WARMUP

When you come in, answer the following in your notebook in 3-5 sentences:

Who were the Progressives?Did the federal government do its job in regulating business? Or was it overstepping its boundaries?

Progressive Era Reforms

Progressives sought to permanently address many problems brought on during the Gilded Age

Regulating Businesses: Capitalism or Socialism?

To regulate means the US Government would make laws to oversee, adjust, fine

tune and correct the unfair business tactics in industry and big business. Not take over

or control it.

Does this fit any particular idea we have discussed? Does it have to?

These are the first laws to regulate industry and big

business.Congress passed Interstate

Commerce Commission (ICC).  U.S. government regulated interstate trade within the

country. End railroad corruption of

charging high prices to ship goods and Rockefeller’s illegal deals.Rebates/kickbacks/drawbacks

were illegal.

In 1890, Congress passed a law which made trusts/monopolies

illegal or any business that prevented fair

competition.

Interstate Commerce

Act(1887)

ShermanAntitrust Act

(1890)

How did the government try to regulate Big Business?

Interstate Commerce Commission (1887)-First U.S. gov’t organization to regulate the railroadsSherman Antitrust Act (1890)-First law to monitor business practices and limit the power of Big Business.

Who would enforce such laws???

Teddy Roosevelt (26th President – in office 1901-1909)

Our muckraking/progressive president

He saw the problems of the Gilded Age and sought widespread government reform!

Roosevelt Rises to the Presidency

Graduate of Harvard Loved wildlife Named Assistant Secretary of the

Navy under President McKinley. Formed Rough Riders in Spanish

American War. (Calvary Unit) Elected Governor of N.Y. Progressive beliefs Vice President under McKinley and

became President when he was assassinated

•Teddy Bear named after him.

•Square Deal=keep the wealthy from taking advantage of the poor and small business owners.

Square Deal• TR believed in the “capitalistic

system” but believed that the system must be regulated by US Govt.

• for the betterment of the “common man” as opposed to benefit the elite.

Square Deal• TR believed in the “capitalistic

system” but believed that the system must be regulated by US Govt.

• for the betterment of the “common man” as opposed to benefit the elite.

• TR believed the U.S. Government was running the country and not the rich and corrupt industrialists….

• U.S. Government involvement with “regulatory agencies”….Similar to “checks and balances”

Square Deal•Reforms of the Progressives start

with President Roosevelt….

•Areas which he wanted to reform and use the “bully pulpit” of the Presidency were the following:

• Bad Trusts vs. Good Trusts

• Take the side of labor

• Railroads

• Limiting corruption in the workplace

• Conservation

Square Deal•Reforms of the Progressives start

with President Roosevelt….

•Areas which he wanted to reform and use the “bully pulpit” of the Presidency were the following:

• Bad Trusts vs. Good Trusts

• Take the side of labor

• Railroads

• Limiting corruption in the workplace

• Conservation

Big Business

“Trust-Busting” – developed by Teddy Roosevelt Breaking up

monopolies▪ 1902 – US vs. Northern

Securities▪ Hepburn Act (1905)▪ 1910 – US vs. US Steel▪ 1911 – US vs. American

Tobacco▪ 1911 – US vs. Standard Oil

of New Jersey

Enforces Sherman Anti-Trust Act Sherman Anti-Trust

Act- banned any trust that restrained interstate trade or commerce.

Broke up many trusts including Northern Securities Company (r.r. company) and beef trusts.

Supported large corporations as long as they did business fairly (under TR’s watch.)

The Trustbuster

Coal miners strike 1902- Threatens to send in federal troops to end strike.

Federal government steps in for 1st time and helped workers in a labor dispute.

Formed Department of Commerce and Labor

Railroad Reforms to boost the Interstate Commerce

Commission.•Elkins Act

• Anti-Rebate Act or Anti- Kick Back Act

• Regulates common carriers of people and freight, UPS, Greyhound, Amtrak, etc.

•Hepburn Act• Regulates rates for

passengers and freight• Air travel cost controls• Air freight price controls

Railroads

Health & the Federal Gov.

Meat Inspection Act (1906) Required meat factories be inspected (that goes

across state lines) Animals inspected before & after slaughter Created supervision (USDA) ** Remember: Which muckraker initiated these

concerns?

Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) Allowed gov’t to fine non-compliant businesses Label ingredients Later we get the FDA (Food and Drug Administration)

ALL HAPPEN UNDER TEDDY’s ADMINISTRATION

TR’s Conservation Policy•125,000 acres in reserve

•National Reclamation Act 1902•25 water projects

•Founding of the National Park System

National Forests Conserved and preserved forests.

Gifford Pinchot- Led Division of Forestry in U.S. Department of Agriculture. Idea that forest be preserved for public

use.

John Muir-Created Yosemite National Park in 1890.

At this time they would preserve forests for logging, it later changed into public parks.

• National Reclamation Act gave birth to the Newlands Irrigation

Project.

• Free land to Homesteaders who

wanted to farm Lahontan Valley.

• Dairy farming, hay, beef and sugar beets

• Lake Lahontan and dam built in operation

by 1914

Roosevelt Changes Water Policy Water was fought over in

Southwest.

Private irrigation companies were taking over riverbeds so farmers couldn’t reclaim lost land.

National Reclamation Act 1902- Fed. Government decides where and how water could be distributed. Build and managed dams. Roosevelt and Hoover Dams on

Colorado River. Salt Valley Project in Arizona.

OTHER REFORMS

Child Labor Reform

National Child Labor CommitteeFlorence Kelly

Keating-Owens Act (1916) = outlawed child labor

But ruled unconstitutional in 1918– federal government cannot regulate INTRAstate commerce

Impact?

Reforms for the Poor

Settlement houses Community centers

providing services to the urban poor

Jane AddamsHull House Chicago, 1889

Impact?

Workers’ Reform

Bad Conditions Long hours Unsafe machinery Work related injuries/death

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

Reform: Workers’ Compensation Laws

Impact?

Fire Safety Tragedy:Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

One of the most influential events in labor history was a direct result of sweatshop conditions. The Triangle Shirt Factory Fire killed 146 workers. There were no real fire escapes and the doors opened out into the hall. The doors where blocked locking the workers in. As a result, stricter building codes and fire regulations where passed.

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

1911 New York City

Locked doors800 trapped146 people (123

were women) died

Female labor, bad working conditions, immigrant rights

Led to stricter building codes and regulations

Progressive Era Amendments

Amendment Process

Progressive Amendments

16th Amendment 1913 Progressive Tax Income based

Boss Tweed – Thomas Nast

Progressive Amendments

17th Amendment 1913 Direct Election of

Senators Goal: End

Corruption

Progressive Amendments

18th Amendment 1919/1920 Temperance

Prohibition Ban Sale and

Distribution of “intoxicating liquors”

Suffrage

Since the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848, the Women’s Rights movement went on throughout the 19th century.

Susan B. Anthony led the charge to get women the vote until 1906.

Shortly after her death, in 1920, women will achieve the right to vote in the 19th Amendment.

Progressive Amendment

19th Amendment 1920 Women’s Suffrage

(the right to vote) Key Suffragettes:

▪ Susan B. Anthony▪ Alice Paul▪ Carrie Chapman Catt

Susan B. Anthony

Suffragists

Number ofchildren isaffectingfamily lifefor women

Margaret Sanger;American BirthControl League

Familyplanning

info reacheswomen