· web viewif used for pavement subbase, process material by passing through a 1-1/2 inch flat...

IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY OWNER OFFICIAL CAPITAL PROJECT TITLEMAY 9, 2023 OWNER CAPITAL PROJECT (CP) NUMBER

SECTION 31 20 00EARTH MOVING

(UPDATED MAY, 2018: UPDATES INDICATED IN YELLOW)

PART 1 GENERAL

1.01 SECTION INCLUDES

A. Preparation of site for earthwork

B. Erosion control

C. Rough grading:1. Earth excavation and borrow2. Embankment construction3. Subbase construction

D. Finish Grading:1. Backfilling2. Fine grading

E. Turf amended soil areas

F. Planting zone amended soil areas

G. Bioretention amended soil areas

H. Soil surface maintenance

1.02 RELATED REQUIREMENTS

A. Section 31 00 00 Earthwork

B. Section 31 05 13 Soils For Earthwork

C. Section 31 12 00 Site Clearing

1.03 DESCRIPTION OF WORK

A. Excavation from existing ground surface to subgrade for pavement.

B. Embankment construction to finish grade.

C. Excavation for borrow, shoulders, slopes, open channel ditches, intersections, approaches, private entrances, or driveways.

D. Removal of unsuitable soils.

E. Subgrade construction, compaction and stabilization.

F. Adjustments to approximate grade of manholes, valves and other castings and water stop boxes.

G. Final grading and restoration.

H. Construction of amended soil areas

DESIGN PROFESSIONAL NAME EARTH MOVINGDESIGN PROFESSIONAL PROJECT NUMBER 31 20 00 - 1

OWNER OFFICIAL CAPITAL PROJECT TITLE IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYOWNER CAPITAL PROJECT (CP) NUMBER MAY 9, 2023

1.04 DEFINITIONS

A. Excavation:1. The following excavation classifications are found under IDOT Standard Specification 2102.02, with

minor changes to adapt to building site work:a. All site and borrow excavation will be classified as Class 10, Class 12, or Class 13 hereinafter

defined and as indicated in the Contract Documents.1) Class 10 Excavation:

a) Class 10 excavation shall include all normal earth materials such as loam, silt, gumbo, peat, clay, soft shale, sand, and gravel.

b) It shall include fragmentary rock handled in the manner normal to this class of excavation.

c) It shall include any combination of the above described materials and any other material not classified as Class 12 or Class 13.

2) Class 12 Excavation:a) Class 12 excavation shall include the actual measured volume of granite, trap,

quartzite, chert, limestone, sandstone, hard shale, or slate in natural ledges or displaced masses.

b) It shall also include the estimated or measured volume of rock fragments or boulders which occur on the surface or in subsurface deposits mixed with earth, sand, or gravel when their size, number, or location prevents them from being handled in a manner normal to Class 10 excavation.

3) Class 13 Excavation:a) Class 13 excavation shall include all materials included under the definitions of

Classes 10 and 12 and any other material encountered, regardless of its nature.b) The various materials encountered in Class 13 excavation shall be used or removed

as provided for the various kinds of material.c) No separate measurements of such various classes of materials will be made. This

classification covers work commonly referred to as “Unclassified Excavation”.d) The Contract Documents will specify the limits for Class 13 excavation. Excavation

within these limits shall not be classified as Class 10 or Class 12 excavation.

B. Borrow:1. The following borrow definitions are found under IDOT Standard Specification 2102.06 with minor

changes to adapt to building site work:a. Unless otherwise provided in the Contract Documents, when the quantity of material required

for embankments is not available within the limits of the [project] cross sections or specific borrow areas as indicated, the Contractor shall make up the deficiency from borrow areas furnished by the Owner or furnish equivalent material from alternate borrow areas.1) Mandatory Borrow Area:

a) An area furnished by the Owner from which the Contractor is expected to obtain borrow material and to operate in the area in accordance with the Contract Documents.

b) Mandatory borrow areas will be designated in the Contract Documents.c) Where a mandatory borrow area is designated in the Contract Documents, it is

mandatory that borrow material be obtained from the borrow location designated unless permission is obtained from the Owner to obtain borrow from another location.

2) Optional Borrow Area:a) An area furnished by the Owner from which the Contractor may obtain borrow

material.b) If so obtained, the Contractor is expected to operate in the area in accordance with

the Contract Documents.c) Borrow areas are optional borrow areas unless specifically designated as mandatory

borrow areas.3) Alternate Borrow Area:

a) An area outside the site furnished or to be furnished by the Contractor from which the Contractor may obtain borrow material.

b) Use shall be in accordance with the Contract Documents.

EARTH MOVING DESIGN PROFESSIONAL NAME31 20 00 - 2 DESIGN PROFESSIONAL PROJECT NUMBER


c) The Contractor is responsible for obtaining all rights associated with this area and for use of this material.

1.05 REFERENCE STANDARDS

A. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) (http://www.transportation.org/)

B. ASTM International (ASTM) (http://www.astm.org/)

C. Iowa Department of Transportation (IDOT) Standard Specifications with latest revisions, Supplemental Specifications, and Material Instructional Memorandums (Material IMs) (http://www.erl.dot.state.ia.us/Start_Here.htm)1. Designated by IDOT “Standard Specification Number", Supplemental Specification Number” or

"Material IM Number" in this Section.

D. Iowa Statewide Urban Design and Specifications (SUDAS) (http://www.iowasudas.org/)

E. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) (http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/)

F. Recommended Chemical Soil Test Procedures by North Central Region Committee 13 (NCR-13 Soil Test Procedures) (http://extension.missouri.edu/explorepdf/specialb/sb1001.pdf)

1.06 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS

A. Coordination:1. Expose possible coordination conflicts in advance of construction, such as utility lines and drainage

structures.2. Verify elevations and locations of each utility and verify clearance for proposed construction.3. Complete other elements of the Work which can affect line and grade in advance of other open cut

construction unless noted on Drawings.4. Coordinate abandonment of existing storm sewer or other drainage facilities with site work and

grading to ensure positive drainage in all phases of the Work.5. Notify Owner of conflicts discovered or changes needed to accommodate unknown or changed

conditions.

B. Coordinate the following activities with utility owners that have facilities in or near the work area:1. Location of utility lines, mains, cables, and appurtenance shown on Drawings or from information

furnished by utility companies and Owner.2. Excavation and exposing of underground utilities in line of the Work.

a. Confirm location of underground utilities by excavating ahead of the Work.b. Verify exact location of utilities by using hand excavation methods within 18 inches of marked

utility lines as required by Iowa Code Chapter 480.

C. Notify Owner and utility company immediately if utility line is damaged during construction and coordinate repair within 24 hours.1. Contractor Responsibility For Utility Coordination and Damage:

a. Be solely responsible for all utility coordination and construction in area of existing utilities.1) No claims for additional compensation allowed to Contractor for interference or delay

caused by utility company.b. Pay for damage to utilities or private or public property owners due to utility disruption.

D. Preconstruction Meeting:1. Attend Owner-facilitated preconstruction meeting.

E. Sequencing:1. Obtain necessary permits.2. Install required traffic control and tree protection.3. Remove items as shown on Drawings.4. Install erosion control.5. Construct underground utilities.


http://extension.missouri.edu/explorepdf/specialb/sb1001.pdf

http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/

http://www.iowasudas.org/

http://www.erl.dot.state.ia.us/Start_Here.htm

http://www.astm.org/

http://www.transportation.org/


6. Construct Project in stages as shown on Drawings.7. Adjust manholes and other fixtures to new grades.8. Backfill and finish grade earth surfaces as shown on Drawings.

A. Scheduling:1. Soil Unloading and Loading on University Property:

a. Where soil removed from site is deposited on university property, schedule with Owner a minimum of 2 working days prior to depositing soil.

b. Where amended soil is furnished by Owner, schedule with Owner a minimum of 2 working days prior to loading soil.

1.07 SUBMITTALS

A. Construction Schedule and Sequencing:1. Submit prior to commencing site operations.2. Refer to Division 1 for information on critical schedule items.

B. Results of Standard Proctor and In-Place Density Tests

C. Erosion control measures:1. Completed NPDES Permit2. Silt fence3. Seed mixtures

D. Test Results on Contractor Furnished Borrow Material

E. Material Certifications if Requested by Owner:1. Granular subbase2. Stabilization materials3. Dust control

1.08 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

A. Deliver only materials that fully conform to these specifications, or for which submittals have been furnished to Owner and approved for use.

B. Immediately remove cleared, grubbed, and excavated material in locations that will minimize environmental damage, protect adjacent areas from runoff, and not interfere with operations.1. Control erosion around stockpiles.

C. Immediately remove existing topsoil from site and deliver to Owner operated facility located at 52097 260th Street, Ames, Iowa.1. Based on strip depth of number of inches, the estimated volume of top soil to be delivered to the

Owner operated facility is number of cubic yards

D. Amended Soils:1. Including a shrinkage rate of 20 percent for delivery and placement, the estimated volumes of

amended soil types to be loaded from the Owner operated facility and delivered to the site during final backfill and grading are as follows:a. Turf Amended Soil: number of cubic yardsb. Planting Zone Amended Soil: number of cubic yardsc. Bioretention Amended Soil: number of cubic yards

E. Remove unsuitable and excess material from site.

OR

F. Remove unsuitable and excess material from site as directed by Owner.1. Material Description:

a. Estimated material quantity: number of cubic yardsb. Owner-designated location: street address



2. Material Description:a. Estimated material quantity: number of cubic yardsb. Owner-designated location: street address

1.09 FIELD CONDITIONS

A. If contaminated soils, historical artifacts, or other environmental or historic items are encountered, stop work and notify Owner immediately.

B. Do not use explosives.

C. Conform to State and Federal requirements.

NOTE TO SPECIFIER:INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING ARTICLE IF FILL WILL BE PLACED UNDER WATER.

D. Placement of Fill Material in Streams and Water Bodies:1. Fill placement requirement2. Fill placement requirement

E. Abandoned Utilities:1. Unless otherwise specified, remove abandoned utility lines including water mains, sewer mains,

telephone conduits, service lines, et cetera required to complete the Work, and dispose material off site.

F. Bioretention Area Protection:1. To protect existing soil permeability, prohibit unnecessary vehicle traffic within bioretention areas

shown on Drawings.2. Where possible, install a Type B fence around bioretention areas.

a. See fence type definitions under Section 31 12 00, Article 1.03.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.01 OWNER FURNISHED MATERIALS

A. Sodding and/or seeding and plantings furnished and installed by Owner.

B. Amended soils furnished by Owner and placed by Contractor.

2.02 SUBSTITUTIONS

A. Use only materials conforming to specifications unless approved by Owner and Design Professional.

B. Owner and Design Professional reserve the right to review a gradation analysis of local aggregate and approve its use.

C. Obtain approval from Owner prior to placing substitute material on site.

2.03 EXCAVATION MATERIALS

A. Class 10 Excavation:1. Excavation of all normal excavation and borrow such as loam, silt, gumbo, peat, clay, soft shale,

sand, gravel and fragmentary rock.

B. Class 12 Rock Excavation:1. Material deposits so firmly cemented together that they cannot be removed without continuous use

of pneumatic tools or blasting.

C. Class 13 Unclassified Excavation:1. Excavation of all materials encountered, regardless of nature.2. Use or remove the various materials encountered as provided for the various types of material.



D. Structures:1. Concrete structures2. Manholes3. Storm drain inlets

E. Surfacing Materials:1. Concrete pavement2. Asphaltic pavement3. Sidewalks

F. Rubbish and Debris:1. Unsuitable materials such as trees, stumps, waste construction materials, scrap metals, and other

materials not suitable for backfilling or for topsoil.

G. Unsuitable or Unstable Materials:1. Material encountered during excavation above or below grade which cannot be properly placed in

the subgrade of cut or fill section.

2.04 SOILS EMBANKMENT MATERIALS

A. Suitable Soils:1. Meet the following requirements:

a. 95 pcf or greater density (ASTM D698 Standard Proctor Density).b. AASHTO M145-91 index of less than 30.

2. Soils not meeting these requirements are considered unsuitable soils.3. Below surface of water, place only clean granular material.

B. Select Soils:1. Owner approval of soils and their use for select subgrade treatments is required based on AASHTO

M145-91.a. Cohesive Soils:

1) Meet the following requirements:a) 45 percent or less silt size fraction.b) 110 pcf or greater density (ASTM D698 or ASTM D2922 Standard Proctor Density).c) Plasticity index greater than 10.d) A-6 or A-7-6 soils of glacial origin.

b. Granular Soils:1) Meet the following requirements:

a) 110 pcf or greater density (ASTM D698 or ASTM D2922 Standard Proctor Density).b) 15 percent or less silt and clay.c) Plasticity index, 3 or less.d) A-1, A-2, or A-3 (0).

2. Owner may authorize a change in select soils subject to materials available locally at time of construction.

C. Granular Subbase:1. Class A Subbase (IDOT Special Backfill):

a. Clean, crushed stone, or crushed concrete with the following gradation:

Sieve Size Percent Passing1 1/2 inch 100%

No. 8 15 - 45%No. 200 0 - 10%

IDOT Gradation #30 (IDOT 4109 and 4132)

b. Owner may authorize a change in gradation subject to materials available locally at time of construction.



2. Class B Subbase – Open Graded (IDOT Granular Subbase):a. Clean, crushed stone, or crushed concrete having the following gradation:

Sieve Size Percent Passing1 inch 100%No. 8 10 to 35%

No. 50 0 to 15%No. 200 0 to 6%

IDOT Gradation #12 (IDOT 4109 and 4121)

b. Owner may authorize a change in gradation subject to materials available locally at time of construction.

3. Class C Subbase (Reclaimed Asphalt Product – RAP):a. Process salvaged asphalt cement concrete and unclassified reclaimed asphalt cement

pavement (Iowa DOT 2303.02) to meet Iowa DOT special backfill requirements (Gradation #30).

D. Stabilization Materials:1. Clean, crushed stone, or crushed concrete, with the following gradation:

Sieve Percent Passing2-1/2 inch 100%

2 inch 90 to 100%1-1/2 inch 35 to 70%

1 inch 0 to 15%1/2 inch 0 to 5%

2. Owner may authorize a change in gradation subject to materials available locally at time of construction.

E. Unsuitable Material:1. Do not use rubbish, debris, construction waste and soil material encountered during earth moving

above or below grade that does not meet the requirements under Paragraph 2.03A Class 10 Excavation or requirements under Paragraph 2.03B Class 12 Rock Excavation and cannot be placed properly elsewhere on the project following requirements under Article 3.05 Unsuitable Soils.

2. Do not determine suitability of soil material based on excess moisture.

2.05 EQUIPMENT

A. Hauling Equipment:1. Comply with Iowa DOT Standard Specifications Section 2001.2. Side-dump trucks are prohibited on site and University owned borrow and stock pile areas.

OR3. Side-dump trucks are allowed on site and University owned borrow and stock pile areas.4. Sheepsfoot Roller:

a. Consists of 1 or more drums having studs or feet projecting not less than 6-1/2 inches from surface of drum

b. Load roller so not less than 200 psi is exerted on a single row of feet parallel to drum axle.5. Pneumatic Tired Roller:

a. Has tires not smaller than the 7.50x15 sizeb. Load roller to produce a compactive effort not less than 200 pounds per inch width of roller,

based on maximum ground contact width.c. Inflate tires to not less than 60 psi, plus or minus 5 psi maximum.

6. On embankments constructed primarily of sand or other granular material, a pneumatic tired roller weighing not less than 200 pounds per inch width of roller may be substituted for a sheepsfoot roller.



2.06 DUST CONTROL

A. Calcium Chloride:1. Comply with IDOT Standard Specification 4194.01.

A. Lignosulfonates (Tree sap):1. Lignosulfonate 58A.2. Other commercially available Lignosulfonate products intended for dust control if approved by

Owner.

2.07 EROSION CONTROL

A. Follow the requirements of the project SWPP. If none exists, follow best management practices including the following:1. Seed Mixtures:

a. Comply with requirements of surface restoration drawings or IDOT Standard Specification 2601 for seed, fertilizer and mulch.

2. Revetment Stone and Erosion Stone:a. Comply with IDOT Standard Specification 4130.

3. Silt Fence and Engineering Fabrics:a. Comply with IDOT Standard Specification 4196.

4. Jute Mesh and Wood Excelsior Mat:a. Comply with IDOT Standard Specification 4169 for materials including staples or stakes.

5. Engineering Fabric:a. Furnish and install as required by IDOT Standard Specification 4196.01 (B) and/or (C) as

appropriate.b. Use suitable material listed in IDOT Material IM 496.01

6. Erosion Blanket:a. For material used within bioretention areas and areas of concentrated flow, comply with IDOT

Standard Specification 4169 for ditch protection.b. Use suitable material listed in IDOT Material IM 496.01.c. For material used on disturbed side slopes of bioretention areas outside areas of concentrated

flow, comply with IDOT Standard Specification 4169 for slope protection.d. Use suitable material listed in IDOT Material IM 496.01.

2.08 PERFORATED PIPE

A. Furnish and install as required by IDOT Standard Specification 4146.

NOTE TO SPECIFIER:INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING ARTICLE IF THERE IS NO OTHER STORM SEWER SPECIFICATION SECTION.

2.09 SUBDRAIN MATERIALS

A. Material:1. Requirement2. Requirement

B. Material:1. Requirement2. Requirement

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.01 VERIFICATION OF CONDITIONS

A. Owner to verify suitability of excavated materials for reuse as backfill.



3.02 PROTECTION OF IN-PLACE CONDITIONS

A. Protect existing facilities, trees, and shrubs to remain in place.1. Do not disturb trees within 10 feet of drip line without Owner approval.

B. Protect bench marks, control points, and land survey monumentation.

C. Support, protect and maintain utility services, some of which may not be shown on Drawings.

D. Locate, mark, and protect existing utilities and facilities in the work area.

3.03 GENERAL INSTALLATION

A. Construct improvements with best current construction practice and equipment.

B. Give access to utility service locations, such as valves, manholes, and utility poles.

C. Support and protect utility lines, poles, and appurtenances in conflict with line and grade of the Work during construction.

3.04 STRIPPING TOPSOIL

A. Mow lawn areas, grass and growing crops or other herbaceous vegetation close to the ground and remove from site.

NOTE TO SPECIFIER:FOR THE FOLLOWING PARAGRAPH, OBTAIN DEPTH OF TOPSOIL FROM RESULTS OF SUBSURFACE INVESTIGATION. MATCH NUMBER OF INCHES WITH THIS SECTION, ARTICLE 1.08, PARAGRAPH C1.

B. Remove 8 inches of existing on-site topsoil. If more or less topsoil is discovered on site during construction, the contractor shall consult with the Owner’s Representative about appropriate actions. 1. Do not stock pile topsoil on site unless approved by Owner.

C. Deliver stripped topsoil to Owner operated facility as required under this Section, Article 1.08, Paragraphs C and C1.

3.05 EXCAVATION

A. Notification:1. Notify Owner prior to start of excavation activities.

B. Removal and Stockpiling:1. Immediately remove cleared, grubbed, and excavated material in locations that will minimize

environmental damage, protect adjacent areas from runoff, and not interfere with operations.a. Control erosion around stockpiles.

C. Excavation:1. Excavate to prescribed grade.

D. Dewatering:1. Drain or dewater below grade excavation on site.2. Disposal of pumped water shall follow the requirements of the SWPP plan for the project. If no

SWPP plan exists for the project, discuss sustainable disposal methods with Owner’s Representative.

E. Rock Excavation:1. When excavation to grade line results in a surface consisting of loose or solid rock, excavate 1 foot

below finished subgrade.2. Do not allow rock larger than 3 inches within 1 foot of subgrade.3. Where approved by Owner, earth backfill may be obtained within site limits where suitable material is

available.



4. Conduct operations to give Owner the opportunity to cross-section before backfill.

F. Paved Surface Removal:1. Saw cut surface material to full depth as required by the Contract Documents and at designated

removal lines. All cuts shall be wet cuts. Dispose of slurry in a manner approved by the Owner’s Representative.

2. Remove paved areas broken or damaged by Contractor beyond designated removal lines to new line designated by Owner and replace paved area at no cost to Owner.

3. Protect subgrade beneath existing paved surface removal areas.4. Existing Asphaltic Concrete Roadways:

a. Remove and stockpile asphaltic materials.b. If used for pavement subbase, process material by passing through a 1-1/2 inch flat sieve or 2

inch tilted vibrating screen.c. Dispose of paving material by recycling.

1) Use as unsuitable soil in compliance with requirements under Article 3.05 Unsuitable Soils.2) Remove excess to an approved landfill designated for this type of material or to a site

designated by Owner.3) Incorporate in granular subbase material (special backfill) or subbase stabilization.

G. Shaping of Borrows:1. Create borrow areas regular in cross section to permit accurate measurement.2. Carefully blend to natural land forms and avoid unnecessary damage to the land.3. Drainage routes shall not be altered without Owner’s approval. Do not turn natural drainage of

surface water toward adjoining land uses or owners4. Use strict diligence in draining surface water in its natural course or channel.5. Implement erosion and sediment controls in borrow areas as approved by Owner and Professional

Consultant.6. Complete excavation consistent with existing natural drainage conditions.

H. Unsuitable or Unstable Materials:1. Remove unsuitable or unstable materials to a depth specified by the Contract Documents, or as

directed by the Owner.2. The need for and type of stabilization will be determined by Owner.3. Remove soft areas and backfill with approved materials.1. If stabilization materials are used, furnish weight tickets at time of delivery.2. Disposal of unsuitable materials shall be by contractor. 3. For disposal of unsuitable or unstable materials, see requirements under this Section, Article 3.07.

I. Drainage:1. Initiate control measures as required by the pollution prevention plan or follow best management

practices under MS4 permit and as approved by Owner if project does not have a SWPP.2. Construct temporary drainage facilities to maintain a well drained site.

a. When necessary to prevent damage to the Work or adjoining land use, interrupt natural drainage or flow of artificial drains with Owner’s approval.

b. Restore original drainage as soon as conditions permit.3. Correct damage and clean storm sewer piping resulting from failing to control erosion or construct

artificial drainage at no cost to Owner.

J. Utility Poles:1. Work around existing poles if impractical to remove or scheduling does not permit removal of utility

poles before excavation begins.

K. Compaction:1. Unless otherwise specified by the Contract Documents, compact embankments 2 feet outside of

paved surface edges to meet 95 percent of Maximum Standard Proctor Density and moisture range of optimum moisture to 4 percent above optimum.



3.06 SOIL PLACEMENT EMBANKMENT CONSTRUCTION

A. Notification:1. Notify Owner prior to start of embankment activities.

B. Construction to Prescribed Grade:1. Place horizontal layers not over 8 inches in loose thickness.2. Place Install each layer full width of embankment placement and smoothed to uniform depth by

motor patrol, bulldozer, or other means acceptable to Owner.3. Install only suitable fill. 4. Where approved by Owner, deposit soils containing roots, sod, or other vegetable matter outside of

parking area or shoulder line and within 3 feet of outer embankment limits.5. Distribute stone throughout embankment to avoid pockets.6. Do not place stone larger than 3 inches within 1 foot of subgrade.7. Do not place tree stumps or large woody objects in the embankment.

C. Step or Bench Operations:1. Step or bench existing slopes greater than 5 horizontal to 1 vertical to connect existing grade with

new fill.

D. Runoff Control:1. Shape outer portion of embankment to be lower than center.2. If rain is likely to occur, smooth and compact to shed water.

E. Compaction with Moisture and Density Control:1. Unless otherwise specified in the Contract Documents, compact embankments with moisture and

density control as defined by IDOT Standard Specification 2107.08.

F. Compaction of Embankments Soils:1. Paved Areas:

a. Meet 95 percent of Maximum Standard Proctor Density and moisture range of optimum moisture to 4 percentage points above optimum moisture.

2. Turf Areas: and Planting Zones:a. In the top 18 6 inches, compact to maximum 85 percent of Maximum Standard Proctor Density

and moisture range of optimum moisture to 4 percent above optimum.3. Planting Areas:

a. In the top 18 inches, compact to maximum 85 percent of Maximum Standard Proctor Density and moisture range of optimum moisture to 4 percent above optimum.

a. Test following requirements under Article 3.09 Field Quality Control.4. Testing:

a. Test following requirements under Article 3.09 Field Quality Control.

G. Type A Compaction:1. When Type A Compaction (defined in IDOT Standard Specification 2107.05) is specified in the

Contract Documents, do 1 of the following 2 procedures:a. Compact with Moisture and Density Control for Type A Compaction

1) Furnish required testing at no cost to Owner.b. Compact in compliance with the following requirements:

1) Compact until full weight of sheepsfoot roller is supported entirely on its feet (walkout), but not less than 1 pass per inch of loose material.

2) Consider roller supported when feet do not penetrate more than 3 inches into material being compacted.

3) For soil too wet to sufficiently compact, do the following operations:a) Perform 1 discing per 2 inches of loose thickness.b) Cut and stir full depth of layer.c) Maintain interval not longer than 2 hours between successive discing.d) Compact by specified rolling.

4) For soil too dry to sufficiently compact, do the following operations:a) Moisten material.b) Manipulate soil to secure uniform moisture.



c) Compact by specified rolling.5) Where compacting adjacent to structures, do the following operations:

a) Place fill to same level as fill operation progresses.b) Hand compact that which cannot be rolled by mechanical tamper.

3.07 UNSUITABLE SOILS

A. Placement:1. Place in the Work only as approved by Owner.

B. Stone Removal:1. Remove stones larger than 6 inches from site as directed by Owner.

a. Stone Description:1) Estimated material quantity: number of cubic yards2) Owner-designated location: street address

b. Stone Description:1) Estimated material quantity: number of cubic yards2) Owner-designated location: street address

C. Limited Use: 1. Use other unsuitable materials in the Work in compliance with the following definitions:

USE MATERIALSSlope dressing only: 1. Peat or muck

2. Soils with plastic index of 35 or greater3. A-7-5 or A-5 (AASHTO) having a density less

than 85 pcf (ASTM D698 or ASTM D2922 Standard Proctor Density)

Type C Placement – placed 3 feet below subgrade and 2 feet outside curbline in fills:

1. Soils other than A-7-5 or below subgrade A-5 having a density of 95 pcf or less (ASTM D698 or ASTM D2922 Standard Proctor Density)

2. Soils other than A-7-5 or A-5 containing 3.0 percent or more carbon

Type B Placement – placed 5 feet below subgrade and outside shoulders in fills:

1. A-7-6 (plasticity index of 30 or greater) residual clays (overlying bedrock) regardless of classification

Type A Placement – placed in layers of 8 inches maximum thickness 5 feet below subgrade and 2 feet outside curbline in fills with alternate 8 inch maximum thickness layers of suitable soil or soils other than A-7-5 or A-5 containing 3.0 percent or more carbon:

1. Shale2. A-7-5 or A-5 soils having a density greater

than 86 pcf but less than 95 pcf (ASTM D698 or ASTM D2922 Standard Proctor Density)

Placement types are based on types defined in IDOT Standard Specification 2102.06 A.3.A-5, A-7-5 & A-7-6 refer to soil group classifications of the AASHTO Soil Classification System.

3.08 SUBGRADE PREPARATION

A. Notification:1. Notify Owner prior to start of subgrade activities.

B. Shaping:1. Shape and consolidate subgrade in preparation for placement of pavement.

C. Uniform Composition:1. Provide uniform composition at least 12 inches below top of subgrade under new paving. plus 2 feet

on each side. Depth of uniform composition of soil to be determined by pavement type.



D. Subgrade Compaction in Fill Sections:1. Comply with requirements under this Section, Article 3.06, Paragraph C.

E. Subgrade Compaction in Cut Sections:1. Disk, scarify, mix and recompact the top 12 6 inches of subgrade with moisture and density control.2. Use equipment disks (approximately 36 inches in diameter) and rollers (approximately 60 inches in

diameter) adequately sized to ensure moisture and density control at minus 12 6 inches.a. If work area or equipment is not sized to perform moisture and density requirements at minus

12 inches, perform the following operations.1) Excavate top 6 inches of subgrade, scarify, mix, and recompact next 6 inches of subgrade

with moisture and density control.2) Pulverize, mix, and replace top 6 inches of subgrade and compact.

3. Compact to not less than 95 percent of Maximum Standard Proctor Density with moisture content not less than optimum or more than 4 percent above optimum.

F. Stone Removal:1. Remove stones over 3 inches in size from site.2. Deliver to Owner designated location within 2 miles of site.

G. Temporary Roads and Paved Areas Removal:1. Remove all materials placed to create temporary roads and paved areas.2. Dispose of removed materials.3. Fill in with appropriate soil back to subgrade and compact at no additional charge to the Owner.

H. Rut Removal:1. If ruts or other objectionable irregularities form in subgrade during construction, do the following

operations:a. Reshape and prepare re-roll subgrade before placing pavement.b. Fill ruts or other depressions with material similar to other subgrade material.c. Compact.

I. Future Trimming:1. Construct to elevation and cross section such that, after rolling, surface will be above required

subgrade elevation.

J. Proof Rolling:1. Proof roll subgrade with loaded tandem axle truck to determine uniformity and stability of subgrade.

K. Unstable Material Removal:1. If soft or yielding areas are located, remove unstable materials and replace with suitable materials

and compact as specified.

L. Final Subgrade:1. Complete final subgrade by excavation to grade by use of steel shod template supported on side

forms or support rollers or by use of an automatically controlled subgrade excavating machine.

M. Subgrade Check:1. Verify subgrade elevation and grade by method approved by Owner. prior to paving.2. Where required, correct subgrade elevation and re-check until approved by Owner.

N. Subgrade Maintenance:1. Maintain subgrade prior to and during paving operations and lawn and planting zone construction.2. Repair damaged or disturbed areas prior to paving and construction of lawn and planting zones.

O. Lawn Areas:1. Finish lawn areas 6 inches below final grade, including transitions, to provide positive subgrade

drainage. 2. Compact lawn areas to approximately 80 to 85 percent of Maximum Standard Proctor Density.



P. Planting Zones:1. Finish planting zones 18 inches below final grade, including transitions, to provide positive subgrade

drainage.2. Compact planting zones to approximately a maximum 80 to 85 percent of Maximum Standard

Proctor Density.

Q. Bioretention Areas:1. See Drawings and requirements under this Section, Article 3.12.

3.09 PLACEMENT OF CLASS A, B & C GRANULAR SUBBASE

A. See class definitions under this Section, Article 2.04, Paragraph C.

B. Subbase:1. Compact special backfill and granular subbase in compliance with the following requirements:

a. Not less than 95 percent of Maximum Standard Proctor Density or 70 percent Relative Density (ASTM D4253 and D4254)

b. Moisture content not less than optimum or more than 4 percent above optimum.

C. Subgrade:1. Compact and shape smooth before subbase material is placed.

D. Water Treatment:1. Deliver granular material to the subgrade with water previously added uniformly throughout the

granular material.

E. Moisture Control:1. Deliver material to the site with moisture content between 5 percent below and 5 percent above

optimum.2. Maintain moisture in the granular subbase until compaction is completed.

F. Final Elevation:1. Where subbase is overbuilt, trim down to design elevation and shape to final template with an

automatically controlled trimming machine.a. Salvage and spread excess material on another approved project location or operation.

1. Conform to design profile and cross section such that no point is higher than the designed elevation and no point is lower than 0.05 foot 0.5” below designed elevation.

2. Uniformly moisten the top 1 inch of the any granular subbase prior to paving.3. Do not allow hauling equipment and other traffic on completed Class B or C subbase (granular

subbase).

3.10 FIXTURE ADJUSTMENT

A. Set tops of existing manholes even with finished pavement grade or finished topsoil grade per Division 33 details and specifications.

B. Set bottom of existing Adjust hydrants and valve boxes per Division 33 details and specifications. even with finished grade.

C. Set tops of existing fixtures, ground boxes and appurtenances even with finished grade of pavement, driveway, sidewalk, or topsoil, adding extension sections as required per applicable specification section. to be even with grade.

3.11 TURF AREA CONSTRUCTION

A. Perform finish excavation and soil placement embankment work in compliance with contract document grade and cross section.

B. Grade and slope surfaces to drain.



C. Scarify construction traffic areas, material stockpile areas, construction trailer areas and other compacted soils to a depth of 12 inches prior to finish grading.

D. Use materials in the construction of planting zones that comply with requirements under Section 31 05 13.

E. Place 2 inches of turf amended soil in a uniform depth in turf area and mix with the top 6 4 inches of subgrade with scarifying equipment of adequate size and power to handle materials encountered.

F. Place additional turf amended soil 6 4 inches deep on turf area surface

G. Smooth and finish grade to provide good seed bed.

H. Prohibit construction traffic on finished turf areas.

I. Monitor settlement until seed is established, adding material as needed and smoothing by hand methods where required to maintain required finish grade.

3.12 PLANTING ZONE CONSTRUCTION

A. Perform finish excavation and soil placement embankment work in compliance with contract document grade and cross section.

B. Leave designated planting zones 18 inches below finish grade. and slope surfaces to drain.1. Unless otherwise indicated on Drawings, planting zones extend out 15 feet from face of building.2. Construct other planting zones where designated on Drawings.

C. Scarify construction traffic areas, material stockpile areas, construction trailer areas and other compacted soils to a depth of 12 inches prior to finish grading.

D. Use materials in the construction of planting zones that comply with requirements under Section 31 05 13.

E. Place 2 4 inches of planting zone amended soil in a uniform depth in planting zone and mix with the top 4 6 inches of subgrade with scarifying equipment of adequate size and power to handle the materials encountered.

F. Place planting zone amended soil in 6 to 8 inch lifts to a depth of 16 14 inches deep on planting zone surface. Compact to 85%.

G. Shape to slope and cross section.

H. Smooth and finish grade to provide a well drained and sloped planting zone suitable for planting.

I. Prohibit construction traffic on finished planting zones.

J. Monitor settlement for 1 month, adding material as needed and smoothing by hand methods where required to maintain required finish grade.

3.13 BIORETENTION AREA CONSTRUCTION

A. Verify subgrades for bioswales, rain gardens or other bioretention amended soil areas are constructed to lines and elevations shown on Drawings.

B. Install protective silt fence before placement of bioretention material.

C. Use materials in the construction of planting zones that comply with requirements under Section 31 05 13.



D. Place coarse sand conforming to material requirements under Section 31 05 13, Article 2.03, Paragraph A.1. Place first 3 inches of coarse sand bed and thoroughly mix with subgrade soils to a depth of 2

inches.2. Place second 3 inches of coarse sand bed and tamp.

E. Place open graded stone conforming to material requirements under Section 31 05 13, Article 2.03, Paragraph B in maximum 8 inch lifts and compact to 85 percent of Maximum Standard Proctor Density to meet required depths and elevations.1. Do not over-compact.

F. Place 4 inch perforated pipe to elevation as shown on Drawings.

G. Place soil separation nonwoven geotextile engineering fabric where shown on Drawings between open graded stone and amended soil layers.

H. Place bioretention amended soil mix in 12 8 to 16 12 inch lifts.

I. Overfill above required grades to allow for natural settlement.

J. Avoid over compaction by allowing time for natural settlement and compaction.1. If time does not allow for natural settlement of soil, implement 1 of the 2 following light compaction

methods:a. Compact by Soaking:

1) Use only clean water2) Soaking placed soil until water flows from the underdrain.3) Apply water for saturation by spraying or sprinkling.4) Add amended soil mix to compensate for settlement that may occur subsequent to initial

wetting.b. Compact by Rolling:

1) Obtain Owner’s approval prior to rolling2) Roll entire bioretention area using a hand roller weighing no more than 100 pounds per

foot of width.3) During rolling, fill depressions caused by settlement of rolling with additional amended soil

mix.4) Regrade and roll surface to a smooth, even finish to required elevations and sections.

K. Remove open graded stone or amended soil contaminated by construction site runoff, sediment or other foreign materials at no cost to Owner.

L. Uniformly grade areas to a smooth surface, free of irregular surface changes.

M. Comply with compaction requirements and grade to required cross sections, lines, and elevations.

N. Provide a smooth transition between adjacent existing grades and new grades.

O. Finish bioretention surface to required elevations within plus or minus 1 inch.

P. After placement of amended soil, protect bioretention areas from construction traffic.1. Repair rutting, over-compaction, clogging, or other damage to bioretention areas to required grades

and tolerances at no cost to Owner.a. Scarify or remove and replace soil material to depth as directed by the Owner.b. Reshape and recompact.

3.14 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Compaction Testing:1. Owner may furnish compaction testing of embankment using the services of an independent testing

laboratory.



B. Density:1. Obtain required compaction not less than 95 percent of Maximum Standard Proctor Density for

paved surfaces and 80 to 85 percent for lawn areas, planting zones, and bioretention areas.

C. Moisture Range:1. Obtain required compaction within a soil moisture content range of optimum to +/- 4 percent of above

optimum.

D. Testing (unless furnished by Owner):1. Lab Test:

a. Determine laboratory density of material in compliance with ASTM D698 (Standard Proctor Density) or ASTM D4253 and D4254 (Maximum and Minimum Index Density for Cohesionless Soils).

b. Furnish at least 1 analysis for each material type used as backfill unless furnished by Owner.2. Field Test:

a. Perform in-place field density and moisture testing in accordance with ASTM D2922 and D3017 (nuclear) or ASTM D1556 (sand cone) and D2216 (moisture content).

3. Frequency:a. Furnish 1 test for each 300 square yards of material placed in each lift with a minimum of 2 tests

per lift.4. Show compliance with specifications.5. Owner will select test locations.6. Additional testing may be required by Owner if noncompliance or change in conditions occurs.

E. Test Failure:1. Rework, recompact, and retest as necessary until specific compaction is achieved in all areas of the

embankment.

3.15 TEMPORARY EROSION CONTROL DURING CONSTRUCTION

A. Topsoil Erosion:1. Minimize topsoil erosion and Prevent eroded soil from leaving the construction site.

B. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES):1. If the project disturbs more than 1 acre, including off-site borrow and disposal areas, comply with the

NPDES Permit and use best management practices.2. If project disturbs less than 1 acre, use best management practices.

C. Controls:1. Prior to site clearing and grading operations, install erosion protection silt fence along project

perimeter. of the project on down slope sides of site and excavate temporary siltation basins in existing drainageway as shown on Drawings.

2. Preserve existing vegetation in areas not needed for construction.3. Provide a combination of silt fences or equivalent sediment controls for side slopes and downslope

boundaries of disturbed areas. 4. Provide and maintain Owner approved erosion protection additional siltation fence, temporary silt

basins, diversion dikes, earth dikes, and/or straw bales around storm sewer inlets and outlets.5. Provide temporary and/or permanent seeding of areas upon completion of grading as soon as

practicable. (Review with ISU)6. If construction activity is not planned to occur in a disturbed area for at least 21 days, stabilize the

area by temporary erosion controls within 14 days of ceasing construction activities. (Review with ISU)

7. Maintain temporary and permanent erosion control measures in working order, including cleaning, repairing, replacement, and sediment removal throughout substantial completion the permit period.

D. Site Inspections:1. Performed by a qualified person from Environmental Health and Safety (EH&S) once every 7

calendar days and within 24 hours after a rainfall of 0.5 inches or more.2. A qualified person from EH&S will write reports summarizing site inspections as part of the storm

water pollution prevention plan, retain report originals at EH&S, and publish report copies to the



Owner’s internet based project communication and management system, Centric Project, in Project Reports > NPDES Reports, under the project Construction tab.

3.16 DUST CONTROL

A. Watering:1. Sprinkle water on or mist disturbed areas as required to control dust.2. Do not over hydrate or cause mud to be tracked from site.

B. Covering:1. Tarp or cover soil material hauled from or delivered to site.

END OF SECTION
