Earth Science 11: Atmosphere Unit Test Review

Chapter 11: Heating the Atmosphere

1) Which one of the following is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?A) carbon dioxideB) ozoneC) oxygenD) nitrogenAnswer: D

2) Dust in the atmosphere is responsible for which of the following?A) reflection of solar energyB) acting as a nucleus for condensation and cloud formationC) optical phenomena such as a red sky at sunsetD) Atmospheric dust does all of these.Answer: D

3) Even though ground-level ozone is a health hazard, the "ozone layer" in the stratosphere is a health benefit because ________.A) it stops global warmingB) it reduces thunderstormsC) it screens out some harmful solar radiationD) it absorbs certain wavelengths of infrared radiation that are emitted by Earth's surfaceAnswer: C

4) Imagine you are in a flying aircraft. You note the presence of clouds and storms at your same altitude. What layer of the atmosphere must the aircraft be traveling through?A) troposphereB) stratosphereC) ionosphereD) mesosphereAnswer: A

5) Which of the following locations would have the lowest average air pressure?A) Summit of Mount Everest, tallest mountain on EarthB) Dead Sea, Israel, lowest point on Earth's land surfaceC) Challenger Deep, Mariana Trench, lowest point in the oceanD) Sea level, anywhere on the planetAnswer: A

6) Weather is ultimately driven by ________.A) geothermal heatB) energy input from the SunC) radioactive decayD) environmental lapse rateAnswer: B

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7) Examine the figure. Which of the four lettered positions depicts the Northern Hemisphere winter solstice?A) AB) BC) CD) DAnswer: D

8) Solar radiation is ________, as compared to the ________ emitted by Earth.A) long-wave radiation; short-wave radiationB) short-wave radiation; long-wave radiationC) infrared radiation; visible lightD) heat; electromagnetic radiationAnswer: B

9) A city located along a windward coast will probably have ________.A) warmer summer temperatures than an inland location at the same latitudeB) summer temperatures that are very similar to an inland location at the same latitudeC) cooler summer temperatures than an inland location at the same latitudeD) the season of summer, while inland locations don't experience summerAnswer: B

10) The annual temperature range at most latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere is much smaller than that in the Northern Hemisphere. The reason for this is that ________.A) Earth is closest to the Sun during the Southern Hemisphere summerB) rainfall and cloudiness are greater in the Southern HemisphereC) there is a greater percentage of water surface in the Southern HemisphereD) a greater proportion of the land surface is mountainous in the Southern HemisphereAnswer: C

11) Examine the figure. What exact day of the year is depicted? Explain.Answer: The Northern Hemisphere's summer solstice is depicted, since the circle of illumination intersects the Arctic Circle, the southernmost latitude that experiences complete sunlight for at least one day per year. The date is therefore June 21-22.

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Chapter 12: Moisture, Clouds and Precipitation

1) ________ is an indication of how near the air is to saturation rather than the actual quantity of water vapor in the air.A) Mixing ratioB) Relative humidityC) Dew-point temperatureD) Adiabatic coolingAnswer: B

2) A 1-kilogram parcel of air is at 35°C and contains 7 grams of water vapor. What is the relative humidity?A) 20%B) 40%C) 50%D) 70%Answer: A

3) Examine the figure. This flask contains 1 kilogram of dry air mixed with 20 grams of water vapor. It is at 25°C temperature. What would happen if its temperature was increased to 35°C?A) The relative humidity would decrease, triggering evaporation from the pool of liquid water at the bottom of the flask.B) The relative humidity would decrease, triggering condensation, and raising the level of the pool of liquid water at the bottom of the flask.C) The relative humidity would increase, triggering condensation, and raising the level of the pool of liquid water at the bottom of the flask.D) The relative humidity would increase, triggering evaporation from the pool of liquid water at the bottom of the flask.Answer: A

4) How can condensation be triggered to form clouds or fog?A) Add sufficient water vapor to the air so that it reaches saturation.B) Cool the air to its dew point.C) Either of the above will work.D) Neither of the above will work.Answer: C

5) Adiabatic temperature changes occur ________.A) when heat is addedB) when heat is subtractedC) when heat is neither added nor subtractedD) when water vapor is addedAnswer: C

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6) A fire extinguisher containing compressed CO2 is used to put out a fire. In spite of being close to the flames, the firefighter notices a white layer of "frost" forming on the exterior of the fire extinguisher can. What's going on?A) The gas in the extinguisher is expanding when released, cooling adiabatically.B) The gas in the extinguisher is cooling under higher pressure.C) The exterior temperature must be dropping.D) The fire is pulling heat from the surrounding air.Answer: A

7) Examine the figure. Which process is illustrated?A) orographic liftingB) frontal wedgingC) adiabatic coolingD) convergenceAnswer: BChapter 13: The Atmosphere in Motion

1) Which of the four lettered locations on this barometer would correspond to a hurricane (tropical cyclone)?A) AB) BC) CD) DAnswer: D

2) Because unequal heating of Earth's surface generates these pressure differences, ________ is/are the ultimate energy source for most wind.A) cavesB) hot springsC) solar radiationD) the greenhouse effectAnswer: C

3) Which of the four lettered locations on the map would have the highest pressure gradient (and thus, the highest potential for winds)?A) AB) BC) CD) DAnswer: D

4) You are getting ready to go for a hike on a summer day. You check the barograph and

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discover that the pressure tendency has been rising for several hours. Based on this information, what gear should you be sure to pack for your hike?A) snowshoesB) sunscreenC) a rain jacketD) a helmetAnswer: B

5) The zone of subsiding dry air which encircles the globe near 30° latitude, north and south, is known as the ________.A) Hadley cellB) subtropical highC) trade windsD) polar frontAnswer: B

6) In Eurasia, the land becomes cold in the winter and develops a seasonal high-pressure system from which surface flow is directed off the land. In the summer, in contrast, the opposite occurs: The landmasses are heated and develop a low-pressure cell, which permits air to flow onto the land. This "switch" in directions of airflow into or off of the continent gives rise to ________.A) the monsoonB) cyclonesC) the polar highD) easterlies and westerliesAnswer: A

7) Which of these factors influence the magnitude of the Coriolis force?A) wind speedB) latitudeC) wind directionD) both wind speed and latitudeAnswer: D

8) This pressure zone is associated with abundant precipitation and warm temperatures.A) subtropical highB) equatorial lowC) subpolar lowD) anticycloneAnswer: B

9) Examine the figure. Which of the four lettered latitudes would

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be the most likely site for clear skies?A) AB) BC) CD) DAnswer: B

10) On the basis of vegetation patterns, cloud cover, and sea surface patterns (choppy or calm), identify the directions that the prevailing trade winds blow over the Hawaiian islands. Draw an arrow on this image to express your answer.

NASA imageAnswer:

11) Examine the map showing air pressure in millibars. Compare and contrast what sorts of weather situations would you expect at sites "B" and "D" on the map.Answer: Site D is a center of low pressure, which means it's at the center of a midlatitude cyclone. Surrounding this site will be bands of clouds and wind that are flowing in toward Maine, spiraling in a counter-clockwise direction (because it is in the northern hemisphere). The close spacing of the isobars suggests high winds, too. All that air rising will likely be accompanied by precipitation. In contrast, site B, near New Orleans, is a center of high pressure. This means descending air, relatively clear skies, and no precipitation. It is likely surrounded by moderate winds spiraling outwards in a clockwise divergent pattern.Diff: 3

Chapter 14: Weather Patterns1) An air mass originating in the Gulf of Mexico

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should be labeled ________.A) cPB) mPC) cTD) mTAnswer: D

2) Examine the figure. What weather phenomenon is illustrated here?A) a warm frontB) a cold frontC) an occluded frontD) a stationary frontAnswer: ADiff: 1

3) You are driving west in your car on a clear, warm day. Up ahead, you see a dark band of ominous clouds. Soon, you drive beneath the towering bank of clouds, and things get very dark. For twenty minutes, you are pelted with rain and even some hail. You keep driving west, even though it seems a little sketchy at times. On the radio, you hear that the next county to the north is under a tornado warning. Then the sky lightens, and there is only a little rain. You notice that the temperature outside has dropped by 15°F (8°C). What have you just driven across?A) a warm frontB) a cold frontC) a mid-latitude cycloneD) the jet streamAnswer: B

4) Examine the figure. Which of the symbols shown is used to illustrate a stationary front?A) AB) BC) CD) DAnswer: C

5) Identify and label each of the color-coded air masses in these two figures. Label figure A and B to state which season they depict.

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Answer:

Diff: 1

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