Forum: General Assembly 6

Issue: Measures to eliminate international terrorism.

Student Officer: Nic Sarsfield-hall

Position: Deputy Chair

Introduction

Terrorism is a matter that has been effecting the international community for several decades, span-ning as far back as the Cold War. The Intelligence Community is guided by the definition of terrorism as stated in Title 22 of the US Code, Section 2656f(d); the term "terrorism" meaning "premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents." as well their definition of "international terrorism" being, "terrorism involving the

territory or the citizens of more than one country.". Terrorism has plagued the globe for so long and the number of terrorism related incidences has sky rocketed in the new millennium in comparison to the previous 50 years, as shown in the diagram below, referencing the Total number of incidents of terrorism worldwide from 1968-2009, as well as the Rate of deaths from terrorism worldwide, 1970-2007 (except Afghanistan since 2001 and Iraq since 2003).

They're many organisations and institutions that are actively effective in the fight against terrorism, whether it is a source of information such that of the Global Terrorism Database which was founded in 2001 and contains information from incidents spanning back from 1970- current , the information has been collected from various sources, such as data originally collected by the Pinkerton Global In-telligence Service (PGIS) excluding some data of the year 1993 which was lost. Another source of in-formation that is that of the GTI, (Global Terrorism Index) which is published annually by the Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP), this shows summaries of key global trends and patterns in terrorism since 2000. While there is a vast array of counter terrorism organisations one of the most notable of which is NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation). International Terrorism has taken many forms, the most infamous being Al-Qaeda which was an Islamic terrorism organisation who claimed respon-sibility for many major terrorist attacks, such as that of September 11, 2001. This attack known as "9/11" which killed 2,996 and left more than 6,000 others wounded 19 of which were the Al-Qaeda

Image Sources : https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/total-incidences-of-terrorism-worldwide-1968-2009.png?v=c8b7e69267c392329b58f1fcd41fe8aa

terrorists. After Al-Qaeda came ISIS which has been responsible for over 143 attacks, spanning 29

countries and killing an estimated 2,043 people.Key Terms

As well as the definitions stated above,

Terrorism - The unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims.

Cyber Terrorism - The politically motivated use of computers and information technology to

cause severe disruption or widespread fear in society.

Major Countries and Organisations involved

GTD, Global Terrorism DatabaseThe GTD is an open source database including information of terrorist events around the world from 1970 through to 2016, ( with additional annual updates planned for the future). The data in the GTD is only added from credible sources.

United Nations (UN) The United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism was established through the adoption of General Assembly resolution 71/291 on 15 June 2017. Mr. Vladimir Ivanovich Voronkov was appointed as Under-Secretary-General of the Office on 21 June 2017.

(a) provide leadership on the General Assembly counter-terrorism man-dates entrusted to the Secretary-General from across the United Nations system;

(b) enhance coordination and coherence across the 38 Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force entities to ensure the balanced imple-

mentation of the four pillars of the UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy;(c) strengthen the delivery of United Nations counter-terrorism capacity-

building assistance to Member States;(d) improve visibility, advocacy and resource mobilization for United Nations

counter-terrorism efforts; and(e) ensure that due priority is given to counterterrorism across the United

Nations system and that the important work on preventing violent extremism is firmly rooted in the Strategy.

United States The United States have been greatly affected by terrorism most widely known, 9/11. After 9/11 the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) with its many partners across the federal government, public and private sectors have come together to form a strong foundation to safeguard the fundamental rights of all Americans.

Organisations for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)The OSCE makes a comprehensive contribution to international efforts against terrorism led by the United Nations, addressing the manifestations of terrorism, as well as the various

https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/terrorismhttps://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/cyberterrorism

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social, economic, political and other factors, which might engender conditions in which terrorist organisations could engage in recruitment and win support.

European Union (EU)The EU has two major priorities, one is to prevent, which is due to tackling the factors that contribute to radicalisation. The second priority is to protect the citizens and infrastructure and reduce the vulnerability to attack. In 2016, a total of 142 failed, foiled or completed at-tacks were carried in EU members states. Of the 142 victims that died in terrorist attacks, 135 people were killed in jihadist terrorist attacks. 1002 persons were arrested for terrorist offences in 2016, most of them were related to jihadist terrorism.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)NATO invoked its collective defence clause (Article 5) for the first and only time in response to the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 on the United States. NATO cooperates with partners and in-ternational organisations to leverage the full potential of each stakeholder engaged in the global counter-terrorism effort. NATO’s Counter-Terrorism Policy Guidelines focus Alliance efforts on three main areas: awareness, capabilities and engagement.NATO develops new capabilities and technolo-gies to tackle the terrorist threat and to manage the consequences of a terrorist attack.

Timelines

This timeline starts from September 2001

1 http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/about/2 http://www.un.org/en/counterterrorism/3 https://www.dhs.gov/preventing-terrorism-and-enhancing-security4 http://www.osce.org/countering-terrorism5 http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/fight-against-terrorism/6 http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_77646.htm

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11 September 2001 9/11: there were a series of attacks that resulted in 2,977 dead including the 19 hijackers. The hijackers, took control of four

planes and then crashed two into the towers of the World Trade Cen-ter in New York City, the third plane hit the Pentagon just outside of Washington D.C., while as the fourth plane

crashed in a field in Pennsylvania.

7 January 2015 Charlie Hebdo attack: Two brothers carried out a terror attack. Saïd and Chérif Kouachi attacked the French satirical

weekly newspaper Charlie Hebdo in Paris where 12 were killed and 11 injured.

A map showing every terrorist attacks world wide for 2001.

13 November 2015 Paris attacks: after a series of attacks in Paris that left 130 killed and

injured hundred others. The attacks consisted of a suicide bombing of the Stade de France stadium, followed by more ex-plosions and shootings at popular bars and other public

places in Paris.

22 March 2016 The Brussels bombing killed 32 people and injured at least 300 more. There were two suicide bombings at the Airport in Brussels

and another at a metro station.

14 July 2016 Nice Terror Attack: Mohamed Lahouaiej Bouhlel, a 41 year old Tunisian born French citizen drove a lorry into a crowd after

they watched the firework display to mark Bastille Day in France. This attack left 84 dead and hundreds injured.

July 2016 Attacks in Germany: On July 18 the violent string of attacks started with a man with an axe hacking passengers on a train in

Wurzburg.July 22, a young Iranian-German gunmen went on deadly

rampage in Munich.There were two attacks on Sunday the July 24, a suicide

bomber attacked Ansbach and another man killed a pregnant woman during a machete attack in Reutlingen.

A doctor was shot and killed in a Berlin hospital on July 26.

26 July 2016 Normandy Church Attack: two men stormed a church in Saint-Etienne-du-Rouvray, a suburb of Rouen in northern France.

Before police shot dead the Islamic State attackers, they slit the throats of a priest, Father Jacques Hamel and took four other hostage.

A map showing every terrorist attack world wide for 2015.

19 December 2016 Berlin Christmas market attack : Attacker Anis Amri drove a lorry into a packed Christmas market, killing 12 people and injuring

more than 60, in the German capital.

3 February 2017 Louvre Knife attack: A man wielding a knife attacked a group of soldiers guarding the louvre in Paris before being shot.

22 March 2017 Westminster Attack: Khalid Masood killed two men and two women and injured many others with his vehicle before crashing his

car and running into New Palace Yard, where he stabbed a police officer to death. Masood was shot dead at the scene by armed police.

7 April 2017 Stockholm attack: Four people were killed and more than fifteen were injured by a man who drove a truck down a busy shopping.

20 April 2017 Paris Shooting: An Isis claimed attack of the killing of a French policeman on the champs Elysees in Paris, was carried out

by a man called Karim Cheurfi.

22 May 2017 Manchester terror attack: At an Ariana Grande concert (a popular pop-singer) a suicide comber detonated an explosive that

killed at least 22 people and injured 59 others, many of which were young teenagers.

3 June 2017 London Bridge Terror attack: this terror attack was carried out by three knifeman after mowing down pedestrians and leaving

eight dead and several injured on London Bridge and the nearby Borough Market.

19 June 2017 Finsbury Park terror attack: Shortly after midnight a van driver mowed down Muslim worshippers on Seven Sisters road near

Finsbury Park. The attack left one man dead and ten

injured.

For the rest of Visual Timeline of terrorism around the globe with maps.

From 1996 to 2015.

ResolutionsFor resolutions that relates towards the issue of terrorism.

http://uk.businessinsider.com/global-terrorist-attacks-past-20-years-in-maps-2017-5/#1996-saw-a-spate-of-attacks-in-central-america-and-south-asia-in-december-of-that-year-a-train-bombing-in-india-killed-33-people-1

http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/693421/Terror-attacks-timeline-France-Brussels-Europe-ISIS-killings-Germany-dates-terrorism

The list of resolutions goes back to 1972, for the complete list.

• 1 July 2016 - The United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy Review. A/70/L.55• 24 June 2014 - The United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy Review. A/RES/

68/276• 16 December 2013 - Measures to eliminate international terrorism. A/RES/68/119• 14 December 2012 - Measures to eliminate international terrorism. A/RES/67/99• 19 December 2011 - Technical assistance for implementing the international conventions and

protocols related to counter-terrorism. A/RES/66/178

Possible Solutions

• Education education is a high priority so that the number of people, especially those who are younger to stop them from being indoctrinated into joining these terrorist organisations.

• Preventing the financing of terrorist organisations,stopping black markets and illegal trade, which could allow for a financial income for these organisations.

Additional Relevant Information

https://ourworldindata.org/terrorism/