you will be taking a lot of notes today. these notes should help you with your next writing...
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You will be taking a lot of notes today. These notes should help you with your next writing assignment.
Please turn in your handout 5.3 organizer, assigned Friday 1 November.
Please turn in your time line if you haven’t done so already. A 0 out of 32 will kill your grade
Tomorrow we will be in room 106 with Mrs. Nunley
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US HistoryChapter 5 & 6
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Why did England fight to keep the colonies?
Once you fight for something…what do you want in return…?
After the war, the French went home…but what about the Indians…?
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Stopped the westward movement of the
English (Temporarily—most people ignored
it)
After Pontiac’s War---Appeased the Indians
for a time
British kept troops in the colonies to enforce
it
Daniel Boone---explored Kentucky
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What are taxes?
Who gets the money?
How are they collected?
Who decides what is taxed?
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The French and Indian War cost the King a lot of money• Supplies• Troops• Disrupted Trade
Tax / duty• A way of collecting money /
revenue from the sale or use of a good
• Money goes to fund the government
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“Taxation without Representation”
What does this mean…?
When are you ‘taxed’ and not ‘represented…?
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1763---The 13 colonies are still independent entities owned by Britain• No central government• No President• Local Laws (different in each colony)• Each state has its own money
Following the war, King George III sends more people to oversee and control the colonies
Some simply stayed after the war
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Tax put on Molasses.
Hurt Triangular Trade
Result: Colonist smuggled molasses into colonies
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Tax put on all legal documents.
Wills, diplomas, marriage and death certificates, newspapers, playing cards
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Tax put on glass, paint, lead, and tea.
Writ of Assistance - Any English official could inspect cargo or colonists home without permission of the owner.
Today- Unreasonable search and seizure – Police must have a __________ or probable cause.
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Colonists are angry that they are not able to debate or discuss with England the new taxes imposed on them by the King.
Result: Petition, protest, boycott
NO VOICE!!
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The King decides its time to regain political control and generate more wealth from the colonies
1764-Sugar Act• Decided in Britain• Put a tax on any sugar related
products Had existed before---but most did
not pay it• Made it enforceable---
smugglers would be punished---more people to enforce it
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March 1770 Started as a argument between British
Troops and Colonists• Snowballs• Talking Smack
Out of panic, British Fire on the Colonists• 5 killed
Helped cement the bad relations between the British and Colonists
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The British repeal the Townshend Acts because they are a failure• The King was losing money
Tea became the next item the colonist would boycott
British East India Tea Company Tea Act 1773 Boston Tea Party
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A direct result of the Boston Tea Party1.Completely shut down the port of Boston2.Disallowed town meetings3.British criminals could only be tried in
Britain Even if the crime is committed in the
Colonies
4.British troops had the right to stay in peoples houses
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September 1774 - Philadelphia
Delegates from every colony except Georgia
Agreed to:• Boycott ALL British Goods• Stop ALL exports• Each colony was to set up
and train a militia
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April 1775 After the FCC (First
Continental Congress) the colonial militias began to form
Colonists began to stockpile weapons and ammunition
Concord and Lexington British General Thomas
Gage decides to find and seize the weapons
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British troops began to march toward Concord
Colonists become aware Paul Reveres famous
‘Midnight Ride’ to warn people the “British Are Coming”
At daybreak the colonists are assembled and ready to meet the British Force
Approx 700 British to about 70 armed Colonists
It would be easier to
text…
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Colonists and British meet at Lexington
Outnumbered the colonist begin to leave
Someone fires a shot• Shot Heard Around the World
Both Sides return fire – • 8 colonists killed, 1 British wounded
At Concord – fighting was worse• 273 British dead, missing or wounded
THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION HAD BEGUN
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May 1775 – Philadelphia ALL 13 colonies are present Main Goals:
• Colonial War Effort• Question of Independence…?
Noteworthy People• George Washington• Thomas Jefferson• John Adams• Sam Adams• Ben Franklin• Patrick Henry (“Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death”)
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From Virginia --- Well Educated
Wealthy Selected at the SCC to
draft a ‘Declaration of Independence’
Had writing ability --- something not common at the time
33 Years old at the time
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What is Independence….?
At first, MOST of the colonists did NOT want war or to be free from Britain• They wanted changes – Ex: Fair Taxes,
Ability to vote When this did not seem likely many
people switch sides—but not all People loyal to the King were called
Loyalists Those people that chose to fight
against Britain were Patriots
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Primary Author: Thomas Jefferson• Others helped revise
Adopted by the SCC on July 4, 1776
Formal ‘Break-up’ with Britain Bold Statement Preamble is an enduring
statement about human rights• However troubled…
One of the World’s Most Influential Political Documents
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The enemy of my enemy is my friend
France is still bitter and recovering from the defeat of the French and Indian War
Supplied a large amount of the gunpowder used by the revolutionists• 90 % in the first 2.5 years of the war
At first, support was done in secret, for fear of an open war with England
Offered in 1778 --Treaty of Alliance• American and French Forces will fight until
victory is achieved
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When the men left to fight, the women were left to work
Farming / Crops Uniforms / Blanket “Handy Betsy the Blacksmith” Medics or Cooks in the army
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Betsy Ross—according to legend created the first ‘American flag’ and presented it to General George Washington
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Molly Pitcher--- carried water to soldiers in battle – when her husband is killed in front of her, she starts to fight alongside the men—loading cannons
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1776- 500,00 African-Americans lived in the Colonies
Some were slave, others free British had a hollow offer of ‘Freedom’
to those who served in Kings Army• Most never lived to see their freedom
About 5,000 served against the British Some were segregated, others
integrated
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Black Patriots did not attain freedom following the war—despite fighting for it
Formally opened the slavery issue into national debate
In the North---it had already fallen out of favor
In the South---it became bigger than ever
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October 7, 1780 Patriots succeed in capturing King’s Mountain
Daniel Morgan and Nathanael Greene led many defeats of the British army in the South
France Marion using guerrilla, or hit-and run tactics against Cornwallis and other Loyalist
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Former American General
Turned traitor Helped British
win victories in New York and Virginia
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Cornwallis moved to Yorktown, VA, a Peninsula between the James and York Rivers
Cornwallis counted on the British Navy to supply his troops and evacuate him if necessary
Washington moves to Yorktown, trapping Cornwallis along with the France fleet blockade led by de Grasse
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September- 16,000 Patriot troops surrounded 8,000 British troops
With supplies running low and looks of defeat
Cornwallis agreed to surrender his army on October 19,1781
British troops marched out of Yorktown to the song “ The World Turned Upside Down”