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World’s oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface OCEANS

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Page 1: World’s oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface OCEANS

World’s oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface

OCEANS

Page 2: World’s oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface OCEANS

Salt content and water temperature affect water density

WATER DENSITY

Page 3: World’s oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface OCEANS

More dense (heavier) – colder and saltier

Less dense (lighter) – warmer and less salty

WATER DENSITY

Page 4: World’s oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface OCEANS

Currents driven by heating and cooling, gravity, and water density

CURRENTS

Great Ocean Conveyor

Page 5: World’s oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface OCEANS

Upwelling – vertical flow of cold, nutrient-rich water toward the surface

UPWELLING & DOWNWELLING

Horizontal currents diverge

Page 6: World’s oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface OCEANS

Downwelling – surface waters sink

UPWELLING & DOWNWELLING

Surface currents converge

Warm water pushed down

Page 7: World’s oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface OCEANS

3 zones photic, aphotic, and benthic

3 zones of the photic zoneIntertidal NeriticOpen ocean

OCEAN STRUCTURE

Page 8: World’s oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface OCEANS

Intertidal zone High tide line to the lowest low tide line

Intertidal organisms have to be able to withstand being submerged in water, beat by waves, being exposed to the air and sun

3 PHOTIC ZONES

Page 9: World’s oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface OCEANS

INTERTIDAL ORGANISMS

Page 10: World’s oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface OCEANS

Intertidal zone (cont’d)Nutrient richLarge number of organisms some burrow into the sand until high tide returns

3 PHOTIC ZONES

Page 11: World’s oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface OCEANS

Neritic ecosystemExtends from low tide mark to the edge of the continental shelf

SunlitMost productive ecosystems

Kelp forests Coral reefs

3 PHOTIC ZONES

Page 12: World’s oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface OCEANS

NERITIC ECOSYTEMS

Page 13: World’s oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface OCEANS

Kelp forestSupplies shelter and food for invertebrates

Invertebrates provide food for predators

Absorbs wave energy and protects shores from erosion

NERITIC ZONE

Page 14: World’s oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface OCEANS

Coral ReefsShallow tropical & subtropicalTiny invertebrates Get nourishment from symbiotic algae

Corals die and leave behind their calcium carbonate skeleton

Protect shorelines

NERITIC ZONES

Page 15: World’s oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface OCEANS

Begins at the edge of the continental shelf

Least productive ecosystem!

OPEN OCEAN

Page 16: World’s oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface OCEANS

Limited photosynthesis occursPhytoplankton are typically the base of food chains in the open ocean

Eaten by zooplanktonEaten by fish, jellyfish, whales, etcThese can be become food for predators

OPEN OCEAN

Page 17: World’s oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface OCEANS

Animals have many adaptations that allow them to live in the dark and cold parts of the ocean

OPEN OCEAN

Page 18: World’s oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface OCEANS

Rely on hydrothermal ventsBacteria use the energy from the heated water that flows from the vents

Many species feed on the bacteria and the food chain can continue

BENTHIC ECOSYSTEMS

Page 19: World’s oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface OCEANS

HYDRO-THERMALVENTS

ventstubeworms


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