Gillette Psych 12 – Treatment of Disorders

Treating psychological disorders poses one of the biggest problems for psychologists.

We can treat the symptoms, but according to most perspectives, we cannot _____________the disorders.

Historically - very broad array of treatments for mental disorders from super harsh --> super soft.

Movement from harsh to soft treatments, pioneered by _______________ _____________in France & Dorothea Dix in the U.S.

Fought: mental patients out of ______________________ & into mental hospitals.

Trend since 1950s:

Move patients out of the mental hospitals, back home, & treat them through medication & _________________ groups.

Treatments today 2 broad categories:

1. __________________________attacks learning-related disorders, like fears. Trained psychologist uses psych techniques to overcome the disorder. There are 4 main approaches:

★ Psychoanalysis

★ _________________________

★ Behaviorism

★ __________________________

Gillette Psych 12 – Treatment of Disorders

2. Biomedical therapies - medication Example: schizophrenia

Psychologists in the _______________________________________ perspective may try both psychotherapy & medication:

Eclectic Approach

What is prolonged exposure therapy and how can it be used to help PTSD victims?

Insight Therapies:

Involve verbal interactions intended to enhance clients’ self-_______________________ & thus promote healthful changes in personality & behavior.

2 types of psychologists may provide therapy:

_________________________ Psychologists & __________________________ Psychologists

Clinical psychologists’ training emphasizes treatment of full-fledged ___________________

In contrast, counseling psychologists’ training is slanted toward the treatment of everyday ______________________ problems.

Both types of psychologists must earn a doctoral degree (Ph.D., Psy.D., or Ed.D.).

A doctorate in psychology requires about _____________ years of training beyond a bachelor’s degree.

Gillette Psych 12 – Treatment of Disorders

Psychiatrists: physicians who specialize in the ______________________ & treatment of psychological disorders. Many psychiatrists also treat everyday behavioral problems.

However, in comparison to psychologists, psychiatrists devote more time to relatively ___________________ disorders (schizophrenia, mood disorders) and less time to everyday marital, family, job, and school problems.

Psychiatrists have an ______________. degree.

Their graduate training requires 4 years of coursework in medical school and a 4-year apprenticeship in a residency at a hospital.

Their psychotherapy training occurs during their residency, since the required coursework in medical school is essentially the same for everyone, whether they are going into surgery, pediatrics, or psychiatry.

Why are jails being considered the ‘new asylums’?

Psychotherapy is a term that describes many forms of ___________ _______________, all of which aim to explore distressing thoughts, feelings & behaviors.

FREUD’S THERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUE:

Goal = help patient uncover unconscious conflicts that give rise to ___________________

Gillette Psych 12 – Treatment of Disorders

Anxiety typically causes a person difficulty in ____________________ with everyday life.

Cause of Anxiety: Deep-Rooted in conflicts set in the ________________________

Variety of techniques:

★ Intensive 1-on-1 Therapy

★ Psychoanalysis

FREUD’S THERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUE:

Long-term commitment: Typically lasts 1 hour/day, several days/week - possibly several years. Various techniques used to get to unconscious, but set up, according to Freud, is important:

★ Therapist should sit ______________ a client in a chair

★ The client should lie in a chaise lounge so she can relax.

★ Therapist asks questions & client answers as honestly as possible.

Therapy takes so long because the techniques to get to the unconscious cannot be direct. To uncover what is in the unconscious, the therapist must use techniques that require ________________________ before the true meaning can be divined.

DREAM ANALYSIS:

Freud argued that dreams were “Royal Road to the Unconscious”

Using dream analysis, therapist could take notes on manifest content (the dream itself) & then interpret _____________ content (the hidden, underlying symbolic meaning).

By using what Freud knew about the symbolism of dreams a therapist can determine some of

the potential causes of anxiety.

TRANSFERENCE:

Gillette Psych 12 – Treatment of Disorders

Freud discovered that some of his patients developed strong feelings about him:

★ some of love

★ some of hate

But after contemplation he realized that these patients were experiencing strong emotions for their loved ones & temporarily transferring those to their therapist.

HYPNOSIS: Freud practiced hypnosis early in his career.

He believed that hypnosis would ease the grip that the repression had on the unconscious & allow some of those issues to percolate to consciousness.

He later argued, however, that it was far less __________________ than he once believed

FREE ASSOCIATION:

Freud’s preferred method of therapy.

A person says the 1st thing that comes to mind when a therapist says something.

If a person does this fast enough, according to Freud, the first thing he says can be a “_______________” into the unconscious.

By getting such a glimpse, the therapist can determine the causes of the anxiety.

COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL

Gillette Psych 12 – Treatment of Disorders

HUMANISTIC THERAPY

Client-Centered Therapy

humanistic therapy developed by ____________ _____________________

therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients’ _________________

Active Listening-empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and ________________

BEHVIOUR THERAPY

therapy that applies learning principles to the _______________________ of unwanted behaviors

Counterconditioning

procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors

based on _________________________ conditioning

includes systematic desensitization and aversive conditioning

Exposure Therapy

treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or reality) to the things they fear and avoid

HUMANISTIC

Gillette Psych 12 – Treatment of Disorders

Systematic Desensitization

type of counterconditioning

associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli

commonly used to treat ____________

Aversive Conditioning

type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior

_________________ ---> alcohol

Cognitive Therapy

teaches people new, more ________________ ways of thinking and acting

based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions

Gillette Psych 12 – Treatment of Disorders

Cognitive-_______________________ Therapy

a popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)

According to the Crash Course video – what is group or family therapy? Why might it be helpful?