ZAMYN + BUCKY F"In reality, I have not left home. My backyard has just grown bigger. Now the world is my backyard." (RBF)

"I'd like to introduce myself as the world's most successful failure" (RBF)

"Robin Hood was my hero; When not Robinhooding, I tried to behave in ways that were pleasing to my mother"

'To Einstein (and to Bucky, who knew and admired him), Universe is a continuously changing scenario, unknowable except in principle, and in localized special cases. Because of this, Bucky liked to say,' Truth is always approximate,' or 'Truth is a tendency.' Universe will always defy "thinkaboutability" to some extent. Process and direction are more important than goals."

Very strong tendency for humanity to become one people, even though there is no organized effort to bring this about.Average pedestrian, bucky estimated, covers about 1100 miles - 1770 km annually.We are on the moveBucky countered that what people usually mean by "cultural diversity" is actually recognition of quaint artifacts from past ignorance.design scientistnine chains to the moon submitted to einsteinfrank lloyd wright: "bf - you are the most sensible man in NY, truly sensitive. Nature gave you antennae..." prognosticate, Nostradamus / explorer of the archi of the universe / educator / archi, engineering, industrial designEzra Pound: "To Buckminster Fuller / friend of the universe / bringer of happiness. / liberator."

RBF:

The 20th century physicists,In defining physical UniverseAs consisting only of energy,Deliberately excluded metaphysical Universe –Because the metaphysicalConsists only of imponderables,Whereas the physical scientistsDeal only with ponderables –Wherefore their physical UniverseExcluded for instanceAll our thoughts –Because thoughts are weightless –But thoughts are experiences –Wherefore I sawThat to be adequateTo the intuitively formulatedAnd experience-founded controlsof my ever biggerQuestion and routine,My answering definitionOf UNIVERSEMust be one whichEmbraced the combined Metaphysical and physicalComponents of UNIVERSEThus my self-formulating answer emerged,And has persisted unshatteredBy any subsequent challengesFrom myself or othersAs:By Universe I mean:The aggregate of all humanity’sConsciously apprehendedAnd communicated(To self or others)Experiences.”And later I discovered thatEddington had said “Science is:The conscientious attemptto set in orderThe facts of Experience.”

Zamyn - "Founded and based in London; interdisciplinary analyses of geo-political dynamics between corporate globalisation and cultural practice in an increasingly interconnected world. Solutions for major global challenges, through a careful focus on the role of multinational corporations as agents of socio-cultural change in a global context."

OPERATING MANUAL FOR SPACESHIP EARTH, Bucky Fuller 19691. comprehensive propensities

"If you are in a shipwreck and all the boats are gone, a piano top buoyant enough to keep you afloat that comes along makes a fortuitous life preserver. But this is not to say that the best way to design a life preserver is in the form of a piano top."

Design science / Confront as many of our problems as possible, longest-distance thinking / trained US Naval Academy. Celestial navy, pilotage, ballistics

"I came to the conclusion that it is possible to make a fairly reasonable forecast of about twenty-five years."

Cost-management: short-sighted investments.

"Society operates on the theory that specialization is the key to success, not realizing that specialization precludes comprehensive thinking"

Fits with Zamyn in term of the collation of apparently clashing fields (corps, academics, artists, analysts, etc.)

"What nature needed man to be was adaptive in many if not any direction; wherefore she gave man a mind as well as a coordinating switchboard brain."

behavioural sciences - children - spontaneous and comprehensive curiosity

Being confined to the quarter of the earths (dry) surface, humanity first specialized as farmers, hunters, or soldiers. 99.9% humanity occupied only 1% of total Earth surface small isolated groups of humanity, unaware, ignorant - (most of the Earth also regulated by non-architectural data)

Crucial point of connection w/ Zamyn: the increasing globalisation/speed of technology/virtual access across the globe reversed Bucky's historical predicament, as he had predicted.

Few human beings => NAVAL development. Local, then progressively bigger scale, vessels, ships... months at sea. 'Venturers' who lived at sea. "This led them inevitably into world-around, swift, fortune-producing enterprise. Thus they became the first world men."

Heterotopia and non-locality as the true parangon of modernity - the ship metaphor could work well for Z, as not only economic at start but also most poetic (Le Bateau Ivre ("Et dès lors, je me suis baigné dans le Poème / De la Mer, infusé d'astres, et lactescent / Dévorant les azurs verts; où, flottaison blême / Et ravie, un noyé pensif parfois descend," Rimbaud, film topos etc. etc.)

Foucault, Of Other Spaces (heterotopia): Brothels and colonies are two extreme types of heterotopia, and if we think, after all, that the boat is a floating piece of space, a place without a place, that exists by itself, that is closed in on itself and at the same time is given over to the infinity of the sea and that, from port to port, from tack to tack, from brothel to brothel, it goes as far as the colonies in search of the most precious treasures they conceal in their gardens, you will understand why the boat has not only been for our civilization, from the sixteenth century until the present, the great instrument of economic development (I have not been speaking of that today), but has been simultaneously the greatest reserve of the imagination. The ship is the heterotopia par excellence. In civilizations without boats, dreams dry up, espionage takes the place of adventure, and the police take the place of pirates.

"But as they went on their sea ventures they gradually found that the waters interconnected all the world’s people and lands."Great sea venturers always thought in terms of the worldStill in 1969 exclusive and utterly obsolete sovereign separateness'national', weapons

Beyond 'nationalities' - also Homi K. Bhabha (hybridisation), Fanon (violence as transformative/self-conscious Western gaze), Hardt+Negri Empire, Jacqueline Rose, TJ Demos (Duchamp as emblematic of 'spirit of expatriation - oppositional force directed against nationalism-, identity and difference intertwined within a mutually transformative and infinite cycle), Wu Hung, theorists on exile/place/'identity' => Huge focus of Zamyn. For instance: http://www.zamyn.org/commissions/equality-as-a-race-to-the-bottom-in-a-world-after-sovereignty.html or http://www.zamyn.org/commissions/zamyns-interpretation-of-migration.html

Michael Bakhtin ‘nationalism “forces that unite and centralise verbal-ideological thought” Collective fusion through unified language - purified of differentiation, in response to modernity's alienation (Simmel's stranger, Hegel's Entfremdung/estrangment, Lukacs' transcendental homelessness, Kristeva's strangeness and depersonalization - issues often brought up by Zamyn's artists)

"Often meaningless questions "Where do you live?" "What are you?" "What religion?" "What race?" ’"What nationality?" are all thought of today as logical questions. By the twenty-first century it either will have become evident to humanity that these questions are absurd and anti-evolutionary or men will no longer be living on Earth."

‘The Chinese state has realised as a political praxis what the West has confined to aesthetic gestures: the battle cry of a radical break with the past, the utopian promise of starting over from a constantly recreated “ground zero,” the voice of social critique, the claim that social change can be intensified and accelerated by those able to sense its global direction.‘ Norman Bryson (also: for Zamyn, Health)

‘Places are networks of social relations which have over time been constructed, laid down, interacted with one another, decayed and renewed. Some of these relations will be, as it were, contained within the place; others will stretch beyond it, tying any particular locale into wide relations and processes in which other places are implicated too,’ Doreen Massey

Dis-location, de-centring of the subject both from their place (in the social and cultural world) and from their selves, loss of a 'stable sense of self' (also Zamyn's focus on PSYCHOANALYSIS+art, see Darian Leader)

=> Imagery: MAPS (will come back in RBF, World Game). the post-neo-Situationist, psychogeographical exercises, the maps of Alighiero Boetti, Guy Debord or Mona Hatoum, Ai Weiwei (Zamyn 'analysts')

Georg Simmel ‘a frontier is the spatial expression of a social demarcation.’

Zamyn-sponsored work: Mona Hatoum, Suspended

Ai Weiwei, Map of China - World Map (wood, cotton)‘Twitter is my city, my favourite city. I can talk to anybody I want to. And anybody who wants to talk to me will get my response. They know me better than their relatives or my relatives. There's so much imagination there; a lot of times it's just like poetry. You just read one sentence, and you sense this kind of breeze or a kind of look. It's amazing. @aiww

Zamyn firm believer in politics <=> art; see Ai Weiwei, Art is always political, and Tate's Nick Serota's introduction to art & global citizenship as symptomatic. REPORT on the event.

World map - entire world made out of one material (=) Empire, continuous control on the plane of immanence. Suggests that the globe is now coordinated through the consistency and containment of capital (cf 'Great Pirates'/British Empire). Equilibrium and merging hybridization (Homi K. Bahba)...

Cartography - a hybrid between virtual space and real space; "cartographic anguish" (Virilio)

Nationalism uniting difference into “identity” - culture of enforced sameness (Demos); Lacan - ‘the nationalist remains haunted by repressed anxieties of fragmentation which is projects outward’ Demos: “Expatriation” - ‘opposed the unifying and centralising tendencies of nationalism’

Nearly all of Zamyn's-sponsored publications/works of art deal with mondialisation, exile, displacement.

See: William Kentridge on Apartheid (ex.), Antony Gormley's Another Place, a hundred solid cast iron bodyforms (of himself) installed in the sea of Cuxhaven (the border, non-place of non-people (=) refugees); Isaac Julien's Sculptures for the New Millenium/Western Union, 'impact of location to resounding effect,' their theme being 'clandestines' crossing the Mediterannean sea - or spiritual displacement, lost souls in the case of Waves; rather obviously Libeskind's Jewish Museum in Berlin, The Void and the Holocaust Tower; Shirin Neshat's Soliloquy, a 'film about exilic identity' or her Patriots; Ahdaf Soueif's reporting ("people with an Arab or a Muslim Background Doing Daily Double-takes when faced with their reflection in a Western Mirror;" Elia Suleiman's The Time that Remains, a film documenting the life of 'israeli-arabs' Palestinians; Yinka Shonibare's The Wanderer (a ship <=> Bucky), a "response to the bicentenary of parliamentary abolition of slave trade, as the Wanderer was the last slave ship to import slaves from Africa to the US in '58 despite the outlawing of importation) or her Boy on Globe (again cartography, a globe); Mona Hatoum's Suspended (cartography, islands, dis-location versus connection = flux of migrant communities) or Hot Spot: all of those works attempting an 'enlightening social and cultural commentary

Arguably Shirazeh Houshiary could seem like an exception to this, with more formal/aesthetic artforms (Bloom, Stained Glass), though his 2003 sculpture tower Breath was a 'bridge between the Romanesque church and the Muslim community"Besides featuring academics such as Homi K, Habermas, Zygmunt Bauman (Living in Utopia but also 'liquid modernity'), Jacqueline Rose...

Yinka Shonibare, The Wanderer 2006

Temporal presence of the past; Libeskind's museum. All of L's work rooted in complexity and fractures, disjunction of fields and patterns (early drawings); the Museum, an object that fight against the erasing of history by using the very elements of the catastrophe/accident (versus post-modern 'faking' of ruins and fractures). Called Between the Lines, aims at a better reception and acceptation of the historical fracture. Scar between the new (the addition) and the past (as represented in the building). Libeskind is"post-adornian": the only way for the architect to bypass the philosopher's statement that no poetry can be written after Auschwitz, is to find a way to represent the un-representable, through archi. "He knew that he had to take on the presenting of unpresentability, the presencing of nonbeing, as the problem's only solution, as the building's only possible program. [...] the Jewish Museum would not only be a solution to the problem of making architecture after Auschwitz, it would

inspire an after-Aftermath kind of art." (Terry Smith). Anthony Vidler: the Museum creates "bodily and mental crisis, with any trite classical homologies between the body and the building upset by unstable axes, walls and skins torn, ripped and dangerously slashed, rooms empty of content and uncertain or no exits and entrances. When seemingly endless staircases lead to nowhere, to the blank walls around from which one turns to see that towering over one's path are collapsing supports, rubble, further voids and splits of light, who needs to walk through a mock-up concentration camp?" No need to double the message. "Third, that only through the acknowledgement and incorporation of this erasure and void of Jewish life in Berlin, can the history of Berlin and Europe have a human future." (Libeskind),

2. origins of specialization

average human pre-20c on average seen one millionth surface of their spherical Earth.specialized, LOCALLY-focused viewpointnot surprisingly, humanity thought the world was flat, circularly outward to infinity

"In our schools today we still start off the education of our children by giving them planes and lines that go on, incomprehensibly "forever" toward a meaningless infinity. Such oversimplified viewpoints are misleading, blinding, and debilitating, because they preclude possible discovery of the significance of our integrated experiences. (Superstudio planes => evolvement of RBF into anti-utopia, counter-utopia, architects without architecture)

Great Pirates (G.P.s) = allegorical fig. of Bucky's tale, world history rooted in naval history

"So the world men who lived on the seas were inherently outlaws, and the only laws that could and did rule them were the natural laws-the physical laws of universe which when tempestuous were often cruelly devastating."

Unbeknownst to historians - perish without trace. "Those who stayed on the top of the waters and prospered did so because of their comprehensive capability. That is they were the antithesis of specialists. They had high proficiency in dealing with celestial navigation, the storms, the sea, the men, the ship, economics, biology, geography, history, and science."

(Vitruvius p. 5); Albertian, humanist idea of education, neo-Platonicism, Leonardo: (Alberti) "I would like the painter to be as well-versed as possible in all the liberal arts, but first I want him to know geometry ... Next, [the painter] should learn to enjoy poets and orators, for they have many adornments in common with the painter." See Bucky as teacher himself, 4-5hs lectures ('rants'), reverred by the counter-culture because he 'practiced what he preached.'

"Leonardo da Vinci is the outstanding example of the comprehensively anticipatory design scientist. Operating under the patronage of the Duke of Milan he designed the fortified defenses weaponry as well as the tools of peaceful production. Many other great military powers had their comprehensive design scientist-artist inventors; Michelangelo was one of them."

Fundamental quote as it ties into Bucky's humanistico-military stance (himself having worked for the navy and borrowing from strategico-bellic structures/devices for his designs and predictions)

Invention of the 0 in math=more powerful ships; hence GPs "took their Leonardos and Merlins to sea" sea-dwellings Leonardos became Captains... "This Leonardo-type planning inaugurated today’s large-scale, world-around industrialization’s vast scale of thinking. When the Great Pirates came to building steel steamships and blast furnaces and railroad tracks to handle the logistics, the Leonardos appeared momentarily again in such men as Telford who built the railroads, tunnels, and bridges of England, as well as the first great steamship."

GPs picked the local strong man ('stooge-king'). The more massively bejewelled the king's gold crown, and the more visible his court and castle, the less visible was his pirate master. GPs the only ones who mind everybody's business (bigger scale => UNIVERSE) => supra-structure (like Zamyn, 'above' and bridging)

Allegorical discourse; of course post-colonial and ironic too.

Beginning of royal tutorial schools (heterotopia, parallel with military hospitals, Greenwich, Les Invalides...) / beginning of intellectual specializationspecialization only a fancy form of slavery. King's WIDE scope of training. But big thinking of spherical Earth/celestial navigation retained exclusively by the Great Pirates. vs flat world with empire and kingdom circumscribed knowledge.

Ideas of competition and control, overarching hierarchy with the (hidden powers) of the GPs on topLateral history of minds as real power. Beyond kingdom and empire (incl. capitalism)

3. comprehensively commanded automation

"Then there came a time, which was World War I, when the most powerful out-pirates challenged the in-pirates with the scientific and technological innovation of an entirely new geometry of thinking. The out-pirates attack went under and above the sea surface and into the invisible realm of electronics and chemical war faring. Thus, in saving themselves, the Great Pirates allowed the scientists to plunge their grand, industrial logistics, support strategy into the vast ranges of the electro-magnetic spectrum that were utterly invisible to the pirates."

Before, Pirate could rule through extra keen senses, own judges, Saint Thomases (wouldn't trust anyone else's eyes)

"Technology was going from wire to wireless, from track to trackless, from pipe to pipeless, and from visible structural muscle to the invisible chemical element strengths of metallic alloys and electro-magnetics."

Meaning: second-hand info => GPs no longer the masters, the end, extinction of GPs.

Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt suggest that the highest level of complexity of the cultural is selectively controlled by the results of globalization, which have formed Empire. Empire is like a global machine with no nation or individual at its head and has growing control over all other levels of organization from the physical to the cultural. => without GPs, like Bucky posits

"And because the public had never known of them and had been fooled into thinking of their kingly stooges and local politicians as being in reality the head men, society was and is as yet unaware either that the Great Pirates once ran the world or that they are now utterly extinct."

Once again symptomatic of de-emphasis on politics/locality (which is in a way the opposite of Zamyn's geo-political stance).

"Though the pirates are extinct, all of our international trade balancing and money ratings, as well as all economic accounting, in both the capitalistic and communistic countries, hold strictly to the rules, value systems, terminology, and concepts established by those Great Pirates."intelligentsia of the GPs transferred to trade/economics => corporations => corporations as culture (Zamyns take). Reverse means that the intellectual (pre)history of the economic system lies in the GPs 'humanistic' naval-knowledge - Zamyn: "Economic activity and corporate behaviour are both integral to and influenced by cultural processes" (debatable) multilateral communications

"A new, physically uncompromised, metaphysical initiative of unbiased integrity could unify the world. It could and probably will be provided by the utterly impersonal problem solutions of the computers."

"Abraham Lincoln’s concept of "right triumphing over might" was realized when Einstein as metaphysical intellect wrote the equation of physical universe E = Mc2 and thus comprehended it. Thus the metaphysical took the measure of, and mastered, the physical."

"This is the essence of human evolution upon Spaceship Earth. If the present planting of humanity upon Spaceship Earth cannot comprehend this inexorable process and discipline itself to serve exclusively that function of metaphysical mastering of the physical it will be discontinued, and its potential mission in universe will be carried on by the metaphysically endowed capabilities of other beings on other spaceship planets of universe."

"The Great Pirates did run the world. They were the first and last to do so. They were world men, and they ran the world with ruthless and brilliant pragmatism based on the mis-seemingly "fundamental" information of their scientifically specialized servants. First came their Royal Society scientific servants, with their "Great" Second Law of thermodynamics, whose "entropy" showed that every energy machine kept losing energy and eventually "ran down." In their pre-speed-of-light-measurement misconceptioning of an omnisimultaneous-instant universe" that universe, as an energy machine was thought, also to be "running down." And thus the energy wealth and life support were erroneously thought to be in continuous depletion-orginating the misconception of "spending."

=> entropy and thermodynamics less relevant to Zamyn's brief, though arguably entropy a big focus of its artists; and Bucky's economical take on entropy (see below) could be paralleled with Zamyn's 'humanitarian' concerns.

GPs biological specialist servant: Charles DarwinNot enough to go around for even 1% of the people: entropy

"Then we have the great pragmatic ideologist Marx running into that entropic-Malthusian-Darwinian information" => All the ideologies range somewhere between the Great Pirates and the Marxists

Again: Extinction as a result of over-specialization

WWII dispose unsupportable excess, through decimation and starvation. "Thus by 1946, we were on the swift way to extinction despite the inauguration of the United Nations, to which none of the exclusive sovereign prerogatives were surrendered. Suddenly, all unrecognized as such by society, the evolutionary antibody to the extinction of humanity through specialization appeared in the form of the computer and its comprehensively commanded automation which made man obsolete as a physical production and control specialist-and just in time."

"Man is going to be displaced altogether as a specialist by the computer. Man himself is being forced to reestablish, employ, and enjoy his innate "comprehensivlty."

"AUTOMATION DISPLACE THE AUTOMATONS"

all the automation part obviously less relevant to Zamyn (except for currency/invisibility/'transparency')

By WWII, new professional designations, fundamental merge of biology and chemistry (opposite of specialization) - towards interdisciplinary again, naval-model of knowledge, which Zamyn embodies with its trans-cultural, global stance (in fact the ship could be the perfect metonymy/metaphor/symbol/allegory for the Foundation).

So, as of World War II, the scientists began to invent new professional designations: the bio-chemist, the bio-physicist, and so forth. "I’ve often heard people say, ’I wonder what it would be like to be on board a spaceship," and the answer is very simple. What does it feel like? That’s all we have ever experienced. We are all astronauts." perhaps tone down hippie/counter-cultural/sci-fi 60s undertone

I’m sure that you don’t really sense yourself to be aboard a fantastically real spaceship our spherical Spaceship Earth... Virilio, speed of technology (though without Virilio's pessimism and catastrophe-theory)

4. spaceship earth

"Spaceship Earth was so extraordinarily well invented and designed that to our knowledge humans have been on board of it for two million years not even knowing that they were on board of a ship. And our spaceship is so superbly designed as to be able to keep life regenerating on board despite the phenomenon, entropy, by which all local physical systems lose energy."

"That we are endowed with such intuitive and intellectual capabilities as that of discovering the genes and the R.N.A. and D.N.A. and other fundamental principles governing the fundamental design controls of life systems as well as of nuclear energy and chemical structuring is part of the extraordinary design of the Spaceship Earth, its equipment, passengers, and internal support systems."

No instruction book - His intellect had to discover itself.

Possibly it was this intellectual augmentation of humanity’s survival and success through the metaphysical perception of generalized principles, which may be objectively employed that Christ was trying to teach in the obscurely told story of the loaves and the fishes.

multiplying fishes and bread as mechanistic, intellectual fact versus spiritual/religious. the idea of 'design' still remaining meta-religious, somewhat similar to Theism and Enlightenment theses, only with an Astronaut/Ship at its helm (vs Clockmaker). Spaceship as the natural evolution of the ship given the bigger scale Bucky tackles, i.e. universe. Even more of a heterotopian vessel.

His designs, always vessels anyhow

=> multiplying megastructures, pillowdomes, up to 300ft (Biosphère, Montreal; New Alchemy Institute); multiplying housing (Dymaxion House, !!! could increase urban sprawl). Dymaxion: (Lorance) "Fuller wanted to manufacture the house and sell it as a complete unit with wiring, plumbing, environmental controls, and appliances. rejected reliance on stylistic criteria, especially historic styles, unlike established manufacturers; DH reflects his understanding of both International Style design criteria and methods of industrial production." machine processes rather than aestheticsonly tradition to which Fuller conformed - providing shelter and comfort (Bachelardian 'house'/'home,' even in Triton City)

5. general systems theory

meager muscles of men (vs other more 'specialised animals etc)

"The architects and planners, particularly the planners, though rated as specialists, have a little wider focus than do the other professions." wider focus => Zamyn's. Zamyn could be seen as a general systems theory Development of general systems theory: "If we are to be effective, we are going to have to think in both the biggest and most minutely-incisive ways permitted by intellect and by the information thus far won through experience."

Fundamental idea of two scales, micro and macro (obviously linked to scientific discoveries on both, atomization etc.) - link to Z its analytical, in-depth knowledge basis with its utterly ambitious interdisciplinary stance

"Can we think of, and state adequately and incisively, what we mean by universe? For universe is, inferentially, the biggest system."

With Einstein, successful definition of physical universe but not of metaphysical universe. Holding to the scientists’ experiences as all important, I define universe, including both the physical and metaphysical, as follows: The universe is the aggregate of all of humanity’s consciously-apprehended and communicated experience with the nonsimultaneous, nonidentical, and only partially overlapping, always complementary, weighable and unweighable, ever omni-transforming, event sequences."

An aggregate of finites is finite. Therefore, universe as experientially defined, including both the physical and metaphysical, is finite. (? the limits in mathematics? wouldn't they indicate the opposite?)

"A system subdivides universe into all the universe outside the system (macrocosm) and all the rest of the universe which is inside the system (microcosm) with the exception of the minor fraction of universe which constitutes the system itself." "Einstein and Reiman, the Hindu mathematician, gave the name geodesic lines to these curvilinear and most economical lines of interrelationship between two independently moving events" the events in this case being the two airplanes."

A great circle is a line formed on a sphere’s surface by a plane going through the sphere’s centre. Lesser circles are formed on the surfaces of spheres by planes cutting through spheres but not passing through the sphere’s centre. When a lesser circle is superimposed on a great circle it cuts across the latter at two points, A and B. It is a shorter distance between A and B on the great circle’s shortest arc than it is on the lesser circle’s shortest arc. Great circles are geodesic lines because they provide the most economical (energy, effort) distances between any two points on a spherical system’s surface; therefore, nature, which always employs only the most economical realizations, must use those great circles which, unlike spiral lines, always return upon themselves in the most economical manner. All the system’s paths must be topologically and circularly interrelated for conceptually definitive, locally transformable, polyhedronal understanding to be attained in our spontaneous-ergo, most economical- geodesically structured thoughts.

Hence artic city, pillow domes and geodesic domes (though already in nuce in DymaxionH).

"geodesic dome, a hemispherical self-supporting structure built of interlocking teatrahedra made from mass-produced parts. Fuller saw the tetrahedron as the basic shape of the universe - new type of geometry, SYNERGETICS, based on the 60 degree angle vs 90-degree angle (Loretta Lorance, Becoming Bucky Fuller)"

Since synergy is the only word in our language meaning behaviour of wholes unpredicted by behaviour of their parts, ( quite easily paralleled in Zamyn's practice), it is clear that society does not think there are behaviors of whole systems unpredicted by their separate parts. This means that society’s formally-accredited thoughts and ways of accrediting others are grossly inadequate in comprehending the nonconceptual qualities of the scenario "universal evolution."

"There is nothing about an electron alone that forecasts the proton, nor is there anything about the Earth or the Moon that forecasts the co-

existence of the Sun. The solar system is synergetic-unpredicted by its separate parts."

Zamyn: TRANSPARENCY of the relation between culture and corporation (usually hidden), hence 'The Other Perspective.' Synergy of apparently clashing/paradoxical juxtaposition (SOAS-Shell), on the other end also synergy of utterly compatible worlds (LSE-TATE). 'Transparency' focus of their next LONDON GLOBAL FORUM 2015: Transparency, privacy & trust: seeing through the age of transparency.

"What are the implications of a surge towards policies of increased transparency for multinational corporations' role in global governance, and for corporate identity in an interconnected world? How can greater transparency in the city of London as a global economic and financial hub, overturn old 'centre-periphery' narratives and dynamics for the contemporary globalised world?"Beyond the G8. "Management of pluralism;" "culture as driver of debate" Zamyn against CENTRE AND PERIPHERY, eco-cultural divisions

See also Zamyn's annual high-profile public event ("encounter",) with one leading individual from the business world and another from the artistic/literary/cultural/academical/political or development - "meeting of minds and synthesising of perspectives" (<=> synergy)

Partners: Africa Progress Panel (chaired by Kofi Hannan), Global Witness, LSE, Soas, Tate, Accenture, Barclays, Shell

Analytical circle of Zamyn's

Z works at intersection of corporations, economic, political and cultural theory, social anthropology (!), psychoanalysis (!) and the arts to provide new and powerful insights into the multilateral flows of influence btw multinational corporations and the socio-cultural and geo-pol contexts in which they exist. 'uniquely thorough and comprehensive research, 360 degree expert perspective (TETRAHEDRON?), sociology, critical theory => reports.

Corporations as Culture

To thrive a corporation needs to provide the goods and services which a society needs or wants. For Adam Smith’s archetypal baker embedded in a small community, this is relatively simple; for a global corporation interfacing with multiple cultures which both evolve and often overlap, the  challenge is complex. By bringing together the corporate and cultural world Zamyn deepens the understanding of both, illuminating the flow and counter flow of influences involved in the process of globalisation. This can lead not just to greater mutual understanding, but to cooperation and positive impacts. Sir Mark Moody-Stuart, Chairman of the Global Compact Foundation and Zamyn.

Multinational corporations are major drivers of social change: People are more interdependent with corporations and their products and services than ever

before. New communication tools have made this interdependency more widespread during a time, which sees a progressive weakening of the role of nation-states. Openly positioning corporations at the forefront of negotiations and policy is essential. So too is the role of culture in global and corporate governance. Traditional avenues such as politics or economics alone do not provide or reflect a complete understanding of globalisation. Culture, which encompasses political and economic language and behaviour amongst many other practices and ideas, should be seen as a common, if nuanced, ground for economic and political decision-making. Cultural literacy can enhance trust and is often more dynamic in its impact than siloed political or economic strategies.

Zamyn’s work focuses on the inherent interplay between corporations and culture  - corporations as culture - in a global context and provides insights and communication channels which foreground the importance of this interplay in innovative approaches to global governance. The inevitably vital governance role played by MNCs is a major aspect of each corporation’s brand and identity: The Corporation’s political leverage and cultural leverage -its philosophies, messages, practices and products which profoundly shape and reflect an ever shifting set of global contemporary cultures and societies across borders- must be viewed as fundamentally interwoven. Zamyn has worked with leading western corporations, including: Accenture , Barclays , and Shell International .

In a digital world with changing power shifts, business corporations need to look for new ways of engaging influential stakeholder communities. Zamyn provides a special opportunity for testing, challenging and debating how business adds value in a more transparent and consumer-empowered world. Mark Spelman, Managing Director, Accenture

6. synergy

RBF procedes from the biggest system (universe) towards the smaller, opposite of, say, the literary approach of Georges Pérec in Espèces d'Espaces, going from the room to the universe

universe as master containment

"Thus we may, by due process, suddenly and excitingly discover why we are here alive in universe and identify ourselves as presently operating here, aboard our spaceship, and situated aboard its spherical deck at, for example, Washington, D. C., on the North American continent, thinking effectively regarding the relevant contemporary and local experiences germane to the solution of humanity’s successful and happy survival aboard our planet. We may thus discover not only what needs to be done in a fundamental way but also we may discover how it may be accomplished by our own directly-seized initiative, undertaken and sustained without any further authority than that of our function in universe, where the most ideal is the most realistically practical." Pollution of air, water, information stored in our brains: Planet Poluto.ECOLOGISM

"Thus under lethal emergencies vast new magnitudes of wealth come mysteriously into effective operation. We don’t seem to be able to afford to do peacefully the logical things we say we ought to be doing to forestall warring-by producing enough to satisfy all the world needs." => military model

"The gold supply is so negligible as to make it pure voodoo to attempt to valve the world’s economic evolution traffic through the gold-sized needle’s "eye.""Parable of the rich man on a shipwreck, catasrophied billionaire, wealth of no use... only exchange (Kopytoff, anthropology)

"Wealth is our organized capability to cope effectively with the environment in sustaining our healthy regeneration and decreasing both the physical and metaphysical restrictions of the forward days of our lives."

cybernetics+synergetics (du tout a la partie, opposite of metonymy SYNECDOCHE)

Stating first that physical universe is all energy and symbolizing energy by E, Einstein formulated his famous equation E = M (matter’s mass, explained in the terms of C2‹speed of an omni-directional [radiant] surface wave’s expansion, unfettered, in a vacuum). Physicists also have discovered experimentally that energy can neither be exhausted nor originated. Energy is finite and infinitely conserved.

UNIVERSE IS NOT SIMULTANEOUSDiscovery of the lever (Vitruvius, archetypal myths, wheel etc)

What we now have demonstrated metaphysically is that every time man makes a new experiment he always learns more. He cannot learn less. He may learn that what he thought was true was not true.

"Wealth is anti-entropy at a most exquisite degree of concentration."

CONFUSION OF WEALTH AS MATTER

As consequence of true wealth (synergistic MULTIPLICATION), in this century alone from less than 1% of humanity able to survive, to 44% standard of living unexpected or undreamed of before; unpredicted synergistic success; the synergetic aspect of industry’s doing ever more work with ever less investment of time and energy per each unit of performance of each and every function of the weapons carriers of the sea, air, and outer space has never been formally accounted as a capital gain of land-situated society.

Thomas Pynchon's parody/homage to Bucky in Inherent ViceZOMES=zonahedral domes "portals to some place else, especially in the desert""The ZOMES ahead, like backdrop art in old sci-fi movies (Cloud 9!), never seemed to come any closer. It was like feeling your way through dangerous terrain at night... more like an abandoned construction site."

"Kind of a switch on Bucky Fuller - instead of fewer dollars per cubic foot, this is more cubic foot per dollar."

"Our wealth is inherently common wealth and our common wealth can only increase, and it is increasing at a constantly self-accelerating synergetic rate."

"However, we inadvertently dip into our real, unaccountedly fabulous wealth in a very meager way only when our political leaders become scared enough by the challenge of an impressively threatening enemy. Then only do socialism and capitalism alike find that they have to afford whatever they need."

World (Peace) Game <=> Game of war. WG inventory of world resources, ANTIDOTE to war games - help create solutions to overpopulation and

uneven distribution of global resources. Prelude to smart cities and super-communication. Global data, maps, encyclopedia of world problems... World Game institute now has one of the largest world resource data banks in existence (maybe the largest). About 1000 entries for every country. Second only to synergetics to Bucky"Captain of spaceship earth:" without politics, designers at the helm air-ocean world map - obviously not the way for Zamyn parallel

7. integral functions

First US census of population, 1790 - 1 million fam / 1 million slaves, but X each fam-slaves

"Had any of our forefathers committed our wealth of 1810 towards bouncing radar impulses off the Moon he would have been placed in a lunatic asylum."

Nostradamus curse => assume Zamyn's reports, also some sort of forecast (?)

"But we can scientifically assume that by the twenty-first century either humanity will not be living aboard Spaceship Earth or, if approximately our present numbers as yet remain aboard, that humanity then will have recognized and organized itself to realize effectively the fact that humanity can afford to do anything it needs and wishes to do and that it cannot afford anything else."

"Clearly, man will have backed into his future while evolution, operating as inexorably as fertilized ovaries gestate in the womb, will have brought about his success in ways as synergetically unforeseeable to us today as were the ten-trillion-dollar developments of the last 50 years unforeseen by our wisest great-grandfathers of 1810."

"It is utterly clear to me that the highest priority need of world society at the present moment is a realistic economic accounting system which will rectify, for instance, such nonsense as the fact that a top toolmaker in India, the highest paid of all craftsmen, gets only as much per month for his work in India as he could earn per day for the same work if he were employed in Detroit, Michigan."Leftist, social levelling, could be tied into Zamyn's attempt at a multi-political-party discourse (?)

"One of the myths of the moment suggests that wealth comes from individual bankers and capitalists. This concept is manifest in the myriad of charities that have to beg for alms for the poor, disabled, and helpless young and old in general. These charities are a hold-over from the old pirate days, when it was thought that there would never be enough to go around. They also are necessitated by our working assumption that we cannot afford to take care of all the helpless ones. Counselled by our bankers, our politicians say we can’t afford the warring and the great society, too. And because of the mythical concept that the wealth, which is disbursed, is coming from some magically-secret private source, no free and healthy individual wants that "hand out" from the other man, whoever he may be. Nor does the individual wish to be on the publicly degrading "dole" line."

Through all pre-twentieth century history wars were devastating to both winners and losers. The pre-industrial wars took the men from the

fields, and the fields where the exclusively agricultural-wealth germinated, were devastated. It came as a complete surprise, therefore, that the first World War, which was the first full-fledged industrial-era war, ended with the United States in particular but Germany, England, France, Belgium, Italy, Japan, and Russia in lesser degree all coming out of the war with much greater industrial production capabilities than those with which they had entered. That wealth was soon misguidedly invested in the Second World War, from which all the industrial countries emerged with even greater wealth producing capabilities, despite the superficial knockdown of the already obsolete buildings. It was irrefutably proven that the destruction of the buildings by bombing, shellfire, and flames left the machinery almost unharmed. The productive tooling capabilities multiplied unchecked, as did their value.

Emphasis on RBF's positivistic view of the military systems;

WWII ... It was thus that the world war losers such as Germany and Japan became overnight the postwar industrial winners.

paradox of war and loss as generator of wealth/power

What the world wants and how to pay for it using military expenditures: global issue, combined total approx. 30% of worlds total annual military expenditures

"The computer is an imitation human brain. There is nothing new about it, but its capacity, speed of operation, and tirelessness, as well as its ability to operate under environmental conditions intolerable to the human anatomy, make it far

more effective in performing special tasks than is the skull and tissue encased human brain, minus the computer."

8. the regenerative landscape

"All of humanity’s tool extensions are divisible into two main groups: the craft and the industrial tools. I define the craft tools as all those tools, which could be invented by one man starting all alone, naked in the wilderness, using only his own experience and his own integral facilities. Under these isolated conditions he could and did invent spears, slings, bows, and arrows, etc. By industrial tools I mean all the tools that cannot be produced by one man, as for instance the S.S. Queen Mary."

Back to the linguistic field/woven metaphor of the ship and the naval system

"As we study industrialization, we see that we cannot have mass production unless we have mass consumption. Our labor world and all salaried workers, including school teachers and college professors, are now, at least subconsciously if not consciously, afraid that automation will take away their jobs. They are afraid they won’t be able to do what is called "earning a living," which is short for earning the right to live. This term implies that normally we are supposed to die prematurely and that it is abnormal to be able to earn a living. It is paradoxical that only the abnormal or exceptional are entitled to prosper. Yesterday the term even inferred that success was so very abnormal that only divinely ordained kings and nobles were entitled to eat fairly regularly."

"To take advantage of the fabulous magnitudes of real wealth waiting to be employed intelligently by humans and unblock automation’s postponement by organized labor we must give each human who is or becomes unemployed a life fellowship in research and development or in just simple thinking."

"We soon will begin to generate wealth so rapidly that we can do very great things. I would like you to think what this may do realistically for living without spoiling the landscape, or the antiquities or the trails of humanity throughout the ages, or despoiling the integrity of romance, vision, and harmonic creativity. All the great office buildings will be emptied of earned living workers, and the automated office-processing of information will be centralized in the basements of a few buildings. This will permit all the modernly mechanized office buildings to be used as dwelling facilities."

Utopian computer/robotic-age vision

"We have thus discovered also that we can make all of humanity successful through science’s world-engulfing industrial evolution provided that we are not so foolish as to continue to exhaust in a split second of astronomical history the orderly energy savings of billions of years’ energy conservation aboard our Spaceship Earth."

"We have discovered that we have the inherent capability and inferentially the responsibility of making humanity comprehensively and sustainably successful."

"Now both east and westbound era sets are crossbreeding with one another in ever- accelerating degree on America’s continental middle ground. This omni-reintegration of world man from all the diverse hybrids is producing a crossbred people on the Pacific Coast of North America. Here with its aerospace and oceans penetrating capabilities, a world type of humanity is taking the springboard into all of the hitherto hostile environments of universe into the ocean depths and into the sky and all around the Earth."globalisation, globality vs locality, notions of exile and nationality becoming increasingly absurd; virtual borders; international organisations...

Doris Salcedo Unilever Series at Tate (Zamyn-commissioned) / Archizoom (Bologna)exile, again huge iconographic/thematic focus of Zamyn artists and academics (transfer from place to non-place; nostalgia, Adorno, Fanon, colonies, violence; see Zamyn's interview with Moustapha Safouan, author of 'Why are the Arabs not free?') . Dictionary: “The state of being barred from one’s native country, typically for political or punitive reasons”. For Said exile “is the un-healable rift forced between a human being and a native place, between the self and its true home: its essential sadness can never be surmounted.” Also: ‘Seeing the “entire world as a foreign land” makes possible the originality of vision. Most people are principally aware of one culture, one setting, one home; exiles are aware of at least two, and this plurality of vision gives rise to an awareness of simultaneous dimensions, an awareness that - to borrow a phrase from music - is contrapuntal.’ COMPLEXITY (Edgar Morin, Gödel's knot...); post-colonial power, global empire - "insight does not become stronger or even clearer through reduction and simplification and that recognising complexity is the foundation for building powerful, sustainable and credible strategies in any form of leadership" (Zamyn website). Also Wu Hung's focus (Zamyn commission, Three Gorges Project and Ai Weiwei's Sunflowers)

"Migrate like birds," cloud9"In such disintegration of structure and community, earth is percieved as a place where man can not live without protection anymore. All those beings who escaped a cataclysm (or unemployment, would Ron Herron say) do not have any other choice than become Nomads to find less hostile land."

"I have owned successively, since boyhood, fifty-four automobiles. I will never own another. I have not given up driving. I began to leave my cars at airports-never or only infrequently getting back to them. My new pattern requires renting new cars at the airports as needed. Why accumulate mementos of far away places when you are much more frequently in those places than at your yesterday’s home, nation, state, city, and street identified residences, as required for passport, taxing, and voting functions?"

Non-places, Marc Augé, Italo Calvino (Trude)/urban sprawl, deterritorializationRBF's focus on the ease of communication/CIRCULATION rather than the gloomier perspectives of Calvino/Augé/Superstudio/Archizoom etc. etc.

Augé:“The traveller's space may thus be the archetype of non-place [...]

Movement adds the particular experience of a form of solitude. [...] [Non-spaces are] spaces in which neither identity, nor relations, nor history really make any sense; spaces in which solitude is experienced as an overburdening or emptying of individuality, in which only the movement of the fleeting images enables the observer to hypothesize the existence of a past and glimpse the possibility of a

future.” “Non-place is the others' space without the others in it [...]” and “The space of non-place creates neither singular identity nor relations; only solitude, and similitude.”

Calvino:

"If on arriving at Trude I had not read the city’s name written in big letters, I would have thought I was landing at the same airport from which I had taken off. The suburbs they drove me through were no different from the others, with the same greenish and yellowish houses. Following the same signs we swung around the same flower beds in the same squares. The downtown streets displayed goods, packages, signs that had not changed at all. This was the first time I had come to Trude, but I already knew the hotel where I happened to be lodged; I had already heard and spoken my dialogues with the

buyers and sellers of hardware; I had ended other days identically, looking through the same goblets at the same swaying navels. Why come to Trude? I asked myself. And I already wanted to leave. "You can resume your flight whenever you like," they said to me, "but you will arrive at another Trude, absolutely the same, detail by detail. The world is covered by a sole Trude which does not begin and does not end. Only the name of the airport changes."

For a multi-faceted (i.e. modern) identity, the threshold (+virtual, interchange), as unreal as it seems, might be the only real home, that which contains the others, the non-place that includes all the places. Airport as metonymy, dematerialized space, symbolic of Koohlaas's "generic city."Anthropisation of nature by aerial vision in the 20c => complicity man-machine.MOBILITY of inhabitants and of their structure; NAVIGABLE habitat. Hypermodern spatialities (and trans-national dimension of the urban)Further, AIR as material (in RBF's work, but also Yona Friedman, Superstudio, Coop Himmelblau, Ant Farm, Archigram, Tomas Saraceno etc. etc.).

Coop Himmelblau: "Our architecture has no physical ground plane, but a psychic plane. Walls no longer exist. our spaces are pulsating balloons. Our heartbeat becomes space, our face the facade."

Jean Baudrillard: "Space has become a spatial metaphor, or a pure paradox."-or Libeskind's drawings, emblematic of our postmodern, virtual-ridden space.

Why not completely restore the great cities and buildings of antiquity and send back to them all their fragmented treasures now deployed in the world’s museums? Thus, may whole areas be reinhabited and experienced by an ever increasingly interested, well-informed, and inspired humanity. Thus, may all the world regain or retain its regenerative metaphysical mysteries."

Conservation/restoration - the geodesic dome over Manhattan; freezing time and history

Big geodesic dome above half of Manhattan, 1962: in order to economise energy - and to protect architecture, invention all in protection. Switch from progressive utopia to conservation. Climatisation, 'conditioning' of social life that authorises all activities and creation of atmospheres. Constant: "Climatisation restitutes the conditions of a free terrain, the playground of the homo ludens," vs the obstacles of the built preventing the accord between society and its environment (Yona Friedman). See New Babylon's planetary scale, infinite interior space climatised and enclosed

no longer any normal winter summer night day wears three watches <=> global, dis-placed (daily) temporality

now see it (earth) realistically as a sphere, hence spaceship (with collapse of space/time into virtual-transportation) nature has no 'weeks' (no more formal, artificial time)All our beds around the world are empty for two-thirds of the time. Our living rooms are empty seven-eighths of the time.population explosion is a myth. industrialize, down annual birth rate

"It is also to be remembered that despite the fact that you are accustomed to thinking only in dots and lines and a little bit in areas does not defeat the fact that we live in omnidirectional space-time

and that a four dimensional universe provides ample individual freedoms for any contingencies.""It always takes a minimum of four equi-intervalled, identical, repeat-experiences to discover time dimensioning." (Linus Pauling)

conclusion

also H. Hollein's supracommunicational utopia (extension of Vienna uni, 1967, to plug the building to a television post)

"You may very appropriately want to ask me how we are going to resolve the ever- acceleratingly dangerous impasse of world-opposed politicians and ideological dogmas. I answer, it will be resolved by the computer. Man has ever-increasing confidence in the computer; witness his unconcerned landings as airtransport passengers coming in for a landing in the combined invisibility of fog and night. While no politician or political system can ever afford to yield understandably and enthusiastically to their adversaries and opposers, all politicians can and will yield enthusiastically to the computers safe flight-controlling capabilities in bringing all of humanity in for a happy landing. So, planners, architects, and engineers take the initiative. Go to work, and above all co-operate and don’t hold back on one another or try to gain at the expense of another. Any success in such lopsidedness will be increasingly short-lived. These are the synergetic rules that evolution is employing and trying to make clear to us. They are not man-made laws. They are the infinitely accommodative laws of the intellectual integrity governing universe.

See Zamyn publication: D. Held and H. L. Moore, 2008, Cultural Politics in a Global Age Uncertainty, Solidarity and Innovation STAR BORROW ...

Further Spontaneous Associations with RBF's text+work

-L'Isola delle Rose, micro-nation: floating republic/island (Italy, 60s - contemporary of RBFs) (demolished soon after)

-Dazzle ships

RBF's Triton City, inhabitable heterotopia (paradox); almost Isola+dazzle ships=Triton

Paradoxically aesthetic result of military problem (camouflaging war ships). Linking it closely to the environment in an aesthetic vs ecological sense.

-Frei Otto

Frei Otto inscribes climatic control at big scale in his program of an artificial re-creation of the natural environment. Going beyond the stage of climatic envelopes that he developed first, he imagines to change the properties of air: "the day will come when we will not need construction materials," 'air architecture' (naked body, Dymaxion, Constant... liberation from constraints. "The passage from architectural space to surface... peak in supersurface (Superstudio), a flat and reflexive surface which develops continuously on the terrain (a total ground, ...) Branchement universel. Vs principle of global environmental envelope - the city under a dome - or individual - the portable environment. Environment control through

energy, dams, canals, ... all infrastructures disappear ('the invisible dome'). Human body conditioned to branch-on-the-architecture.

=> closer to sci-fi utopia/dystopia (Dark City...), paradoxically flat side of half-globe reverses back to Colombo

-Pierluigi Nervi's equally slender engineering solutions

=> the organic grid, closer to the Baroque curve and Deleuzian folds as well as to Bucky's triangles+tetrahedra vs square+cube

- the Globe/half-sphere as scientifico-humanistic symbol par excellence (=) Boullée

-the Globe (=) the fair Perisphere (idea of global fair, Zamyn global art etc., w/out imperialistic fair tinge)

--> planetarium, Stephen Hawking, back to RBF's universe

--> Pichler's intensivbox 1967

+pichler grosser raum 1966

--> floating globes

"The technique of the inflatable translates with maximal expression the expansion (of air, inflated plastic) as a liberation, an exteriorisation of the self, of senses, enclosed organs."

Black Mountain College, Cage, Cunningham, FULLER (as Baron Medusa): 1949 performance on Erik Satie's "The Ruse of Medusa;" again, creeping, the sea/nautical theme in the allegory of Bucky as Sea Aristocrat. Also, Hollein & Fuller joining Oldenburg, Cage, Hamilton, Beuys, Oppenheim, Ben, Dippets, Heizer, Vostell, Higgins in performances/happenings...

also emblematic of parallels between archi/theatre avant-gardes and the body/fashion: see D. Greene's Living Pod - architecture meeting fashion, fashion designers just like architects having the same inspiration, helmet and scaphander - technomorphy (Natalini+Toraldo di Francia), again machinistic language

Ecology, Agram Sstudio, though fuller never imagined himself as technologic gardener of the universe. like D. Greene - Archigram 9

Hal Foster, The Artist as Ethnographer, 1996Relation between artistic authority and cultural politics - Walter Benjamin, “The Author as Producer”, 1934 at the Institute for the Study of Fascism in ParisAesthetic quality vs political relevanceA shift in subject from that of economic relation to one of cultural identity.Presumption that the site of political transformation is also the one of artistic transformation Whole genre of 20c Western 'extraterritorial' literature (=) age of the refugee

Virtual web (réseau, net). Socio-commercial 'environment.'Air versus space, Fuller+OttoKiesler

"La cité dans l'espace" (1925)

Frei Otto, Occupying and Connecting Thoughts on Territories and Spheres of Influence with Particular Reference to Human Settlement

minimal pathways, shortest route btw two random points. minimal surfaceslight-weight construction in nature and techhousing estates and their connection"Planning means applying knowledge. Architecture and planned towns come into being by arranging familiar things" (Aldo Rossi)"Nets, paths, connection, nodes and occupied areas run all through our natural and technical environment, creating and influencing it."Leonhard Euler, "Sieben Brücken von Köngisberg", 1736, first mathematical network modelGeodesy or the division of the earths surface can be considered a planned, ie less natural occupation mechanism"Allow a variety of objects to fall from a balcony on a clear day. The situation, form, size and density of the type of territories associated with such "random occupations" can be determined."ATTRACTIVE OCCUPATION (strings of pearls, birds flocking on cables houses built close together along roads)occupations, which are both attractive and distancingstudy of occupation of surfaces in field experiments is certainly a worthwhile exercise for behavioural studies, urban dev and archiMagnetic field practical experiment"The more points are inserted into a surface of any form or size, the more they order themselves into a grid of equilateral triangles, with hexagonal territories."Triangles/hexagonsPainting shrinking etcQuadratic and rectangular grids, commonest in tech, urban dev and archi. Advantages obvious in smaller objects, crates and packages produced from lengths as cubic or flat rectangular goods, Rectangular buildings usually require rectangular roomsright angles dominate in buildingthe blockRandom occupation; settlement as an example (AR)convertible tent roofs (PEAKS APEXES)solid objects settling into the tightest configuration, etcbubblesround burg or round city (FERRARA), defense, palisadeslarger city easier to defend than a small city (occupation density of outer wall), only v. large cities were considerable 'impregnable'STARSHAPE =) ferrara.... stopped as early as the 18th cities. demolition, joy of the populace, cities expand"container city" (burgcity)Rings around rings

see CarcassonneParis, five rings of fortificationsQUADRATIC GRID CITYdictatorship, but also strong democracies =) right-angled road networks w orthogonal, quadratic blocks. easily comprehensible, easier SURVEILANCE Miletusthe roman encampment"Most large modern cities, one might say all large cities, are internally structured according to the villages and small towns from which they coalesced, often including container cities and burgs. Villages and regional cities are typical examples of distancing occupation mechanisms. However, the condensation processes of large cities involve powerful processes of attractive condensation.Castle and city, form of settlement that directly forced planning. this is the burgh, the citadel, the walled city, the 'home city' of the burghersthe PLOUGHrailwaymore than auto (in creation of paths)inkblots drips and other surface occupationsLondonDetroitLABombay, Mexico C, BA, Rhein-Ruhr, NY, Peking, Rio, Chicago,....even a densely settled country can be edenic and beautiful

ZAMYN CHANNELidentity issues'the Foreigner?' (just a year ago)migration flows Mark Malloch-Brown, UN, African minister-British Gov, Africa society (like Valerie Amos, chairwoman)Tate, African Progress Program, SOAS, Barclays, Accenture...Global citizenship <=> London Cities having greater proximity to each other than their own hinterlands45% British population only in LondonStrong pro-immigrant view Diversity, entrepreneurship, innovationAs much in commerce as in cultureInternational development and politicsDiversified economySouth Africa, how you forge an inclusive citizenship after all the experiencesHow to build community and citizenship focused on what differentiates people and society but also what links them to the world beyondOpen societies and open mindsOpennessMAMPHELA RAMPHELE

South Afr. activist, former vice-chancellor, former managing director at World Bank (disheartening experience), now leader of a political movement'Cultural forum'was a time when didn't need permits and landing to cross a borderadvent and implementation of passports after First World Wargave material meaning to abstract conceptsSurveillance into new eraNational divisions reinforced and redefined, BUT global interdependence rising through tradeGlobal trade altered the concept of social historyIntricate political and social dilemmasinternational policies and regulations, debateglobal moral framework that embraces humanismINTERCONNECTEDNESS of all human beingsnational migration policies do not adeq. addressed concerns shared by organisations such as the UNMigrations within (EU)Threats associated with migration: Polish plumber, 'civil unrest,' threaten social cohesion - departures of skilled workers drains their country of their expertise - corruption+fraud apparent as some passports and visas are very desirable - global economy, evidence that widened gap between rich and poor (both individuals and countries)South Africa, soon 20 years of freedom. Owes much of its freedom to neighbouring African countries. Arrival of migrants in that context creates conflict.2008 xenophobic attackslack of effective migration policiesdistorting an already underperforming economyhow countries harness the opportunitiesacknowledging that international migration is a reality, and that is likely to become an even more significant factor in the futureneed to agree on shared fundamental features and policiesintegration of legal migrants is essential to sociopolitical cohesionNo such thing as isolated economic crisisGlobal migration is a FACTMoral dimensionsState-talkSocial media interconnectedness (does not mean no fragmentation at the same time)SASKIA SASSENProfessor of sociology, co-chair of committee of Global Thought at ColumbiaStable meaning have become unstable (economy, middle-class, politics, government)Destabilise actively the meaning of immigrationVery ambiguous meaning todayDestabilising the meaning of citizenship (state-subject)Today we the citizens are losing rightsAmbiguity of two foundational subjects for membership, the Citizen and the Foreigner, both today are unstable. Who's the Immigrant, who's the Citizen? We social scientists have to deal with method. Before that, mess around. Space for epistemic outrage. Before method (Kafka).

First step, think of immigration SPACES (transnational professionals, contract-labor working seasonal, business-visa immigrant, family-dependent immigrant, green card immigrant, high-tech visa worker). Institutional, ideational, tactical spacesVariability of the immigrant subject in a global world Short-termed citizenship for votesRemittances (UK n°9, US n°19; India °1, UK gets more remittances than POLAND!)financial firms buy lots of land 'make land liquid'hunger where before none (Brazil, Argentina) migration as expulsionMembership in a nation-state, unstable meaningtoday greater distance state-subjectthe Foreignersovereign, even if legitimate, cannot presume to be the exclusive representant of their people in international fora (Brazil, Poland... vs American, French modern constitutions = the state is the people) zone of structural approximationsquestion, who are we, the citizens?HAUSSMANISATION, ita workers killed

KATHLEEN NEWLAND

SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS APPLIES TO PEOPLE TOOConservation of matter and energy "There is no away"eu has no higher rate of migration than pre nobordernot about migration but who's migrating, which characteristics, and where?last yrs explosion of double/triple citizenshipcompletion of UN convention on all forms of discrimination against womencitizenship to be allowed to pass by mothers as well as fathers