ�Ú>ÇÃÔEÈqßVÇ� �Ë(Ñ%Úsú+Ñ�à�{¦Ë(ú+Ê%Ë�ÓTÔ>ß)�?ÿ5Ó�Ôsÿ5Ë�Ê%ÔEËKÜ�Û Ç'Ñ%ÚøÑ%ÚEË(Ð ÙsË�ËKÜøÓ+Ö���ÓTÉEÊÊ%ËKÐ ÙsÓTÔsÐ ËKÐ�ú+ÔsܦÑ�Úsú+ÑS��ÓTɦÉsÐ ËøÑ%ÚEË ÿ5ÓTÊ%Ê%ËKÿ5Ñ�Ñ���Ù Ë¿Ó+Ö�Ê%ËKÐ8ÙsÓ�ÔsÐ Ë�à��.Ê��¦Ñ%ÓDÐ%ú&� Ñ�ÚEË��sÊnÐ8ÑÑ%Ú>Ç'ÔEÈ?Û�Ú>Çzÿ%Ú¦ÿ5Ó��xËKÐ�Ñ%Ó%��Ó�ÉEÊ]��Ç'ÔsÜ�Û�Ú>Çzÿ%Ú Ð�ú+Ñ ÇzÐÈ�sËKÐ�Ñ%ÚEËqÇÃÔsÐ8Ñ%Ê%Ésÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐ�à]�ZÖ<Û Ë�ÙEÊ%ËKÐ8Ë�Ô�ÑÑ%ÚEËxÐ%ú>�xË¡ß/ÇzÐ ÑqÓ+Ö<Û Ó�Ê5ÜEÐ�Ñ%Ó%��Ó�ɦú+È>ú�Ç'Ô�� ÇÃÑ]ÇzÐqú�ß'Ê Ç'È�Ú�Ñ(Ñ�Ó¿Ê%ËKÐ8ÙsÓ�ÔsÜDÑ�ÚE˹Ð�ú>�xË�Û�ú��\�TÓ�ÉÜTÇ Ü Ñ%ÚEË�ÙEÊ%Ë�Ø�Ç'Ó�ÉsÐ¡Ñ Ç��xË�à�v�Ó�Û Ë�Ø�Ë�Ê&�1��ÓTÉ$�øú���ÉsÐ ËxÜTÇ�' Ë�Ê�Ë�Ô�ÑqÊ%ËKÐ ÙsÓTÔsÐ ËKÐ�ÇVÖ��TÓ�ÉDÛ<ÓTÉ>ß Üß/Ç� �Ë�à}�Ë5ÖtÓ�Ê%Ë�ËKú�ÿ�Ú ÔEË�Û Ð8ËKÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô���Û ËÕÛöÇ/ßVß�ÚsúKØTË:��Ó�ÉòÜ>Ó�Ñ Û<Ó ÙEÊnú�ÿ5Ñ Çzÿ5ËDÑ%Ê Çzú�ßzÐ�à´� Ú>ÇzÐ?ÛöÇ/ßVßÚEË5ßÃÙ\�TÓ�É¿ÈTË�ÑöúTÿ�-�Ésú�Ç'Ô>Ñ%ËKÜ�Û Ç'Ñ%Ú?Ñ%ÚEË]ÔEË�ÛòÇ'ÔsÐ Ñ%Ê%Ésÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐ�à/� ÚEË�ÇÃÔsÐ8Ñ%Ê%Ésÿ5Ñ%Ó�Ê Û ÇVßVß½È+Ç'Ø�Ë7�TÓ�ÉÖHË�ËKÜ>Òsú�ÿi øÓ�Ô?ÚEÓ+Ûl��Ó�ÉÕú+Ê�Ë�Ü>Ó+Ç'ÔEÈsà

}1Ë�Ñ Û Ë�Ë�Ô?ËKú�ÿ�Ú?Ò>ßÃÓEÿi 0� Ñ%ÚEË��øÛ ÇVß/ß�Ð Ë�Ë(Ñ%ÚEË¡ÖHÓ"ß/ß'Ó+Û Ç'ÔEÈ��xËKÐ�Ð%ú+È�Ë�Î

ÇdÓ�É�Û ÇVßVß^ÔEÓ+Û�ÒsË ÙEÊ%ËKÐ Ë�Ô>Ñ%ËKÜqÛ Ç'Ñ%Ú�Ñ%ÚEË�Ð%ú>��ËdßVÇzÐ ÑdÓ+ÖsÛ Ó�ÊnÜEÐ���ÒEÉEÑdÑ%ÚEË��C�¿ú&�(ÒsË�ú+Ê%Ênú"ÔEÈ�ËKÜÇÃÔxú(ÜTÇ�'BË�Ê%Ë�Ô>ÑdÓ�ÊnÜ>Ë�ÊKà�hOË�Ê ÖHÓTÊ�� Ñ�ÚEËöÐ�ú>�xË�Ñ5ú�Ð� (Ñ%Úsú+Ñ���Ó�ÉxÜTÇzÜqÓ�Ô�Ñ%ÚEË1ßzú�Ð ÑdÙEÊ%ËKÐ Ë�Ô>Ñnú+Ñ8ÇÃÓTÔBà� Ë��xË���ÒsË�Ê]Ñ%Úsú+Ñ�Ð Ù Ë�ËKÜøÇzÐ�ØTË�Ê��xÇ��xÙ Ó�Ê%Ñnú"Ô�ÑKà�h¶Ê%ËKÐ%Ð�ú+Ô�% �Ë��¿Ñ�ÓxÒsË�È+Ç'ÔBà

X ÖtÑ%Ë�Ê Ñ%ÚEË�Ñ Û Ó�ÙEÊnú�ÿ5Ñ Çzÿ5Ë(Ñ%Ê Çzú�ßzÐ�� Ñ%ÚEË��øÛ ÇVßVß�Ò Ë(Ç'ÔsÐ Ñ%Ê%Ésÿ5Ñ�ËKÜ�Î

� Úsú+Ñ1ÇzÐ Ñ%ÚEË]Ë�ÔsÜøÓ+Ö���Ó�ÉEÊ ÙEÊnúTÿ5Ñ Çzÿ5Ë�à/ÇdÓ�ÉøÛ ÇVßVß�ÔEÓ+ÛòÙsË�Ê8ÖHÓ�Êi� Ñ�ÚEË{Ð%ú[�xË(Ñnú�Ð� �Ó�ÔÕúqÔEË�Ûß/ÇzÐ Ñ]Ó+Ö½Û Ó�Ê5ÜEÐ�à�ÇdÓ�ÉEÊ�Ê�ËKÐ ÙsÓ�ÔsÐ8ËKÐ Ó�ÔÕÑ�Ú>Ç Ð<ß/ÇzÐ Ñ]Û ÇVßVß�Ò Ë�Ê%ËKÿ5ÓTÊnÜ>ËKÜ�à

N´K�É Ê7¹/R�Ë9W�OQP̵6ÍwÎCº9¹/¹�ÏÐV9V9OSR�W�»pË9W�OQP� ÚEË��sÊ5Ð Ñ�Ð ËKÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔDÓ+Ö Ñ%ÚEËxË,+EÙsË�Ê Ç��xË�Ô>Ñ(ÇzÐ]ÖtÊ%Ë�Ëxú�Ð%Ð8Óèÿ�Çzú+Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔBà X ÐÇ'ÔEÈ+ß'Ët � Û<ÓTÊnÜ ß/ÇzÐ ÑqÛ ÇVßVß<ÒsË�ÉsÐ ËKÜ9�Û�Ú>Çzÿ�Ú ÿ5Ó�ÔsÐÇzÐ Ñ5Ð�Ó"Ö¹Ì � ÔEÓ�ÉEÔsÐ���Ì � ú�Ü&3 ËKÿ5Ñ Ç'Ø�ËKÐ��1ú+ÔsÜòÌ � Ø�Ë�Ê%ÒsÐ�à ÷ Ò>ß'Óèÿi EÐ�Û ÇVßVß�ÒsË�ÙEÊ%ËKÐ Ë�Ô>Ñ%ËKÜ�ú+ÔsÜÐ ÉEÒ�3 ËKÿ5ÑnÐ¡Û ÇVß/ß ÒsË¿úTÐ� �ËKÜDÑ%Ó?Ê�ËKÐ ÙsÓ�ÔsÜ Û Ç'Ñ%Ú¦Ñ%ÚEË��sÊ5Ð Ñ(ÔEÓ�ÔE×LÐ Ñ Ç���É>ß'ÉsÐqÛ<ÓTÊnÜ�Û�Ú>Çzÿ%Ú�ÿ5Ó��xËKÐ]Ñ%Ó\�¹ÇÃÔsÜ�à

Page 88: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

á]â�â�ã1ä�å]æû ñöçÕãdû(â�ã1ï æ*±Dã�ä�ë â�ï(ô â�ô�ó�á]é ýEÌ

� ÚEË È�Ó�ú�ß�Ó+ÖsÑ%Ú>ÇzÐOÐ ËKÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔqÇzÐOÑ%Ó{Ü>Ë�Ñ�Ë�Ê���Ç'ÔEË Ñ%ÚEË�Ð ÉEÒ�3 ËKÿ5ÑnÐ�8+ú+Ò>ÇVß/Ç'Ñ���Ñ�Ó{Ü>Ë�Ø�Ë5ß'Ó�ÙxÐ Ñ�Ë�Ê%Ë�Ó�Ñ���Ù ËKÜqÊ%ËKÐ ÙsÓTÔsÐ ËKÐú+ÔsÜ Ñ%Ó?Ç��xÙEÊ�Ó�ØTË¿Ñ%ÚEË?Ð Ù Ë�ËKÜ�Ó+Ö�Ñ%ÚEË5Ç'Ê�Ê%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÐ ËKÐ�àZ� ÚEË?ÜTÇzÐ Ñ%Ê Ç'ÒEÉEÑ Ç'Ó�Ô Ó+Ö�Ê%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÐ ËøÑ*�>ÙsËKÐqÊ%Ë5ßzú+Ñ8ÇÃØTËÑ%Ó¦Ð Ñ Ç���É>ß'ÉsÐxÑ��>ÙsËKÐ��øú���È+Ç'Ø�Ë?ÉsÐxÐ8Ó��xËøÇ'ÔsÜTÇzÿ�ú+Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔòÓ+Ö(Û<ÓTÊnÜ ÿ�ßzú�Ð�Ð�Ê%Ë5ßzú+Ñ%ËKÜ Ë,' ËKÿ5Ñ5Ð�Ó+Ö�Ñ%ÚEË?ÒEÊ5ú�Ç'ÔÜEú>�¿ú"È�Ë�àw�LÔ�ÔEÓTÊ��¿ú�ß{Ð8ÉEÒ�37ËKÿ5Ñ5Ð���Ê5ú+Ù>ÇzÜðÐ Ñ%Ë�Ê�Ë�Ó�Ñ���Ù ËKÜ�Ê%ËKÐ ÙsÓTÔsÐ ËKÐqÖtÓ�Ê��xÓ�Ð8Ñ¥ÓTÊ¿ú�ßVß{Ð Ñ Ç���É>ßVÇ¡Ð8ÚEÓ�É>ßzÜËKú�ÐÇVß��xÒ Ë{ú�ÿ�Ú>Ç'Ë�Ø�ËKÜ�Ò���Ñ%ÚEË�Ð8Ë�Ø�Ë�Ô�Ñ�ÚxÒ>ß'Óèÿi ^àÄ�LÑdÇzÐ1Ë,+EÙsËKÿ5Ñ%ËKÜ�Ñ%Úsú+Ñ ÿ5Ë�Ê%Ë�ÒsË5ßVßzú+Ê�Ó�ÊdÒsúTÐ%ú�ß^Ùsú"Ñ Ç'Ë�Ô�ÑnÐÄ�¿ú&�ÔEÓ�Ñ ß'ËKú+Ê�Ô ú�Ð%Ð8Óèÿ�Çzú+Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐ<ÇÃÔ�Ñ%Ú>ÇzÐ ÖLú�Ð Ú>Ç'Ó�ÔBà}1Ë5ÖtÓ�Ê%Ë�Ñ%ÚEËC�sÊnÐ Ñ]Ò>ß'Óèÿi DÓ+Ö<ÙEÊ5ú�ÿ5Ñ Çzÿ5Ë���Ñ%ÚEËqÖHÓ"ß/ß'Ó+Û Ç'ÔEÈ?Ç'ÔsÐ Ñ�Ê%Ésÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐ(ÛöÇ/ßVß�ú+ÙEÙsËKú+Ê(ÓTÔ Ñ�ÚE˹ÜTÇzÐ Ù>ßzú&�

Ð%ÿ5Ê%Ë�Ë�ÔBÎÇdÓ�É�Û ÇVßVß�ÔEÓ+Û Ò Ë?ÙEÊ%ËKÐ Ë�Ô>Ñ%ËKÜ�Û Ç'Ñ%Úðú�ßVÇzÐ ÑxÓ"Ö�ÖZú[��ÇVß/Çzú+ÊøÛ Ó�ÊnÜEÐ��OÓ�ÔEËÕú"ѹú Ñ Ç��xË�à¯� ÚEËÛ<ÓTÊnÜEÐdÛ ÇVßVß½ú+ÙEÙsËKú"Ê�Ç'Ô?Ñ%ÚEË(ÿ5Ë�Ô>Ñ%Ë�Ê�Ó+ÖOÑ%Ú>ÇzÐ<Ð�ÿ5Ê%Ë�Ë�ÔBà�ÆEÓTÊ�ËKú�ÿ�Ú¿Û Ó�Ê5Ü9����Ó�Ék�¥ÉsÐ8Ñ<Ê�ËKÐ ÙsÓ�ÔsÜÛ Ç'Ñ%Ú Ñ�ÚEË��sÊnÐ8Ñ�Ê%Ë5ßzú+Ñ%ËKÜ Û Ó�ÊnÜDÛ�Ú>Ç ÿ�Úðÿ5Ó��xËKÐqÑ%Ó���Ç'ÔsÜ�àZ� ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÜ�ú�ÐS-TÉ>Çzÿ� Tß�� úTÐS�TÓ�Éÿ�ú+ÔBà�}�Ë�Ð8ÉEÊ%Ë�Ñ�Úsú+Ñp��Ó�ÉEÊ�Ê�ËKÐ ÙsÓ�ÔsÐ8Ë�ÿ5Ó�ÔsÐÇzÐ ÑnÐ1Ó�Ô>ß��øÓ+Ö�ú�Ð7ÇÃÔEÈ"ßÃËqÛ Ó�ÊnÜ�Û�Ú>Çzÿ�ÚøÇzÐ�ÜTÇ�' Ë�Ê�Ë�Ô�ÑÖHÊ%Ó(� Ñ%ÚEË�Û<ÓTÊnÜ?ÙEÊ%ËKÐ8Ë�Ô�Ñ%ËKÜ�à��öË��xË���ÒsË�Ê�Ñ�Úsú+Ñ�Ð ÙsË�ËKÜ ÇzÐ]Ø�Ë�Ê���Ç��xÙsÓTÊ%Ñnú+Ô>ÑKà�hdÊ%ËKÐ%Ð(ú"Ô�� �Ë��¿Ñ�Ó¥Ò Ë�È+Ç'ÔBà

N´K�M Ê7¹/R�Ë9W�OQPÑÉQÍ�N�OQPQVÒË9º0»�W,PS¹/ÓÑÏÐV9V9OSR�Wi»pË0W�OQP� ÚEËxÐ ËKÿ5Ó�ÔsÜDÐ ËKÿ5Ñ8ÇÃÓTÔ Ó"Ö<Ñ%ÚEËqË,+èÙ Ë�Ê Ç��xË�Ô�Ñ¡ÇzÐ(ÿ5Ó�ÔsÐ Ñ%Ênú�ÇÃÔEËKÜ ú�Ð%Ð ÓEÿ�Çzú+Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔBà]�LÑ]ÇzÐ�Ç��xÙsÓTÊ%Ñnú+Ô>Ñ(Ñ%Úsú+Ñ]Ñ%Ú>ÇzÐÖtÓ+ßVßÃÓ+Û ÖHÊ%Ë�Ë]ú�Ð%Ð ÓEÿ�Çzú+Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔxÒ ËKÿ�ú+ÉsÐ Ë]Ó+Ö^ÙEÊ Ç���Ç'ÔEÈ�Ë,'BËKÿ5ÑnÐ�à�hOË�Ê ÖHÓTÊ���Ç'ÔEÈ¥ú(ÿ5Ó�ÔsÐ8Ñ%Ênú�Ç'ÔEËKÜøú�Ð%Ð ÓEÿ�Çzú+Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔxÑnúTÐ� Û ÇVßVß^È�Ê�ËKú+Ñ ß��(Ç'ÔÔsÉEË�Ôsÿ5Ë(ú(Ð ÉEÒ�3 ËKÿ5Ñ�8�ÐOÊ%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÐ ËKжÓ�Ôxú+Ô���Ð ÉEÒsÐ Ë�-TÉEË�Ô�ѶÖHÊ�Ë�ËöúTÐ%Ð ÓEÿ�Ç ú"Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐ�à/� Ú>ÇzÐdÐ ËKÿ5Ñ8ÇÃÓTÔÿ5Ó�ÔsÐÇzÐ Ñ5Ð�Ó"Ö<ÖtÓ�ÉEÊ ü�� ×tÛ Ó�Ê5Ü�ßVÇ Ð8ÑnÐ�àDÆ.ÇÃØTË¿Ò>ß'ÓEÿ� EÐqÓ+Ö�ËKú�ÿ�Ú¦ßVÇzÐ Ñ�Û ÇVßVß�ÒsËøÙEÊ%ËKÐ Ë�Ô>Ñ%ËKÜ ÖHÓTʹú Ñ%Ó�Ñnú�ß�Ó+Ö ü��Ò>ß'Óèÿi EÐ]¦7Í ��� Ê%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÐ ËKÐ § à2� Ú>ÇzÐ<Ð8ËKÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô?Û ÇVßVß½Ñ%ËKÐ Ñ Ñ%ÚEË5Ç'Ê�ú+Ò>ÇVßVÇÃÑ��?Ñ%ÓqÊ%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÜ?ÿ5Ó�Ê%Ê%ËKÿ5Ñ8ß)�øú+ÔsÜøÑ%Ó(ß'ËKú+Ê�Ôú+ÉEÑ%Ó(�¿ú+Ñ Çzÿ(Ð Ñ%Ë�Ê�Ë�Ó�Ñ���Ù ËKÜøÊ%ËKÐ ÙsÓTÔsÐ ËKÐ1Ç'ÔÕØ+ú+Ê Ç'Ó�ÉsÐ]ÿ5Ó�ÔsÐ Ñ%Ênú�ÇÃÔEËKÜ�ú�Ð%Ð ÓEÿ�Çzú+Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô?ÑnúTÐ� èÐ�à� ÔZÅ ÇzÐ Ñ ü úøÑ%ÚEËxÐ ÉEÒ�3 ËKÿ5ÑnÐ]Û ÇVßVß<Ò Ë�Ç'ÔsÐ Ñ%Ê%Ésÿ5Ñ�ËKÜDÑ%Ó?Ê%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÜ�Û Ç'Ñ%Ú úøÊ%Ë5ßzú+Ñ�ËKÜÕØTË�Ê%ÒBàS�Ô¦Ù>ßzú�ÿ5ËxÓ+Ö

Ñ%ÚEË]ÙEÚEÊnú�Ð Ë�Ý�Ð%ú&��Ñ%ÚEËp�sÊnÐ Ñ1Ê%Ë5ßzú+Ñ%ËKÜ�Û Ó�ÊnÜ�Û�Ú>Çzÿ�Ú ÿ5Ó(�xËKÐdÑ%ÓC��Ç'ÔsÜEÞ¡ÇÃÔøÑ%ÚEË�Ç'ÔsÐ Ñ%Ê%Ésÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐ���Ç'Ñ Û ÇVßVßBÊ%ËKú�ÜÝ5Ôsú>��Ë¥ú�Ê%Ë5ßzú+Ñ�ËKÜ úTÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔÕØ�Ë�Ê�ÒBÎ<Ð Ó(�xË�Ñ%Ú>Ç'ÔEÈøÇ'Ñ6��Ç'È�Ú>Ñ(Ü>Ó¿Ó�Ê]Ð Ó��xË�Ñ%Ú>Ç'ÔEÈ%��Ó�É���Ç'È�Ú�Ñ(Ü>ÓøÛ Ç'Ñ%Ú?Ç'Ñ]Ó�ÊÑ%ÓqÇ'ÑKà�ÆþÓ�Ê Ë,+þú>��Ù>ßÃË��èÇ/Ö�È"ÇÃØTË�Ô�Õ�Òsú�ßVß©8���Ó�É%��Ç'È�Ú>Ñ�Ê%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÜ�Õ/ÿ�ú+Ñnÿ�Ú�8��>Ó�Ê1ÖtÓ�Ê]Õ/ÿ�ú+Ñ�8(��Ó�É\��Ç'È�Ú>Ñ Ê%ËKÐ ÙsÓTÔsÜÕ�ÙEÉEÊ%Ê&8'à�Þ� Ô�Å ÇzÐ Ñ ü Ò��þÑ%ÚEË��?Û ÇVßVß�Ê%ËKÐ8ÙsÓ�ÔsÜ Û Ç'Ñ%Ú úxÿ�ú"Ñ%Ë�È�Ó�Ê��Ö¦7Ð ÉEÙsË�Ê�Ó�ÊnÜTÇ'Ôsú+Ñ%Ë § ÿ5Ó�Ô>Ñnú�Ç'Ô>Ç'ÔEÈ¿Ñ%ÚEË�Ð8Ñ Ç��¥É>ß'ÉsÐ�à

� ÚEË Ç'ÔsÐ Ñ�Ê%Ésÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐ1Û ÇVßVß Ê�ËKú�ÜÕÝ5Ôsú>��Ë�ú�ÿ�ú+Ñ�Ë�È�Ó�Ê��qÛ�Ú>Çzÿ%Ú?ÿ5Ó�Ô>Ñnú�Ç'ÔsÐdÑ%ÚEË�Û<ÓTÊnÜ�à½ÆþÓ�Ê�Ë,+sú>�xÙ>ß'Ë��TÇVÖ È"ÇÃØTË�ÔÕ/ÿ�ÚEËKÜEÜEú+Ê�8��TÓ�É\��Ç'È�Ú>Ñ�Ê%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÜ�Õ/ÿ�ÚEË�ËKÐ Ë�8��>Ó�ÊöÖHÓ�ÊQÕ���Ó+ß'É���ÒEÉsÐ�8��Ó�É\��Ç'È�Ú>Ñ�Ê%ËKÐ8ÙsÓ�ÔsÜ|Õ�Ë,+èÙ>ß'Ó�Ê�Ë�Ê�8'à�Þ� Ô Å ÇzÐ Ñ ü ÿ�Ñ%ÚEË��DÛ ÇVßVß<Ê%ËKÐ8ÙsÓ�ÔsÜ Û Ç'Ñ%Ú ú+Ô�ú+Ñ%Ñ%Ê Ç'ÒEÉEÑ%Ë�Ó+Ö�Ñ%ÚEË¿Ð Ñ Ç���É>ß'ÉsÐ�à\� ÚEË�Ç'ÔsÐ Ñ%Ê�Ésÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐqÛ ÇVß/ß

Ê%ËKú�Ü?Ý5Ôsú[�xË�ú+Ô¥ú+Ñ�Ñ%Ê Ç'ÒEÉEÑ%Ë Ó+Ö^Ñ�ÚEË<Û Ó�Ê5Ü Ã Ð Ó��xË�Ñ%Ú>Ç'ÔEÈ]Ç'ÑdÉsÐ Ésú�ßVß��xÿ5Ó�Ô>Ñnú�Ç'ÔsÐOÓ�ÊdÙsÓ>Ð%Ð ËKÐ%Ð ËKÐ�à��Ñ���Ç'È�Ú>Ñ½Ò Ë

Page 89: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

á]â�â�ã1ä�å]æû ñöçÕãdû(â�ã1ï æ*±Dã�ä�ë â�ï(ô â�ô�ó�á]é ý ü

úqÙEÚ��EÐÇzÿ�ú�ßBÙsú+Ê%Ñ Ó�Ê�Ð Ó(�xË�Ñ%Ú>Ç'ÔEÈ��xÓ�Ê%Ë(ú+ÒsÐ Ñ%Ê5ú�ÿ5ÑKà½ÆþÓ�Ê Ë,+þú[�xÙ>ß'Ë��>ÇVÖ½È+Ç'Ø�Ë�Ô�Õ�Ñ%Ê�Ë�Ë�8���Ó�É%��Ç'È�Ú>Ñ Ê%ËKÐ ÙsÓTÔsÜÕ�ÒEÊnú"Ôsÿ%Ú�8��>Ó�ÊöÖHÓ�ÊQÕ/Ð ÉEÒ>Ûöú&�98���ÓTÉ\��Ç'È�Ú�Ñ�Ê%ËKÐ ÙsÓTÔsÜ�Õ�ÔEÓ+ÇzÐ Ë�8 à�Þ� Ô%Å ÇzÐ Ñ ü Ü9��Ñ%ÚEË���Û ÇVßVß^Ê�ËKÐ ÙsÓ�ÔsÜ�Û Ç'Ñ%Ú¿úqÐ��>ÔEÓ�Ô���Õà�{¦Ó�Ê5ÜqßVÇ Ð8ÑnÐ ü ú"×Lÿ�ÿ5Ó�ÔsÐÇzÐ Ñ1Ë�Ô�Ñ Ç'Ê%Ë5ß��xÓ"Ö ÔEÓTÉEÔsÐ�à

Å ÇzÐ Ñ ü Ü Ç Ð(ÜTÇ'ØTÇzÜ>ËKܦË�Ø�Ë�Ô>ß��DÒsË�Ñ Û Ë�Ë�Ô¦ÔEÓ�ÉEÔsÐ���Ø�Ë�Ê%ÒsÐ��Bú�Ü&3 ËKÿ5Ñ Ç'Ø�ËKÐ��Bú"Ôsܦú�Ü>Ø�Ë�Ê%ÒsÐ�àS� ÚEËqÇ'ÔsÐ Ñ%Ê%Ésÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐÖtÓ�Ê�Ñ%Ú>ÇzÐ1Ñnú�Ð# ¥ÛöÇ/ßVß½Ê�ËKú�Ü�Î�Ý5Ôsú>�xË�úqÐ��>ÔEÓ�Ô���õÖHÓTÊ�Ñ%ÚEË]Û Ó�ÊnÜ Ã Ð8Ó��xË�Ñ%Ú>Ç'ÔEÈ�Û�Ú>Çzÿ%Ú%�xËKú+ÔsÐ1Ê%ÓTÉEÈ�Ú>ß��xÑ%ÚEËÐ%ú>��Ë¥Ñ�Ú>ÇÃÔEÈ à�ÆEÓ�Ê(Ë,+sú>�xÙ>ß'Ë�� Ç/Ö È+Ç'Ø�Ë�ÔwÕ�Ù>Ç'È189�TÓ�É:��Ç'È�Ú>Ñ(Ê%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÜ Õ�ÚEÓTÈ18�� Ó�Ê�ÖtÓ�Ê�Õ/Ð8ÚEÓ�ØTË�8���Ó�É���Ç'È�Ú>ÑÊ%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÜ�ÕÁÙEÉsÐ Ú�8'à�Þ� ÔlÅ ÇzÐ Ñ ü Ë���Ñ%ÚEË���Û ÇVßVߥÊ�ËKÐ ÙsÓ�ÔsÜ Û Ç'Ñ%Ú�ú Û Ó�ÊnÜ�Úsú�ØTÇ'ÔEÈ�Ñ%ÚEË Ð%ú[�xË�ÇÃÔ>Ç'Ñ Çzú�ß�ÙEÚEÓTÔEË��xË ú�Ð�Ñ%ÚEË

Ð Ñ Ç���É>ß'ÉsÐ�à/� Ú>ÇzжßVÇzÐ Ñ1Ç Ð ú�ßzÐ Ó�ÜTÇ'Ø�ÇzÜ>ËKÜ?Ë�ØTË�Ô>ß)��ÒsË�Ñ Û Ë�Ë�Ô¿ÔEÓ�ÉEÔsÐ���Ø�Ë�Ê%ÒsÐ���ú�Ü&3 ËKÿ5Ñ Ç'Ø�ËKÐ��Eú+ÔsÜøú�Ü>Ø�Ë�Ê%ÒsÐ�à X ßVßÓ+ÖdÑ%ÚEË�Û Ó�Ê5ÜEÐ�ú+Ê%Ë(Ñnú[ �Ë�ÔøÖHÊ�Ó���­dÔ>Ñ Û ÇzÐß'Ë�8�Ðöß/ÇzÐ ÑC¦*­¶Ô�Ñ Û ÇzÐß'Ë��OÌ���ù�ù § à.�öÚEË(Ç'ÔsÐ Ñ%Ê%Ésÿ5Ñ8ÇÃÓTÔsÐ�ÖHÓ�Ê�Ñ%Ú>ÇzÐ�ÑnúTÐ� Û ÇVßVß�Ê%ËKú�Ü�Î(Ý5Ôsú>�xË�ú+ÔEÓ�Ñ%ÚEË�Ê�Û<ÓTÊnÜ?Û�Ú>Çzÿ�ÚDÒsË�È+Ç'ÔsÐ]Û Ç'Ñ%Ú�Ñ%ÚEË¥Ð%ú[�xË7�sÊnÐ8Ñ{Ð ÓTÉEÔsÜ�àpÇdÓ�ÉEÊ{ú"ÔsÐ Û Ë�Ê{Ü>Ó>ËKÐÔEÓ�Ñ(Úsú�Ø�ËxÑ�ÓøßÃÓ>Ó� �ßVÇ� �Ë¿Ñ�ÚEËxÙEÊ%ËKÐ Ë�Ô>Ñ%ËKÜDÛ Ó�ÊnÜ9�.Úsú�Ø�Ë�Ñ%ÚEË¿Ð%ú>��Ë��xËKú+Ô>Ç'ÔEÈ1�OÓ�Ê(Ë�Ø�Ë�Ô�Ð Ñnú+Ê%Ñ(ÛöÇÃÑ�Ú¦Ñ%ÚEËÐ%ú>��Ë]ßÃË�Ñ�Ñ%Ë�ÊnÐQ¦tÖHÓTÊ�Ë,+þú[�xÙ>ß'Ë���Õ/ÿ>8sú+ÔsÜ|Õ× 08 Ð Ó��xË�Ñ Ç��xËKÐ�Ð Ó�ÉEÔsÜDú�ßVÇ� �Ë § à]j�Ó��xË�Ñ8Ç)��ËKÐ�Ñ%ÚEË¡Ç'Ô>ÇÃÑ8Ç ú�ß<Ð Ó�ÉEÔsÜÛ ÇVßVß�Ò Ë7�¿ú�Ü>Ë]ÖtÊ%Ó��Ø��Ó�Ê%Ë]Ñ%Úsú+Ô?Ó�ÔEË]ß'Ë�Ñ%Ñ%Ë�Ê�à�ÆEÓ�Ê Ë,+sú>�xÙ>ß'Ë�� È+Ç'Ø�Ë�Ô?Ñ%ÚEË(Û Ó�ÊnÜ�Õ/ÿ�ß'ÉEÒ�8��TÓ�É\��Ç'È�Ú>Ñ�Ð%ú&�Õ/ÿ�ß'Ésÿi 08��þÓ�Ê ÖtÓ�Ê]Õ ÇzÜ>ËKú�ß©81��ÓTÉ\��Ç'È�Ú�Ñ]Ð%ú&�:Õ ÇzÐßzú+ÔsÜ98 à�Þ

N´K©Ù Ê7¹/R�Ë9W�OQPÑMQÍwÚ´¹2Ûx¹2»pËÝÜØOQU�PSVhdú+Ê%Ñ"Â�ÛöÇ/ßVß�ÿ5Ó�ÔsÐÇzÐ Ñ�Ó"Ö¶ÐÇ��xÙ>ß��?Ê%ËKúTÜTÇÃÔEÈøÑ%ÚEËqÛ<ÓTÊnÜEÐ1ÙEÊ%ËKÐ Ë�Ô>Ñ%ËKÜ�à/� Ú>ÇzÐöÇ Ð]ú+ÔøÇ��xÙ Ó�Ê%Ñnú+Ô>Ñ�ÿ5Ó�Ô>Ñ%Ê%Ó"ß^ÖtÓ�ÊÜ>Ë�Ñ%Ë�Ê��¹ÇÃÔ>Ç'ÔEÈ?Ê%ËKúTÜTÇÃÔEÈÕú"ÔsÜ\�xÓ�Ñ�Ó�Ê�Ü>Ë,�^ÿ�Ç'ÑnÐ]Ó+ÖdÑ%ÚEË¥Ð8ÉEÒ�37ËKÿ5Ñ5Ð�Û�Ú>Çzÿ�Ú���Ç'È�Ú�Ñ]Ò>Çzú�Ð�Ñ%ÚEË�Ó�Ñ�ÚEË�Ê�Ê%ËKÐ8É>ßÃÑ5Ð�à�LѶÇzÐ�ÔEËKÿ5ËKÐ�Ð%ú+Ê��xÑ�Úsú+Ñ�Ñ%Ú>ÇzжÒsË]Ñ%ÚEË�ßzú�Ð8Ñ�Ñnú�Ð# ¥Ù Ë�Ê ÖtÓ�Ê��xËKÜ�à��tÖdÐ ÉEÒ�3 ËKÿ5ÑnÐdÈ�Ë�Ñ ú�ÿ�ÿ5ÉsÐ Ñ%Ó(�xËKÜxÑ�Ó(Ê%Ë�ÙsËKú+Ñ8ÇÃÔEÈÑ%ÚEË�Ð8Ñ Ç��¥É>ß'ÉsÐ1Û Ó�ÊnÜEÐ���Ç'Ñ1Û ÇVß/ß�Ç'Ô>Ñ%Ë�Ê ÖtË�Ê%Ë�Û Ç'Ñ%ÚøÑ%ÚEË5Ç'Ê�Ù Ë�Ê ÖHÓTÊ��¿ú+Ôsÿ5Ë�ÓTÔ¿Ð ÉEÒsÐ Ë�-TÉEË�Ô�Ñ�ú�Ð�Ð Óèÿ�Çzú+Ñ8ÇÃÓTÔxÑnú�Ð� EÐ�à� Ú>ÇzÐ Ð ËKÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔøÛ ÇVßVß ÿ5Ó�ÔsÐÇzÐ Ñ Ó+Ö½ú(ÐÇ'ÔEÈ+ß'Ë(Ò>ß'ÓEÿ� xÓ"Ö � Û<ÓTÊnÜEÐ���Ð8Ë5ßÃËKÿ5Ñ�ËKÜ¿ú+Ñ1Ênú+ÔsÜ>Ó�� ÖtÊ%Ó�� ú>�xÓ�ÔEÈ(Ñ�ÚEÓ�Ð Ëú+ÙEÙ ËKú+Ê Ç'ÔEÈ¿ÓTÔøß/ÇzÐ Ñ5Ð ü ú"×tË�à/� ÚEË]Ç'ÔsÐ Ñ%Ê%Ésÿ5Ñ8ÇÃÓTÔsÐ ÖtÓ�Ê�Ñ%Ú>ÇzÐ Ñ5ú�Ð� øÛ ÇVß/ßdÊ%ËKú�Ü�Î

ÇdÓ�ÉEÊ�Ñ5ú�Ð� øÇzÐ]Ñ%Ó?ÐÇ��xÙ>ß�� Ê�ËKú�Ü?Ó�ÉEÑ�ß'Ó�ÉsÜDË�Ø�Ë�Êi�?Û<ÓTÊnÜ\��ÓTÉ ú+Ê%Ë�Ð ÚEÓ+Û�ÔBà7� Ú>ÇzÐ�ÇzÐ(úxÑ%ËKÐ8ÑÓ+Ö½ÚEÓ+ÛòÖLú�Ð Ñp��Ó�ÉÕÿ�ú+Ô�Ê%ËKú�ÜøÑ%ÚEË(Û Ó�Ê5ÜEÐ��EÐ ÓxÊ%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÜÕúTÐ"-�É>Çzÿi �ß��Õú�Ð���Ó�ÉÕÿ�ú+ÔBà

N´K�Þ ÊCU�ߥßÁ»"ºÒàá»]PSÓ�â O]º9Óäã\W�VÒË9Vj�ËKÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔDÌ Ó+Ö^Ñ�ÚEË�Ë,+èÙ Ë�Ê Ç��xË�Ô>Ñ<ÛöÇ/ßVßBÿ5Ó�ÔsÐÇzÐ Ñ�Ó"Ö ü�ü ù]Ê�ËKÐ ÙsÓ�ÔsÐ8ËKÐdÛ Ç'Ñ%Ú ü Ì � Ó+Ö^Ñ�ÚEË�� Ê%ËKÿ5Ó�Ê5Ü>ËKÜ�à/j�ËKÿ5Ñ8ÇÃÓTÔü Û ÇVßVß�ÿ5Ó�ÔsÐ7Ç Ð8Ñ�Ó+Ö�Í�ý � Ñ%Ó�Ñnú�ß^Ê%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÐ ËKÐ ÛöÇÃÑ�Ú Í ��� Ó+ÖOÑ%ÚEË��íÊ%ËKÿ5Ó�Ê5Ü>ËKÜ�àpj�ËKÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô$ÂqÛ ÇVßVß�ÿ5Ó�ÔsÐÇzÐ Ñ�Ó+Ö�Í�ùÑ%Ó�Ñ5ú�ß^Ê%ËKÐ8ÙsÓ�ÔsÐ ËKÐ�Û Ç'Ñ%Ú �� Ó+Ö½Ñ%ÚEË��íÊ�ËKÿ5Ó�ÊnÜ>ËKÜ�à2�LÑ ÇzÐ ËKÐ Ñ8Ç)�øú+Ñ%ËKÜ?Ñ�Úsú+Ñ]j�ËKÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô Ì(ÛöÇ/ßVß½Ñ5ú> �Ë�ú+Ò Ó�ÉEÑ�ÌKÍ

Page 90: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

á]â�â�ã1ä�å]æû ñöçÕãdû(â�ã1ï æ*±Dã�ä�ë â�ï(ô â�ô�ó�á]é ý�Â

å^æ�ç#ècéEê�ë ì�í,î�ï ð�ê�ñ*ò�ó0é�î�è ô�õ�ê,ç�ï,îöÈ÷ ø@ùÈú�ú"û�ù�ü�ý�þÈÿ�ý�ú � ù*ü�ý#þ©ÿ�ý�ú��yÿ��Èþ"ö �ö ø@ùÈú�ú6ü�������ý�ÿ�ü�þ©ÿ�� �yÿ�©þ"ö ��&ü ÷ ú�ù���û(ù*ü�ý#þ©ÿ�ý�ú � ù*ü�ý#þ©ÿ�ý�ú��yÿ��Èþ�� ��&ü ú�ù��xü������[ý#ÿ)ü�þ©ÿ�� �yÿ�©þ���ü ���� ÷ ý�ü�þ©ú�����ù��sû(ù*ü�ý#þ©ÿ�ý�ú � ù*ü�ý#þ©ÿ�ý�ú��yÿ��Èþ�� ���� ý�ü�þ©ú�����ù��Æü������[ý#ÿ)ü�þ©ÿ�� �yÿ�©þ���� ��&ýg÷ ü�þ©þ©ùÈÿ����þ©ú�û�ù*ü&ý�þ©ÿ�ý�ú � ù*ü�ý#þ©ÿ�ý�ú��yÿ��Èþ�� ��&ý ü�þ©þ©ùÈÿ����þ©ú]ü�������ý�ÿ�ü�þ©ÿ�� �yÿ�©þ���ý �����÷ �����������Ýû�ù�ü�ý�þÈÿ�ý�ú � ù*ü�ý#þ©ÿ�ý�ú��yÿ��Èþ"ö ���� �����������Lü�������ý�ÿ�ü�þ©ÿ�� �yÿ�©þ���� ���ú ÷ û������ú��Cúpû�ù*ü&ý�þ©ÿ�ý�ú � ù*ü�ý#þ©ÿ�ý�ú��yÿ��Èþ"ö ���ú û������ú��Cú"ü�������ý�ÿ�ü�þ©ÿ�� �yÿ�©þ���ú ��&ü ÷ ùÈú�û�ú,ü�þpû�ù*ü&ý�þ©ÿ�ý�ú � ù*ü�ý#þ©ÿ�ý�ú��yÿ��Èþ"ö ��&ü ùÈú�û�ú,ü�þ �©þÈÿ��!��"�ÿ �yÿ�©þ�� ö

�Oú+Ò>ß'Ë¥ùEÎ�j�É����¿ú+Ê��øÓ+Ö½Ñ�ÚEË�ÙEÊ%Ó�Ù Ó�Ð ËKÜøË,+EÙsË�Ê Ç��xË�Ô>ÑKà

��Ç'Ô>ÉEÑ%ËKÐ�Ñ�Ó¹ÿ5Ó(�xÙ>ß'Ë�Ñ%Ë��9j�ËKÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô ü �1 � ��Ç'Ô>ÉEÑ%ËKÐ��sú+ÔsÜ|j�ËKÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô$Ây�èÍÆ��Ç'Ô�ÉEÑ%ËKÐ�à/�½ú"Ò>ßÃË�ùxÐ É����øú+Ê Ç�Y�ËKÐÑ%ÚEË(Ë,+EÙsË�Ê Ç��xË�Ô>Ñnú�ßdÙEÊ%Ó�Ñ�Óèÿ5Ó+ßLà

#�$&%�')(ú�ÖtÊnú�ÇzÜ�ú+ÔEÈ�Ë�Ê�ú+ÙEÙ ËKú+ÊdÒ>Ç'Ñ%Ñ%Ë�ÊdÒ>ß'Ó�Ð%Ð8Ó�� ÒEÊ%ËKú�Üxÿ5Ó"ß Ü�ÿ5Ó����¿ú+ÔsÜ�ÿ5Ó�Ñ�Ñnú+È�Ë ÿ5Ê��¥ÜEú+Êi �Ü>Ë�Ë�Ù�ÖZú"Ê%Ñ%ÚEË�ÊOÖLú�Ð Ñ%Ë�Ê�sÔsÜ��sÔEÈ�Ë�ÊnÐøÚsú+Ê5Ü�ß'Ó�ÉsÜòÔ>É���ÒsË�ÊnÐ�ÙsË�Ó�Ù>ß'˦Ê�ËKÜðÊ�ÉEÔEÔ>ÇÃÔEÈòÐ Ë�Ë Ð7ßÃË�Ë�Ù Ð��xÓ>Ó�Ñ%Ú Ð8Ñ%Ê%Ë�Ë�ÑøÑ%Ë5ßVß{Ñ%ÓTÒsú�ÿ�ÿ5ÓÛ�Ú>ÇzÐ Ñ ß'ËqÛ ÇzÐ Ú

#�$&%�'+*-,Òsú+Ñ%Ú?Ò ËKÜ?Ò Ó¾�?ÒEÉEÑ�Ñ%Ë�Ê�ÿ�ú+Ê%Ù Ë�Ñ�ÿ�Úsú�Ç'Ê{ÿ�Ú>ÇVß Ü>Ê�Ë�Ô Úsú"ÔsÜC37ÉsÐ Ñ8Ç ÿ5Ë¡ßVÇÃÈTÚ�Ñ]�¿ú+Ô\�xË���Ó�Ê��%�xÓ�ÉEÔ>Ñnú�Ç'Ô\��ÉsÐÇzÿÊ%Ë5ßVÇ'È+Ç'Ó�ÔDÊ Ç'Ø�Ë�Ê�ÐÇzÿi �ÔEËKÐ�Ð�Ð Ñ�Ë�� Ð Ñ%Ó��øú�ÿ%Ú?Ð Ñ%Ó+Ø�Ë

#�$&%�'+*/.Ò>Ç'Ò>ß'ËxÒEÉEÑ%Ñ%Ë�Ê�Ô1�Dÿ�ú+ÒEÒsú+È�Ë�ÿ�ú+ÊnÐ]ÿ%ÚEË�ËKÐ8˹Ü>ÓTÈ�Ð�ËKú"È+ß'Ë�È�ÉEÔsÐ]Úsú>�k�xË�Ê6 TÇ'ÔEÈx��Ó�Ó�Ô���ÉEÑ%Ñ%ÓTÔÕÐ%ú�ß'Ñ{Ð8ÚEË�Ë�ÙÐ Ù>ÇzÜ>Ë�Ê(Ð�-�Ésú"Ê%Ë(Ñnú+Ò>ß'Ë�Ñ�Ú>ÇÃË5Ö�Û�Ú>Ç Ð# �Ë��¿Û�Ú>ÇÃÑ�Ë

Page 91: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

á]â�â�ã1ä�å]æû ñöçÕãdû(â�ã1ï æ*±Dã�ä�ë â�ï(ô â�ô�ó�á]é ý

#�$&%�'+*/0ÿ�Ú>Ç/ßzÜ?ÿ�Ç'Ñ��xÜ>Óèÿ5Ñ%ÓTÊ�ËKú+Ê%Ñ�Ú�ÖtÓ>Ó�ÑdÖtÊ%É>Ç'Ñ�È+Ç'Ê ß�ÚEËKú�Ü�ÚEÓ�ÉsÐ8Ë ßzú>�xÙ�ß/Ç'Ó�ÔøÔEË�ËKÜTß'Ë(Óèÿ5ËKú"ÔxÙEÊ Ç'ËKÐ Ñ�Ð%ÿ�ÇzÐ%Ð Ó�Ê5Ð�Ð ÚEÓ>ËKÐÐ Ó+ßzÜTÇ'Ë�Ê]Û<Ë(ÛöÇÃÔsÜ>Ó+Û Û Ó��¿ú+Ô

#�$&%�'+*/1ú�ß'Û�ú&�èÐqÒsú+Ò� Ò ËKú+ÉEÑ ÇVÖtÉ>ß/ß��òÒ>ßzú�ÿi ÒEÊ%Ó>ú�Ü>Ë�ÊxÒEÉ��TÇÃÔEÈðÿ�ß'Ó�Ð8Ë�ÊxÚsú+ÊnÜTß���Úsú�Ø�Ë?ÚEËKú�ß'Ñ%Ú�ÚEËKú�Ø�:3 Ó>�:3 É��xÙ�¿ú> TËS-�É>Çzÿi �ß��:-TÉ>ÇÃË�Ñ8ß)�DÐ Û ÇVÖtÑ�Ñnú> �Ë]Ñ%Ú>Ç'ÊnÐ Ñ��%��Ë5ßVß'Ó�Û

#�$&%�'+*-2Ò>Ç'ÊnÜ?ÒEÊ8ÇÃÈTÚ�Ñ�ÒEÉEÈøÿ5Ó+ß'Ó�Ê"ÔsÓ+Û Ë�Ê È�Ë�Ô>Ñ ß��¿Ú>Ç'È�Ú ÇÃÔ1-TÉ>Ç'Ê%Ëqß'Ó�ÔEÈ��¿ú�Ç'Ô>Ñnú�Ç'Ô:�¹Ç�+\�xÓ�Ñ�Ú?ÔEË�Ø�Ë�Ê�Ó�Ò Ë��?ÙEÊ%Ë�Ñ%Ñ��Ê%ËKÐ Ñ�Ó�Ê%Ë(Ð Ë5ßzÜ>Ó�� Ð8Ó��xË�Ñ Ç��xËKÐ ÉsÐ8Ésú�ßVß)��Û ÇVßzÜ

#�$&%�'43Òsú+Ñ%Ú�Ò>ßzú�ÿi Ò Ó¾��ÒEÊ Ç'È�Ú>Ñ�ÒEÊ%Ó�ú�Ü>Ë�Ê�ÒEÉEÑ%Ñ%Ë�Êxÿ�ú+ÒEÒsú"È�ËÕÿ�ú+Ê%Ù Ë�ѹÿ�Úsú�Ç'Ê¿ÿ�Ú>ÇVß Ü ÿ�ß'Ó�Ð Ë�Ê¿ÿ5Ó+ß'Ó�Ê�ËKú+È"ßÃË?ËKú"Ê%Ñ%ÚÈ�ÉEÔsÐ]Úsú+Ê5ÜTß)�� �Ç'ÔEÈ ß/Ç'È�Ú>Ñ]ßVÇ'Ó�ÔZ�xÓ>Ó�Ô��xÓ�Ñ%Ú��xÓ�ÉEÔ>Ñnú�Ç'Ô���ÉEÑ%Ñ%Ó�Ô�ÔEË�Ø�Ë�Ê(ÙEÊ%Ë�Ñ%Ñ��?Ê%ËKÐ Ñ�Ó�Ê%Ë¥Ð�ú�ß'Ñ{Ð Ë5ßzÜ>Ó��Ð ÚEË�Ë�ÙDÐ�-�Ésú"Ê%Ë�Ð Ñ%Ë�� Ð8Ñ%Ó��¿ú�ÿ�Ú?Ð Û ÇVÖHÑ�Ñnú+Ò>ß'Ë�Ñnú[ �Ë�ÉsÐ8Ésú�ßVß)��Û�Ú>Ç'Ñ%Ë�ÛöÇ/ßzÜ Û Ç'ÔsÜ>Ó�Û Û Ó��¿ú+Ô

576�,80�'�$&0�29#�$&%�':(ÿ5Ó�ÔsÐ Ë�Ê�Ø�Ë�ÜTÇ'Ê%Ñ��xÖtÊ%Ë�-TÉEË�Ô�Ñ ß��?Úsú+ÙEÙ>ÇVß��:��Ó�ÔEË��¿ÔsúTÐ Ñ�� Ð%ú�ß ú"Ê�� Ð8Ú�ÉEÑ

576�,80�'�$&0�29#�$&%�')*ú+Ê%Ê�Ó�ÛòË���Ë(ÚEÓTÊnÐ Ë7 >Ô>ÇÃÈTÚ�Ñ�ß'ËKú�Ö�Ùsú"Ô�ÑnÐöÙ>ß ú"ÔEË�ØTÇÃÓ"ß/Ç'Ô

Page 92: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

� �����!������� ;

< ¢e¢w��¢e¢³�"� = �?> � < @ �e á� £����BA � £��?>DC £FE

Å Ç'ÔEÈ�É>ÇzÐ ÑnжÚ��>ÙsÓTÑ%ÚEËKÐÇ�Y�Ë�Ñ%Úsú+ÑOÑ%ÚEË ÒEÊnú�Ç'Ô�Ó�Ù Ë�Ênú+Ñ%ËKÐOÓ�Ôxú�Ô�É���Ò Ë�ÊdÓ+Ö^ÜTÇ�' Ë�Ê�Ë�Ô�ÑdÛ Ó�ÊnÜ¡Ê%Ë�ÙEÊ%ËKÐ Ë�Ô>Ñnú+Ñ8ÇÃÓTÔsÐ�à�LÑ1ÇzÐ È�Ë�ÔEË�Ê5ú�ßVß)�?Ù Ó�Ð Ñ%É>ßzú+Ñ�ËKÜøÑ%Úsú+Ñ�Ñ�ÚEË5ÇÃÊ�Ë,+�ÇzÐ Ñ�ØTÇzÐ Ésú�ß�ú"ÔsÜ¿ú+ÉsÜTÇ'Ñ%ÓTÊ���Ç'ÔEÙEÉEÑ�Ê�Ë�ÙEÊ%ËKÐ Ë�Ô>Ñnú+Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐ��Eú�Ð1Û Ë5ßVßú�Ð�Û�Ê Ç'Ñ%Ñ%Ë�ÔDú+ÔsÜDÐ ÙsÓ( �Ë�ÔDÓ�ÉEÑ%ÙEÉEÑ]Ê%Ë�ÙEÊ%ËKÐ Ë�Ô>Ñnú+Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐ�Ó+Ö�Û Ó�ÊnÜEÐ�à"�LÔ¦ú�ÜEÜTÇ'Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô���Ñ�ÚEË�Ê%Ë¥ú+Ê�Ë(ßVÇ� �Ë5ß��¦Ñ%ÓxÒ ËÓ�ÔEË(Ó�Ê��xÓ�Ê%Ë]Ç'Ô>Ñ%Ë�Ê%Ôsú�ß©��ÿ5Ó�È�Ô>Ç'Ñ Ç'Ø�Ë�Û Ó�Ê5ÜøÊ%Ë�ÙEÊ%ËKÐ Ë�Ô>Ñnú+Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐöÛ�Ú>Çzÿ%ÚDú+Ê%Ë(ÔEÓ�Ñ�Ü>Ë�Ù Ë�ÔsÜ>Ë�Ô�Ñ(ÓTÔ\�xÓèÜEú�ß/Ç'Ñ��¦ X ßVßÃÙ Ó�Ê%Ñ!G ÆEÉEÔEÔEË5ßVß©�dÌ���ýEÌ Ã v�É��xÙEÚEÊ%Ë��EÐHG´­dØ�Ë�Ñ%Ñ&�^Ì&��ý�Í Ã j�Úsú�ßVßVÇzÿ5Ë���5 ÿ�Å Ë�ÓèÜ9�IG´Å�Ë�Û ÇzÐ��OÌ���ý�Í § à� ÔEËøÓ+Ö�Ñ%ÚEË%�¿ú>3 Ó�Ê]ÇzÐ%Ð ÉEËKÐqÛ Ë�ÖLú�ÿ5Ë�ÇÃÔ �xÓEÜ>Ë5ßVß/Ç'ÔEÈ�Ñ%ÚEË¿ú+ÉEÑ�Ó��¿ú+Ñ Çzÿ�Ùsú"Ñ%Ú�Û�ú&�DÓ+Ö�Ñ%ÚEËxÛ Ó�ÊnÜ ú�Ð ×

Ð ÓEÿ�Çzú+Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô�Ð��EÐ Ñ%Ë�� Ç ÐøÜ>Ë�Ñ%Ë�Ê��¹ÇÃÔ>Ç'ÔEÈ Û�Úsú+ÑøÊ%Ë�ÙEÊ%ËKÐ Ë�Ô>Ñnú+Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsйÖtÓ�Ê�� Ñ%ÚEË�Ç'ÔEÙEÉEÑÕú+ÔsÜ Ó�ÉEÑ%ÙEÉEÑøÓ+Ö�Ñ%ÚEËß'ËKú+Ê%ÔEËKÜ�ú�Ð%Ð ÓEÿ�Çzú+Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐ�à � ÔEËqÙsÓ�Ð�ÐÇ'Ò>Ç/ßVÇ'Ñ��?ÇzÐ Ñ%Úsú"Ñ<Ñ�ÚEË�ú�Ð%Ð ÓEÿ�Çzú+Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐ]ú+Ê%Ë]�xÓèÜEú�ß/Ç'Ñ��>×JÖHÊ%Ë�Ë¡Ç'ÔÕÑ%Úsú+Ñ Ñ%ÚEË��ú+Ê%Ë�ÖtÓ�Ê��xËKÜ�Ò Ë�Ñ Û<Ë�Ë�Ô?ÿ5Ó�È�Ô>Ç'Ñ Ç'Ø�Ë(Ê�Ë�ÙEÊ%ËKÐ Ë�Ô>Ñnú+Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐ�¦�JLK?J § à>�LÑ1ÇzÐ1ÙsÓ�Ð%Ð7ÇÃÒ>ß'Ë�� ÚEÓ+Û<Ë�ØTË�Ê��+Ñ%ÚEË��xÑ%ÚEË��øú+Ê%ËÖtÓ�Ê��xËKÜ?ÜTÇ'Ê%ËKÿ5Ñ ß��?Ò Ë�Ñ7Û Ë�Ë�Ô?Ñ%ÚEËqØ�ÇzÐ Ésú�ßBÇ'ÔEÙEÉEÑ�Ê%Ë�ÙEÊ�ËKÐ Ë�Ô�Ñ5ú+Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô?Ó+Ö½Ñ�ÚEË�Ð Ñ Ç���É>ß/Ç�ú+ÔsÜøÑ%ÚEË�ú"Ê%Ñ Çzÿ5É>ßzú+Ñ%Ó�Ê��Ó�ÉEÑ%ÙEÉEÑ�Ê%Ë�ÙEÊ%ËKÐ Ë�Ô>Ñnú+Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô�Ó"Ö{Ñ%ÚEË�Ê%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÐ ËKÐ%¦�MNK?O § à � Ñ%ÚEË�Ê¿Ù Ó�Ð%ÐÇ'Ò>ÇVßVÇ'Ñ Ç'ËKÐÕú+Ê%ËøÇ'ÔEÙEÉEÑ?Ñ%Ó¦ÿ5Ó�ÈTÔ>ÇÃÑ8ÇÃØTËÊ%Ë�ÙEÊ%ËKÐ8Ë�Ô�Ñnú"Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐC¦�M�K?J § ú+ÔsÜDÿ5Ó�È�Ô>Ç'Ñ Ç'Ø�Ë�Ñ%Ó¿ÓTÉEÑ%ÙEÉEÑ(Ê%Ë�ÙEÊ%ËKÐ Ë�Ô>Ñnú+Ñ8ÇÃÓTÔsÐC¦�JLK?O § à9� ÚEËqÖHÓ"ß/ß'Ó+Û Ç'ÔEÈÕË,+E×ÙsË�Ê8Ç)��Ë�Ô�Ñ]Û�ú�Ð Ü>ËKÐÇ'È�ÔEËKÜ�Ñ%ÓxÑ%ËKÐ Ñ Ñ%ÚEËKÐ8Ë�ÙsÓ>Ð%ÐÇ'Ò>ÇVß/Ç'Ñ Ç'ËKÐ�à

¼ÁK«µ P ¹�ËRQSOSÓ�V� ÚEË1Ë,+èÙ Ë�Ê Ç��xË�Ô�ÑdÛ�ú�Ð ÙsË�Ê ÖtÓ�Ê��xËKÜ]ÉsÐ7ÇÃÔEÈ(Ñ�ÚEË/{ X �DÙEÊ%Ó�ÈTÊnú>�:��Û�Ú>Ç ÿ�ÚqÇzÐ�Ç'Ô>Ñ%Ê%ÓEÜ>Ésÿ5ËKÜ(Ç'Ô X ÙEÙ Ë�ÔsÜTÇ�+ X à�LÑ]ÿ5Ó�ÔsÐÇzÐ Ñ%ËKÜ Ó+Ö�Ñ Û Ó��¿ú�Ç'ÔÕÐ ËKÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐ��^ú�Ð�Ü>ËKÐ%ÿ5Ê Ç'ÒsËKÜ�ÒsË5ß'Ó+Û�à

SUT�VWT�V XLY8Z\[�]�^R_`Vj�ËKÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô?ÌdÛ�ú�ÐBÜ>ËKÐ7ÇÃÈTÔEËKÜ�Ñ�Ó�Ñ%ËKÐ ÑOÑ%ÚEË�ú+Ò>ÇVßVÇ'Ñ*�qÓ+ÖEß'ËKú+Ê%ÔEËKÜ{ÖHÊ%Ë�Ë ú�Ð%Ð ÓEÿ�Çzú+Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐ.Ñ%Ó�ÿ�ú+Ê�Ê��(Ó+Ø�Ë�ÊBÑ%Ó�ÜTÇ�'BË�Ê%Ë�Ô>ÑÇ'ÔEÙEÉEÑ�Ó�Ê(Ó�ÉEÑ%ÙEÉEÑ7�xÓEÜEú�ßVÇ'Ñ Ç'ËKÐ�à\­�ú�ÿ�ÚDÓ+Ö<Ñ�ÚEËxÑ%ÚEÊ%Ë�Ë�Ùsú+Ê%Ñ5Ð]Û<Ë�Ê�ËxÙEÊ%ËKÿ5ËKÜ>ËKÜ Ò���Ñ7Û ÓøÒ>ß'Óèÿi èÐqÓ+Ö�ú+Ô¦ý

ý�Í

Page 93: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

á]â�â�ã1ä�å]æû�å�ç�á(óEó�ãöóEó�æ7ä�ì ë¶î�ã áxê<ë�ôp± á�ë�æ|ñ â^á�ë¶îbaxá"r ý�ù

Û Ó�ÊnÜ�ÙEÊnú�ÿ5Ñ8Ç ÿ5˹ß/ÇzÐ ÑqÑ%Ó?È�Ë�Ñ�Ð ÉEÒy37ËKÿ5ÑnÐ(úTÿ�-�Ésú�Ç'Ô>Ñ%ËKÜDÛ Ç'Ñ%Ú Ñ%ÚEË�Ê%Ë�-�É>Ç'Ê%ËKÜ ÙEÊ%ËKÐ Ë�Ô>Ñnú+Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô ú"ÔsÜÕÊ�ËKÐ ÙsÓ�ÔsÐ8Ë�xË�Ñ%ÚEÓEÜEÐ�àZhdú+Ê�Ñ¿ÌKú�Û�ú�Ð]Ç'Ô>Ñ%Ë�ÔsÜ>ËKÜ�Ñ�Ó ú�ßVß'Ó+ÛíÑ%ÚEË?Ð ÉEÒ�3 ËKÿ5ÑnÐqÑ%Ó Ü>Ë�Ø�Ë5ß'Ó�ÙòúDÐ Ë�Ñ�Ó+Ö(ú+ÉEÑ%Ó��¿ú"Ñ Çzÿ�ÖtÊ%Ë�Ëú�Ð%Ð8Óèÿ�Çzú+Ñ%ËKÐ�à X  � ×tÛ Ó�ÊnÜ ßVÇzÐ Ñxÿ5Ó��xÙEÊ ÇzÐ ËKÜ Ó+Ö(Ì � ÔEÓ�ÉEÔsÐ���Ì � ú�Ü&37ËKÿ5Ñ8ÇÃØTËKÐ(Ó�Ê�ú�Ü>ØTË�Ê%ÒsÐ��dú+ÔsÜ�Ì � ØTË�Ê%ÒsÐÛ�ú�ÐOÙEÊ%ËKÐ Ë�Ô>Ñ%ËKÜ�Ø�ÇzÐ Ésú�ß/ß��¿ú"Ñ<ú(Ê5ú+Ñ%Ë Ó+ÖBÓ�ÔEË�Û Ó�ÊnÜqË�Ø�Ë�Êi� ü à�Í(Ð ËKÿ5Ó�ÔsÜEÐ��TÛ Ç'Ñ%ÚøËKú�ÿ%Ú�Û<ÓTÊnÜ�ÜTÇ Ð8Ù>ß ú&��ËKÜ�ÖtÓ�ÊÌ�à�ÍøÐ ËKÿ5Ó�ÔsÜEÐ�àSj�ÉEÒy37ËKÿ5ÑnÐ]Ð Ù Ó� �Ë�Ñ%ÚEË5Ç'Ê(Ê%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÐ ËKÐ�Ç'Ô�Ñ�Ó ú%��Çzÿ5Ê%ÓTÙEÚEÓ�ÔEË�à7� ÚEË��ÕÙ Ë�Ê ÖHÓTÊ��xËKÜ�Ñ%ÚEË¥Ð�ú>�xËÑnú�Ð# ?Ó�ԦРË�Ø�Ë�ÔDÒ>ß'Óèÿi èСÓ+Ö�Ñ%ÚEË�Û Ó�ÊnÜ ß/ÇzÐ ÑqÛ Ç'Ñ%ÚDÑ%ÚEË�Ó�ÊnÜ>Ë�Ê(Ó+Ö�Ñ�ÚEË¥Û Ó�Ê5ÜEÐ�Ênú"ÔsÜ>Ó���Ç�Y�ËKÜDÛ Ç'Ñ%Ú>Ç'Ô¦ËKú�ÿ�ÚÒ>ß'Óèÿi �àx�Ñ�Û�ú�Ð]ÙEÊ%ËKÜTÇzÿ5Ñ%ËKÜ Ñ%Úsú+Ñ(Ñ�ÚEË¿Ð ÉEÒ�3 ËKÿ5ÑnÐ(Û Ó�É>ßzܦÜ>Ë�ØTË5ßÃÓTÙ Ð Ñ�Ê%Ó�ÔEÈ1�BÐ Ñ�Ë�Ê%Ë�Ó�Ñ���Ù ËKÜDÊ%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÐ ËKÐqÑ%Ó�xÓ�Ð8Ñ<Ó"Ö�Ñ%ÚEË�Ð8Ñ Ç��¥É>ßVÇdÒ��øÑ%ÚEË(Ë�ÔsÜ Ó+Ö�Ñ�ÚEË�Ð Ë�Ø�Ë�Ô>Ñ%Ú?Ò>ß'Óèÿi ^àhdú"Ê%Ñ?Ì�Ò�Û�ú�Ð�Ü>ËKÐÇ'È�ÔEËKÜ Ñ%Ó¦Ñ%ËKÐ Ñ�Ñ%ÚEËDÐ ÉEÒ�3 ËKÿ5ÑnÐ�8�ú"Ò>Ç/ßVÇ'Ñ���Ñ%Ó¦Ê%Ë�ÙEÊ�ÓèÜ>Ésÿ5Ë�Ñ%ÚEË5Ç'Ê Ð Ñ�Ë�Ê%Ë�Ó�Ñ���Ù ËKÜ�Ê%Ë�×

Ð Ù Ó�ÔsÐ ËKÐ?Û�ÚEË�Ô Ñ�ÚEË¦Û Ó�ÊnÜEÐ�Û<Ë�Ê�Ë ÙEÊ�ËKÐ Ë�Ô�Ñ�ËKÜ�ú+ÉsÜTÇ'Ñ%Ó�Ê Çzú�ßVß����(Ênú"Ñ%ÚEË�Ê?Ñ%Úsú+ÔòØTÇ Ð8Ésú�ßVß)��à�{ Ó�ÊnÜEÐøÛ Ë�Ê%ËÙEÊ%ËKÐ Ë�Ô>Ñ%ËKÜøú+Ñ�ú(Ê5ú+Ñ%Ë Ó+ÖBÓ�ÔEË]Ë�Ø�Ë�Ê�� ü à�Í(Ð ËKÿ5ÓTÔsÜEÐ�à�Å ÇzÐ Ñ(Ì�ÒxÛ�ú�Ð�ÿ5Ó(�xÙsÓ�Ð8ËKÜ�Ó+Ö� � Û Ó�ÊnÜEÐ�� ÌKÍ]Ó+ÖBÛ�Ú>Çzÿ�Ú¦7Í�ÔEÓ�ÉEÔsÐ��BÍ�Ø�Ë�Ê%ÒsÐ���ú+ÔsÜDÍøú�Ü&37ËKÿ5Ñ8ÇÃØTËKÐ]Ó�Ê{úTÜ>Ø�Ë�Ê%ÒsÐ § ú+ÙEÙsËKú"Ê%ËKÜ�Ó�ÔZÅ ÇzÐ ÑxÌKúøú+ÔsÜ�ÌKÍxÓ"Ö�Û�Ú>Çzÿ%ÚDÛ Ë�Ê%ËÔEË�Û�c+à X ÖHÑ%Ë�Ê Ñ%ÚEË]Ñ Û Ó(ÙEÊnú�ÿ5Ñ Çzÿ5Ë(Ò>ß'Óèÿi EÐ��EÐ ÉEÒ�3 ËKÿ5ÑnÐ1ÙsË�Ê ÖtÓ�Ê��xËKÜøú�ÐÇ'ÔEÈ+ß'Ë(Ò>ß'Óèÿi ¿ÓTÔxÅ ÇzÐ Ñ�Ì�ÒBà�{¦Ë]Û Ë�Ê%ËÇ'Ô�Ñ�Ë�Ê%ËKÐ Ñ%ËKÜ�Ñ%Ó� >ÔEÓ+Û ÚEÓ+Û �¿ú+Ô�?Ó+Ö�Ñ%ÚEË¡ßÃËKú"Ê%ÔEËKÜDú�Ð%Ð ÓEÿ�Çzú+Ñ%ËKÐ(ÿ�ú+Ê%Ê8ÇÃËKÜ Ó+Ø�Ë�Ê�ÖtÊ%Ó�� Ñ%ÚEË�Ø�ÇzÐ Ésú�ßdÑ%ÓøÑ%ÚEËú+ÉsÜTÇ'Ñ%Ó�Êi�:�xÓEÜ>Ë�Ó+Ö�ÙEÊ%ËKÐ Ë�Ô>Ñnú+Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔBà X Ùsú+Ênú�ßVß'Ë5ß/�xËKú�Ð ÉEÊ�Ë¥Û�ú�Ð�Ñ%ÓøÒsË�Û�ÚEË�Ñ%ÚEË�Ê�Ð8ÉEÒ�37ËKÿ5Ñ5Ð]Ê%ËKÐ ÙsÓTÔsÜ>ËKÜÐÇ'È�Ô>Ç��^ÿ�ú+Ô>Ñ ß��:�xÓTÊ%ËS-�É>Çzÿi �ß��?Ñ%Ó�Ñ%ÚEË]ÖZú[��ÇVß/Çzú+Ê]Û Ó�ÊnÜEÐ1Ñ%Úsú+Ô?Ñ�ÚEË��ÕÜTÇ Ü Ñ%ÓxÑ%ÚEË(ÔEË�Û Û<ÓTÊnÜEÐ�à�ÔZhdú+Ê%Ñ�ÌKÿ>�BÛ Ó�ÊnÜEÐ�Û Ë�Ê%Ë�ÙEÊ%ËKÐ Ë�Ô>Ñ%ËKÜDØTÇzÐ Ésú�ßVß��¦ÒEÉEÑ(Ñ%ÚEË�Ê%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÐ ËKÐ(Û Ë�Ê%Ë�Û�Ê8ÇÃÑ�Ñ%Ë�ÔBàs�öÚEË¥Ë,+EÙsË�Ê�×

Ç��xË�Ô>Ñ%Ë�Ê7�¿ú+Ê� TËKÜÕÑ�ÚEË¥Ñ8Ç)��Ë¿ú+Ñ]Û�Ú>Çzÿ%Ú¦Û�Ê Ç'Ñ Ç'ÔEÈ?ÒsË�È�ú+ÔBà�� ÚEË�ÔEË,+EÑ�Û Ó�ÊnÜ ÛöúTÐ�ÙEÊ%ËKÐ8Ë�Ô�Ñ%ËKÜ Ì¥Ð ËKÿ5ÓTÔsÜú�ÖtÑ%Ë�Ê�Ñ�ÚEË�Ð ÉEÒ�3 ËKÿ5Ñ2�sÔ>Ç Ð8ÚEËKÜøÛ�Ê Ç'Ñ Ç'ÔEÈsà/Å ÇzÐ Ñ(ÌKÿöÛöúTÐ�ÿ5Ó��xÙ Ó�Ð ËKÜ�Ó"Ö Ñ�ÚEË¥ÌKÍ¡Û Ó�ÊnÜEÐ.ÖtÊ%Ó�� Å^Ç Ð8Ñ{Ì�ú(Û�Ú>Çzÿ�ÚÜTÇzÜxÔEÓTÑ<ú+ÙEÙ ËKú+Ê Ó�ÔxÅ ÇzÐ Ñ(Ì�ÒxÙ>ß'ÉsÐ]ÌKÍ¡ÔEË�Û Û Ó�Ê5ÜEÐ�à�� ÚEË]Û Ó�ÊnÜEÐdú+ÙEÙ ËKú+Ê Ç'ÔEÈ�Ó�Ô\Å ÇzÐ ÑnÐ�Ì�Ò ú+ÔsÜ ÌKÿ Û Ë�Ê%Ë�¿ú+Ñ5ÿ%ÚEËKÜ ÖtÓ�Ê�Ùsú+Ê%Ñ�Ó+Ö{Ð8ÙsË�ËKÿ�Ú ú+ÔsÜ ÖLú>��ÇVßVÇzú+Ê Ç'Ñ���à X ÖtÑ%Ë�Ê�Ñ%ÚEË?Ñ Û<Ó�ÙEÊnú�ÿ5Ñ Çzÿ5Ë�Ò>ßÃÓEÿi èÐ�� Ð ÉEÒ�3 ËKÿ5ÑnÐqÙsË�Ê�×ÖtÓ�Ê��xËKÜøú�ÐÇ'ÔEÈ+ß'Ë�Ò>ß'Óèÿi øÓ�Ô:Å ÇzÐ Ñ�ÌKÿ+à X È�ú�Ç'Ô��EÛ Ë]Û<Ë�Ê�Ë�Ç'Ô>Ñ%Ë�Ê%ËKÐ Ñ%ËKÜ�Ç'Ô?ÚEÓ+Û��¿ú+Ô�¿ú�Ð%Ð8Óèÿ�Çzú+Ñ%ËKÐ ÿ�ú+Ê�Ê Ç'ËKÜÓ+Ø�Ë�Ê�ÖHÊ%Ó(��hdú+Ê%Ñ�Ì�ú+ÔsÜ Ç'ÔDÑ%ÚEËxÜTÇ�'BË�Ê%Ë�Ôsÿ5ËqÇ'ÔDÊ%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÐ Ë�Ñ Ç��xË�ÒsË�Ñ Û Ë�Ë�ÔDÔEË�Û�ú+ÔsÜ ÖLú>��ÇVßVÇzú+Ê�Ð Ñ Ç���É>ßVÇZàÆEÓTÊ�ú�ßV߶Ð8ÉEÒ�37ËKÿ5Ñ5Ð��0hdú"Ê%Ñ�ÌKúqÇ�����ËKÜTÇ ú"Ñ%Ë5ß�� ÙEÊ�ËKÿ5ËKÜ>ËKÜ$hdú"Ê%Ñ�Ì�Ò��EÛ�Ú>Ç ÿ�Ú�Ç����xËKÜTÇzú+Ñ%Ë5ß��DÙEÊ%ËKÿ5ËKÜ>ËKÜ�hdú+Ê%ÑÌKÿ+à/�öÚ>Ç Ð]Ð ËKÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô?Ê�Ë�-�É>Ç'Ê%ËKÜ ü�� ��Ç'Ô>ÉEÑ%ËKÐ�Ñ�Ó¹ÿ5Ó(�xÙ>ß'Ë�Ñ%Ë��sÓTÔÕúKØTË�Ênú+È�Ë�à

SUT�VWTed XLY8Z\[�]�^R_fdj�ËKÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô ü Û�ú�Ð(úTÜ��Ç'Ô>Ç Ð8Ñ%Ë�Ê%ËKÜ�ú+Ñ]ß'ËKú�Ð ÑxÌxÜEú&�¦ú�ÖHÑ�Ë�ÊSj�ËKÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔòÌ�àC�LÑ(Û�ú�Ð(ÿ5Ó���ÙsÓ�Ð ËKÜ Ó+Ö<Ñ Û Ó¿Ùsú"Ê%ÑnÐ�à�LÔwhdú+Ê%Ñ ü ú��OÐ ÉEÒ�3 ËKÿ5ÑnÐ(Ù Ë�Ê ÖHÓTÊ��xËKÜ|�sØ�Ë¿Ò>ß'ÓEÿ� EÐqÓ+Ö�Ø�Ë�Ê%Òsú�ß'×tÊ%ËKÐ8ÙsÓ�ÔsÐ ËøÖtÊ%Ë�Ë¿úTÐ%Ð ÓEÿ�Ç ú"Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô ÓTÔ ú ß/ÇzÐ Ñ�Ó+Öü�� Û Ó�ÊnÜEÐ�Û�Ú>Çzÿ�ÚòÛ<Ë�Ê�ËÕÙEÊ%ËKÐ Ë�Ô>Ñ%ËKÜ Ó�Ênú�ß/ß���à � ÚEËKÐ ËDÛ Ë�Ê%ËÕÑ%ÚEËDÐ%ú>�xË�ÙEÊ%ËKÐ Ë�Ô>Ñnú+Ñ Ç'Ó�Ôòú+ÔsÜ�Ê�ËKÐ ÙsÓ�ÔsÐ8Ëÿ5Ó�ÔsÜTÇ'Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐxúTÐ]Ç'Ô³hdú+Ê%ÑøÌ�ÒBà:� Ú>ÇzÐxÐ ËKÿ5Ñ8ÇÃÓTÔ Û�ú�ÐqÜ>ËKÐÇ'È�ÔEËKÜ�Ñ%Ó��sÔsܦÑ�ÚEËx�¿ú¾+�Ç���É�� Ênú+Ñ%Ë¿ú"Ñ�Û�Ú>Çzÿ�ÚgNh/ikjmlon8prqes�tusvq ûIwexBwey�x"û s{z x qe| û~}���� s } q&����� x �H� x�wey7� � ûewW�9} ��| � � ûew~�R� h/ikjvl�nInbqes�t�svq ûWwex wey�x"û sLz x qe| û�x �����}N��� s } q&����� x � � � ûew��W��� ���{��� } q&���!t x qLh/ikjvlW��p } ��|�h�ikjmlW�I� �

Page 94: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

á]â�â�ã1ä�å]æû�å�ç�á(óEó�ãöóEó�æ7ä�ì ë¶î�ã áxê<ë�ôp± á�ë�æ|ñ â^á�ë¶îbaxá"r ý ÷

å^æ�ç�ègé@ê�ë ðsê�ñ*ò]ó9é�î�è ô.õ�ê«ç#ï«î å�ègéu�H�>õ��&î �.æ�îe��ê�ë>î«æö«üi÷ �9ù*ü&ý�þ©ÿ�ý�ú!��ÿ�Èþ � ÿ����ü�" �©û\����úNö«ü ��ÿ�©þ"ö,ü � ÿ����ü�" �©û\����úNö�� ÷ �9ù*ü&ý�þ©ÿ�ý�ú!��ÿ�Èþ � ü��-�>ÿ�þ��&ù�� �©û\����úNö�� ��ÿ�©þ"öN� ö ü��-�>ÿ�þ��&ù�� �©û\����úNö«ý ÷ �9ù*ü&ý�þ©ÿ�ý�ú!��ÿ�Èþ � ÿ����ü�" ��ù©ÿ�þ©þÈú�ö«ý ��ÿ�©þ"ö,ý ö ÿ����ü�" ��ù©ÿ�þ©þÈú���üi÷ �9ù*ü&ý�þ©ÿ�ý�ú!��ÿ�Èþ � ü��-�>ÿ�þ��&ù�� �©û\����úN��ü ��ÿ�©þ��&ü � ü��-�>ÿ�þ��&ù�� �©û\����úN����÷ �9ù*ü&ý�þ©ÿ�ý�ú!��ÿ�Èþ � ÿ����ü�" ��ù©ÿ�þ©þÈú���� ��ÿ�©þ���� � ÿ����ü�" ��ù©ÿ�þ©þÈú�

�Oú+Ò>ß'Ë ÷ Î2j�É����¿ú"Ê��¿Ó"Ö�Ñ%ÚEË(Ë,+EÙsË�Ê8Ç)��Ë�Ô�ÑKà

Ð ÉEÒ�3 ËKÿ5ÑnÐ�ÿ5Ó�É>ßzÜðúTÐ%Ð ÓEÿ�Ç ú"Ñ%ËøÇ'Ô�Ñ%Ú>ÇzÐqÖZúTÐ Ú>Ç'Ó�ÔBàw}/��ÿ5Ó��xÙsú"Ê Ç'ÔEÈ Ñ�Ú>Ç Ð¹Ênú+Ñ%ËøÑ%ÓDÑ%ÚEË?Ênú+Ñ�ËxÖtÓ�ÊqÖZú[��ÇVß/Çzú+ÊÛ Ó�ÊnÜEÐ�ÇÃÔ\hdú+Ê%Ñ�Ì�Ò���Û Ë�ÿ�ú+ÔøÈ�Ë�Ñ<ú"Ô¿ú�ÜEÜTÇ'Ñ Ç'Ó�Ôsú�ßBËKÐ Ñ Ç��¿ú"Ñ%Ë�Ó+ÖBÑ%ÚEË(ú>�xÓ�ÉEÔ>ÑdÓ+Ö½ú�Ð%Ð8Óèÿ�Çzú+Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô?ÿ�ú+Ê%Êi��×tÓ+Ø�Ë�ÊÒsË�Ñ Û Ë�Ë�Ô$hdú"Ê%ÑnÐ�Ì�úxú+ÔsÜDÌ�ÒBàhdú"Ê%Ñ ü ÒøÛ�ú�Ð�Ð7Ç)�¹Ç/ßzú+Ê]Ñ%Ó�hdú+Ê%Ñ ü ú(Ë,+sÿ5Ë�ÙEÑ�Ñ%Úsú"ÑöúqÜTÇ�' Ë�Ê�Ë�Ô�Ñ ßVÇzÐ Ñ�Ó"Ö ü�� Û Ó�ÊnÜEÐdÛ�ú�Ð1ÉsÐ ËKÜ9�>ÙEÊ%ËKÐ8Ë�ÔE×

Ñnú+Ñ8ÇÃÓTÔÕÛ�ú�Ð�Ø�ÇzÐ Ésú�ß©�Bú+ÔsÜ�Ê%ËKÐ8ÙsÓ�ÔsÐ ËKÐ]Û Ë�Ê%ËqÛ�Ê Ç'Ñ%Ñ%Ë�ÔBà7� ÚEËKÐ8Ë¥Û Ë�Ê%ËqÑ%ÚEËxÐ%ú>�xË�ÿ5Ó�ÔsÜTÇ'Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐ�úTÐ Ç'ÔZhdú+Ê%ÑÌKÿ+à\}1Ó�Ñ%Ú ü úÕú+ÔsÜ ü Ò Û Ë�Ê%ËxÒ Ë�È�ÉEÔ�Û Ç'Ñ%Ú ü ÙEÊ5ú�ÿ5Ñ Çzÿ5Ë¿Ò>ß'ÓEÿ� EÐqÓ�Ô�Ñ%ÚEË¿ý+×tÛ Ó�ÊnÜ�ÙEÊnúTÿ5Ñ Çzÿ5ËxßVÇzÐ ÑKà:�öÚ>Ç ÐÐ ËKÿ5Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô�Ê%Ë�-TÉ>ÇÃÊ�ËKÜ9�sÓ�ÔÕú�Ø�Ë�Ê5ú+È�Ë��sÌ�Í���Ç'Ô�ÉEÑ�ËKÐ�Ñ%Óxÿ5Ó���Ù>ßÃË�Ñ�Ë�à°�Oú+Ò>ß'Ë ÷ Ð8É����¿ú+Ê Ç�Y�ËKÐ Ñ�ÚEË�Ñnú�Ð# èÐ�à

SUT�VWT�� XL������Y8Z\[��Ì � Ð ÉEÒy37ËKÿ5ÑnÐ]Ùsú"Ê%Ñ Çzÿ�Ç'Ùsú+Ñ%ËKÜ ÇÃÔ Ñ%ÚEËxË,+EÙsË�Ê Ç��xË�Ô>Ñ��½ÍÖ�¿ú�ß'Ë¿ú+ÔsÜDÍ�ÖtË��¿ú�ß'Ë�à X ßVß<Û Ë�Ê%Ë�Ë5Ç'Ñ%ÚEË�Ê(Ç'Ô¦Ñ�ÚEË5ÇÃÊ Ñ%Úk��ËKú+Ê�Ó"Ö�ÿ5Ó+ßVß'Ë�È�Ë(Ó�ÊdÇ'Ô?Ñ%ÚEË5Ç'Ê2�sÊnÐ Ñ2��ËKú+Ê1Ó+Ö½È�ÊnúTÜ>Ésú+Ñ%Ë�Ð%ÿ�ÚEÓ>Ó+ß©��ÛöÇÃÑ�Ú ú+ÈTËKÐdÊnú+ÔEÈ"ÇÃÔEÈqÖtÊ%Ó�� ü Ì�Ñ%Ó ü> à

¼ÁK�É Ú´¹2V UQT#Ë0VSUT d~T�V ¡:Yo[¢Y£_W[�]�^W_¤^¦¥�X~[�Y8§�Y£^I[�¨�©ªY£«?¡:Y8��©ª^W_{��Y£�X Ô�É���ÒsË�Ê�Ó+Ö�ÖLú�ÿ5Ñ%Ó�ÊnÐ¡Û Ë�Ê%ËÕú+Ôsú�ß��Y�ËKÜ ÇÃÔ Ñ%ÚEËÕÜEú+Ñnúþà¦Æ.ÇÃÊ5Ð ÑxÓ+Ö{ú�ß/ß©�1Ñ%ÚEË?Ô>É��¥Ò Ë�ÊxÓ+Ö{Ð8Ñ%Ë�Ê%Ë�Ó�Ñ��>ÙsËKÜÊ%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÐ ËKÐ�ÙEÊ�ÓèÜ>Ésÿ5ËKÜ Ü>ÉEÊ Ç'ÔEÈ!hdú+Ê�Ñ Ì�ú?ÖtÓ�ÊxËKúTÿ%Ú�Ó+Ö7Å ÇzÐ Ñ X } ú+ÔsÜwÅ ÇzÐ Ñ X � Û�ú�Ð�ÿ�ú�ßzÿ5É>ß ú"Ñ%ËKÜ�à XÊ%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÐ ËøÛ�ú�Ð(ú+Ê%Ò>Ç'Ñ%Ênú"Ê��¦Ü>Ë,�sÔEËKÜ ú�ÐÆd agA�=�A«D�aEf,;�A«_¹Ç/Ö Ç'Ñ�Óèÿ�ÿ5ÉEÊ�Ê%ËKܦÓTÔ Ó+Ö�Ñ%ÚEË ÷ Ò>ß'Óèÿi EÐ¥ú"ÔsÜ ü Ó+ÖÑ%ÚEË�ßzú�Ð8ÑsÂ?Ò>ß'ÓEÿ� EÐ�à\� Ú>ÇzÐ(Ê�É>ßÃËøÛ�ú�Ð(Ü>ËKÐÇ'È�ÔEËKÜ�Ñ%ÓÕÐ8Ë5ßÃËKÿ5Ñ�Ó�Ô>ß��DÑ%ÚEÓ�Ð8ËxÛ Ó�ÊnÜEÐ�ÖtÓ�Ê�Û�Ú>Çzÿ�Ú ú"ÉEÑ%Ó��¿ú+Ñ8Ç ÿú�Ð%Ð8Óèÿ�Çzú+Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐ¡Û Ë�Ê%ËxÐ Ñ%Ê%Ó�ÔEÈ?Ò�ÕÑ�ÚEËxË�ÔsÜDÓ+Ö"hdú+Ê%Ñ�ÌKúEàC�LÔ¦Ñ%ÚEËk�¿ú>3 Ó�Ê Ç'Ñ��?Ó+Ööÿ�úTÐ ËKÐ��BÑ�ÚE˹Ð8Ñ%Ë�Ê%Ë�Ó�Ñ��>ÙsËKÜÊ%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÐ ËqÓèÿ�ÿ5ÉEÊ%Ê�ËKÜÕÓTÔÕú+Ñ ß'ËKú�Ð Ñ(ù�Ó+Ö�Ñ%ÚEË ÷ Ò>ß'Óèÿi EÐ�à"� ÚEËKÐ ËqÑ%Ó�Ñnú�ßzÐ�ú"Ê%Ë]ßVÇ Ð8Ñ%ËKÜ ÇÃÔ¦ÿ5Ó+ß'É��xÔsÐ ü ú+ÔsÜ�Í

Page 95: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

á]â�â�ã1ä�å]æû�å�ç�á(óEó�ãöóEó�æ7ä�ì ë¶î�ã áxê<ë�ôp± á�ë�æ|ñ â^á�ë¶îbaxá"r ý�ý

ó0é)î*èI¬pô ó0é�î�è­¬H®å-��¯±°«æ�ç�è å�è©æiñ*æ�ê,èe²v�[æ�ò �.æ�è©í�é ë�æ�ò �.æ#è´³¶µ�å�è©æ�ñN³ å�è©æ�ñ�æ�ê,èe²v�[æ�ò �.æ#è í�é�ë�æ�ò �.æ#è´³�µ(å�è©æ�ñ�³·W¸ ö¹� º ����»�¼�½ ö�¾ ö¹� º���»�º�½¿ À ö¹� ö�ö Á�¾-»�Â�½ ö�¾ ö¹� º���»�º�½Ã£Ä ö¹� Á Â�Â�»���½ ö�ö º Á�ö�»�Á�½ÀªÅ ö¹� ö�ö ����»���½ ö¹� ö�ö Á�¾\»�Â�½Æ�À ö¹� ö¹� Á�¼�»�¼�½ ö¹� ö¹� ö¹¼�¼�»�¼�½Ç�À ö�¾ ö¹� º���»�º�½ ö�¾ ö¹� º���»�º�½Ç{¸ ö�¾ ö¹� º���»�º�½ ö�¾ ö�¾ ö¹¼�¼�»�¼�½Èb¿ ö�¾ º Â�¾-»���½ ö�ö º Á�ö�»�Á�½Å�Å ö�¾ ö¹� Á���»���½ ö¹� ö¹� ö¹¼�¼�»�¼�½ÉBÊ ö¹� º Â�º�»���½ ö¹� ö¹� Á�Â�»���½¬ Ë æiñ*íÍÌ�æ ö¹��»� ö�¼�»�� ��Á�»���½ ö¹��» � ö���»�ö º�ö�»���½å�è©ò�ÎeÏ�æNË ö�»�ö ö�»�Á ö�¼�» ¾�½ ö�»�� ö�»�Á ��»���½

�Oú+Ò>ß'Ë¥ýþÎ/� Ë�Ñ%Ë�Ô>Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔÕÓ"Ö�Ð Ñ%Ë�Ê%Ë�ÓTÑ*�>ÙsËKÜ Ê%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÐ ËKÐ�ú�ÿ5Ê�Ó�Ð%Ðp�xÓEÜEú�ßVÇ'Ñ Ç'ËKÐ�à

Ó+Ö/�½ú"Ò>ßÃË�ýEàj�ËKÿ5ÓTÔsÜTß)����Ñ%ÚEËÕÔ>É���ÒsË�Ê?Ó+Ö(Ñ%ÚEËKР˦РÑ�Ë�Ê%Ë�Ó�Ñ���Ù ËKÜ�Ê%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÐ ËKÐøÛ�Ú>Çzÿ�Ú Û Ë�Ê%Ë?Ê�Ë�Ñnú�Ç'ÔEËKܸ¦LÙEÊ%ÓEÜ>Ésÿ5ËKÜ

Ó�Ôsÿ5ËDú+È�ú�Ç'Ô § Ü>ÉEÊ Ç'ÔEÈ�Ë5Ç'Ñ%ÚEË�Êthdú"Ê%ÑÕÌ�Ò�Ó�Ê%hdú+Ê%Ñ?ÌKÿøÛ�ú�Ðxÿ�ú�ßzÿ5É>ßzú+Ñ%ËKÜ�àl�öÚEËKÐ ËÕÑ%ÓTÑnú�ßzÐ�ú+Ê%ËøßVÇzÐ Ñ%ËKÜ Ç'Ôÿ5Ó+ß'É��xÔsÐCÂÕú+ÔsܦùøÓ"Ö��Oú+Ò>ß'Ë ýEàxÆ.Ç'Ôsú�ßVß����OÑ%ÚEËxÙ Ë�Ênÿ5Ë�Ô�Ñ5ú+È�ËxÓ+Ö�Ð Ñ%Ë�Ê%Ë�ÓTÑ*�>ÙsËKÜ Ê%ËKÐ ÙsÓTÔsÐ ËKÐ(Û�Ú>Çzÿ�Ú¦Û Ë�Ê%ËÊ%Ë�Ñnú�ÇÃÔEËKÜ�Û�ú�Ðdÿ�ú�ßzÿ5É>ßzú+Ñ%ËKÜ�àp� ÚEËKÐ Ë]Ø�ú�ß'ÉEËKÐ ú+Ê%Ëöß/ÇzÐ Ñ�ËKÜ�Ç'ÔÕÿ5Ó+ß'É��xÔsÐ ú"ÔsÜ ÷ Ó+Ö��Oú+Ò>ß'Ë{ýþà.�öÚEË�ú�Ø�Ë�Ênú+È�ËÙsË�Ê5ÿ5Ë�Ô�Ñnú"È�Ë¿Ó"Ö�Ð8Ñ%Ë�Ê%Ë�Ó�Ñ��>ÙsËKÜ Ê%ËKÐ ÙsÓTÔsÐ ËKÐqÊ%Ë�Ñnú�Ç'ÔEËKÜ ÖtÓ�Ê�Ñ%ÚEË?ú+ÉsÜTÇ'Ñ%Ó�Êi�¦ÙEÊ%ËKÐ Ë�Ô>Ñnú+Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô�ÿ5Ó�ÔsÜTÇ'Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô�Û�ú�Ð÷ ýEàÁÍ\Ð��Bÿ5Ó(�xÙsú+Ê%ËKÜDÛöÇÃÑ�Ú|�þÌ�à×Â\ÐõÖHÓTÊ(Ñ%ÚEË�Û�Ê Ç'Ñ%Ñ%Ë�Ô¦Ê�ËKÐ ÙsÓ�ÔsÐ8˹ÿ5ÓTÔsÜTÇÃÑ8ÇÃÓTÔBà��LÔsÿ�ÇzÜ>Ë�Ô>Ñnú�ßVß����OÖtÓ�Ê�ú�ßVß�Ñ%Ë�ÔÐ ÉEÒ�3 ËKÿ5ÑnÐ�� Ñ�ÚEË?ßzú+Ñ%Ñ%Ë�ÊøØ�ú�ßÃÉEËDÛ�ú�Ð�Ë�-�Ésú�ß�Ñ%Ó�Ó�Ê¿ÈTÊ%ËKú+Ñ%Ë�ÊxÑ�Úsú+ÔðÑ%ÚEË ÖHÓTÊ��xË�ÊKàl� Ë�Ù ËKú+Ñ%ËKÜe�xËKú�Ð8ÉEÊ%ËKÐú+Ôsú�ß��EÐÇzÐ�ÿ5ÓTÔ�sÊ��¿Ð Ñ%Úsú"Ñ�Ñ%Ú>ÇzÐ�ÜTÇ�'BË�Ê%Ë�Ôsÿ5ËqÇ Ð�ÐÇ'È�Ô>Ç��^ÿ�ú+Ô�Ñ�¦NÑLÒ ÂEà ��� Í��&;8Ò�à ���(� Ì § à

SUT d~Ted ¡:Y£��©Ó^W_���YÕÔÖ]�×?Y�öÚEË Ð ËKÿ5ÓTÔsÜDÖtÓ�Ê�� Ó+Ö{ÜEú+Ñnú�ú+Ôsú�ß��Y�ËKÜ�Û<Ë�Ê�Ë¿Ñ%ÚEËøÑ Ç��xËKÐqÒsË�Ñ Û Ë�Ë�Ô�Ð Ñ Ç���É>ßÃÉsйÙEÊ%ËKÐ Ë�Ô>Ñnú+Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô�ú+ÔsÜ

Ê%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÐ ËKжÓ�ÔsÐ Ë�ÑKàdÆEÓTÊdØ�Ë�Ê%Òsú�ßsÊ%ËKÐ8ÙsÓ�ÔsÐ ËKÐ���Ñ%ÚEË�ÜTÇ'È+Ç'Ñnú�ß/ß��øÊ%ËKÿ5Ó�ÊnÜ>ËKܹÊ%ËKÐ ÙsÓTÔsÐ Ëp�Eß'ËKÐ1Û<Ë�Ê�Ëöú"Ôsú�ß���Y�ËKÜ�Ò��Úsú+ÔsÜ�à X ß'Ñ%ÚEÓ�ÉEÈ�Ú�Ñ Ç��xË¥ÿ5ÓTÔsÐ É���Ç'ÔEÈ1� Ñ%Ú>ÇzÐp�xË�Ñ%ÚEÓEÜøÇzÐ Ò Ë5ß/Ç'Ë�Ø�ËKÜ Ñ%ÓxÒsË�ÐÇ'È�Ô>Ç��^ÿ�ú+Ô>Ñ ß��\�xÓ�Ê%Ë�ú�ÿ�ÿ5ÉEÊ5ú+Ñ%ËÑ%Úsú+Ô�ú+ÉEÑ%Ó��¿ú"Ñ Çzÿ�Ø�Ó+Çzÿ5Ë� �Ë��EÐ(ÓTʥР٠Ë�ËKÿ%Ú�Ó�ÔsÐ Ë�Ñ�Ü>Ë�Ñ%ËKÿ5Ñ%Ó�ÊnÐ�àx� ÚEËxÊ�ËKÐ ÙsÓ�ÔsÐ8Ë¿Ñ Ç��xËKÐ{ÖHÓTÊ�Ñ%ÚEËxÛ�Ê Ç'Ñ%Ñ%Ë�ÔÊ%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÐ ËKÐ Û<Ë�Ê�Ë$ TË���ËKÜ Ç'Ô Ò�ðÑ�ÚE˦Ë,+èÙ Ë�Ê Ç��xË�Ô>Ñ%Ë�ÊDÛ�Ú>ÇVßÃË�Ð ÉEÒ�3 ËKÿ5ÑnÐøÙ Ë�Ê ÖHÓTÊ��xËKÜòÑ%ÚEË Ñnú�Ð� �à �öÚ>Ç Ð�xË�Ñ%ÚEÓEÜ¹Ç Ð<ßÃËKÐ�Ð�ú�ÿ�ÿ5ÉEÊnú+Ñ�Ë�Ñ%Úsú"ÔxÖtÓ�Ê Ñ%ÚEË(ú+ÉsÜTÇ'Ó��Eß'ËKÐ��EÚEÓ+Û Ë�Ø�Ë�Ê�Ñ%ÚEË(Ë,+EÙsËKÿ5Ñ�ËKÜøË�Ê%Ê%Ó�Ê1ÇzÐ ÙEÊ%Ó�Òsú"Ò>ß)��ÔEÓ�ÑÐÇ'È�Ô>Ç��^ÿ�ú+Ô>Ñ{ú"ÔsÜÕÐ ÚEÓ�É>ßzÜ ÚsúKØTË(ÒsË�Ë�Ô ÿ5ÓTÔsÐÇzÐ Ñ%Ë�Ô>Ñ�ú�ÿ5Ê%Ó�Ð�Ð�ú�ßVß½Ñ%Ê Çzú�ßzÐ�ú"ÔsÜÕÐ ÉEÒ�3 ËKÿ5ÑnÐ�à�Oú+Ò>ß'ËKÐ���ú+ÔsÜòÌ � Ð É����¿ú"Ê Ç�Y�Ë¿Ñ%ÚEË?Ñ8Ç)�¹ÇÃÔEÈ�ÜEú+ÑnúøÖtÓ�Ê�Ñ%ÚEË?ú+ÉsÜTÇ'Ñ%Ó�Ê���ú+ÔsÜ�Û�Ê Ç'Ñ%Ñ%Ë�Ô�ÿ5Ó�ÔsÜTÇ'Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐ��

Page 96: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

á]â�â�ã1ä�å]æû�å�ç�á(óEó�ãöóEó�æ7ä�ì ë¶î�ã áxê<ë�ôp± á�ë�æ|ñ â^á�ë¶îbaxá"r ý��

å-��¯±°«æ�ç�è ì9é±��æ�ô�ô ì9éu�7æ2ôW¬ ì9éu�7æ ؾí ôW¬Lµ(ô�ô Ø>ívµ(ô¦¬·R¸ ö¹��º� ö¹����Á ö¹¼�¾�� ��Á�» Á�½ Á���»�ö¹½¿ À ö¹��¼�� ö¹Â�Á�¼ ö¹��º�º º�Á�» Â�½ ����»���½Ã£Ä ö¹�(ö�¾ ö¹��Â� Á�º�º º�Â�» ��½ �(ö�»�¼�½ÀªÅ ö�¾���º ö¹��Á�¾ Á���� Á�Á�» ¼�½ Â�¾-»�¼�½Æ�À ö�¾�Á�Á ö�ö�º�¾ Á���� Á�¼�» ��½ �(ö�Ù�Á�½Ç�À ö�¾���� ö¹��¼�� Á���º Á���» ¼�½ �(ö�»���½Ç{¸ ö¹Â�Â�� ö�¾ö¹� ö�¾�Â�¼ Á���»�ö�½ ö¹¼���»���½Èb¿ ö¹�(ö�¾ ö¹��¼�� º�º�� º�º�» ��½ Â�Â�»���½Å�Å ö¹��¾�ö ö�ö�º� ö¹¼(ö¹� ����» Â�½ Á���»�¼�½ÉBÊ ö¹Â(ö�ö ö�¾���Á ö¹¼�º�� Á�º�» ��½ ��Â�»�ö¹½¬ Ë�æ�ñ�í�Ì�æ ö¹���� ö¹��¾�¾ ö¹¼���� Á���» ��½ ��Â�»�º�½å�è©ò�ÎeÏ"æ�Ë ö&ö¹� ö�Â�ö ��¼� Á�» ��½ ö&ö�» ¾�½

�Oú+Ò>ß'Ës�þÎ.�öËKÐ ÙsÓ�ÔsÐ8Ë¥Ñ8Ç)��ËKÐ1ÖHÓTÊ�Ñ%ÚEË�ú+ÉsÜTÇ'Ñ%Ó�Êi�¿ÙEÊ%ËKÐ8Ë�Ô�Ñnú"Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔÕÿ5Ó�ÔsÜTÇ'Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔBà

å-��¯u°«æ�ç#è ì9éu��æÚ®L® ì9éu��æÛ®8¬ ì9éu�7æ Ø�¯ ®8¬Üµ8®L® Ø�¯ µ8®8¬·W¸ ö�Â�º�¼ ö¹��¾�Á ö¹¼���Á ��º�»�Á�½ ��Á�»���½¿BÀ ö���Á�¾ ö¹����� ö¹��Á�� Á���»���½ Á�¾-»���½Ã8Ä ö���¾� ö¹��Â�ö ö¹����� Á�Á�»�¼�½ Á�º�»�Á�½ÀªÅ ö�Á�º�� ö¹Â�Â�� ö¹¼���� Á�Á�»�¼�½ Â(ö�»���½Æ�À ö�Â���� ö¹����� ö�ö���ö ��Á�»�¼�½ º�¼�» ¾�½Ç�À öN¾�º(ö ö¹���� ö�ö&ö¹� Á���»�º�½ º�¼�»�¼�½Ç�¸ ����¾�� ö¹��Á�Á ö¹��º�� ��Â�»���½ Á�º�»���½Èb¿ ö�Á���¾ ö¹����¼ ö�ö���¾ Á���»�º�½ ����»�º�½Å�Å ö�Á�¼�Á ö¹���� ö¹¼(ö¹Â ����»���½ ��Â�»�Â�½ÉBÊ ö���ö� ö¹��¾�� ö¹¼�¾�� ��Á�»���½ ����»�º�½¬ Ë æiñ*íÍÌ�æ ö�����¾ ö�¾���Á ö�ö�Â�¾ Á(ö�»���½ Á(ö�»���½å�è òÍÎeÏ�æNË ����� ö�Á�¼ ö���� ��»�¼�½ º�»���½�½ú+Ò>ß'ËøÌ � Î�� ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÐ Ë�Ñ Ç��xËKÐ1ÖtÓ�Ê�Ñ%ÚEË(Û�Ê Ç'Ñ%Ñ%Ë�Ô?Ê%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÐ Ë�ÿ5Ó�ÔsÜTÇ'Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔBà

Page 97: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

á]â�â�ã1ä�å]æû�å�ç�á(óEó�ãöóEó�æ7ä�ì ë¶î�ã áxê<ë�ôp± á�ë�æ|ñ â^á�ë¶îbaxá"r � �

Ê%ËKÐ Ù ËKÿ5Ñ Ç'Ø�Ë5ß���àl� ÚEËÕÐ ËKÿ5Ó�ÔsÜ ÿ5Ó+ß'É��xÔðÓ"ÖQ�Oú+Ò>ß'Ë$��ßVÇzÐ ÑnÐ�Ñ%ÚEËÕú�Ø�Ë�Ênú"È�Ë¿Ñ8Ç)��Ë?ÖtÓ�Ê�Ê%ËKÐ ÙsÓTÔsÐ ËKÐxÑ�Ó¦ÔEË�ÛÛ Ó�ÊnÜEÐ1Ç'Ô¯hdú"Ê%Ñ�Ì�ÒBà"� ÚEË�Ñ%Ú>Ç'ÊnÜDÿ5Ó+ß'É��xÔ�ßVÇzÐ ÑnÐ]Ñ%ÚEË�ú�Ø�Ë�Ênú+È�Ë(Ñ8Ç)��Ë�ÖtÓ�Ê�Ê�ËKÐ ÙsÓ�ÔsÐ8ËKÐ]Ñ%ÓxÖLú>��ÇVßVÇzú+Ê(Û Ó�ÊnÜEÐÇ'Ô:hdú+Ê%Ñ]Ì�ÒBà/� ÚEË�ÖHÓTÉEÊ%Ñ%Ú?ÿ5Ó+ß'É��xÔøßVÇ Ð8ÑnÐ Ñ%ÚEË(ú�Ø�Ë�Ênú+È�Ë�Ñ Ç��xË(Ê%Ë�-TÉ>ÇÃÊ�ËKÜøÓ�Ô¿Ñ�ÚEË]�EÖHÑ%ÚøÒ>ß'Óèÿi øÓ+Ö.hdú+Ê%Ñ ü úEà� ÚEË]ÖtÓ�ÉEÊ%Ñ%ÚÕú"ÔsÜk�EÖHÑ%ÚÕÿ5Ó"ßÃÉ���ÔsÐ�Ê%Ë�ÙEÊ�ËKÐ Ë�Ô�Ñ Ñ%ÚEËqÙEÊ%Ó�Ù Ó�Ê%Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐÞÝ�ß�G�à�AÞá�âäã?ß G�à�A!á á�å�ú+ÔsÜÕÝ�ß G�à�Aæ <Þãäß�G&àÆAÞá�âçå{Ê%ËKÐ8ÙsËKÿ5Ñ Ç'Ø�Ë5ß���à�1Ó��xÙsú+Ê ÇzÐ ÓTÔÕÓ+Ö°�Oú+Ò>ß'Ë��xÛ Ç'Ñ%ÚZ�Oú+Ò>ß'ËÕÌ � Ê�Ë�Ø�ËKú�ßzÐ]Ñ%Úsú+Ñ]Ñ%ÚEËxú�Ø�Ë�Ênú+È�ËèÝ�ß�G&à�A7á�âéã?ß�G&à�A�á á~å

¦7ý ÷ à�Í\Ð § Û�ú�Ð.È�Ê%ËKú"Ñ%Ë�ʽÑ�Úsú+Ô�Ñ%ÚEË�úKØTË�Ênú+È�ËÞÝ�ß�G&à�A7J�âÕãUß�G&àÆAÞJªJIå"¦ ýEÌ�à×Â\Ð § à X Ê%Ë�ÙsËKú"Ñ%ËKÜ��xËKú�Ð8ÉEÊ%ËKÐú+Ôsú�ß��EÐÇzСÇÃÔsÜTÇzÿ�ú+Ñ�ËKÐ�Ñ�Úsú+Ñ(Ñ%Ú>ÇzÐ�ÜTÇ�'BË�Ê%Ë�Ôsÿ5Ë�ÇzÐ�ÐÇ'È�Ô>Ç��^ÿ�ú+Ô>Ñ%¦�ÑLÒ�Ì � à ÌKÍ�ý��y;8Ò � à � Ì�Ì�Ì § à��öÚEË¿ÜTÇ�' Ë�Ê�Ë�Ôsÿ5ËÒsË�Ñ Û Ë�Ë�ÔUÝ�ß�G�à�A æ <Úãäß�G�à�AÚáÜâçåS¦ ÷ ùEà×�\Ð § ú"ÔsÜÕÝ�ß�G&à�A æ ¨çãêß G�à�AbJ�â å7¦7ýEÌTà ü Ð § Û�ú�Ð1ÔEÓ�Ñ�ÐÇ'È�Ô>ÇVÖt×Çzÿ�ú+Ô>Ñ��EÚEÓ+Û Ë�Ø�Ë�Ê]¦�ÑLÒ�Ì�à× >ü �>;8Ò � à ü>÷ ù�ù § à

¼ÁK�M N�OQPQR�T UQV9W�OQPX ßÃÑ�ÚEÓ�ÉEÈ�Ú¦Ñ%ÚEË�Û�Ê Ç'Ñ%Ñ%Ë�Ô¦ÿ5Ó�ÔsÜTÇ'Ñ Ç'Ó�Ôe¦nÌKÿ § ÖtÓ+ßVß'Ó�Û ËKÜDÑ�ÚE˹ú"ÉsÜTÇÃÑ�Ó�Ê��¦ÿ5Ó�ÔsÜTÇ'Ñ Ç'Ó�Ôw¦nÌ�Ò § ÖHÓ�Ê�ú�ß/ß�Ð ÉEÒ�3 ËKÿ5ÑnÐ��Ñ%ÚEË(Ê%ËKÐ8É>ßÃÑ5Ð�ÿ�ß'ËKú+Ê ß��øÇ'ÔsÜTÇzÿ�ú+Ñ%ËqÑ%Úsú+Ñ�Ñ%ÚEË�Ê�Ë(ÛöúTÐ<ú¹ÒsË�Ñ%Ñ%Ë�Ê�Ê%Ë�Ñ%Ë�Ô>Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô?Ênú+Ñ%Ë�ÖtÓ�Ê�Ð Ñ%Ë�Ê�Ë�Ó�Ñ���Ù ËKÜøÊ%ËKÐ ÙsÓTÔsÐ ËKÐÇ'ÔÕÑ%ÚEËqÛ�Ê Ç'Ñ%Ñ%Ë�ÔÕÿ5ÓTÔsÜTÇÃÑ8ÇÃÓTÔBà"� Ú>ÇzÐ�Ð ÉEÈTÈ�ËKÐ ÑnÐ1Ñ%Úsú+Ñ�Ñ%ÚEË�ÿ%Úsú"ÔEÈ�Ë(Ç'Ô?Ç'ÔEÙEÉEÑ]�xÓEÜEú�ßVÇÃÑ��Õÿ�ú+ÉsÐ8ËKÐ�ú�ÈTÊ%ËKú+Ñ%Ë�ÊÇ'Ô�Ñ�Ë�Ê ÖHË�Ê�Ë�Ôsÿ5ËDÇ'Ô Ñ�ÚEË úTÿ�ÿ5ËKÐ%ÐxÑ�Ó Ñ%ÚEË�ß'ËKú+Ê%ÔEËKÜ9�(ú+ÉEÑ�Ó��¿ú+Ñ Çzÿ�ú�Ð%Ð ÓEÿ�Çzú+Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐøÑ%Úsú+ÔòÜ>Ó�ËKÐ?ú�ÿ�Úsú+ÔEÈ�Ë�Ç'ÔÓ�ÉEÑ%ÙEÉEÑ��xÓèÜEú�ß/Ç'Ñ���à/� Ú>ÇzÐöÇzÐ�ÿ5Ó�Ê�Ê%Ó�ÒsÓTÊnú+Ñ%ËKÜ�Ò��øÑ%ÚEË(Ê%ËKÐ8ÙsÓ�ÔsÐ ËqÑ Ç��xË�ÜEú+Ñnúþà��ÔÕÒ Ó�Ñ%Ú:hdú+Ê%Ñ5Ð�Ì�ÒÕú+ÔsÜDÌKÿÊ%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÐ ËKжÑ%Ó]ÖZú[��ÇVß/Çzú+Ê Ð Ñ Ç���É>ßVÇ^Û Ë�Ê%Ë È+Ç'Ø�Ë�Ô�ÖLú�Ð Ñ%Ë�Ê&�+Ó�ÔxúKØTË�Ênú+È�Ë��+Ñ%Úsú"Ô¥Ê�ËKÐ ÙsÓ�ÔsÐ8ËKÐdÑ%Ó(ÔEË�ÛðÐ Ñ8Ç)��É>ßVÇ©�Eú�ÐÛ Ó�É>ßzÜqÒsË�Ë,+EÙsËKÿ5Ñ%ËKÜ�à2� Ú>ÇzÐdÜTÇ�'BË�Ê%Ë�Ôsÿ5Ë�ÛöúTÐBÈ�Ê�ËKú+Ñ%Ë�Ê��+ÚEÓ+Û Ë�Ø�Ë�Ê���Ç'Ôxhdú+Ê%Ñ�Ì�ÿ�Ñ�Úsú+ÔqÇÃÔ?Ì�Ò%¦�Ý�ß�G&à�A!J~âëãß�G&à�A!JªJIåªìíÝ�ß�G&à�A{áÜâëãÕß�G�à�A á á�å § à�� Ú>ÇzÐdú�ßzÐ Ó(Ð ÉEÈ�È�ËKÐ8ÑnÐBÑ�Úsú+ѽú�Ð%Ð8Óèÿ�Çzú+Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐ.ß'ËKú+Ê�ÔEËKÜ(Ç'Ô�hdú+Ê%Ñ ÌKúú+Ê%Ë]�xÓ�Ê�Ë�ÚEË5ß'Ù>ÖtÉ>ßBÇ'Ô?Ê%ËKÐ ÙsÓTÔsÜTÇÃÔEÈøÛ Ç'Ñ%ÚøÛ�Ê Ç'Ñ%Ñ%Ë�Ô?ÓTÉEÑ%ÙEÉEÑ Ñ%Úsú+ÔøÛ Ç'Ñ%ÚÕú+ÉsÜTÇ'Ñ%Ó�Ê��¹ÇÃÔEÙEÉEÑ�à/�Ôsÿ�Ç Ü>Ë�Ô>Ñnú�ßVß����ÖtÓ+ßVßÃÓ+Û Ç'ÔEÈ?Ñ%ÚEËqË,+èÙ Ë�Ê Ç��xË�Ô>ѥРË�Ø�Ë�Ê5ú�ß�Ð ÉEÒ�3 ËKÿ5ÑnÐ�Ê%Ë�ÙsÓTÊ%Ñ%ËKÜ�Ñ%Úsú+Ñ�Ê�Ë�Ñ%Ê Ç'Ë�Ø�Ç'ÔEÈ?Ñ%ÚEËxú�Ð�Ð Óèÿ�Çzú+Ñ8ÇÃÓTÔsÐ�Ð Ë�Ë���ËKÜËKú�ÐÇ'Ë�Ê�Ç'ÔÕÑ%ÚEË(Û�Ê8ÇÃÑ�Ñ%Ë�ÔÕÿ5Ó�ÔsÜTÇ'Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔBà� ÔEË%��Ç'È�Ú>Ñ¥ú+Ê�È�ÉEËxÑ%Úsú+Ñ(Ò Ó�Ñ%Ú�Ñ%ÚEË�Ç'ÔEÙEÉEÑ:<>H9_xÓ�ÉEÑ�ÙEÉEÑ�Ó+Ö�Ñ%ÚEË¿ú"ÉEÑ%Ó��¿ú+Ñ8Ç ÿ¹Ùsú+Ñ%Ú>Ûöú&�Dÿ5Ó�É>ßzÜ¦Ò Ë

�xÓEÜEú�ßVÇ'Ñ*�òÜ>Ë�ÙsË�ÔsÜ>Ë�Ô>Ñ���ÒEÉEÑøÑ%Úsú+Ñ�Ç'Ôlhdú+Ê%ÑÕÌKÿ Ñ%ÚEË Ð8ÉEÒ�37ËKÿ5Ñ5пú+Ê�ËÕÿ5Ó�Ô�ØTË�Ê%Ñ Ç'ÔEÈ Ñ�ÚEË ÓTÉEÑ%ÙEÉEÑxÑ%Ó�Ñ%ÚEËÿ5Ó�Ê%Ê�ËKÿ5Ñ°��ÓèÜEú�ßVÇ'Ñ�� ú�ÖHÑ%Ë�Êp�¿ú[ �Ç'ÔEÈ�Ñ%ÚEË�ú�Ð%Ð8Óèÿ�Çzú+Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔBà2� ÚEË(Ë�Ø�ÇzÜ>Ë�Ôsÿ5Ë¡ÖHÊ%Ó(� hdú"Ê%ÑnÐ ü ú¥ú"ÔsÜ ü Ò Ð8Ë�Ê%Ø�Ë(Ñ%ÓÜTÇzÐ%ÿ5Ê%ËKÜTÇ'Ñ�Ñ%Ú>ÇzÐ]ÙsÓ�Ð�ÐÇ'Ò>Ç/ßVÇ'Ñ����dÚEÓ+Û Ë�Ø�Ë�ÊKàC�tÖ�Ç'ÑkF/A�=�A(Ñ%ÚEËxÿ�ú�Ð Ë�Ñ%ÚEË�Ô Û<Ë�Û Ó�É>ßzÜDË,+EÙsËKÿ5ÑqÑ%Úsú+Ñ(Ð ÉEÒ�3 ËKÿ5ÑnÐÛ Ó�É>ßzÜ Ñnú> �ËÕÿ5Ó�ÔsÐ7Ç Ü>Ë�Ê5ú+Ò>ß��ðß'Ó�ÔEÈTË�ÊxÇ'Ô�ú�Ð%Ð ÓEÿ�Çzú+Ñ Ç'ÔEÈ�Ñ%Ó¦ÖLú>��ÇVßVÇzú+Ê?Û Ó�ÊnÜEÐ�ÓTÔ4hdú+Ê%Ñ�ÌKÿ?Ñ%Úsú"ÔðÑ%Ó�Ñ%ÚEËÛ Ó�ÊnÜEÐ�ÙEÊ5ú�ÿ5Ñ Çzÿ5ËKÜ ÇÃÔ�hdú+Ê%Ñ ü Ò��<ú+ÔsÜ Ñ%Ú>ÉsÐ9Ý�ß�G&àÆA æ ¨îãïß�G&à�AÕJ~â åøÛ<ÓTÉ>ß Ü ÒsËDÊ%Ë5ßzú+Ñ Ç'Ø�Ë5ß��òÐ��¿ú�ßVßLà¿�Ë�Ø�Ë�Ê%Ñ%ÚEË5ß'ËKÐ%Ð��ÜÝ�ß�G&à�A æ ¨{ãäß�G&à�AbJ~âçå�ú�ÿ5Ñ%Ésú�ßVß��¿Ñ�ÉEÊ%ÔEËKÜxÓTÉEÑ�?�<>=©I(A�=dÑ%Úsú+ÔÕÝ�ß G�à�A æ <Hãêß G�à�A!á�âçå¦7ú�ß'Ñ%ÚEÓTÉEÈ�Ú?ÔEÓ�Ñ�ÐÇ'È�Ô>Ç��^ÿ�ú+Ô>Ñ ß�� § à2�LÑ�Ñ%Ú�ÉsÐ�Ð Ë�Ë��¿Ð Ñ%Úsú"Ñ Ç'Ñ ÇzÐ ÙEÊ%Ó�Òsú+Ò>ß��?ÔEÓ�Ñ ÔEËKÿ5ËKÐ%Ð�ú+Ê���ÖHÓ�Ê]Ð ÉEÒ�3 ËKÿ5ÑnÐ Ñ%Óÿ5Ó�Ô>Ø�Ë�Ê%Ñ Ñ%ÚEË5Ç'Ê(ú�Ð%Ð ÓEÿ�Çzú+Ñ%ËKÐ Ò Ë�Ñ7Û Ë�Ë�Ô�Ó�ÉEÑ%ÙEÉEÑ�Ê%Ë�ÙEÊ�ËKÐ Ë�Ô�Ñ5ú+Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsÐ Û�ÚEË�ÔDÐ Ú>ÇVÖHÑ8ÇÃÔEÈøÓ�ÉEÑ%ÙEÉEÑ��xÓèÜEú�ß/Ç'Ñ Ç'ËKÐ�à

Page 98: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

á]â�â�ã1ä�å]æû�å�ç�á(óEó�ãöóEó�æ7ä�ì ë¶î�ã áxê<ë�ôp± á�ë�æ|ñ â^á�ë¶îbaxá"r �EÌ

�Ô Ð É����øú+Ê�����Ñ%Ú>ÇzÐ(Ð Ñ%ÉsÜ�¦Ð ÉEÈTÈ�ËKÐ ÑnÐ�Ñ%Úsú+Ñ�ú�Ð�Ð Óèÿ�Çzú+Ñ8ÇÃÓTÔsÐ]Ç'Ô¦Ñ%ÚEËxú+ÉEÑ%Ó(�¿ú+Ñ ÇzÿqÙsú+Ñ%Ú>Û�ú��Õú"Ê%Ë��xÓ�Ð ÑßVÇ� �Ë5ß��ðÖtÓ�Ê���ËKÜ�ÒsË�Ñ Û Ë�Ë�Ô úu�xÓèÜEú�ß/Ç'Ñ��>×LÜ>Ë�ÙsË�ÔsÜ>Ë�Ô>Ñ?Ç'ÔEÙEÉEÑ?Ê%Ë�ÙEÊ%ËKÐ Ë�Ô>Ñnú+Ñ8ÇÃÓTÔðÓ+Ö(Ñ%ÚEË Ð8Ñ Ç��¥É>ß'ÉsÐ?ú+ÔsÜ ú�xÓEÜEú�ßVÇ'Ñ*�>×JÇ'ÔsÜ>Ë�ÙsË�ÔsÜ>Ë�ÔEÑ ÿ5Ó�È�Ô>Ç'Ñ Ç'Ø�Ë Ê%Ë�ÙEÊ%ËKÐ Ë�Ô>Ñnú+Ñ8ÇÃÓTÔ�Ó+ÖsÑ%ÚEË ú�Ð%Ð ÓEÿ�Çzú+Ñ%Ë�à X ßÃÑ�ÚEÓ�ÉEÈ�Úxú�Ð7ÇÃÈTÔ>Ç��^ÿ�ú"Ô�ÑdÔ>É��x×ÒsË�ÊqÓ+Ö�Ð Ñ%Ë�Ê%Ë�ÓTÑ*�>ÙsËKÜ Ê%ËKÐ ÙsÓTÔsÐ ËKÐ(Û Ë�Ê%ËxÊ�Ë�Ñnú�Ç'ÔEËKÜDÇ'Ô¦Ñ�ÚEË¿ú+ÉsÜTÇ'Ñ%Ó�Ê���Ç'ÔEÙEÉEÑxÿ5Ó�ÔsÜTÇ'Ñ Ç'Ó�Ô��dÑ%Ú>ÇzÐqÿ5Ó�É>ßzÜ¦Ò ËÜ>ÉEË?Ë�Ô>Ñ Ç'Ê%Ë5ß�� Ñ%ÓDÑ%ÚEË?Ð ÉEÒ�3 ËKÿ5ÑnÐ�8OÒsú�Ð8Ë�×tÊnú+Ñ%ËKСÖtÓ�Ê�ÙEÊ%ÓEÜ>Ésÿ�Ç'ÔEÈ Ñ�ÚEË¿È+Ç'Ø�Ë�Ô�Ê�ËKÐ ÙsÓ�ÔsÐ8ËÕú+ÔsܦÑ�Ó ÙEÊ8Ç)�¹ÇÃÔEÈË,'BËKÿ5ÑnÐ Ó�Ù Ë�Ênú+Ñ Ç'ÔEÈøÛ Ç'Ñ%Ú>Ç'ÔDÑ%ÚEË¥ÿ5Ó�Ô>Ñ%Ê%Ó"ß/ß'ËKÜ Ùsú+Ñ%Ú>Ûöú&��à X ÜEÜTÇ'Ñ Ç'Ó�Ôsú�ß�Ë,+EÙsË�Ê Ç��xË�Ô>ÑnÐ�Ç'Ô>Ø�Ó+ß'Ø�Ç'ÔEÈÕúqßzú+Ê�È�Ë�Êú+ÔsÜ �xÓTÊ%ËÕÜTÇ'Ø�Ë�ÊnÐ ËDÐ ÉEÒ�3 ËKÿ5ÑxÙsÓ>Ó+ß{ú+ÔsÜ�Ø+ú+Ê Ç'ËKÜòÿ5Ó�ÔsÜTÇ'Ñ Ç'Ó�ÔsйÖHÓ�Ê�Ñ%ÚEË ß'ËKú+Ê%Ô>Ç'ÔEÈ Ó"Ö{Ñ%ÚEËÕÐ8Ñ%Ë�Ê%Ë�Ó�Ñ��>ÙsËKÜÊ%ËKÐ Ù Ó�ÔsÐ ËKÐ��¿ú&�xÒsËqÔEËKÿ5ËKÐ%Ð%ú+Êi�¿Ñ%Óøÿ5Ó�Ô�sÊ��íÑ%ÚEËKÐ8Ë7�sÔsÜTÇ'ÔEÈ�Ð�à

Page 99: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

ð �ïñS���³�Á� AÐ��¢

ò �����������Þ��óWÙ­ôÓ»�Ù�õ�����ù�ý���ú���(ú�ÙLöL»Ù~�9ùÈú�����Ù÷ÀÚ»�ÙWøíùgù�ü�����ÿeÙWÄ�»Rú*ö�º�º���û�»Iõ���>þÈù©ÿ����þÈÿ���r��ø/þ���ú�ý�ú�ùÈú��ú�""����þ��7�ú��(ù���û�����ý�����"���&ÿ�ý�ü�"ø����ý�þ©ÿ���ÿ��-ü�ö ÿ��[ú��ý�ú�ø@ù����Lü7ýiü��©úH��ø�ý�úiù©ú��ú�""�ü�ùª�>ú��&ú��ú�ù�ü�þ©ÿ úÛ�>ÿ����ùm�[ú�ù¹»ý æ��>ñ*êþ��î�²�çþÿ[ê�õ�êvÌ�é@í Ù-��¼�ü���ö¹��� ����Á�»

ò "�"�û\��ùÈþ¹Ù�¿H»Ù�øÕÃ�����ú�""eÙ�öL»�ú�ö¹º�Á(ö¹ûN»Íõ����Sû\���úN¾þ��I��ø�þ���ú{�Sú�>þ*ü�"�"�ú � ÿ�ýv��8» ìñ*í�ë[îþ³\��³yå^ê,ç�³yóyê�ë�ò�³ Ù���º���ü���º����¾ö¹¼�»

ò -�>ú�ù�����£Ù-Æ\»\ú*ö�º�Á���û�» ò ý�����ÿ�©ÿ�þ©ÿ��Þ��ø�ýv�����ÿ�þ©ÿ ú ���>ÿ""e»�� î�²�çþÿ�³I��æ�Ë,é@æ� Ù�Á�º�ü ��Â�º��´¾�¼�Â�»ò �������Èþ©ÿ�ú�Ù�Æ-»oú*ö¹º�Á���û�»�¸L��ú"ÿ�����")ü�ù~"����úpÿSû�ùÈÿ�sü�þÈú���ÿ�ýv"�-�>ÿ��H�����sü���¹»�ý æN�¾ñ�êH�.æ#î Ù-��ü ���#ö�¼�»·�ü�ù���8Ù�Æ-»Ù�øÕÅ>þ©ù�ü��L����8Ù�õ »¢ú*ö¹º���Â�û�»�L�ÈúL��ø���ù©þ������&ù*ü�û���ÿ�ý�ü�-�Ó����ùm���´�Èû�ú«ý#ÿ� �ýL������L"�ú¹���&ú�ÿ]ù©ú«ü��>ÿ��ª����ùm�¢�

ü�"����-��»�� ³����v�[æiñ�³ � î�²�çþÿ�³���� ���7í�ë � æ�ñ�ç�³�í�ë�ò � æ�ñ���³ Ù���ü���Á�Â�����º���»·�ü������-Ù ò »Ù�Å�ü�"�ü�Ù�Å�»Ù�øUÃ�ü�ù*ü��\��"�ü�Ù�Èè»�ú*ö�º�Á���û�» ò û���ü��Èÿ)ü]ü�ùÈÿ�©ÿ��pø@ù�����û���ùÈú�"� �>úiú�û�"�úN�©ÿ�����» ®�ê�ñ�è©æ�� Ù�����ü ��º��

¾�¾-»· ú«ý�����ÿ�þ��8Ù��ª»Ù�Ã�úN"�"��ü����ÖÙ�õ »Ù�Àpù�������Ù�¿H»�Ù�øUÈ�ÿ""�ú�ù¹Ù�À!»�ú*ö¹º�º�¼�û�»�Êè��ùm��ô�ú�þ�ü ò "�ú � ÿ)ýiü�"8��ü�þ*ü��ü��©ú{��ù��¾ü�(ÿ��iú¹�

��sû�����ý�����"�ÿ����(ÿ��Èþ©ÿ�ý�û(ù©ÿ�ý�ÿ�û�"�ú���»�� ñ�é ë�ç�æ�è©ê�ë! Òë�éuË�æ�ñ#î*èe²Þ®�êvÌ�ë�é�ègéuË�æ2å^çié@æ�ëç*æ�ó1í�¯�ê�ñ*í,è©ê�ñN²ª�.æ ��ê�ñ�è�"�Ø�³· ú�ÿ�©ú�ù�Ù�¿�»\ú�ö¹º�º�¾�ûN» ò �7���>ú�"\��øI�©ú#����úN¾þÈÿ�ü�"1û(ù���ý�ú����©ÿ��Sÿ�þ��(úB�ü��*ü�"��¾ü����"�ÿ�ü�» 1ë��\��¯�õ é�îvÿ[æ�ò »· ú�ù�>þ�����£Ù�À!»Ù�ø9¸I�&ù©ú�""�-Ù�È+»�ú*ö�º�Á���û�»�¸L�(ú�û�ü�"�ú���ý�ú�ùÈú��ú�""����Ýü�-�]þ���ú�ÿ>þ©ú��&ù*ü�þÈÿ��H��ø8�ú���ü ÿ��ù*ü�">ø���ý�þ©ÿ��£»

� ÿ�²,î�é@ê�õk³ � î�²�çvÿ�³ Ù�ö¹¼�ü�����ö¹��»· ù*ü&ý��&ú��e¸­��"���Cÿ�þ©þ¹Ù$�ª»Ù��yÿ�\�>ú�8Ù ò »Ù-õ�ü��ü ü�8Ù ò »Ù%�L��ý����©þÈù����£Ù-·{»�Ù\Å�ý�����"&��Ù�öL»Ù�Ê\ú����Èú�"eÙ-ÇH»Ù-øä¿2ÿ�úN�ú�ù¹Ù('ª»

ú�ö¹º�Á�º�ûR¸L��ú"ý�ú�ùÈú���úN"�"���Ðýþ��>þ©ùÈÿ�����þ©ú��2þ��!�Cú�>þ*ü�"\���>ÿ""�¹» ô/ævÿ�í�Ë�³ ý æN�>ñ*ê�³ Ù�ö¹¼���ü ¾�¾����´¾�¾�Â�»õ*)�&þ�+ú�Ù��W»\øäõ�ù���þ�ý��(ú�ù¹ÙIÈè»�ú�ö¹º�º�ö¹ûN»-õ���ü�û�þ©úiù�¾���ü�¸L��ú�·�ü��*ü�"WÀ"ü����"�ÿ)ü�»�ùe4öL»�Ç°ü�-�>ú�"eÙ�Æ-»�Å�ý����.ü�ù©þ,��Ù/ø ¸ª»

Æ&ú����Èú�"" ú´öW����»�û�Ù-� ñ�é�ë�çié��õ�æ#îQê.� ý æN�>ñ*ê îiçié@æië�ç�æ�/10�ñ�ò2�.ò�é)ècé@ê�ë ÙIÂ�¾���� Â���º�»/ôÜ��ù��.ü�"���Ù8õ�¸ªü ò û�û�"�ú�þ���rø�Òü���&ú�»

õ�ü�ù©ù¹Ù�¸ª»�Ù�ø9�£��""�ü�þ��Èú���Ù ò »�ú*ö�º�Á���û�»���ú,ýv�����ÿ&��ÿ��/û�ùÈÿ¾þÈú¹�Ó�~�&ùm����ü ò "�����"ü�þ9ýv��ù©ùÈú�>þ~�Þ���>ú�"�¹»Nùe�¿H»Í· ú����ú�ù¹Ù¸ª»NÊ\ú�""�úiù¹Ù�ø:À!»�È�ü�ýNÇ/ÿ����!úeöW���¹»�ûNÙ �.æ�í�ò�é�ë�ÌL�.æ#î«æ*í�ñ*çþÿ Ù���ü�ö���Á���»vô�úN�èÉ~�&ù���Ù¹ô÷ÉÛü ò ý�ü��>ú��Cÿ)ýI�9ùÈú�����»

õ��&ù��ú�þ©þ�ü�Ù-È+»�Ù�ÈÆÿ�ú��ÿ8Ù-Ã�»Ù�¿{�����Cú���ú�ù�Ù�Å�»Ù�Å�����"�sü�8Ù�ÀÚ»�Ù�ø �Òú�þÈú�ù��Èú�8Ù8Åo»�ú*ö�º�º(ö¹û�»�Å[ú�"�ú«ý�þ©ÿ ú6ü�-�Þ�>ÿ ÿ��[ú¹�ü�þ©þ©úN¾þÈÿ��r����ùÈÿ�� ÿ����ü�"L�>ÿ�*ý�ùÈÿ�Sÿ�ü�þÈÿ����{��øL����ü�û�ú�Ù�ýþ��"��ù�Ù0ü�-�4�©ûú�ú¹��üÞÃ���ý�þ©ÿ��ü�"�ü��ü�þ����!� ���û\���Èÿ�þÈù���súN�Sÿ���Èÿ���7þ����7���&ù*ü�û�����»%� ³ ý æ��>ñ�ê,î«ç�é±³ Ù�ö&ö�úeÁ�û�ü�����Á���� ��¾�¼���»

� ü

Page 100: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

3*4 q 453*4�68794;: ��Â

õ�ù�ü��Súiù¹Ù��I»\ú*ö�º�Â�Á�û�» ðsê�ñ*òH¬pî�î«ê,ç�é@í ècéEê�ë »�ôÄú��9É���ù���Ù�ô÷ÉÛü ò ý�ü��[ú��Sÿ�ý�� ù©ú����¹»õ����Þ�Sÿ����¹Ù�Æ-»oú*ö¹º�º���û�»�Ã(ù���>þ�ü�"<�´������ýv��ùÈþ©ÿ�ý�ü�"1ý#ÿ�ù�ýv��ÿ�þ��/ü�-�Þ�����sü�!��ú��ü ÿ�&ù¹» ¬pñ�çvÿ ý æ��>ñ�ê�õ Ù���¼�ü�Á�������Á�Á�¼�»¿pü���ü��Èÿ��\Ù ò »\ú�ö¹º�Á���ûN»��1ü������ü���úpü�-�Cþ��(úª��ü���ü�"��>ü����"�ÿ�ü�» ìñ*æië�ò,î�³�é�ë ý æ��>ñ*ê�³ Ù�Â�ü ¾�¾����e¾�¾�¾-»¿pü���ü��Èÿ��\Ù�'ª»Ù¹ø:¿pü���ü��Èÿ��\Ù ò »�ú*ö¹º�Á�¼�û�»�¸L�(ú�ü��ü�þ����Sÿ�ý�ü�"���ü��©ÿ�8��ø^ýv��\����ý�þÈÿ���6ü�û���ü��Èÿ)ü�» ô.ñ�í�é�ë Ù¾ö�¼���ü ������� ����¼�»¿2ú�ú��Èú�Ù\Æ-»\ú�ö¹º�Â���ûN»�=��þ���úª�©þÈù���ý#þ���ùÈú���ø ü�������ý�ÿ�ü�þÈÿ ú �Sú«ü��ÿ��-»>� î�²�çþÿ�³I�.æNË,é@æ�� Ù�Â�º�ü�ö�Â�ö���ö¹����»¿2ú���ü�ú��ú�Ù\Å�»Ù�õ���ü����ú�� � Ù�Æ-»\ú*ö�º�Á�º�û ò �©ÿ�Sû�"�ú{�7���>ú�"\��ø9û�ù©ú�øEù���>þ�ü�"0ýþ��ù©þÈú � ø&���ý�þÈÿ����ÿ���>ú�"�ü���ú��?�cùÈú��©û\����©ú

þ�ü�������»@� ³�êA�!®�êþÌͳ ý æN�¾ñ�ê�³ Ùö�ü���¾�¾�����Â(ö�»¿2ÿ�ü��Þ��-��Ù ò »Iú�ö¹º�Á�Á�ûN»8¿2ÿkó^ú�ùÈú��ý�úN���ú�þe��ú�ú�$ü�����"�þ"ü�-�%ÿ>øgü�>þ°ýv�����ÿ�þÈÿ���8ü ùe�"þ���úSý�ù��ý�ÿ�ü�" ü�ù©ÿ�ü���"�ú"û�ù©úN�A�

ú�ý�úb��ùSü����©úN�ý�ú4��øB"�ü������ü���ú#B�»£ùe9�W»IÊ\ú�ÿ���¾ù�ü�>þ,�4úeöW��»�û�Ù ì£ÿ[ê���̹ÿ&èC��é)è�ÿ�ê��&è6õ�í�ë�Ì��[íÍÌ�æ »9= � ø&��ùm�oüõ�"�ü�ùÈú�-����b�9ù©ú����¹»

öI>þe��ÿ��"�ú�Ù�¿H»\ú�ö¹º�Â�Â�ûN» ðsê�ñ�òª¬�î*î«ê,ç�éEí,ègé@ê�ë>î6ê.�ED^ê��>ë�Ì�®Iÿ¾é õ�ò�ñ�æ�ë »�·�ü�"�þÈÿ�7��ùÈú�Ù�Èb¿Hü�Æ�������5'L�&û��>ÿ�����9ù©ú����¹»ÃÒÿ�ú���ÙIÆ\»�ÙI�Òú�þ©úiù��©úN8ÙLÅ�»Ù­õ���úN�ú���Ù­Èè»ÙIøF�/ü�ÿ)ý���"�ú�Ù£Èè»Wú�ö¹º�º���ûN»�ùe�Sûü�ÿ�ù©ú¹� ���$�e�7�&þ��&ùB"�ú«ü�ù��ÿ���ü�-�%ú�ù©ù���ù

�>úiþ©ú«ý�þÈÿ��xü�������ý�ÿ�ü�þ©ú¹�Þ��ÿ�þ���ý�ú�ùÈú��ú�"")ü�ùB��ü��sü���ú�» ô.ñ�í�é�ë ö�ö¹��ü�ö¹�����#ö���Á�»ÃÒÿ�ú���ÙLÆ\»Ù÷ø �Òú�þÈú�ù��Èú�8Ù Å�»Lú�ö¹º�º���ûN»W�WöI¸Ðü��Cû�ü�ùÈþ!��ø6ü��ÿ>þ©ú�ùv�>ÿ�*ý�ÿ�û�"�ÿ�ü�ù��$ü�û�û�ù��¾ü�ý���þ��è��-�>ú�ù��©þ*ü�-�>ÿ��

û�ù���ý�ú����Èú��"ÿ ��" ú¹�]ÿ�ù©ú«ü��>ÿ��-»(� î�²�çþÿ[ê�õ�³9å^çiéu³ Ù�¾\ü���Á���� ��º���»Ã�� � ÙÍ�I»Ù�ø È�ÿ¾þ���8Ù�È+»�ú*ö�º�Á�º�û�»�ôL��(ÿ� ü��©ÿ ú9ø&���ý�þÈÿ����ü�"���ù�ü�ÿH�sü�û(û�ÿ��L���6ý���ü���&ú����>ÿ�©þ©ùÈÿ����þ©ÿ���ü��ü�"���©ÿ�

��ø ü úiù*ü��&ú¹���WöI¸ ÿ�sü��&ú�����øG'�H�I,J�=H»K� ³ ý �[çiõ�³�Lxæ�ò�³ »\��¼�ü�öN¾�öM�#öN¾�º�»Ã(ù©ÿ�©þ���8Ù�ÇH»Ù-Ã(ù©ÿ�þ��£Ù/õ »Ù���ÿu���¢"�ú�Ù-�I»Ù-ø?Ã(ù*ü&ý�������ÿ�ü���Ù��ª»oú*ö�º�º�ö�û�»�ùe ú��©þÈÿ�¾ü�þÈÿ��süÚ�ú�þe����ù����Þ�¢�[ú�"8��ø¦����ùv�

�&ú��ú�ù�ü�þ©ÿ�� ��ÿ�þ��sû\���Èÿ�þ©ù����ú��Sÿ���Èÿ��7þ����7����ù*ü�û�����»N� ñ*ê,ç�³£��³9å�ê«çN³9ó1ê�ë�ò�³9ô Ù\��¾�¾-ü�ö¹¼(ö���ö¹¼�Â�»Ã(ù©ÿ�©þ���8ÙWÇH»ÙWÃ(ù©ÿ�þ��8ÙWõ »ÙW�9ü����©ÿ�����ü��4Ù��ª»ÙW��ÿu���¢"�ú�ÙW�I»�ÙIøfÃ(ù*ü�ý�������ÿ)ü���Ù@�Ó»Wú�ö¹º�º���ûN»­È��&þ��&ù"û�ù*ü&ý�þ©ÿ�ý�ú�ü�-�

�úN��ù��&û������Èÿ��"���&ÿ)ýiü�"�ü���ü�û�þ�ü�þÈÿ���6ÿ7þ���ú°ý�úiù©ú��ú�""���Öü9üpû\���©ÿ�þÈù���7þ����Þ����ù�ü�û����ª�Èþ��-�¢��»$� ñ*ê,ç�³o��³1å�ê«çN³ó1ê�ë�ò�³9ô Ù-��¾�Á�ü�������������Á�»

Ã(ù©ÿ�þ��£Ù-õ »Ù�Ã�ùÈÿ�©þ���8Ù-ÇH»Ù���ÿu���¢"�ú�Ù-�I»Ù�øäÃ�ù�ü�ý�������ÿ�ü���Ù$�ª»oú*ö¹º�º�ö�û�»�ÊZÿ""�ú¹�Sü&ý�þ©ÿ���ü�-�Cþ���ú"û(ù©ú�ø@ù���>þ*ü�"0ýv�&ù©þÈú �ÿ7��ü�8ü9üÓ�©þ��\������ÿ�þ�� �Wö¦¸ª»�� ñ�ê«çN³£��³9å^ê,ç�³9ó1ê�ëò�³ ô Ù���¾�¾-ü���¾�ö�����¾�Â�»

À"ü���ù©ÿ�ú�"eÙ�È+»�øO=2ù���ü�Ù�öL»�ú*ö�º�Á���û�»��0ü�ù*ü�"�"�ú�"ü�-�H�Èú�ù©ÿ�ü�"(û�ù���ý�ú����©ú��{��ø�þ���ú2û�ù©ú#ø@ù���¾þ�ü�"�ü�-�]ý�ÿ�����"�ü�þ©ú/ýþ��ù©þÈÿ�ý�ü�"�����Èþ©ú��Þ������ùÈÿ���!��ú��ü ÿ�&ù*ü�"�"�ú«ü�ù��ÿ��\» ô�ñ*í�é�ë��.æ#î«æ�í�ñ*çþÿSôL�>õ�õ�æ#ègé�ë Ù�Á�ü���Á�ö�����Á���»

À �(ú��Öõ »Lú�ö¹º�º�ö¹ûN»~õ���ü�û�þ©úiù7¾�ö�ü4¸L��úÖõ�ú�ùÈú���úN"�"���4»Wùe öÜ»~Çpü�-�[ú�"eÙLÆ-»LÅ�ý����.ü�ù©þP��Ù�øF¸ª»WÆ&ú����Èú�""!ú´öW�¢�¹»�û�Ù� ñié�ë�çié���õ�æ�î"êA� ý æ��>ñ*ê î«ç�é@æië�ç�æM/Q0�ñ�òR�.ò�é�ègé@ê�ë Ù-Â���Â���Â�¾�Â�»�ôL�&ù���ü�"��Ù�õ�¸ªü ò û�û�"�ú�þ���bø �Òü���&ú�»

À ��"u���sü�$�.�2ü��>ÿ)ý�Ù¹�I»�ú*ö¹º�Á�¾>ü�û�»�È�������")ü�ùW��ù��¾ü��ÿ&�«ü�þÈÿ������ø^þ���ú/û(ù©ú�ø@ù���>þ*ü�"^ýþ��ù©þÈú � » ìñ�æ�ë�ò î/é�ë ý æ��>ñ�ê�³ Ù���ü ¾�ö�º��¾���¾-»

À ��"u���sü�$�.�2ü��>ÿ)ý�ÙÍ�I»�ú*ö�º�Á�¾��-ûN»�¸L��úÄø@ù���>þ*ü�"\"���ú��¹ü�Ü�ý���ü�ùÈþ©ú¹�Cû�ù�� ÿ�ý�ú��L��ø1þ���ú��(ù*ü�ÿ8» ìñ*æië�ò,îpé�ë ý æN�>ñ*ê�³ Ù��ü ¾������´¾���º�»

À ��"u���sü�$�.�2ü��>ÿ)ý�Ù��I»\ú*ö�º�Á���û~¿2ú ú�"��û��Cú�>þ~��ø ýv�&ù©þÈÿ)ýiü�"0ý#ÿ�ù�ýv��ÿ�þ©ù��sü�-��ýv�����ÿ�þ©ÿ úÄø����ý�þÈÿ��8» ®Iÿ>é�õ�òÓÏ"æ�Ë�æ�õ�êv��Î�7æ�ë[è Ù\��Á�ü�Â�¼�ö���Â�����»

Page 101: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

3*4 q 453*4�68794;: �

Àpù�ü,ø���ü�8ÙNÆ-»�ú*ö�º�º�¾�û ò "�þ©ú�ù��ü�þÈÿ ú�ø@ù�ü��SúN�~�&ù����Òø���ù9þ��(ú/ýv���ý#ú�û�þ��ü�"�ÿ&�«ü�þÈÿ���!��ø�û�ù©ú#ø@ù���¾þ�ü�"\"���ú�ø����ý�þÈÿ�����»�ùeÃ�»�·R��""�ú�ù~øUÆ\»�À�ù*ü,ø&�sü�Þú´öR���¹»�û�Ù �"í�ë�ò�¯�ê«ê ïQê.� ý æ��>ñ�êv��î�²�çþÿ[ê�õ�êþÌͲ ÙÒö¹Á���� ��¼�¼�» ò �7�Èþ©ú�ùv��ü��4ü8öI"�©ú ÿ�ú�ùÅ�ý#ÿ�úN�ý�ú�»

Àpù�ü,ø@þ���8Ù�Åo»�Ù�Èkü�����ÿ�&þ©þ*ü�Ù�Æ-»Ù��9ùÈú��©þe��Ù�Å�»Ù�Ã�ùÈÿ��Èþ���8Ù�ÇH»�Ù�Ã(ù*ü&ý�������ÿ�ü���Ù$�ª»Ù�øä�I�(ú�"�û��¹Ù\Èè»\ú*ö�º�º���û�»�Ã����ý�þÈÿ���ü�"ü��ü�þ����!�4��øª�����sü�:û�ù��[ý#ú¹����ù�ü�" "�ú«ü�ù��ÿ��r�>ú�þÈú�ù��Cÿ�(ú¹�:��ÿ�þ���ù©úN��ÿ���ü�"/ý�ú�ùÈú���ù*ü�"ª��"�����TS\���Lü�-��Wö¦¸ª»@� ³ ý æN�¾ñ�ê,î«çiéu³ Ù�ö¹��ü�����¾���������¾�Á�»

Àpù��������sü�8ÙLÈè»Ù�õ�ù©ÿ��\ÙL�I»�Ù���ú�ÿ ÿ�ý��£Ù÷È+»�Ù{Å>þ©ú�ù� È+»�Ù{øU'Ü��ù©þÈÿ�-Ù5'Ó»�ú�ö¹º�º���ûN» ò þÈþ©ú�>þ©ÿ��¯ü�-� �©ú�>þ©úN�ý�úû�ù���ý�ú����Èÿ��9�>ú� ^ý�ÿ�þ���ÿ �9ü�ù��>ÿ������V � �>ÿ�©ú,ü��©ú�ür¸L��ú%ù���"�úb��ø�ü�>þ©ú�ùÈÿ��&ùsý�ÿ�����"�ü�þÈúxýv��ùÈþ©ú � » ®�æiñ*æ�¯�ñ�í�õ®�ê�ñ�è æM� Ù���ü���ö�����������»

'2ü�ÿ�ú�ù¹Ù��Ó»�Ù�Å>ÿ�ú���úN"´Ù�·�»NÆ�ù�»�Ù�È�ü&ý��1ü&ý���"�ü�8Ù ò »Ù�Å����>ú�ù�"�ÿ��\Ù¹öL»Ù¹�o��þÈþ©ú���ú�ù��\Ù�Å�»Ù¹ø:·R��ý�������ü����ÖÙ�Èè»�ú�ö¹º�º���ûN»���ú���&ÿ����ü�"���"��ýv���©ú��Sú�þ�ü��\��"�ÿ�ý9ý��ü���&ú���ü,øEþ©ú�ùI"�ú«ü�ù��ÿ��°üpýv���Sû�"�ú � ÿ��������Èû�ü�þÈÿ�ü�"�W��Þ��þ��&ù�þ�ü����/üÒü/û\���Èÿ�þ©ù���ú��Cÿ���©ÿ��7þ����Þ���&ù*ü�û���ÿ�ý��©þ��\����» ô.ñ�í�é�ë �.æ�î«æ�í�ñ�çvÿ Ù�����¼�ü�ö¹��¾���ö�¾���»

'Äú�ù���ýv� ÿ�þ�ý��8ÙB�I»Ù�È�ü�ù����ü��ÖÙRÆ-»Ù9�/ü�ÿ)ý���"�ú�ÙLÈè»Üú*ö�º�Á���û�»W· ù*ü�ÿ� ��"�����XS-���f�Sú«ü�����ùÈú¹�)��ÿ�þ���ÿ¾þÈù*ü ú�������'�H�I,J�=H»�ù�»�¸L�(ú���ù��sü�\�Súiù©ù��&ù°ü��ü�"���©ÿ�¹»�� ³ ý ��çiõ�³�Lxæ�ò�³ Ù\��¾-ü���Á�������Á�º�»

'Äÿ�>þ���8ÙªÀ!»Ùªø Å��ü�""�ÿ)ý#ú�Ù ¸ª»ªú�ö¹º�º�ö¹ûN»���úN�©ÿ���ÿ��Zü�³ü�þ©þÈù*ü&ý�þ��&ùÖ�úiþe�~�&ù���üÕùe ú��©þÈÿ�¾ü�þÈÿ����b��øsü�ý�����ÿ�ùÈú¹�������"�ú � ÿ�ü�»(� î�²�çvÿ�³I�.æNË«é@æ� Ù�º�Á�ü���¾Y� º���»

'Ü������Ù�Æ\»�Ù�ø:ÊZÿ�Èú�Ù�Åo»�ú*ö�º�º��&ü�û�=��(þ�"�ÿ�ú�ø&��ù�ü2þ��(ú���ù�����ø-�7�&þ���ù£��úN��ü ÿ��&ù¹ü£ùe ��" ÿ��/ýv����ûú�ù�ü�þ©ÿ ú/ü�ý�þÈÿ���!��øþ���ú/ý�ú�ùÈú���úN"�"���4Ù���ü��*ü�"��¾ü����"�ÿ�ü�Ù«ü�-�]ý�ú�ù©úN��ù*ü�"1ýv��ùÈþ©ú � »�ùeZ�Ó»��Ü�-�����Sÿ8Ù¹È+» ò ù���ÿ�8Ù�ø9Ã�»�õ�ú�ù ü�>þ©úN�A��Òú�ùÈú��7úeöW����» ûNÙ�ý æ��>ñ*ê î«ç�é@æië�ç�æ�5[�ñ*ê�� ý æN�>ñ*í�õ ý æ#èA��ê�ñ�ï,î/è©êª¬pñ#ècé \�ç�é@í�õ�]ië>è©æ�õ�õ éÌ�æ�ë�ç�æM/W�.æ#î«æ*í�ñ*çþÿ ý ê,è©æ�îé�ë ý æN�¾ñ�í�õI®�ê����\��ègé�ë�Ì Ù�ÄR��"e»�¾\Ù�¾������e¾���¼�»�'Äú�ÿu�>ú�"�ú�ù��\ü~Å>û�ùÈÿ���ú�ù.�´Ä ú�ù�"�ü��\»

'Ü������Ù\Æ-»Ù�øäÊZÿ�©ú�Ù/Åo»8ú�ö¹º�º����\ûL¿/ÿ�Èþ©ù©ÿ���(þ©ú¹�î�7������"�ü�ù.ü�ù*ý���ÿ�þ©ú«ý#þ���ùÈú���"�ÿ��>ÿ��H��ü���ü�"I�¾ü����"�ÿ�ü�Ù�ý�úiù©ú��ú�""���ÖÙü�-�Sý�úiù©ú���ù�ü�"9ýv��ùÈþ©ú � üI¸L��ú�ÿ�ù�ù���"�ú2ÿSû�"�ü���ÿ��"ü�-�Cýv��>þ©ù���""�ÿ��6ü�ý#þ©ÿ��8»�ùe �I»$�L�\�����Cÿ�£ÙÍÈ+» ò ù���ÿ�8ÙÃ�»Iõ�ú�ù ü�¾þÈú��A���Òú�ù©ú � ÙLø^�ª»K�L���7�búeöW����» ûNÙ�ý æN�>ñ*ê,î«çié@æië�ç�æ��_[^ñ�ê�� ý æN�¾ñ�í�õ ý æ#è`��ê�ñ�ï,î6è©êÞ¬pñ�ècé \�ç�éEí�õ]ië>è æiõ�õ éÌ�æië�ç�æN³W�.æ#î«æ�í�ñ*çþÿ ý ê,è©æ�î7é�ë ý æN�>ñ*í�õ~®�ê����\�&è í ècé@ê�ë Ù£ÄW��"e»�¾\Ù�¾��(ö��e¾�º���»%'Äú�ÿu�>ú�"�ú�ù��\üªÅ>û�ù©ÿ��&ú�ùA�Ä�úiù�"�ü��\»

'Ü���Sû��(ù©ú����¹ÙIÀ!»Ù8øíö úiþ©þ¹ÙW�R»Iú*ö�º�Á���û�» ò ù©úCþ���úiù©úSÿ-�[ú�û�úN-�>ú�>þH"�ú � ÿ�ý�ü�"�ü�\�4����"�ú � ÿ�ý�ü�"�ù�����þ©ú��]ÿÖ����ùv�û�ù���ý�ú����Èÿ���B ò Cú ü�"��ü�þ©ÿ��!��ø0þ��(úç�¢��ü�"<�gù����(þ©ú/þ���ú��&ù��7��ø1ù©ú«ü��>ÿ��-» ô/æþÿ[í�Ë�³�í�ë�ò]ô�ñ*í�é�ëCå^ç�é±³ Ù�Á�ü�Â�Á�º����¾�¼�»

Æ>ü��ú�ù�Ù�ÇH»Ù�ø9�9ü�ùm�¢�-Ù�Æ-»�ú�ö¹º�º(ö¹ûN»Í¿2ú� �ý�ÿ�þ���ÿ�H�©úN"�ú,ý�þ©ÿ ú/ü�þ©þÈú�>þ©ÿ��]ø���""�����ÿ��L�(ÿ�"�ü�þ©ú�ù�ü�"�ü�>þ©úiù©ÿ��ù�ý#ÿ������"��þ����!��»� ³�®�êvÌ�³ ý æ��>ñ*ê î«ç�éu³ Ù���ü����(ö�����¾�ö�»

Çpü�\�>ú�"eÙ�öL»�ú�ö¹º�º�ö¹û�õ���ü�û�þ©ú�ù���¼�üI�Òú�ù*ý�úiû�þ©ÿ��î��ø¦È ��þ©ÿ��8Ù�¿2ú�û�þ��£Ù�ü�-��Ã���ù��4»�ùeböL»�Çpü�-�[ú�"eÙ�Æ-»-Å(ý�����ü�ùÈþ,��Ùø ¸ª»�Æ�úN���©úN"�"IúeöW����» ûNÙ(� ñ�é�ëç�é��õ�æ#îÄê.� ý æ��>ñ*ê î«ç�é@æië�ç�æM/@0�ñ�ò1��ò�é�ègé@ê�ë Ù�¾�¾�¼��e¾�Â�Â�»�ôL�&ù���ü�"��Ù�õ�¸ªü ò û�û�"�ú�þ���ø �1ü����ú�»

Çpü�û���ù¹Ù\Å�»Ù��Ü���©ú�Ù%�ª»Ù���ÿu����"�ú�Ù��I»Ù$aÿ�û���ù�������Ù��Ó»�Ù�· ù����L£Ù�À!»Ù�Å>þ������ ¿H»�Ù$'L����"�ú�Ù-Åo»�Ù�øU¸I��" ÿ��-Ù�öL»\ú�ö¹º�º�¾�ûN»¸L��úkù���"�úb��ø"þ���ú4"�ú�ø@þ7û�ùÈú�ø@ù���>þ*ü�""ýv�&ù©þÈú � ÿ ú�ù���ü�"pû�ù��[ý#ú����Èÿ���-üè�Èú��sü�¾þÈÿ�ýSû(ù���ý�ú����©ÿ��:��ùÞ��ÿ�""�ú¹�ü&ý�þ©ÿ��(B�»\ý æN�¾ñ�ê��.æ ��ê�ñ�è Ù���ü���ö�º���� �(ö¹º�Â�»

Page 102: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

3*4 q 453*4�68794;: ��b

�Òü����Èú�8Ù\ôª»Ù�ùe�� ü�ù¹Ù�¿H»Ù�Å��>ÿ���ced�Ù�öL»oú*ö�º���Á�û~· ù*ü�ÿSø&���ý�þÈÿ���sü�-�Þ��"�����CS-���ª» å^çiéu³8¬ �H³ Ù�����º�ü�Â���� �(ö�»�yú�ÿ�ú�ù¹Ùf'ª»ÙW��úiÿ�(ú�ù¹Ù ò »ÙWøf¿{���ªÙ��ª»Rú*ö�º�º(ö¹û�»o¸L��ú������sü�\ý�ú�ùÈú���ù����©ý�ú�ù©úN��ú�"")ü�ù7�����Èþ©ú��4ü7ÿ�þ��7ýv���Cû���þÈÿ���-Ù

ýv�����ÿ�þÈÿ ú�Ù�ü�\�!"�ü������ü��&ú����¾ÿ""�¹» ô/ævÿ�í�Ë�³9ô�ñ*í�é ë��.æ#îþ³ Ù�¾�¾\ü�ö�ö¹���#ö���Á�»�yú�ÿ�ú�ù¹Ù�'Ó»�Ù\��ú�ÿ�úiù¹Ù ò »Ù-øä¿{���ªÙ��ª»oú*ö�º�Á�Â�û�»�¿{�>ú��/þ���ú7ý�ú�ù©úN��ú�""���Ðýv��>þ©ù©ÿ���(þ©ú"þ��7�SúN¾þ�ü�"����¾ÿ""�eB ôÄæþÿ[í�˹³

ý æ��>ñ*ê î«ç�éu³ Ù�ö¹¼�¼�ü ¾�¾����´¾���¾\»�yú�ÿ�ú�ù¹Ù�'ª»Ù8��úiÿ�(ú�ù¹Ù ò »Ù/ø ¿����ªÙ��Ó»8ú�ö¹º�Á�º�ûN»���ú«ü�û�û�ù*ü�ÿ�©ÿ��7þ��(úSý�ú�ù©úN��ú�""���4üLÊ9��ü�þç�¢�¾úN�°þ���ú!��ÿ-���(ù*ü�ÿ

ýv��>þ©ù©ÿ���(þ©úª�&þ�þ���úpø��&ù©ú���ù�ü�ÿ8» ô/ævÿ�í�Ë�³ ý æN�>ñ*ê îiçiéu³ Ù�ö�¼���ü º�º�Á��#ö�¼�¼�Á�»�yú�ÿ�ú�ù¹Ù?'ª»Ù���úiÿ�(ú�ù¹Ù ò »ÙÍø ¿����ªÙ��Ó»�ú*ö�º�º���û�»�õ������ÿ�þ©ÿ ú�ü�-� "�ü������ü���úÒø����ý#þ©ÿ����I��ø�þ���ú������sü�°ý�úiù©ú��ú�""���Ö»

ìñ*æië�ò î°é�ë ý æ��>ñ�ê,î«ç�é±³ Ù�ö¹Â�ü ¾�¾�¾Y�´¾���¾-»�yÿ�����úiù���úiù¹Ù�Å�»\ú*ö�º�Á�Á�û�»�¸L�(úB(ú���ù*ü�"8��ü��©ÿ��ø��&ù~"�ú«ü�ù��ÿ��!��ø­�©ÿ�Cû�"�úL�7��þ���ù����>ÿ""���» å�ç�é@æië�ç�æ ��¾���ü�����Á�� ������»È�ýNõ�ü�ù©þ�����Ù��Ó»Ù/ø Ê:ü�ù©ùÈÿ���þ���8Ù\öL»Iú*ö�º�Á�¾�û�» ò þe�~�Y�cù�����þÈú��Þ�¢�[ú�"8��ø~�©ûú�ú«ý��:û(ù�������ý�þÈÿ��8ü ö ÿu�>ú��ý�ú]øEù����

ü�û���ü��Èÿ�ü�» ô�ñ*í�é ë Ù�ö¹¼���ü ¾�Â����e¾�Á���»È�úN����"�ü��4Ù�Èè»\ú*ö�º�º�¼�û�»��Òü�ù���ú��e�*ý�ü�"�úª�ú���ù���ýv�����ÿ�þ©ÿ úª(ú�þe�~�&ù����/ü�\� �[ÿ��Èþ©ùÈÿ�����þ©ú¹�Æû�ù���ý�ú����©ÿ��Cø��&ù/ü�þ©þÈú�>þ©ÿ��£Ù

"�ü������ü���ú�Ù>ü�-�Þ�Cú��7�&ù���» ¬pë�ë�í�õ î6êA� ý æ��>ñ�ê�³ Ù���Á�ü���º�����Â�ö¹��»È�ÿu���¢"�úiþ���£Ù�Ã�»�Ù�ø9Å>þ©ùÈÿ�ý���Ù��I»¢ú*ö¹º�º�¾�û�» ò �ü�þ����Cÿ)ýiü�"�ú ÿu�>úN�ý�ú�ø&��ù0ý#ú�ù©ú��ú�""�ü�ù�ü�-�Ó��ü��*ü�"��>ü����"�ÿ�ü�ÿ ��" ú��SúN¾þ

ÿ7�(ÿ�����ú�ù/ýv�����ÿ�þÈÿ ú2ø����ý�þÈÿ��8» å^çié@æië�ç�æ Ù\��Â�Â�ü ¾���Á��e¾�Â�ö�»È�ÿ"�ú�ù��\Ù�Ê »¹ø ·W"���Þ�©þ©úiÿ�£ÙÍÅo»�ú*ö�º�Á�ö�û�»���ú � ÿ�ý�ü�"��>ú,ý�ÿ�©ÿ��7ü�-�]ü�û���ü��Èÿ)ü�ü�ö ÿ��[ú��ý�ú�ø��&ù8�Èú��sü�¾þÈÿ�ý9û�ù���ý�úN���©ÿ��\»ô�ñ*í�é�ëhg ó1í�ë¢Ìͳ ÙÒö�¾\ü ����öÈ�ÿ�����>ÿ�£Ù-Èè»Ù�È�ü�")ü��!��þ¹Ù�·{»�Ù�ø ·�ü&ý��(ú ü�"�ÿ�ú�ù¹Ù\Æ\»�ú*ö�º�Á�¾�û�»�ÈÆú��7�&ù©ÿ�ú��/ü�\����ü��(ÿ�þ��¹ü þe�~�!�úN��ù*ü�"­�����©þ©úN�7�¹»�ùe

À!»£�����ý��rø?Æ\»8È�ý�À�ü������:ú´öW����»�û�ÙRý æN�¾ñ�ê�¯ié@ê�õ�êvÌ�²�êA�Qóyæ�í�ñië�é�ë�Ì�í�ë�ò_LxæN��ê�ñ�² Ù­Â���������»/ôÄú�� É~��ù���Ùô÷ÉÛü-Àç��ÿ"��¾ø���ùv��»

�9ü�"�ú�ù��7�\Ù-¿H»Ù/ø Æ�ú���>ÿ���Ù�Æ-»Iú�ö¹º�Â�Â�ûN»�Êè�&ùm��ü�������ý�ÿ�ü�þ©ÿ��b���ù��Þ�¹»�È�ÿ��ú,ü�û\��"�ÿ�¹Ù-Èîôªü�Ü�ÿ ú�ù��©ÿ�þe����ø�È�ÿ$��úN����þ�ü!�9ù©úN���¹»

�9ü�ùv���-ÙÜÆ-»ÙB�9ü�ùm���\Ù��I»ÙLƾü��ú�ù¹ÙªÇH»Ù�øi�2ü�ÿ�ý���"�ú�Ù�Èè»{ú�ö¹º�º�¼�ûN»W¸L��ú\ü�>þ©úiù©ÿ��ù�ý�ÿ�����"�ü�þ©úxýv�&ù©þÈú � �Cú¹�>ÿ�ü�þÈú��û�ù���ý�ú����Èÿ��!�©ú�"�ú«ý#þ©ÿ���ÿSþ���úªÅ>þ©ù����&ûsü�þ©þ©úN¾þÈÿ���ü�"1ýv��$Sÿ)ý#þ�û�ü�ù*ü��>ÿ���Ö»N� ñ*ê,ç�³ ý í,ègõ�³-¬pç�í�ò�³1å�ç�éu³1 yå�¬ ÙÁ���ü�����Â�������º�»

�Òú�þÈú�ù��Èú�8Ù-Åo»�Ù�Ã�� � Ù��I»�Ù��£�����ú�ù¹Ù�È+»�Ù�È�ÿ>þ���£Ù�Èè»Ù�øj�2ü�ÿ�ý���"�ú�Ù�Èè»�ú*ö�º�Á�Á�û�»��£���Èÿ�þÈù���7ú��Sÿ���Èÿ��]þ����Þ���&ù*ü�û���ÿ�ý�Èþ��-�>ÿ�ú��{��ø9þ���ú6ýþ��ù©þÈÿ�ý�ü�"1ü��ü�þ����!�H��ø­�Èÿ���"�ú �~�&ùm�Cû�ù��[ý#ú����Èÿ���-»�ý í,èe�>ñ*æ Ù�����ö�ü���Á���� ��Á�º�»

�Òú�þÈú�ù��Èú�8Ù-Åo»�Ù�Ã�� � Ù��I»�Ù��£�����ú�ù¹Ù�È+»�Ù�È�ÿ>þ���£Ù�Èè»Ù�øj�2ü�ÿ�ý���"�ú�Ù�Èè»�ú*ö�º�Á�º�û�»��£���Èÿ�þÈù���7ú��Sÿ���Èÿ��]þ����Þ���&ù*ü�û���ÿ�ý�Èþ��-�>ÿ�ú��{��ø9þ���ú"û(ù���ý�ú����©ÿ��7��ø­�Èÿ����"�ú�����ùv���¹»K� ³�®�êþÌ ë�³ ý æN�>ñ*ê,î«çiéu³ Ù�ö�ü�ö������#ö���¼�»

�Òú�þÈú�ù��Èú�8Ù�Å�»Ù�Ã�� � Ù��I»Ù�Å�����>ú�ù�Ù ò »Ù�ø!�2ü�ÿ�ý���"�ú�Ù�Èè»�ú*ö�º�º�¼�û�» ò ý�þÈÿ ü�þ©ÿ��Ó��ø�ú � þÈù*ü��Èþ©ùÈÿ)ü�þ©ú/ü�-�2ø@ù���>þ*ü�"[ýþ��ù©þÈÿ�ý�ü�"ü�ù©ú«ü��L��� ÿ�����ü�"�����ùv���/ü�\�7����ùv�?�e"�ÿ�&ú��©þÈÿ�!��"�ÿ´» å^ç�éEæ�ë�ç�æ Ù-��¾�º�ü�ö�¼�¾�öM�#ö�¼�¾�¾�»

�Òú�þÈú�ù��Èú�8Ù�Åo»�Ù ø ÃÒÿ�ú��Ù Æ-»{ú*ö�º�º���û�»�¸L��ú%û�ù��[ý#ú����Èÿ���9��ø��Èÿ���"�úb����ùv�����©þ��\�>ÿ�ú¹�9��ÿ�þ��¯û\���Èÿ�þÈù���Zú��Sÿ���©ÿ��þ����7����ù�ü�û�����» ¬pë�ë�³I��æ�Ë�³ ý æN�>ñ*ê îiçiéu³ Ùö¹Â�ü���¼�º�� ����¼�»

Page 103: 0 ( 1 -2 !3!3-,* * 40 - Language Lab MITtedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/RohdeBSThesis.pdf ·  · 2012-08-07L-MON4PRQTSUQWV X4Y4Z3S>[\[\PR]^S>_a`Gbdc\[eSUbgfih4Xjflk4flf>ZEPm_n[oqp [\N4PsrWPmt

3*4 q 453*4�68794;: ��ù

�£�����ú�ù�Ù�Èè»�ø9�9ùÈú��©þÈÿeÙ�¿�»¢ú*ö¹º�Á���û�»�Å>ú�"�ú«ý�þÈÿ ú/ü�þÈþ©ú�>þÈÿ���Sü�-�]ýv�����ÿ�þ©ÿ ú.ýv��>þ©ù���"e» ìñ*æië�ò,î�é�ë ý æ��>ñ�ê Ùö¹¼�ü�ö�����ö¹��»�£�����ú�ù�Ù/È+»�Ù\�Òú�þ©ú�ù��©ú�£Ù8Å�»Ù-Ã�� � Ù��I»�Ù�øk�2ü�ÿ�ý���"�ú�Ù�Èè»�ú�ö¹º�Á�Á�ûN»�����ý�ü�"�ÿ&�«ü�þ©ÿ��Þ��ø�ýv�����ÿ�þ©ÿ úB�&û�úiù*ü�þÈÿ�����ÿ�þ���ú

������ü�!��ù�ü�ÿ8» å^çié@æië�ç�æ Ù�¾�¼�ü�ö�Â������#ö�Â��(ö�»�2ü�ÿ�ý���"�ú�Ù-Èè»Ù\Ã1ÿ�ú���Ù-Æ\»Ù�Ä/ÿu�>úiú�8Ù\¸ª»Ù-È�ü&ý���ú�����Ù ò »�Ù��9ü�ùv���-Ù�Æ-»Ù-Ã�� � Ù-�I»Ù-øä�Òú�þÈú�ù��Èú�8ÙIÅ�»�ú�ö¹º�º�¾�ûL�9ù�ü�ý�þÈÿ�ý�ú��

ùÈú�"�ü�þ©ú��Sý���ü����ú���ÿ7�����sü���(ù*ü�ÿ]ø����ý�þ©ÿ���ü�"�ü��ü�þ����!���¢��ù©ÿ��ª�����Þ��þ��&ùI"�ú,ü�ù�(ÿ���-» ®�æiñ*æ�¯�ñ�í�õ£®�ê�ñvÎè©æ�� Ù�¾-ü�Á�� ��Â�»

�Äú��7"�ú���Ù-ôÓ»�ÙoÊZÿ"�����8Ù�¿H»Ù�ø¤Å�(ú�þ���úiù�8ÙIÀ!»Iú�ö¹º�Á(ö¹ûN»/ö­ó^ú«ý#þ��ª��øÄü�¾þÈú�ù©ÿ�&ù�ý#ÿ������"�ü�þÈú�"�ú��Èÿ���� ��4�©ú����(ú�>þ©ÿ�ü�"�ú���ü ÿ��ù��¹» ôL�>õ�õ�æ#ègé�ë�êA�pè&ÿ[æ � î�²�çvÿ�ê�ë�ê��6éEç�å^ê«çié@æ#è´² ÙÒö¹Á�ü­����¾�������Â�»

Å�ý�����ü�����ü��£ÙvÆ-»�ú�ö¹º�º(ö¹ûN» ò 6úN�Sú�ù���ÿ��°ýþ���ý�úiû�þ¹üI¸L��ú�ý�ú�ùÈú��ú�"")ü�ù�ýv��¾þÈù©ÿ����þÈÿ��]þ�� ��ÿ����úiù1ø&���ý�þÈÿ���8» ¬pñ*çþÿ�³ý æ��>ñ*ê�õ�³ Ù�¾�Á�ü�ö�ö���Á��#ö&ö¹Á���»

Å�ý���(ú�ÿu�>ú�ù¹Ù£Ê »Ù8ø?Å¢��ÿkó^ùÈÿ�£Ù��ª»£ú*ö�º�����û�»�õ���¾þÈù���"�"�ú¹�%ü�\�xü���þ����sü�þÈÿ�ý�������ü��ÿ>ø&��ù���ü�þÈÿ���Sû�ù���ý�ú����Èÿ��-ü ù�»¿2ú�þÈú«ý�þ©ÿ��8Ù��Èú«ü�ù�ý��£Ù^ü�-�Sü�þ©þÈú�>þ©ÿ��8»l� î�²�çvÿ�³I�.æNË«éEæ�� Ù�Á�¾-ü�ö���Â�Â�»

Å��ü�""�ÿ)ý#ú�Ù ¸ª»Ù�È�ý��yú�����Ù��I»ÙHø �yú���ÿ�¹Ù�ÇH»Óú*ö�º�Á���û�»{ùe����")ü�þ©ÿ��Zýv�����ÿ�þ©ÿ úÖ�Þ�¢�¢��"�ú��b��ÿ�þ��wþ���ú ���ü�"<�cþ�ü����û�ü�ù*ü��>ÿ���Öü ò ù©ú4�©ûú�ú«ý��wûú�ù*ý�úiû�þ©ÿ��³ü�-��û�ù�������ý�þÈÿ��� �Èú�û�ü�ù*ü�þÈúxû(ù���ý�ú����©ú���B m ��í�ñ�è æiñ�õk² � ³R���m�\³� î�²�çþÿ�³ Ù\��� ò ü���¼�����������»

Å��ü�""�ÿ)ý#ú�Ù�¸ª»Ù-øäÅ�üÍó^ù�ü�8Ù\öL»£ú*ö�º�Á�Â�û�»\��ú � ÿ�ý�ü�"Òû�ù���ý�úN���©ÿ���ÿ�þ���ú7ü����©ú��ý#ú���ø ú � û�"�ÿ�ý�ÿ�þL����ùv��ÿu�>ú�>þ©ÿ< ^ý�ü�þ©ÿ��£üö ÿu�>ú�ý�úpø@ù����ÝüH"�ú�þÈþ©ú�ù.�´���?�´"�ú�þÈþ©ú�ù2ù©ú«ü��>ú�ù�» ®�êþÌ�³ ý æ��>ñ�êv��î�²�çþÿ�³ Ù\��ü ¾���º��e¾���Á�»

Å>þÈú�ù���ú�ù��\ÙªÅ�»{ú*ö�º�Â�º�û�»R¸L��ú �[ÿ���ýv� úiù��9��ø6û�ù���ý�úN���©ÿ�� �©þ*ü���ú���ü:ú � þÈú���Èÿ��������øÛ¿{��-�>ú�ù��#VL�Cú�þ�������» ¬°ç#è©í� î�²�çþÿ[ê�õ�³ Ù\��¼�ü�����Â�����ö���»

¸L�����Sû�����8Ù$�ª»\ú�ö¹º�Á�Â�ûN»�¸L��ú �ú���ù�����ÿ��"������!��ø­"�ú«ü�ù��ÿ��7ü�-�Þ�SúN�7��ù���» å^çié@æië�ç�æ Ù\������ü�º�¾ö���º�¾���»Ä2ÿ������"�\Ù8�W»ÙI·W��ý�ý�ü�ùm�>ÿeÙ�öL»Ù­øfõ�ü ú�ù��ÿeÙI�W»Rú*ö�º�Á�Â�û�»�Ü�ú � ûú«ý�þ©ú��9õ�¸f�´��ý�ü�n \-�>ÿ����]ÿÖ��"����ü�"�ü�û��ü��©ÿ�ü�»

®�ê�ñ�è æM� Ù�����üI����� Â�º�»ÄW����þ�Ù�·{»Ù�Ã1ÿ�ý��8Ù�¿H»Ù�øo={"����8Ù�õ »\ú*ö�º�º���û�»�Ã����ý�þÈÿ����ü�"\��ú�þÈú�ù�����ú�(ú�ÿ�þe�sÿ�ý�ÿ�����"�ü�þ©ú°ýþ��ù©þÈú � üW¸L��ú"ü�¾þÈú�ù©ÿ�&ù

ú � ú«ýþ��þ©ÿ ú]ü�-�Cû\���©þÈú�ù©ÿ�&ù�ú ü�"��ü�þ©ÿ ú2ù©ú��&ÿ�����¹» ®�æ�ñ�湯iñ*í�õ8®�ê�ñ�è©æ�� Ù���ü ¾������e¾�¾���»