Adobe PhotoShop Study Guide V1.02011

Exam 9A0-094

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Adobe Photoshop is a graphics editing program developed and published by Adobe Systems Incorporated.

An Adobe Certified Expert (ACE) : is a person who has demonstrated proficiency with Adobe Systems software products by passing one or more product-specific proficiency exams set by Adobe (like 9A0-094 exam).

Computer Graphics :

1. Raster Graphics image, or bitmap, is a data structure representing a generally rectangular grid of pixels, or points of color, viewable via a monitor, paper, or other display medium. Raster images are stored in image files with varying formats ( like PNG, GIF and JPG).

2. Vector Graphics is the use of geometrical primitives such as points, lines, curves, and shapes or polygon(s), which are all based on mathematical equations, to represent images in computer graphics.

Vector graphics formats are complementary to raster graphics , which is the representation of images as an array of pixels, as is typically used for the representation of photographic images.

Vector graphics are stored as mathematical expressions as opposed to bit mapped graphics which are stored as a series of mapped 'dots', also known as pixels (Picture cells).

A Pixel : is a single point in a raster image , or the smallest addressable screen element in a display device; it is the smallest unit of picture that can be represented or controlled.

- Each pixel has its own address. The address of a pixel corresponds to its coordinates.

- Pixels are normally arranged in a two-dimensional grid, and are often represented using dots or squares.

- Each pixel is a sample of an original image; more samples typically provide more accurate representations of the original. The intensity of each pixel is variable. - In color image systems, a color is typically represented by three or four component intensities such as red , green , and blue , or cyan , magenta , yellow , and black .

The display Resolution of a display device : is the number of distinct pixels in each dimension that can be displayed.

The RGB color model is an additive color model in which red, green, and blue light is added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array of colors. The name of the model comes from the initials of the threeadditive primary colors , red, green, and blue.

The main purpose of the RGB color model is for the sensing, representation, and display of images in electronic systems, such as televisions and computers.

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The CMYK color model (process color, four color) is a subtractive color model , used in color printing, and is also used to describe the printing process itself. CMYK refers to the four inks used in some color printing: c yan , m agenta , y ellow , and key (black). Though it varies by print house, press operator, press manufacturer and press run, ink is typically applied in the order of the abbreviation.

Image file formats

JPG PNG GIF PSD

Colors 16.700.000 16.700.000 256 16.700.000

Animation N N Y N

File Size Small Small Very Small Large

Transparent N Y Y Y

Layers N N N Y

*Y: Yes N: No

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LayersPhotoshop layers are like sheets of stacked acetate. You can see through transparent areas of a layer to the layers below. You move a layer to position the content on the layer, like sliding a sheet of acetate in a stack. You can also change the opacity of a layer to make content partially transparent.

Transparent areas on a layer let you see layers below.

You use layers to perform tasks such as 1. Compositing multiple images, 2. Adding text to an image, 3. Adding vector graphic shapes.

You can apply a layer style to add a special effect such as a drop shadow or a glow.

Organizing layersA new image has a single layer. The number of additional layers, layer effects, and layer sets you can add to an image is limited only by your computer’s memory.

You work with layers in the Layers panel.

Layer groups help you organize and manage layers. You can use groups to arrange your layers in a logical order and to reduce clutter in the Layers panel. You can nest groups within other groups. You can also use groups to apply attributes and masks to multiple layers simultaneously.

Layers panel overviewThe Layers panel lists :1. all layers, 2. layer groups, 3. and layer effects in an image.

You can use the Layers panel to 1. show and hide layers, 2. create new layers, 3. and work with groups of layers.

You can access additional commands and options in the Layers panel menu.

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Photoshop Layers panelA. Layers panel menuB. Layer GroupC. LayerD. Expand/Collapse Layer effectsE. Layer effectF. Layer thumbnail

Create layers and groupsA new layer appears either above the selected layer or within the selected group in the Layers panel.

Convert a selection into a new layer1. Make a selection.2. Do one of the following:

○ Choose Layer > New > Layer Via Copy to copy the selection into a new layer.○ Choose Layer > New > Layer Via Cut to cut the selection and paste it into a new layer.○ Note: You must rasterize Smart Objects or shape layers to enable these commands.

Duplicate layersYou can duplicate layers within an image or into another or a new image.

Duplicate a layer or group within an image1. Select a layer or group in the Layers panel.2. Do one of the following:

○ Drag the layer or group to the Create a New Layer button .○ Choose Duplicate Layer or Duplicate Group from the Layers menu or the Layers panel

menu. Enter a name for the layer or group, and click OK.

Show or hide a layer, group, or style Do one of the following in the Layers panel:

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● Click the eye icon next to a layer, group, or layer effect to hide its content in the document window. Click in the column again to redisplay the content. To view the eye icon for styles and effects, click the Reveal Effects In panel icon .

● Note: Only visible layers are printed.

Make a frameYou can make a photo frame by increasing the canvas size and filling it with a color.You can also use one of the prerecorded actions to make a styled photo frame. It’s best to do this on a copy of your photo.

1. Open the Actions panel. Choose Window > Actions.2. Choose Frames from the Actions panel menu.3. Choose one of the frame actions from the list.4. Click the Play Selection button.5. The action plays, creating the frame around your photo.

Apply transformationsCTRL + T

Transforming scales, rotates, skews, stretches, or warps an image.

You can apply transformations to 1. a selection, 2. an entire layer, 3. multiple layers, 4. or a layer mask. 5. a path, 6. a vector shape, 7. a vector mask, 8. a selection border.

Transforming affects image quality when you manipulate the pixels.

To apply non-destructive transformations to raster images, use Smart Objects.

Transforming a vector shape or path is always non-destructive because you’re only changing the mathematical calculations producing the object.

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Transforming an imageA. Original imageB. Layer flippedC. Selection border rotatedD. Part of object scaled

Transform submenu commandsScale Enlarges or reduces an item relative to its reference point, the fixed point around which transformations are performed. You can scale horizontally, vertically, or both horizontally and vertically.

Rotate Turns an item around a reference point. By default, this point is at the center of the object; however, you can move it to another location.

Skew Slants an item vertically and horizontally.

Distort Stretches an item in all directions.

Perspective Applies one-point perspective to an item.

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Warp Manipulates the shape of an item.

Rotate 180, Rotate 90 CW, Rotate 90 CCW Rotates the item by the specified number of degrees, either clockwise or counterclockwise.

Flip Flips the item vertically or horizontally.

Repeat a transformation Choose Edit > Transform > Again, Edit > Transform Path > Again, or Edit > Transform Points > Again.

Duplicate an item when transforming it Hold down Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac OS) when selecting the Transform command.

Important: When you transform a bitmap image (versus a shape or path), the image becomes slightly less sharp each time you commit a transformation; therefore, performing multiple commands before applying the cumulative transformation is preferable to applying each transformation separately.

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Basic Tools :

1. Marquee Tool – A tool which allows you to select parts of an image so u can for example: duplicate them or drag them to a different place.2. Lasso Tool – Instead of having a pre-defined shape for the marquee you can make your own shape with the lasso tool.3. Crop Tool – Used to crop a document to make it smaller (or bigger). Once you crop it everything outside the selected region will be deleted.4. Healing Brush Tool5. Clone Stamp Tool6. Eraser Tool – Pretty much speaks for itself.7. Blur Tool – Can be used to blur images when needed.8. Pen Tool10. Hand Tool11. Move Tool – Probably the tool you will be using the most. Used to move/drag items that are selected (ex. Part of an image selected via the marquee) or to move layers around.12. Magic Wand Tool – A great tool to help you select parts of an image which have the same color. For example, a person is standing in front of a white backdrop. By using the Magic Wand tool and clicking anywhere on the white are you will automatically select all the white area surrounding the person leaving the person unselected. You can now for example change the color of the backdrop!13. Eyedropper Tool – This tool helps you pickup a specific color from an image. For example, by choosing the eyedropper and clicking on an image of a green sweater, you will get the specific shade of green you clicked on and it will be saved in the foreground color box.14. Paint Brush – This one speaks for itself.15. History Brush Tool16. Paint Bucket/Gradient Tool – This tool is used to fill a selected area with a certain color. Also by clicking (and hold) on the little triangle you can select the Gradient Tool. This important tool is used to create color gradients, a popular element in design.17. Dodge Tool18. Text Tool – This is yet another tool that speaks for itself! You simply drag out a box and away you type!

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19. Rectangle Tool20. Zoom tool – This tool can be used to zoom into an image when fine detail editing is required. You can zoom out by simply right clicking on the image (with this tool selected of course) and clicking Zoom out or by selecting “Actual Pixels” which will return you back to the regular size of the document.21. Foreground color – You can double click on this box and select a color you wish to use. The color selected in this box will be used by the paintbrush, Paint Bucket tool ect… In the “#” feild you can enter an HTML color code.22. Background color – The color selected in this box is used as a background color. It only makes its presence when you crop a canvas larger than it’s original size, the extra space will take on the color that is selected in this box.

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PhotoShop CS5 Useful Keyboard Shortcuts–Windows

SELECTING

Draw Marquee from Center Alt-Marquee

Add to a Selection Shift Q

Subtract from a Selection Alt Q

Intersection with a Selection Shift-Alt

Make Copy of Selection w/Move tool Alt-Drag Selection

Make Copy of Selection when not in Move tool Ctrl-Alt-Drag Selection

Move Selection (in 1-pixel Increments) Arrow Keys Q

Move Selection (in 10-pixel Increments) Shift-Arrow Keys

Select all Opaque Pixels on Layer Ctrl-click on Layer Thumbnail (in Layers panel)

Restore Last Selection Ctrl-Shift-D

Feather Selection Shift-F6 Q

Move Marquee while drawing selection Hold Space while drawing marquee

VIEWING

Fit on Screen Double-click on Hand tool or Ctrl-0

Q

100% View Level (Actual Pixels) Double-Click on Zoom Tool or Ctrl-Alt-0

Zoom in .. Ctrl-Space-Click or Ctrl-Plus(+) Q

Zoom out Alt-Space-Click or Ctrl-Minus(–)

Hide all tools and panels Tab

Hide all panels except Toolbox and Options bar Shift-Tab

Rotate through full screen modes F

Scroll image left or right in window Ctrl-Shift-Page Up/Down

Jump/Zoom to part of Image Ctrl-drag in Navigator panel

Toggles layer mask on/off as rubylith \

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LAYER SHORTCUTS

Create new layer Ctrl-Shift-N Q

Select non-contiguous layers Ctrl-Click layers

Select contiguous layers Click one layer, then Shift-Click another layer

Delete Layer Delete key (while in the Move tool)

Q

View contents of layer mask Alt-Click layer mask icon

Temporarily turn off layer mask Shift-Click layer mask icon

Clone layer as you move it Alt-Drag

Find/Select layer containing object Right-Click on the object w/Move tool

Change layer opacity Number pad keys (w/Move tool selected)

Cycle down or up through blend modes Shift-Plus(+) or Minus(–)

Change to a specific blend mode (w/Move tool) Shift-Alt-letter (ie: N=Normal, M=Multiply. etc.)

Switch to layer below/above current layer Alt-[ or Alt-] Q

TYPE SHORTCUTS

Select all text on layer Double-Click on T thumbnail in Layers panel

Q

Increase/Decrease size of selected text by 2 pts Ctrl-Shift->/<

Increase/Decrease size of selected text by 10 pts Ctrl-Shift-Alt->/<

Increase/Decrease kerning/tracking Alt-Right/Left Arrow

Align text left/center/right Ctrl-Shift-L/C/R

PAINTING

Fill selection with background color Ctrl-Backspace

Fill selection with foreground color Alt-Backspace

Fill selection with foreground color using Lock Transparent Pixels

Shift-Alt-Backspace

Fill selection with source state in History panel Ctrl-Alt-Backspace

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Display Fill dialog box Shift-Backspace

Sample as background color Alt-Click w/Eyedropper tool

To get Move tool While in any painting/editing tool-hold Ctrl

To get Eyedropper with Paint tools Alt

Change paint opacity (with Airbrush OFF) Number keys

Change paint opacity (with Airbrush ON) Shift-Number keys

Change Airbrush flow (with Airbrush ON) Number keys

Change Airbrush flow (with Airbrush OFF) Shift-Number keys

Cross-Hair Cursor Any painting/editing tool-turn Caps Lock on

Decrease/Increase Brush Size [ or ] Q

Decrease/Increase Hardness of Brush Shift-[ or Shift-]

Switch between preset Brushes < or > Q

Open Brushes pop-up panel Right-Click in Image window

Erase to History panel's source state Alt-Eraser

Cycle down or up through blend modes Shift-Plus(+) or Minus(–)

Change to a specific blend mode Shift-Alt-letter (ie: N=Normal, M=Multiply, etc.)

Create fixed color target from within a dialog box Shift-Click in image window

Delete fixed color target Alt-Click on target with Color Sampler tool

Create new spot-color channel from current selection Ctrl-Click on New Channel button in Channels panel

PEN TOOL SHORTCUTS

To get Direct Selection tool while using Pen Ctrl

Switch between Add-Anchor and Delete-Anchor Point tools Alt

Switch from Path Selection tool to Convert Point tool when pointer is over anchor point

Ctrl-Alt

To Select a whole path w/Direct Selection tool Alt-click

Convert path to a selection Ctrl-click on path name (in Paths panel)

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PANEL SHORTCUTS

Show/Hide Brushes panel F5

Show/Hide Color panel F6

Show/Hide Layers panel F7

Show/Hide Info panel F8

Show/Hide Actions panel Alt-F9 Q

Open Adobe Bridge Ctrl-Alt-O

OTHER SHORTCUTS

Switch between open documents Ctrl-Tab

Undo or Redo operations beyond last one Ctrl-Alt-Z/Ctrl-Shift-Z

Apply Last Filter Ctrl-F

Opens Last Filter Dialog Box Ctrl-Alt-F

Hand Tool Spacebar

Reset Dialog Box Hold Alt, Cancel turns into Reset Button, Click it

Increase/Decrease value (in any option field) by 1 unit Up/Down Arrow

Increase/Decrease value (in any option field) by 10 units Shift-Up/Down Arrow

Replay last Transformation Ctrl-Shift-T

Measure Angle between Lines (Protractor Function) After ruler is drawn, Alt-Drag end of line with Ruler Tool

Move Crop Marquee while creating Hold Space while drawing

Snap Guide to Ruler ticks Hold Shift while dragging

Highlight Fields in Options bar (n/a for all tools) Enter

Don't Snap object edge while moving Hold Control while dragging

V Move

M Marquee tools

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L Lasso tools

W Quick Selection, Magic Wand

C Crop and Slice Tools

I Eyedropper, Color Sampler, Ruler, Note, Count

J Spot Healing Brush, Healing Brush, Patch, Red Eye

B Brush, Pencil, Color Replacement, Mixer Brush

S Clone Stamp, Pattern Stamp

Y History Brush, Art History Brush

E Eraser tools

G Gradient, Paint Bucket

O Dodge, Burn, Sponge

P Pen tools

T Type tools

A Path Selection, Direct Selection

U Rectangle, Rounded Rectangle, Ellipse, Polygon, Line, Custom Shape

K 3D Tools

N 3D Camera Tools

H Hand

R Rotate View

Z Zoom

D Default colors

X Switch Foreground and Background colors

Q Quick Mask Mode

To switch between all tools within groups, add the Shift key to the letters above

For example, to switch between rectangular and elliptical marquee hit Shift-M

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0A9-094 Questions

1.You have finished editing an image acquired from a digital camera. Which command should you choose to change the current image mode to one that is appropriate for preparing an image to be printed using process colors? Image > Mode > CMYK 2. You have a grayscale image that you would like to print. You would like to add a color tint and print the image on two separate plates. Which should you choose?

Image > Mode > Duotone 3. In the Photoshop Color Settings dialog box you see a warning that says: Your Creative Suite applications are not synchronized for consistent color. You want consistent color treatment across Photoshop, Illustrator, Acrobat, and InDesign. What should you do?

In Bridge, choose Edit > Creative Suite Color Settings and apply a color setting

4. You have a document using the Adobe RGB (1998) color space, and you need to convert it to a smaller CMYK color space represented by a press profile. The document contains no significant colors that are outside the CMYK color space. Which rendering intent will most effectively preserve the color relationships within the RGB document when it's converted to CMYK?

Relative Colormetric

5. You want to display an on-screen preview of how your RGB document will look when produced in CMYK. Which should you choose to specify the device to simulate?

View > Proof Setup

6. You are configuring the Color Settings dialog box for images intended for output to the Web. Which RGB working space should you choose?

sRGB

7. Which two actions will display your image at 100%?

a. Choose View > Actual Pixels.b. Double-click the Zoom tool in the toolbox. 8. Describe two ways to combine one image with another :

a. Copy and Pasteb. Drag and drop

9. What is created in the destination image when you cut and paste or drag and drop another image file into it :a new layer containing the image data is created in the destination file.

10 What are the best formats for printing in which a file that contains text or vector objects :

a. PSDb. EPSc. PDF

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