166shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/2265/11/11...wbc counts for the normal persons are in...

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Chapter 4

Results

This chapter reports results of clinical and biophysical parameters ofblood collected from the investigations performed on normal persons andcancer patients. The parameters observed are Hemoglobin (Hb) content,Red blood cell (RBC), White blood cell (WBC) and Platelet counts, size oferythrocytes, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), viscosity, surfacetension, volume flow rate, pH and electrical conductivity of blood andplasma, refractive index of plasma, dielectrophoretic collection rate (DCR)and excess permittivity (Ke) of erythrocytes. The results are presentedcategorically in the form of tables. This chapter also presents acomparative data of the above parameters for normal persons and cancerpatients. The data also displays a percentage of variation before andafter radiation treatment(RT) for different types of cancer patientssuffering from anal, bladder, brain, breast, cervix, Head & neck, kidney,lung, leukemia, esophagus, penis and vaginal cancers.

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This chapter reports results of clinical studies done on blood of

normal persons and cancer patients. The chapter also presents

comparative data on normal persons and cancer patients with reference

to various clinical parameters.

The data is presented in the form of tables and also shows the

relation between percentage variations in the above said parameters. The

parameters, Hemoglobin (Hb) content, Red blood cell (RBC), White blood

cell (WBC) and Platelet counts, size of erythrocytes, Erythrocyte

sedimentation rate (ESR), viscosity, surface tension, volume flow rate, pH

and electrical conductivity of blood and plasma, refractive index of

plasma, dielectrophoretic collection rate (DCR) and excess permittivity

(Ke) of erythrocytes of cancer blood are studied and data is collected and

presented for normal persons and cancer patients.

Percentage variation in all the above parameters between normal

persons and cancer patients and also the percentage variation in the

above parameters before and after radiation treatment (RT) of cancer

patients are studied and the data is presented in the form of tables.

Tables 4.1.1. to 4.1.5. reveal the data on Hemoglobin (Hb)

content, RBC counts, WBC counts, platelet counts and ESR values of

normal persons.

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It shows the Hb of normal persons is in the range 8.6 g/dl to 15.5

g/dl with a mean value of 13.9 g/dl having a Standard deviation (S.D) of

± 2.02. RBC counts for the normal persons are in the range 5 to 5.39

millions/cumm with a mean value of 4.91 millions/cumm having a S.D

of ± 0.24.

WBC counts for the normal persons are in the range 5000 to 8200

cells/cumm with a mean value of 6345 cells/cumm having a S.D of ±

1149. Platelet counts for the normal persons are in the range 1.7 to 3.0

lakh/cumm with a mean value of 2.61 lakh/cumm having a S.D of ±

0.80. ESR values for the normal persons are in the range 10 to 45 mm

with a mean value of 21 mm having a S.D of ± 12.

Table 4.1.1. Data on Hemoglobin (Hb) of Normal persons

Code Age Hb (g/dl)NB07 19 14.8NB08 20 14.0NB10 19 14.1NB12 24 15.0NB17 22 15.0NB19 25 15.1NB20 19 12.1NB21 26 13.4NB22 20 8.6NB23 25 15.5NB33 20 15.3

Mean 13.9S.D ± 2.02

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Table 4.1.2. Data on RBC of Normal persons

Code Age RBC(mill/cumm)

NB07 19 5.39NB08 20 4.96NB10 19 4.64NB12 24 4.91NB17 22 4.61NB19 25 5.10NB20 19 4.73NB21 26 5.00NB22 20 5.01NB23 25 5.04NB33 20 4.63

Mean 4.91S.D ± 0.24

Table 4.1.3. Data on WBC of Normal persons

Code Age WBC(cell/cumm)

NB07 19 8200NB08 20 5900NB10 19 6200NB12 24 5000NB17 22 6700NB19 25 5900NB20 19 5700NB21 26 8700NB22 20 5500NB23 25 5500NB33 20 6500

Mean 6345S.D ± 1149

170

Table 4.1.4. Data on Platelets of Normal persons

Code Age Platelet(Lakh/Cumm

NB07 19 2.94NB08 20 1.96NB10 19 3.00NB12 24 2.26NB17 22 2.42NB19 25 2.58NB20 19 2.09NB21 26 2.95NB22 20 4.66NB23 25 2.17NB33 20 1.70

2.61± 0.80

Table 4.1.5. Data on ESR of Normal persons

Code Age ESR(mm)

NB07 19 20NB08 20 12NB10 19 15NB12 24 10NB17 22 25NB19 25 35NB20 19 45NB21 26 40NB22 20 23NB23 25 10NB33 20 20

Mean 21S.D ± 12

171

Table 4.2. reveals size of erythrocytes (RBC) of normal persons.

The size of erythrocytes is in the range 7.35 μm to 8.58 μm with a mean

value of 7.96 μm having a S.D of ± 0.39.

Table 4.2. Data on size of erythrocytes (RBC) of Normal persons

Code Age d (μm)NB07 19 7.35NB08 20 7.72NB10 19 8.13NB12 24 7.72NB17 22 8.58NB19 25 7.72NB20 19 8.13NB21 26 7.72NB22 20 7.72NB23 25 8.58NB33 20 8.17

Mean 7.96S.D ± 0.39

Tables 4.3.1. to 4.3.3. present the data on viscosity, surface

tension and volume flow rate of blood and plasma of normal persons.

Viscosity of blood for normal persons is in the range 0.046 to

0.083 poise with a mean value of 0.065 poise having a S.D of ± 0.014.

Viscosity of plasma for normal persons is in the range 0.020 to 0.026

poise with a mean value of 0.024 poise having a S.D of ± 0.002.

Surface tension of blood for normal persons is in the range 47.75

to 58.96 dyn/cm with a mean value of 52.67 dyn/cm having a S.D of ±

4.62. Surface tension of plasma for normal persons is in the range 43.98

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5.039.

Volume flow rate of blood for normal persons is in the range 4.01

to 7.22 cc/sec with a mean value of 5.35 cc/sec having a S.D of ± 1.12.

Volume flow rate of plasma for normal persons is in the range 11.62 to

16.67 cc/sec with a mean value of 13.90 cc/sec having a S.D of ± 1.40.

Table 4.3.1. Data on Viscosity (η) of blood and plasma of Normalpersons

Diameter of capillary tube: 0.051 cm

Code Age η (poise)

Blood plasmaNB07 19 0.058 0.026NB08 20 0.056 0.020NB10 19 0.059 0.025NB12 24 0.046 0.023NB17 22 0.084 0.029NB19 25 0.075 0.025NB20 19 0.072 0.023NB21 26 0.079 0.026NB22 20 0.050 0.022NB23 25 0.083 0.025NB33 20 0.054 0.022

Mean 0.065 0.024S.D ± 0.014 ± 0.002

173

Table 4.3.2. Data on Surface tension (T) of blood and plasma

of Normal persons


Code Age T (dyn/cm)

Blood PlasmaNB07 19 48.46 58.91NB08 20 48.82 61.42NB10 19 58.96 59.51NB12 24 53.42 53.20NB17 22 47.98 43.98NB19 25 55.83 52.69NB20 19 59.32 60.19NB21 26 47.75 54.50NB22 20 56.53 56.58NB23 25 47.91 51.01NB33 20 54.36 56.64

Mean 52.67 55.33S.D ± 4.62 ± 5.039

Table 4.3.3. Data on Volume flow rate (Q) of blood and plasma ofNormal persons


Code Age Q (cc/sec)


Mean 5.35 13.90S.D ± 1.12 ± 1.40

174

Table 4.4. shows data on refractive index of plasma of normal

persons is in the range 1.345 to 1.349 having a mean value of 1.347 and

S.D of ± 0.002.

Table 4.4. Data on Refractive index (μ) of plasma of Normal persons

Code Age μNB07 19 1.350NB08 20 1.347NB10 19 1.349NB12 24 1.345NB17 22 1.346NB19 25 1.347NB20 19 1.347NB21 26 1.349NB22 20 1.346NB23 25 1.346NB33 20 1.348

Mean 1.347S.D ± 0.002

Table 4.5. gives the data on the pH value of blood and plasma of

normal persons.

The pH of blood for normal persons is in the range 7.208 to 7.546

with a mean value of 7.36 having a S.D of ± 0.208. The pH of plasma for

normal persons is in the range 7.152 to 7.695 with a mean value of

7.375 having a S.D of ± 0.222.

Table 4.6. shows the data on the electrical conductivity of blood

and plasma of normal persons. The electrical conductivity of blood for

normal persons is in the range 3.186 to 4.815 mS with a mean value of

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3.931 mS having a S.D of ± 0.523. The electrical conductivity of plasma

for normal persons is in the range 6.004 to 8.095 mS with a mean value

of 7.712 mS having a S.D of ± 0.584.

Table 4.7. shows the data on the dielectrophoretic collection

rate(DCR) and excess permittivity (Ke) of erythrocytes of normal persons.

The DCR of erythrocytes for normal persons is in the range 70 to 100

μm/min with a mean value of 83.5 μm/min having a S.D of ± 8.18.

The excess permittivity is in the range 1.62 to 3.30 with a mean

value of 2.32 having a S.D of ± 0.44.

Table 4.5. Data on pH of blood and plasma of Normal persons

Code Age pH


Mean 7.360 7.375S.D ± 0.208 ± 0.222

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Table 4.6. Data on Electrical conductivity (σ) of blood and plasma ofNormal persons

Code Age σ (mS)


Mean 3.931 7.712S.D ± 0.523 ± 0.584

Table 4.7. Data on dielectrophoretic collection rate (DCR) andexcess permittivity (Ke) of erythrocytes of Normal persons

Frequency : 1 MHz Applied voltage:40 volts

Code Age DCR(μm/min) Ke

N1 35 90 2.67N2 42 80 2.11N3 49 85 2.38N4 33 80 2.11N5 26 70 1.62N6 29 80 2.11N7 35 80 2.11N8 42 90 2.67N9 20 100 3.30N10 36 80 2.11

Mean 83.5 2.32S.D ± 8.18 ± 0.44

177

Tables 4.8.1. to 4.8.14. reveal the data on different clinical parameters

of the cancer patients before and after radiation treatment. The data is

collected on Hb, RBC, WBC, platelets, ESR, size of erythrocytes,

viscosity, surface tension and volume flow rate of blood and plasma,

refractive index of plasma, pH of blood and plasma, electrical

conductivity of blood and plasma and dielectrophoretic collection rate

(DCR) and excess permittivity (Ke) of erythrocytes of cancer patients.

Tables 4.8.1. to 4.8.5. show data on hemoglobin (Hb) content, RBC,

WBC, platelet counts and ESR values of cancer patients before and after

radiation treatment (RT).

Table 4.8.1. shows data on Hb in the range 4 to 15.3 g/dl with a mean

value of 11.2 g/dl having a S.D of ± 2.0. The data also shows the

particulars of Hb content after radiation treatment. The value ranges

from 7 to 15.8 g/dl with a mean value of 10.9 g/dl having a S.D of ± 1.9.

The data of the cancer patients reveal a fall in the Hb content

compared to normal persons (i.e., 13.9 g/dl) before commencing the

radiation treatment.

After completion of radiation treatment, there is a further fall in

the mean value of Hb content when compared to the mean value of the

same before radiation treatment. This can be verified by the above

mentioned mean values.

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Table 4.8.2. reveals data on RBC counts of cancer patients before and

after radiation treatment. It shows a range of 2.49 to 5.33

millions/cumm with a mean value of 4.03 millions/cumm having a S.D

of ± 0.57.

The RBC counts after radiation treatment are in the range 2.21 to

5.61 millions/cumm with a mean value of 3.93 millions/cumm having a

S.D of ± 0.6.

The data shows a decrease in RBC counts of cancer patients

compared to normal persons as the mean value of RBC counts for

normal persons is 4.91 millions/cumm and that of cancer patients is

4.03 millions/cumm.

There is further fall in the mean value of RBC counts after

radiation treatment when compared with commencement of the radiation

treatment.

Table 4.8.3. presents data on WBC of cancer patients before radiation

treatment (RT). The values are in the range 3100 to 18800 cells/cumm

with a mean value of 8946 cells/cumm having a S.D of ± 3475.

WBC counts in the cancer patients after RT are in the range 2200

to 17700 cells/cumm with a mean value of 5908 cells/cumm having a

S.D of ± 2603. Comparitively there is an increase in the WBC counts of

cancer patients which is shown by the collected data.

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It is noticed that there is a fall in the mean value of WBC counts

after RT.

Table 4.8.4. presents a data on platelet counts of cancer patients before

and after radiation treatment (RT). The value is in the range 1.52 to 6.22

lakh/cumm with a mean value of 2.96 lakh/cumm having a S.D of

±1.10.

The table also presents the data on platelet counts of cancer

patients after the radiation treatment which is in the range 1.36 to 4.70

lakh/cumm with a mean value of 2.46 lakh/cumm having a S.D of ± 0.9.

The data shows an increase in the platelet counts in the cancer

patients compared with that of normal persons (i.e.,2.61 lakh/cumm). It

shows a decrease in the mean value of platelet counts after RT.

Table 4.8.5. presents data on Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

before and after RT. The value of ESR before RT is in the range 20 to 110

mm with a mean value of 64.31 mm having a S.D of ± 24.27.

The value of ESR after RT is in the range 3 to 135 mm with a mean

value of 56.5 mm having a S.D of ± 28.65.

The data shows there is a drastic increase in the mean value of

ESR when compared with that of normal persons (i.e., 21 mm) before RT.

But there is a fall in the mean value of ESR after RT.

180

Table 4.8.1. Data on Hemoglobin (Hb) of cancer patients

Code Age Sex Type Stage Hb (g/dl)BeforeRT

AfterRT

CBM132 19 M ALL III 9.0 7.0CBM05 13 M ALL IV 8.3 8.3CBM130 56 M ALL IV 9.8 12.9CBF26 48 F ANALCANAL IV 9.2 10.4CBM11 65 M BLADDER III 7.3 8.7CBF74 8 F BRAIN III 11.5 14.2CBF100 9 F BRAIN III 12.0 11.9CBF37 55 F BREAST I 10.9 11.7CBF04 38 F BREAST III 11.7 10.5CBF09 58 F BREAST III 12.2 12.6CBF144 35 F BREAST IV 11.3 11.9CBF131 54 F CERVIX I 11.2 10.4CBF02 45 F CERVIX I 12.4 10.6CBF03 45 F CERVIX II 10.5 9.2CBF15 60 F CERVIX II 12.3 11.9CBF25 40 F CERVIX II 11.2 11.2CBF27 50 F CERVIX II 11.5 10.6CBF54 55 F CERVIX II 11.7 12.2CBF57 35 F CERVIX II 10.6 11.0CBF78 38 F CERVIX II 9.3 9.3CBF81 65 F CERVIX II 10.2 9.7CBF82 45 F CERVIX II 13.5 12.1CBF101 70 F CERVIX II 9.5 9.3CBF106 47 F CERVIX II 12.6 10.3CBF141 33 F CERVIX II 4.0 3.3CBF06 65 F CERVIX III 10.5 9.7CBF29 55 F CERVIX III 12.6 12.3CBF35 70 F CERVIX III 8.8 8.6CBF36 50 F CERVIX III 12.7 12.4CBF41 50 F CERVIX III 12.8 9.7CBF47 55 F CERVIX III 12.9 11.3CBF48 50 F CERVIX III 12.7 11.9CBF102 40 F CERVIX III 13.4 13.0CBF108 55 F CERVIX III 13.4 11.3CBF111 65 F CERVIX III 12.2 8.7CBF116 40 F CERVIX III 11.5 10.6CBF119 35 F CERVIX III 8.7 9.5CBF120 58 F CERVIX III 10.7 11.3

181

CBF123 40 F CERVIX III 11.2 10.2CBF128 48 F CERVIX III 11.9 10.9CBF133 48 F CERVIX III 9.0 8.5CBF143 54 F CERVIX III 14.2 12.1CBF145 45 F CERVIX III 12.6 9.9CBF42 34 F CERVIX IV 13.2 12.6CBF75 42 F CERVIX IV 8.9 8.4CBM13 39 M H&N I 11.9 12.4CBM18 33 M H&N I 10.2 10.7CBF104 40 F H&N I 9.9 9.8CBF58 40 F H&N II 12.4 12.2CBF83 70 F H&N II 10.0 12.0CBF01 60 F H&N III 12.7 12.7CBM53 65 M H&N III 13.7 13.0CBM76 70 M H&N III 9.0 10.9CBM80 65 M H&N III 11.7 13.7CBM87 70 M H&N III 12.1 13.2CBM88 65 M H&N III 15.3 15.8CBF137 60 F H&N III 10.0 9.6CBM16 64 M H&N IV 13.3 12.0CBM28 60 M H&N IV 10.7 10.2CBF46 38 F H&N IV 11.7 9.6CBM79 55 M H&N IV 13.1 9.9CBM114 56 M H&N IV 14.6 13.2CBM149 50 M KIDNEY II 9.8 10.9CBM40 50 M LUNG III 11.9 11.0CBM69 60 M LUNG IV 8.8 8.8CBM93 65 M LUNG IV 9.5 9.4CBM24 48 M OESOPHAGUS I 9.4 9.7CBF73 40 F OESOPHAGUS II 7.7 8.2CBF51 60 F OESOPHAGUS III 13.0 12.9CBM115 39 M PENIS III 14.9 12.9CBF30 60 F VAGINA II 12.2 12.3CBF118 46 F VAGINA II 11.3 11.1

Mean 11.2 10.9S.D ± 2.0 ± 1.9

RT Radiation Treatment for Cancer patients

182

Table 4.8.2. Data on RBC of cancer patients

Code Age Sex Type StageRBC

(mill/cumm)BeforeRT

AfterRT

CBM132 19 M ALL III 2.85 2.21CBM05 13 M ALL IV 2.49 2.42CBM130 56 M ALL IV 3.68 4.54CBF26 48 F ANALCANAL IV 3.21 3.88CBM11 65 M BLADDER III 3.32 3.75CBF74 8 F BRAIN III 4.01 4.85CBF100 9 F BRAIN III 4.37 4.27CBF37 55 F BREAST I 3.61 3.81CBF04 38 F BREAST III 3.67 3.33CBF09 58 F BREAST III 4.29 4.34CBF144 35 F BREAST IV 4.05 4.15CBF131 54 F CERVIX I 4.10 4.14CBF02 45 F CERVIX I 4.79 3.96CBF03 45 F CERVIX II 4.66 4.25CBF15 60 F CERVIX II 4.22 3.84CBF25 40 F CERVIX II 3.88 3.74CBF27 50 F CERVIX II 4.45 3.89CBF54 55 F CERVIX II 4.23 4.20CBF57 35 F CERVIX II 3.02 3.57CBF78 38 F CERVIX II 3.98 4.48CBF81 65 F CERVIX II 3.85 3.67CBF82 45 F CERVIX II 4.85 4.50CBF101 70 F CERVIX II 4.18 3.99CBF106 47 F CERVIX II 4.77 4.00CBF141 33 F CERVIX II 2.65 2.26CBF06 65 F CERVIX III 3.60 3.31CBF29 55 F CERVIX III 4.45 4.29CBF35 70 F CERVIX III 3.60 3.69CBF36 50 F CERVIX III 4.20 4.04CBF41 50 F CERVIX III 4.32 3.43CBF47 55 F CERVIX III 4.27 3.67CBF48 50 F CERVIX III 4.68 4.40CBF102 40 F CERVIX III 4.34 4.20CBF108 55 F CERVIX III 4.30 3.73CBF111 65 F CERVIX III 4.16 3.58CBF116 40 F CERVIX III 4.03 4.27CBF119 35 F CERVIX III 3.91 4.34CBF120 58 F CERVIX III 3.89 4.15CBF123 40 F CERVIX III 4.13 3.67

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CBF128 48 F CERVIX III 4.26 3.74CBF133 48 F CERVIX III 3.34 3.11CBF143 54 F CERVIX III 4.88 3.96CBF145 45 F CERVIX III 4.35 3.34CBF42 34 F CERVIX IV 4.31 4.08CBF75 42 F CERVIX IV 3.91 3.86CBM13 39 M H&N I 4.32 4.36CBM18 33 M H&N I 4.53 4.64CBF104 40 F H&N I 3.60 3.70CBF58 40 F H&N II 4.06 4.04CBF83 70 F H&N II 3.58 3.95CBF01 60 F H&N III 4.15 4.29CBM53 65 M H&N III 4.37 4.25CBM76 70 M H&N III 3.20 3.76CBM80 65 M H&N III 3.81 4.59CBM87 70 M H&N III 4.07 4.55CBM88 65 M H&N III 5.14 5.50CBF137 60 F H&N III 4.02 3.84CBM16 64 M H&N IV 4.12 3.75CBM28 60 M H&N IV 3.51 3.22CBF46 38 F H&N IV 3.96 3.35CBM79 55 M H&N IV 4.07 3.06CBM114 56 M H&N IV 5.11 4.75CBM149 50 M KIDNEY II 3.63 4.17CBM40 50 M LUNG III 4.66 4.22CBM69 60 M LUNG IV 4.14 3.86CBM93 65 M LUNG IV 3.41 3.53CBM24 48 M OESOPHAGUS I 2.74 2.98CBF73 40 F OESOPHAGUS II 3.45 3.51CBF51 60 F OESOPHAGUS III 4.42 4.30CBM115 39 M PENIS III 5.33 5.61CBF30 60 F VAGINA II 4.09 4.08CBF118 46 F VAGINA II 4.45 4.41

Mean 4.03 3.93

S.D ± 0.57 ± 0.60


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Table 4.8.3. Data on WBC of cancer patients

Code Age Sex Type StageWBC

(cells/cumm)BeforeRT

AfterRT

CBM132 19 M ALL III 11100 5200CBM05 13 M ALL IV 5700 3200CBM130 56 M ALL IV 10100 16900CBF26 48 F ANALCANAL IV 16900 7000CBM11 65 M BLADDER III 9700 7000CBF74 8 F BRAIN III 8000 7500CBF100 9 F BRAIN III 7200 7800CBF37 55 F BREAST I 8100 4900CBF04 38 F BREAST III 11100 5300CBF09 58 F BREAST III 6900 5300CBF144 35 F BREAST IV 7100 5600CBF131 54 F CERVIX I 7700 4300CBF02 45 F CERVIX I 11700 5100CBF03 45 F CERVIX II 6500 3700CBF15 60 F CERVIX II 8300 7000CBF25 40 F CERVIX II 10400 4300CBF27 50 F CERVIX II 7600 3800CBF54 55 F CERVIX II 6900 3000CBF57 35 F CERVIX II 4900 5300CBF78 38 F CERVIX II 7200 4500CBF81 65 F CERVIX II 5600 4600CBF82 45 F CERVIX II 7400 4400CBF101 70 F CERVIX II 6300 4800CBF106 47 F CERVIX II 11900 2200CBF141 33 F CERVIX II 3200 8000CBF06 65 F CERVIX III 10000 17700CBF29 55 F CERVIX III 13200 9000CBF35 70 F CERVIX III 10700 8300CBF36 50 F CERVIX III 14700 5400CBF41 50 F CERVIX III 11000 5400CBF47 55 F CERVIX III 9400 8100CBF48 50 F CERVIX III 9200 3800CBF102 40 F CERVIX III 10500 6400CBF108 55 F CERVIX III 7700 3800CBF111 65 F CERVIX III 13900 6600CBF116 40 F CERVIX III 7500 3400CBF119 35 F CERVIX III 13300 4700CBF120 58 F CERVIX III 8900 6000CBF123 40 F CERVIX III 7600 4600

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CBF128 48 F CERVIX III 6800 8000CBF133 48 F CERVIX III 8600 3500CBF143 54 F CERVIX III 13600 7100CBF145 45 F CERVIX III 9300 4700CBF42 34 F CERVIX IV 7500 3600CBF75 42 F CERVIX IV 10400 9100CBM13 39 M H&N I 6000 4800CBM18 33 M H&N I 9900 8600CBF104 40 F H&N I 18100 4200CBF58 40 F H&N II 5200 6200CBF83 70 F H&N II 8000 3800CBF01 60 F H&N III 8200 4700CBM53 65 M H&N III 4000 3500CBM76 70 M H&N III 3400 5100CBM80 65 M H&N III 9900 9000CBM87 70 M H&N III 6100 4800CBM88 65 M H&N III 8700 5800CBF137 60 F H&N III 8300 5900CBM16 64 M H&N IV 5800 6500CBM28 60 M H&N IV 6500 3600CBF46 38 F H&N IV 10100 4900CBM79 55 M H&N IV 8300 4600CBM114 56 M H&N IV 18800 6200CBM149 50 M KIDNEY II 14600 8000CBM40 50 M LUNG III 18000 11300CBM69 60 M LUNG IV 10600 6100CBM93 65 M LUNG IV 7300 5300CBM24 48 M OESOPHAGUS I 3100 3700CBF73 40 F OESOPHAGUS II 2600 5000CBF51 60 F OESOPHAGUS III 12200 6600CBM115 39 M PENIS III 6400 5000CBF30 60 F VAGINA II 6100 5800CBF118 46 F VAGINA II 6600 6500

Mean 8946 5908

S.D ± 3475 ± 2603


186

Table 4.8.4. Data on Platelets of cancer patients

Code Age Sex Type StagePlatelet

(lakh/cumm)Before RT After RT

CBM132 19 M ALL III 6.14 1.43CBM05 13 M ALL IV 3.78 1.78CBM130 56 M ALL IV 6.22 3.49CBF26 48 F ANALCANAL IV 2.94 1.64CBM11 65 M BLADDER III 4.25 2.18CBF74 8 F BRAIN III 4.46 4.15CBF100 9 F BRAIN III 2.98 2.91CBF37 55 F BREAST I 2.36 1.57CBF04 38 F BREAST III 1.80 2.49CBF09 58 F BREAST III 4.43 2.50CBF144 35 F BREAST IV 2.32 2.61CBF131 54 F CERVIX I 2.97 2.66CBF02 45 F CERVIX I 1.61 1.50CBF03 45 F CERVIX II 2.33 2.84CBF15 60 F CERVIX II 1.74 1.80CBF25 40 F CERVIX II 3.60 3.28CBF27 50 F CERVIX II 3.20 2.48CBF54 55 F CERVIX II 2.06 1.82CBF57 35 F CERVIX II 2.14 1.66CBF78 38 F CERVIX II 4.94 3.07CBF81 65 F CERVIX II 3.13 2.96CBF82 45 F CERVIX II 2.01 1.80CBF101 70 F CERVIX II 5.00 3.73CBF106 47 F CERVIX II 2.21 1.50CBF141 33 F CERVIX II 1.89 2.35CBF06 65 F CERVIX III 4.67 7.13CBF29 55 F CERVIX III 2.92 2.99CBF35 70 F CERVIX III 3.95 3.72CBF36 50 F CERVIX III 2.81 2.06CBF41 50 F CERVIX III 3.24 2.43CBF47 55 F CERVIX III 2.09 1.36CBF48 50 F CERVIX III 2.88 1.86CBF102 40 F CERVIX III 2.39 2.10CBF108 55 F CERVIX III 1.79 2.30CBF111 65 F CERVIX III 4.01 2.87CBF116 40 F CERVIX III 3.29 3.10CBF119 35 F CERVIX III 3.96 3.44CBF120 58 F CERVIX III 3.38 3.21CBF123 40 F CERVIX III 2.91 3.15CBF128 48 F CERVIX III 1.93 2.27

187

CBF133 48 F CERVIX III 3.23 1.68CBF143 54 F CERVIX III 5.64 2.22CBF145 45 F CERVIX III 1.83 2.36CBF42 34 F CERVIX IV 2.30 1.65CBF75 42 F CERVIX IV 3.16 2.28CBM13 39 M H&N I 2.63 2.45CBM18 33 M H&N I 3.79 4.70CBF104 40 F H&N I 3.22 1.80CBF58 40 F H&N II 3.08 2.27CBF83 70 F H&N II 2.36 1.25CBF01 60 F H&N III 2.81 3.00CBM53 65 M H&N III 1.52 1.63CBM76 70 M H&N III 1.60 1.81CBM80 65 M H&N III 2.68 2.37CBM87 70 M H&N III 2.53 3.50CBM88 65 M H&N III 1.79 1.60CBF137 60 F H&N III 1.80 2.85CBM16 64 M H&N IV 3.44 2.81CBM28 60 M H&N IV 1.83 1.80CBF46 38 F H&N IV 3.40 2.83CBM79 55 M H&N IV 2.61 1.86CBM114 56 M H&N IV 2.13 2.65CBM149 50 M KIDNEY II 2.33 2.20CBM40 50 M LUNG III 2.01 1.50CBM69 60 M LUNG IV 5.09 1.81CBM93 65 M LUNG IV 3.83 1.66CBM24 48 M OESOPHAGUS I 2.66 3.00CBF73 40 F OESOPHAGUS II 1.82 2.12CBF51 60 F OESOPHAGUS III 2.67 2.24CBM115 39 M PENIS III 2.21 2.14CBF30 60 F VAGINA II 1.75 2.03CBF118 46 F VAGINA II 2.42 2.95

Mean 2.96 2.46

S.D ± 1.10 ± 0.90


188

Table 4.8.5. Data on ESR of cancer patients

Code Age Sex Type Stage ESR (mm)BeforeRT

AfterRT

CBM132 19 M ALL III 100 20CBM05 13 M ALL IV 55 30CBM130 56 M ALL IV 95 30CBF26 48 F ANALCANAL IV 55 70CBM11 65 M BLADDER III 95 95CBF74 8 F BRAIN III 35 30CBF100 9 F BRAIN III 80 40CBF37 55 F BREAST I 55 30CBF04 38 F BREAST III 95 80CBF09 58 F BREAST III 75 3CBF144 35 F BREAST IV 90 35CBF131 54 F CERVIX I 90 55CBF02 45 F CERVIX I 90 24CBF03 45 F CERVIX II 80 75CBF15 60 F CERVIX II 75 52CBF25 40 F CERVIX II 50 40CBF27 50 F CERVIX II 40 50CBF54 55 F CERVIX II 50 50CBF57 35 F CERVIX II 85 35CBF78 38 F CERVIX II 60 50CBF81 65 F CERVIX II 35 70CBF82 45 F CERVIX II 30 60CBF101 70 F CERVIX II 50 30CBF106 47 F CERVIX II 40 30CBF141 33 F CERVIX II 40 55CBF06 65 F CERVIX III 65 70CBF29 55 F CERVIX III 50 90CBF35 70 F CERVIX III 95 95CBF36 50 F CERVIX III 60 75CBF41 50 F CERVIX III 75 40CBF47 55 F CERVIX III 70 80CBF48 50 F CERVIX III 75 40CBF102 40 F CERVIX III 70 75CBF108 55 F CERVIX III 45 95CBF111 65 F CERVIX III 90 95CBF116 40 F CERVIX III 65 85CBF119 35 F CERVIX III 95 95CBF120 58 F CERVIX III 45 80CBF123 40 F CERVIX III 40 80CBF128 48 F CERVIX III 80 70

189

CBF133 48 F CERVIX III 95 30CBF143 54 F CERVIX III 40 45CBF145 45 F CERVIX III 60 40CBF42 34 F CERVIX IV 20 10CBF75 42 F CERVIX IV 95 90CBM13 39 M H&N I 55 30CBM18 33 M H&N I 25 20CBF104 40 F H&N I 95 95CBF58 40 F H&N II 40 90CBF83 70 F H&N II 45 10CBF01 60 F H&N III 85 35CBM53 65 M H&N III 55 60CBM76 70 M H&N III 95 50CBM80 65 M H&N III 80 30CBM87 70 M H&N III 40 25CBM88 65 M H&N III 25 65CBF137 60 F H&N III 60 60CBM16 64 M H&N IV 95 24CBM28 60 M H&N IV 45 30CBF46 38 F H&N IV 85 70CBM79 55 M H&N IV 65 135CBM114 56 M H&N IV 30 90CBM149 50 M KIDNEY II 70 35CBM40 50 M LUNG III 35 65CBM69 60 M LUNG IV 90 60CBM93 65 M LUNG IV 95 110CBM24 48 M OESOPHAGUS I 110 90CBF73 40 F OESOPHAGUS II 65 110CBF51 60 F OESOPHAGUS III 90 55CBM115 39 M PENIS III 20 20CBF30 60 F VAGINA II 25 70CBF118 46 F VAGINA II 35 15

Mean 64.3156.50

S.D ± 24.27±28.65


190

Table 4.9. gives the data on size of erythrocytes before and after

RT. The values of size of erythrocytes before RT in cancer patients are in

the range 7.02 to 11.03 μm with a mean value of 9.09 μm having a S.D

of ± 0.81.

The size of erythrocytes after RT is in the range 7.72 to 10.29 μm

with a mean value of 8.65 μm having a S.D of ± 0.59.

It is observed that there is an increase in the mean value of size of

erythrocytes before RT compared with that of normal persons (i.e., 7.96

μm). But there is a fall in the mean value of the size of RBC after RT.

191

Table 4.9. Data on size of erythrocytes (RBC) of cancer patients

Code Age Sex Type Stage d (μm)BeforeRT

AfterRT

CBM132 19 M ALL III 11.03 9.65CBM05 13 M ALL IV 9.53 9.08CBM130 56 M ALL IV 8.82 8.58CBF26 48 F ANALCANAL IV 9.08 8.58CBM11 65 M BLADDER III 9.08 8.82CBF74 8 F BRAIN III 9.65 7.72CBF100 9 F BRAIN III 8.58 8.21CBF37 55 F BREAST I 8.82 9.08CBF04 38 F BREAST III 8.13 8.82CBF09 58 F BREAST III 8.35 8.58CBF144 35 F BREAST IV 8.35 8.13CBF131 54 F CERVIX I 9.65 9.08CBF02 45 F CERVIX I 7.92 8.13CBF03 45 F CERVIX II 8.58 7.72CBF15 60 F CERVIX II 8.02 8.82CBF25 40 F CERVIX II 8.48 8.13CBF27 50 F CERVIX II 8.48 7.72CBF54 55 F CERVIX II 8.58 8.58CBF57 35 F CERVIX II 9.65 10.29CBF78 38 F CERVIX II 11.03 8.58CBF81 65 F CERVIX II 8.70 9.08CBF82 45 F CERVIX II 11.03 8.58CBF101 70 F CERVIX II 9.65 8.04CBF106 47 F CERVIX II 7.72 9.08CBF141 33 F CERVIX II 7.02 7.35CBF06 65 F CERVIX III 9.77 8.58CBF29 55 F CERVIX III 8.13 7.72CBF35 70 F CERVIX III 9.65 9.08CBF36 50 F CERVIX III 9.08 8.82CBF41 50 F CERVIX III 8.58 8.35CBF47 55 F CERVIX III 8.58 8.08CBF48 50 F CERVIX III 8.70 8.13CBF102 40 F CERVIX III 8.58 8.58CBF108 55 F CERVIX III 9.65 8.13CBF111 65 F CERVIX III 8.58 9.19CBF116 40 F CERVIX III 9.65 9.08CBF119 35 F CERVIX III 9.65 9.08CBF120 58 F CERVIX III 9.65 9.08CBF123 40 F CERVIX III 8.70 8.35CBF128 48 F CERVIX III 9.65 8.67

192

CBF133 48 F CERVIX III 11.03 9.22CBF143 54 F CERVIX III 8.13 8.98CBF145 45 F CERVIX III 8.13 8.98CBF42 34 F CERVIX IV 9.65 8.30CBF75 42 F CERVIX IV 8.58 7.72CBM13 39 M H&N I 8.13 7.72CBM18 33 M H&N I 9.14 8.58CBF104 40 F H&N I 9.65 8.58CBF58 40 F H&N II 9.65 8.58CBF83 70 F H&N II 9.65 9.08CBF01 60 F H&N III 7.96 8.13CBM53 65 M H&N III 9.65 8.58CBM76 70 M H&N III 9.65 9.08CBM80 65 M H&N III 8.58 8.58CBM87 70 M H&N III 9.65 8.82CBM88 65 M H&N III 9.65 8.58CBF137 60 F H&N III 9.65 8.13CBM16 64 M H&N IV 8.77 8.98CBM28 60 M H&N IV 8.35 8.58CBF46 38 F H&N IV 9.65 9.65CBM79 55 M H&N IV 8.58 8.13CBM114 56 M H&N IV 8.58 7.92CBM149 50 M KIDNEY II 9.08 9.36CBM40 50 M LUNG III 9.65 8.82CBM69 60 M LUNG IV 9.65 9.65CBM93 65 M LUNG IV 9.65 10.29CBM24 48 M OESOPHAGUS I 10.29 9.22CBF73 40 F OESOPHAGUS II 9.65 9.65CBF51 60 F OESOPHAGUS III 8.58 8.35CBM115 39 M PENIS III 8.58 8.13CBF30 60 F VAGINA II 8.58 8.58CBF118 46 F VAGINA II 9.65 8.58

Mean 9.09 8.65

S.D ± 0.81 ±0.59


193

Tables 4.10.1. to 4.10.3 reveal the data collected on viscosity (η),

surface tension (T) and volume flow rate (Q) of blood and plasma of

cancer patients before and after RT.

Table 4.10.1. presents data on viscosity (η) of blood and plasma of

cancer patients. The viscosity of blood before RT is in the range 0.052 to

0.101 poise with a mean value of 0.067 poise having a S.D of ± 0.012.

The viscosity of the blood after RT is in the range 0.047 to 0.111


It is observed that there is a slight decrease in the mean value of

viscosity of blood before RT compared with that of normal persons (i.e.,

0.065 poise).

But there is a raise in the mean value of viscosity of blood after RT.

The table also presents viscosity (η) of plasma values before and

after RT. The viscosity of plasma before RT is in the range 0.022 to 0.030


The viscosity of the plasma after RT is in the range 0.022 to 0.027


It is observed that there is an increase in the mean value of

viscosity of plasma before RT compared with that of normal persons (i.e.,

0.024 poise).

194

But there is a slight decrease in the mean value of viscosity of

plasma after RT compared with before RT. On the whole, both the mean

values of viscosity of plasma show slight increase than the normal

persons.

Table 4.10.2. presents data on surface tension (T) of blood and plasma

of cancer patients. The surface tension of blood before RT is in the range

42.14 to 55.74 dyn/cm with a mean value of 49.59 dyn/cm having a S.D

of ± 4.85.

The surface tension of the blood after RT is in the range 35.16 to

60.48 dyn/cm with a mean value of 53.41 dyn/cm having a S.D of ±

6.23.

It is observed that there is a slight decrease in the mean value of

surface tension of blood before RT compared with that of normal persons

(52.67 dyn/cm). But there is a raise in the mean value of surface tension

of blood after RT.

The table also presents surface tension of plasma values before

and after RT. The surface tension of plasma before RT is in the range 42


4.16.

The viscosity of the plasma after RT is in the range 39.83 to 64.42

dyn/cm with a mean value of 53.43 dyn/cm having a S.D of ± 5.07.

195

It is observed that the mean value of surface tension of plasma

show a fall before RT compared with that of normal persons (i.e., 55.33

dyn/cm).

But there is a slight increase in the mean value of surface tension

of plasma after RT compared with before RT.

Table 4.10.3. presents data on volume flow rate (Q) of blood and

plasma of cancer patients. The volume flow rate of blood before RT is in

the range 3.32 to 6.46 cc/sec with a mean value of 5.16 cc/sec having a

S.D of ± 0.82.

The volume flow rate of the blood after RT is in the range 3.01 to

7.28 cc/sec with a mean value of 4.97 cc/sec having a S.D of ± 1.27.

It is observed that there is a decrease in the mean value of volume

flow rate of blood before RT compared with that of normal persons (i.e.,

5.35 cc/sec) and the volume flow rate of blood showed further fall after

RT.

The table also presents volume flow rate of plasma values before

and after RT. The volume flow rate of plasma before RT is in the range

10.39 to 15.15 cc/sec with a mean value of 12.48 cc/sec having a S.D of

± 1.40. The volume flow rate of the plasma after RT is in the range 11.58

to 15.27 cc/sec with a mean value of 12.98 cc/sec having a S.D of ±

1.11.

196

It is observed that the mean value of volume flow rate of plasma

show a fall before RT compared with that of normal persons (13.90

cc/sec). But there is a slight increase in the mean value of volume flow

rate of plasma after RT.

197

Table 4.10.1. Data on Viscosity (η) of blood and plasma of cancerpatients

Code Age Sex Type of cancer Stage η (poise)Blood

η (poise)Plasma

BeforeRT

AfterRT

BeforeRT

AfterRT

CBM05 13 M ALL IV 0.052 0.053 0.027 0.022CBF26 48 F ANALCANAL IV 0.062 0.111 0.022 0.026CBM11 65 M BLADDER III 0.059 0.046 0.028 0.024CBF04 38 F BREAST III 0.064 0.083 0.030 0.027CBF09 58 F BREAST III 0.062 0.060 0.030 0.029CBF02 45 F CERVIX I 0.059 0.048 0.029 0.027CBF03 45 F CERVIX II 0.084 0.065 0.027 0.025CBF15 60 F CERVIX II 0.060 0.076 0.026 0.026CBF25 40 F CERVIX II 0.056 0.074 0.024 0.025CBF27 50 F CERVIX II 0.057 0.047 0.026 0.022CBF06 65 F CERVIX III 0.053 0.061 0.031 0.029CBF29 55 F CERVIX III 0.072 0.086 0.025 0.029CBM13 39 M H&N I 0.063 0.061 0.026 0.022CBM18 33 M H&N I 0.073 0.090 0.030 0.026CBF01 60 F H&N III 0.101 0.079 0.031 0.028CBM16 64 M H&N IV 0.077 0.076 0.032 0.026CBM28 60 M H&N IV 0.061 0.064 0.022 0.026CBM24 48 M OESOPHAGUS I 0.076 0.088 0.024 0.028CBF30 60 F VAGINA II 0.074 0.082 0.025 0.027

Mean 0.067 0.071 0.027 0.026

S.D±0.012

±0.017

±0.003

±0.002

198

Table 4.10.2. Data on Surface tension (T) of blood and plasma

of cancer patients

Code Age Sex Type of cancer Stage T (dyn/cm)Blood

T (dyn/cm)Plasma

BeforeRT

AfterRT

BeforeRT

AfterRT


Mean 49.59 53.41 50.77 53.43

S.D±4.85

±6.23

±4.16

±5.07


199

Table 4.10.3. Data on Volume flow rate (Q) of blood and plasma

of cancer patients

Code Age Sex Type of cancer Stage Q (cc/sec)Blood

Q (cc/sec)Plasma

BeforeRT

AfterRT

BeforeRT

AfterRT


Mean 5.16 4.97 12.48 12.98

S.D±0.82

±1.27

±1.40

±1.11


200

Table 4.11. presents data on refractive index (μ) of plasma of cancer

patients. The refractive index of plasma before RT is in the range 1.342 to

1.355 with a mean value of 1.347 having a S.D of ± 0.003.

The refractive index of plasma after RT is in the range 1.346 to

1.349 with a mean value of 1.346 having a S.D of ± 0.001.

It is observed that the mean value of refractive index of plasma for

the cancer patients before and after RT do not vary much from that of

normal persons (i.e., 1.347).

201

Table 4.11. Data on Refractive index (μ) of plasma of cancer patients

Code Age Sex Type of cancer Stage μ

BeforeRT

AfterRT

CBM05 13 M ALL IV 1.346 1.346CBF26 48 F ANALCANAL IV 1.342 1.346CBM11 65 M BLADDER III 1.347 1.346CBF04 38 F BREAST III 1.355 1.349CBF09 58 F BREAST III 1.349 1.347CBF02 45 F CERVIX I 1.352 1.347CBF03 45 F CERVIX II 1.351 1.347CBF15 60 F CERVIX II 1.347 1.346CBF25 40 F CERVIX II 1.346 1.347CBF27 50 F CERVIX II 1.347 1.345CBF06 65 F CERVIX III 1.349 1.347CBF29 55 F CERVIX III 1.347 1.346CBM13 39 M H&N I 1.347 1.346CBM18 33 M H&N I 1.348 1.347CBF01 60 F H&N III 1.347 1.347CBM16 64 M H&N IV 1.345 1.346CBM28 60 M H&N IV 1.346 1.344CBM24 48 M OESOPHAGUS I 1.345 1.346CBF30 60 F VAGINA II 1.346 1.344

Mean 1.347 1.346

S.D ± 0.003 ± 0.001


202

Table 4.12. presents data on pH of blood and plasma of cancer patients.

The pH values of blood before RT are in the range 6.902 to 7.693 with a

mean value of 7.240 having a S.D of ± 0.162.

The pH values of blood after RT are in the range 6.734 to 7.985

with a mean value of 7.127 having a S.D of ± 0.153.

It is observed that there is a decrease in the mean value of pH of

blood before RT compared with that of normal persons (i.e., 7.360) and

the pH of blood showed further fall after RT.

The table also presents pH values of plasma before and after RT.

The pH of plasma before RT is in the range 6.800 to 7.684 with a mean

value of 7.192 having a S.D of ± 0.238.

The pH of the plasma after RT is in the range 6.760 to 8.378 with a

mean value of 7.137 having a S.D of ± 0.335.

It is observed that the mean value of pH of plasma show a fall

compared with that of normal persons (i.e., 7.375).

There is a further decrease in the mean value of pH of plasma after

RT.

203

Table 4.12. Data on pH of Blood and Plasma of cancer patients

Code Age Sex Type of cancer Stage pHBlood

pHPlasma

BeforeRT

AfterRT

BeforeRT

AfterRT


Mean 7.240 7.127 7.192 7.137

S.D±0.162

±0.153

±0.238

±0.335


204

Table 4.13. presents data on electrical conductivity (σ) of blood and

plasma of cancer patients. The electrical conductivity values of blood

before RT are in the range 2.773 to 4.300 mS with a mean value of

3.434 mS having a S.D of ± 0.466.

The electrical conductivity values of blood after RT are in the range

2.365 to 4.283 mS with a mean value of 3.450 mS having a S.D of ±

0.534.

It is observed that there is a decrease in the mean value of

electrical conductivity of blood before RT compared with that of normal

persons (i.e., 3.931 mS).

It shows a slight increase after RT when compared with the mean

value of electrical conductivity before RT.

This table also presents the electrical conductivity of plasma values

before and after RT.

The electrical conductivity of plasma before RT is in the range

7.201 to 8.070 mS with a mean value of 7.609 mS having a S.D of ±

0.254. The electrical conductivity of the plasma after RT is in the range

6.755 to 8.041 mS with a mean value of 7.651 having a S.D of ± 0.375.

It is observed that the mean value of electrical conductivity of plasma

show an increase before RT compared with that of normal persons (i.e.,

7.712 mS).

205

There is a further increase in the mean value of electrical

conductivity of plasma after RT.

Table 4.13. Data on Electrical conductivity (σ) of Blood and Plasma

of cancer patients

Code Age Sex Type of cancer Stage σ (mS)Blood

σ (mS)Plasma

BeforeRT

AfterRT

BeforeRT

AfterRT


Mean 3.434 3.450 7.609 7.651

S.D±0.466

±0.534

±0.254

±0.375


206

Table 4.14. presents data on dielectrophoretic collection rate (DCR) and

excess permittivity of erythrocytes of cancer patients.

The DCR values of erythrocytes are in the range 100 to 170

um/min with a mean value of 119.2 um/min having a S.D of ± 20.84.

The excess permittivity values of erythrocytes are in the range of

3.3 to 9.53 with a mean value of 4.81 having a S.D of ± 1.75.

It is observed that there is an increase in the mean value of DCR

of erythrocytes compared with that of normal persons (i.e., 83.5

μm/min). This table also presents the excess permittivity of erythrocyte

values of cancer patients.

The excess permittivity of erythrocytes is in the range 3.32 to 9.53

with a mean value of 4.81 having a S.D of ± 1.75. It is observed that the

mean value of excess permittivity of erythrocytes show an increase

compared with that of normal persons (i.e., 2.32).

207

Table 4.14. Data on dielectrophoretic collection rate (DCR) andexcess permittivity (Ke) of erythrocytes of Cancer patients

Code Age Sex Type ofcancer

Stage DCR(μm/min)

Ke

CBL1 14 F ALL III 120 4.75CBL2 21 M ALL III 130 5.57CBL3 15 M ALL IV 170 9.53CBR1 45 F BREAST I 110 3.99CBR2 41 F BREAST III 100 3.3CBR3 50 F BREAST III 112 4.14CLI1 34 F LIVER II 115 4.36CLI2 47 M LIVER III 130 5.57CCX1 49 F CERVIX III 100 3.3CCX2 53 F CERVIX III 105 3.63

Mean 119.2 4.81S.D ± 20.84 ± 1.75

Tables 4.15.1. to 4.15.5. reveal data on percentage variation in Hb

content, RBC, WBC, Platelet counts and ESR values. This data is

collected from different types of cancer patients suffering from leukemia,

anal, bladder, brain, breast, cervix, Head & neck, kidney, lung,

oesophagus, penis and vagina.

The data is compared with the mean values of normal persons and

before and after RT. The data presents percentage of variation between

the mean values of normal and cancer patients and also before and after

radiation treatment (RT) for cancer patients.

Table 4.15.1. presents percentage variation in Hemoglobin content for

72 cancer patients and 11 normal persons.

208

The data shows a mean value of 13.9 g/dl for normal persons and

a mean value in the range 7.3 to 14.9 g/dl for all cancer patients before

RT and a mean value, 7 to 13.1 g/dl after RT.

The percentage of variation observed in the Hb content in most

cases showed a significant (negative) change when compared with the

mean values of normal and cancer patients.

But in the case of cancer patients in between before and after RT,

negative variation is observed between their mean values in less number

of cases. This is observed by percentage of variation with a range -47.5 to

7.2 in between normal persons and cancer patients and a range -22.5 to

19.2 in between cancer patients before and after RT.

Table 4.15.2. presents percentage variation in RBC counts for 72 cancer

patients and 11 normal persons.

The data shows a mean value of 4.91million/cumm for normal

persons and a mean value with a range 2.74 to 5.33 million/cumm for

all cancer patients before RT and a mean value, 2.21 to 5.61

million/cumm after RT.

The percentage of variation observed in the RBC counts in most

cases showed a significant (negative) variation when compared with the

mean values of normal and cancer patients. But in the case of cancer

209

patients before and after RT, negative variation is observed between their

mean values in less number of cases.

This is observed by percentage of variation with a range -44.2 to

8.5 in between normal persons and cancer patients and a range -22.5 to


Table 4.15.3 presents percentage variation in WBC counts for 72 cancer


The data shows a mean value of 6345 cells/cumm for normal

persons and a mean value with a range 3100 to 18000 cells/cumm for

all cancer patients before RT and a mean value, 3700 to 11300

cells/cumm after RT.

The percentage of variation observed in the WBC counts in most

cases showed a significant (positive) variation when compared with the


But in the case of cancer patients before and after RT, negative

variation is observed between their mean values in most of the cases.

This is observed by percentage of variation with a range -59 to

183.7 between normal persons and cancer patients and a range -58.6 to


210

Table 4.15.4. presents percentage variation in platelet counts for

72 cancer patients and 11 normal persons. The data shows a mean value

of 2.61 lakh/cumm for normal persons and a mean value with a range

1.82 to 6.14 lakh/cumm for all cancer patients before RT and a mean

value, 1.43 to 3.53 lakh/cumm after RT.

The percentage of variation observed in platelet counts in most

cases showed a significant (positive) variation when compared with the


patients before and after RT, negative variation is observed between their

mean values in most of the cases.


135.1 between normal persons and cancer patients and a range -76.7

to 19.1 in between cancer patients before and after RT.

Table 4.15.5. presents percentage variation in ESR values for 72 cancer


The data shows a mean value of 21 mm for normal persons and a

mean value with a range 20 to 110 mm for all cancer patients before RT

and a mean value, 20 to 110 mm after RT.

The percentage of variation observed in ESR values in most cases

showed a significant (positive) variation when compared with the mean

values of normal and cancer patients.

211


variation is observed between their mean values in majority of the cases.

This is observed by percentage of variation with a range -4.8 to 376.2

between normal persons and cancer patients and a range -80 to 85.7 in

between cancer patients before and after RT.

4.15.1. Percentage variation in Hemoglobin content

Type Stage Normal Cancer%Variation

BeforeRT

AfterRT

%Variation

ALL III 13.9 9.0 -35.0 9.0 7.0 -22.5IV 13.9 9.1 -34.9 9.1 10.6 17.1

ANAL CANAL IV 13.9 9.2 -33.8 9.2 10.4 13.0BLADDER III 13.9 7.3 -47.5 7.3 8.7 19.2BRAIN III 13.9 11.8 -15.5 11.8 13.1 11.5BREAST I 13.9 10.9 -21.6 10.9 11.7 7.3

III 13.9 12.0 -14.0 12.0 11.6 -2.9IV 13.9 11.3 -18.7 11.3 11.9 5.3

CERVIX I 13.9 11.8 -15.1 11.8 10.5 -11.0II 13.9 10.6 -23.9 10.6 10.0 -5.5III 13.9 11.8 -15.4 11.8 10.7 -9.0IV 13.9 11.1 -20.5 11.1 10.5 -5.0

HEAD&NECK I 13.9 10.7 -23.0 10.7 11.0 2.8II 13.9 11.2 -19.4 11.2 12.1 8.0III 13.9 12.1 -13.2 12.1 12.7 5.2IV 13.9 12.7 -8.8 12.7 11.0 -13.2

KIDNEY II 13.9 9.8 -29.5 9.8 10.9 11.2LUNG III 13.9 11.9 -14.4 11.9 11.0 -7.6

IV 13.9 9.2 -34.2 9.2 9.1 -0.5OESOPHAGUS I 13.9 9.4 -32.4 9.4 9.7 3.2

II 13.9 7.7 -44.6 7.7 8.2 6.5III 13.9 13.0 -6.5 13.0 12.9 -0.8

PENIS III 13.9 14.9 7.2 14.9 12.9 -13.4VAGINA II 13.9 11.8 -15.5 11.8 11.7 -0.4


212

4.15.2. Percentage variation in RBC counts


BeforeRT

AfterRT

%Variation

ALL III 4.91 2.85 -42.0 2.85 2.21 -22.5IV 4.91 3.09 -37.1 3.09 3.48 12.6

ANAL CANAL IV 4.91 3.21 -34.6 3.21 3.88 20.9BLADDER III 4.91 3.32 -32.4 3.32 3.75 13.0BRAIN III 4.91 4.20 -14.7 4.20 4.60 8.8BREAST I 4.91 3.61 -26.5 3.61 3.81 5.5

III 4.91 3.98 -19.0 3.98 3.84 -3.5IV 4.91 4.05 -17.5 4.05 4.15 2.5

CERVIX I 4.91 4.45 -9.4 4.45 4.05 -9.0II 4.91 4.06 -17.3 4.06 3.90 -3.9III 4.91 4.15 -15.5 4.15 3.83 -7.7IV 4.91 4.11 -16.3 4.11 3.97 -3.4

HEAD&NECK I 4.91 4.15 -15.5 4.15 4.23 1.9II 4.91 3.82 -22.2 3.82 4.00 4.7III 4.91 4.11 -16.3 4.11 4.40 7.1IV 4.91 4.15 -15.5 4.15 3.63 -12.5

KIDNEY II 4.91 3.63 -26.1 3.63 4.17 14.9LUNG III 4.91 4.66 -5.1 4.66 4.22 -9.4

IV 4.91 3.78 -23.0 3.78 3.70 -2.1OESOPHAGUS I 4.91 2.74 -44.2 2.74 2.98 8.8

II 4.91 3.45 -29.7 3.45 3.51 1.7III 4.91 4.42 -10.0 4.42 4.30 -2.7

PENIS III 4.91 5.33 8.5 5.33 5.61 5.3VAGINA II 4.91 4.27 -13.1 4.27 4.25 -0.5


213

4.15.3. Percentage variation in WBC counts


BeforeRT

AfterRT

%Variation

ALL III 6345 11100 74.9 11100 5200 -53.2IV 6345 7900 24.5 7900 10050 27.2

ANAL CANAL IV 6345 16900 166.4 16900 7000 -58.6BLADDER III 6345 9700 52.9 9700 7000 -27.8BRAIN III 6345 7600 19.8 7600 7650 0.7BREAST I 6345 8100 27.7 8100 4900 -39.5

III 6345 9000 41.8 9000 5300 -41.1IV 6345 7100 11.9 7100 5600 -21.1

CERVIX I 6345 9700 52.9 9700 6150 -36.6II 6345 7183 13.2 7183 4392 -38.9III 6345 10328 62.8 10328 6472 -37.3IV 6345 8950 41.1 8950 6350 -29.1

HEAD&NECK I 6345 11333 78.6 11333 5867 -48.2II 6345 6600 4.0 6600 5000 -24.2III 6345 6943 9.4 6943 5543 -20.2IV 6345 9900 56.0 9900 5160 -47.9

KIDNEY II 6345 14600 130.1 14600 8000 -45.2LUNG III 6345 18000 183.7 18000 11300 -37.2

IV 6345 8950 41.1 8950 5700 -36.3OESOPHAGUS I 6345 3100 -51.1 3100 3700 19.4

II 6345 2600 -59.0 2600 5000 92.3III 6345 12200 92.3 12200 6600 -45.9

PENIS III 6345 6400 0.9 6400 5000 -21.9VAGINA II 6345 6350 0.1 6350 6150 -3.1


214

4.15.4. Percentage variation in PLATELET counts


BeforeRT

AfterRT

%Variation

ALL III 2.61 6.14 135.1 6.14 1.43 -76.7IV 2.61 5.00 91.4 5.00 2.64 -47.3

ANAL CANAL IV 2.61 2.94 12.6 2.94 1.64 -44.2BLADDER III 2.61 4.25 62.7 4.25 2.18 -48.7BRAIN III 2.61 3.72 42.4 3.72 3.53 -5.1BREAST I 2.61 2.36 -9.6 2.36 1.57 -33.5

III 2.61 3.12 19.5 3.12 2.50 -20.0IV 2.61 2.32 -11.2 2.32 2.61 12.5

CERVIX I 2.61 2.29 -12.3 2.29 2.08 -9.2II 2.61 2.85 9.1 2.85 2.44 -14.4III 2.61 3.16 21.0 3.16 2.79 -11.7IV 2.61 2.73 4.5 2.73 1.97 -27.8

HEAD&NECK I 2.61 3.21 22.9 3.21 2.98 -7.2II 2.61 2.72 4.1 2.72 1.76 -35.3III 2.61 2.10 -19.6 2.10 2.39 13.8IV 2.61 2.68 2.6 2.68 2.39 -10.8

KIDNEY II 2.61 2.33 -10.8 2.33 2.20 -5.6LUNG III 2.61 2.01 -23.0 2.01 1.50 -25.4

IV 2.61 4.46 70.8 4.46 1.74 -61.0OESOPHAGUS I 2.61 2.66 1.8 2.66 3.00 12.8

II 2.61 1.82 -30.3 1.82 2.12 16.5III 2.61 2.67 2.2 2.67 2.24 -16.1

PENIS III 2.61 2.21 -15.4 2.21 2.14 -3.2VAGINA II 2.61 2.09 -20.0 2.09 2.49 19.1


215

4.15.5. Percentage variation in ESR values


BeforeRT

AfterRT

%Variation

ALL III 21 100 376.2 100 20 -80.0IV 21 75 257.1 75 30 -60.0

ANAL CANAL IV 21 55 161.9 55 70 27.3BLADDER III 21 95 352.4 95 95 0.0BRAIN III 21 58 173.8 58 35 -39.1BREAST I 21 55 161.9 55 30 -45.5

III 21 85 304.8 85 42 -51.2IV 21 90 328.6 90 35 -61.1

CERVIX I 21 90 328.6 90 40 -56.1II 21 53 152.0 53 50 -6.0III 21 68 221.4 68 71 5.3IV 21 58 173.8 58 50 -13.0

HEAD&NECK I 21 58 177.8 58 48 -17.2II 21 43 102.4 43 50 17.6III 21 63 199.3 63 46 -26.2IV 21 64 204.8 64 70 9.1

KIDNEY II 21 70 233.3 70 35 -50.0LUNG III 21 35 66.7 35 65 85.7

IV 21 93 340.5 93 50 -45.9OESOPHAGUS I 21 110 423.8 110 90 -18.2

II 21 65 209.5 65 110 69.2III 21 90 328.6 90 55 -38.9

PENIS III 21 20 -4.8 20 20 0.0VAGINA II 21 30 42.9 30 43 41.7


Table 4.16. presents percentage variation in size of erythrocytes (RBC)

diameter for 72 cancer patients and 11 normal persons.

The data shows a mean value of 7.96 μm for normal persons and a

mean value with a range 8.24 to 11.03 μm for all cancer patients before

RT and a mean value with a range 7.97 to 9.65 μm after RT.

216

The percentage of variation observed in size of erythrocytes (RBC)

diameter in most cases showed a significant (positive) variation when

compared with the mean values of normal and cancer patients. But in

the case of cancer patients before and after RT, negative variation is

observed between their mean values in majority of the cases.

This is observed by percentage of variation with a range 3.5 to 38.6

between normal persons and cancer patients and a range -12.5 to 5.6 in


217

4.16. Percentage variation in size of RBC diameter


BeforeRT

AfterRT

%Variation

ALL III 7.96 11.03 38.6 11.03 9.65 -12.5IV 7.96 9.18 15.3 9.18 8.83 -3.8

ANAL CANAL IV 7.96 9.08 14.1 9.08 8.58 -5.5BLADDER III 7.96 9.08 14.1 9.08 8.82 -2.9BRAIN III 7.96 9.11 14.5 9.11 7.97 -12.5BREAST I 7.96 8.82 10.9 8.82 9.08 2.9

III 7.96 8.24 3.5 8.24 8.70 5.6IV 7.96 8.35 4.9 8.35 8.13 -2.6

CERVIX I 7.96 8.78 10.4 8.78 8.60 -2.1II 7.96 8.91 12.0 8.91 8.50 -4.6III 7.96 9.10 14.4 9.10 8.67 -4.8IV 7.96 9.11 14.5 9.11 8.01 -12.1

HEAD&NECK I 7.96 8.97 12.7 8.97 8.29 -7.6II 7.96 9.65 21.3 9.65 8.83 -8.5III 7.96 9.26 16.3 9.26 8.56 -7.5IV 7.96 8.78 10.4 8.78 8.65 -1.5

KIDNEY II 7.96 9.08 14.1 9.08 9.36 3.1LUNG III 7.96 9.65 21.3 9.65 8.82 -8.6

IV 7.96 9.65 21.3 9.65 9.97 3.3OESOPHAGUS I 7.96 10.29 29.4 10.29 9.22 -10.5

II 7.96 9.65 21.3 9.65 9.65 0.0III 7.96 8.58 7.8 8.58 8.35 -2.7

PENIS III 7.96 8.58 7.8 8.58 8.13 -5.3VAGINA II 7.96 9.11 14.5 9.11 8.58 -5.9


Tables 4.17.1. to 4.17.3. reveal data on percentage variation in

viscosity, surface tension and volume flow rate of blood and plasma of

normal persons and cancer patients.

218

This data is collected from different types of cancer patients

suffering from leukemia, anal, bladder, breast, cervix, Head & neck,

oesophagus and vagina.

The data is compared with the mean values of normal persons and

before and after RT. The data presents percentage of variation between

the mean values of normal and cancer patients and also before and after

radiation treatment (RT) for cancer patients.

Table 4.17.1. presents two tables containing the percentage variation in

viscosity of blood and the percentage variation in viscosity of plasma for

19 cancer patients and 11 normal persons. T

The data in the first table which contains the percentage of

variation in viscosity of blood, shows a mean value of 0.065 poise for

normal persons and a mean value with a range 0.052 to 0.101 poise for

all cancer patients before RT and a mean value with a range 0.048 to

0.111 poise after RT.

The percentage of variation observed in viscosity of blood in

majority cases showed a negative variation when compared with the


But in the case of cancer patients before and after RT, positive



219

between normal persons and cancer patients and a range -22 to 79 in


The data in the second table (on the same page) which contains the

percentage of variation in viscosity of plasma, shows a mean value of

0.024 poise for normal persons and a mean value with a range 0.022 to

0.031 poise for all cancer patients before RT and a mean value with a

range 0.022 to 0.029 poise after RT.

The percentage of variation observed in viscosity of plasma in

majority cases showed a significant (positive) variation when compared

with the mean values of normal and cancer patients. But in the case of

cancer patients before and after RT, negative variation is observed

between their mean values in majority of the cases.





surface tension of blood and the percentage variation in surface tension

of plasma for 19 cancer patients and 11 normal persons.


variation in surface tension of blood, shows a mean value of 52.67

dyn/cm for normal persons and a mean value with a range 42.75 to

220

55.74 dyn/cm for all cancer patients before RT and a mean value with a

range 45.02 to 59.15 dyn/cm after RT.

The percentage of variation observed in surface tension of blood in









percentage of variation in surface tension of plasma, shows a mean value

of 55.33 dyn/cm for normal persons and a mean value with a range

43.92 to 56.10 dyn/cm for all cancer patients before RT and a mean

value with a range 46.09 to 59.01 after RT.

The percentage of variation observed in surface tension of plasma

in majority cases showed a negative variation when compared with the


patients before and after RT, positive variation is observed between

their mean values in majority of the cases.

221


1.4 between normal persons and cancer patients and a range -5.3 to 21

in between cancer patients before and after RT.


volume flow rate of blood and the percentage variation in volume flow

rate of plasma for 19 cancer patients and 11 normal persons.


variation in volume flow rate of blood, shows a mean value of 5.35 cc/sec

for normal persons and a mean value with a range 3.32 to 6.46 cc/sec

for all cancer patients before RT and a mean value with a range 3.01 to

7.28 after RT.

The percentage of variation observed in volume flow rate of blood in






between normal persons and cancer patients and a range -44.3 to 29.1

in between cancer patients before and after RT.

222


percentage of variation in volume flow rate of plasma, shows a mean

value of 13.90 cc/sec for normal persons and a mean value with a range

10.94 to 15.15 cc/sec for all cancer patients before RT and a mean value

with a range 11.47 to 15.27 cc/sec after RT.

The percentage of variation observed in volume flow rate of plasma

in majority cases showed a negative variation when compared with the







223

4.17.1. Percentage variation in Viscosity of blood and plasma ofcancer patients

Blood

Type Stage Normal Blood%Variation

BeforeRT

AfterRT

%Variation

ALL IV 0.065 0.052 -20.1 0.052 0.053 1.9ANAL CANAL IV 0.065 0.062 -4.8 0.062 0.111 79.0BLADDER III 0.065 0.059 -9.4 0.059 0.046 -22.0BREAST III 0.065 0.063 -3.2 0.063 0.072 13.5CERVIX I 0.065 0.059 -9.4 0.059 0.048 -18.6

II 0.065 0.064 -1.7 0.064 0.066 1.9III 0.065 0.063 -3.1 0.063 0.074 17.6

HEAD&NECK I 0.065 0.068 4.5 0.068 0.076 11.0III 0.065 0.101 55.1 0.101 0.079 -21.8IV 0.065 0.069 6.0 0.069 0.070 1.4

OESOPHAGUS I 0.065 0.076 16.7 0.076 0.088 15.8VAGINA II 0.065 0.074 13.7 0.074 0.082 10.8

Plasma

Type Stage Normal Plasma%Variation

BeforeRT

AfterRT

%Variation

ALL IV 0.024 0.027 11.6 0.027 0.022 -18.5ANAL CANAL IV 0.024 0.022 -9.1 0.022 0.026 18.2BLADDER III 0.024 0.028 15.7 0.028 0.024 -14.3BREAST III 0.024 0.030 24.0 0.030 0.028 -6.7CERVIX I 0.024 0.029 19.8 0.029 0.027 -6.9

II 0.024 0.026 8.3 0.026 0.025 -4.9III 0.024 0.028 16.7 0.028 0.029 3.6

HEAD&NECK I 0.024 0.028 15.7 0.028 0.024 -14.3III 0.024 0.031 29.2 0.031 0.028 -9.7IV 0.024 0.027 12.5 0.027 0.026 -3.7

OESOPHAGUS I 0.0242 0.0240 -0.8 0.0240 0.028 16.7VAGINA II 0.024 0.025 3.3 0.025 0.027 8.0

224

4.17.2. Percentage variation in Surface tension of blood and plasmaof cancer patients

Blood


BeforeRT

AfterRT

%Variation

ALL IV 52.67 42.75 -18.8 42.75 45.02 5.3ANAL CANAL IV 52.67 55.37 5.1 55.37 50.86 -8.1BLADDER III 52.67 52.98 0.6 52.98 54.83 3.5BREAST III 52.67 44.53 -15.5 44.53 51.68 16.1CERVIX I 52.67 48.14 -8.6 48.14 55.46 15.2

II 52.67 50.48 -4.2 50.48 57.46 13.8III 52.67 52.67 0.0 52.67 51.93 -1.4

HEAD&NECK I 52.67 46.42 -11.9 46.42 59.15 27.4III 52.67 45.76 -13.1 45.76 54.81 19.8IV 52.67 50.99 -3.2 50.99 46.38 -9.0

OESOPHAGUS I 52.67 50.32 -4.5 50.32 55.40 10.1VAGINA II 52.67 55.74 5.8 55.74 50.26 -9.8

Plasma


BeforeRT

AfterRT

%Variation

ALL IV 55.33 43.92 -20.6 43.92 51.58 17.4ANAL CANAL IV 55.33 56.10 1.4 56.10 53.3 -5.0BLADDER III 55.33 52.65 -4.8 52.65 57.52 9.2BREAST III 55.33 48.20 -12.9 48.20 46.09 -4.4CERVIX I 55.33 52.61 -4.9 52.61 53.82 2.3

II 55.33 51.86 -6.3 51.86 56.32 8.6III 55.33 50.91 -8.0 50.91 49.71 -2.4

HEAD&NECK I 55.33 45.75 -17.3 45.75 55.37 21.0III 55.33 52.06 -5.9 52.06 49.32 -5.3IV 55.33 51.91 -6.2 51.91 59.01 13.7

OESOPHAGUS I 55.33 54.39 -1.7 54.39 54.17 -0.4VAGINA II 55.33 52.00 -6.0 52.00 49.88 -4.1

225

4.17.3. Percentage variation in Volume flow rate of blood andplasma of cancer patients

Blood


BeforeRT

AfterRT

%Variation

ALL IV 5.35 6.46 20.8 6.46 6.36 -1.5ANAL CANAL IV 5.35 5.40 1.0 5.40 3.01 -44.3BLADDER III 5.35 5.64 5.4 5.64 7.28 29.1BREAST III 5.35 5.33 -0.4 5.33 4.80 -10.0CERVIX I 5.35 5.65 5.6 5.65 7.01 24.1

II 5.35 5.34 -0.2 5.34 5.30 -0.7III 5.35 5.49 2.6 5.49 4.50 -18.0

HEAD&NECK I 5.35 4.95 -7.5 4.95 4.61 -7.0III 5.35 3.32 -37.9 3.32 4.26 28.3IV 5.35 4.92 -8.0 4.92 4.82 -1.9


Plasma


BeforeRT

AfterRT

%Variation

ALL IV 13.90 12.49 -10.1 12.49 15.27 22.3ANAL CANAL IV 13.90 15.15 9.0 15.15 12.99 -14.3BLADDER III 13.90 11.78 -15.2 11.78 13.80 17.1BREAST III 13.90 11.14 -19.8 11.14 12.13 8.9CERVIX I 13.90 11.54 -17.0 11.54 12.42 7.7

II 13.90 13.05 -6.1 13.05 13.70 5.0III 13.90 12.04 -13.4 12.04 11.47 -4.7

HEAD&NECK I 13.90 12.02 -13.5 12.02 13.82 15.0III 13.90 10.94 -21.3 10.94 12.02 9.9IV 13.90 12.72 -8.5 12.72 13.01 2.2


226

Table 4.18. presents the percentage variation in refractive index of

plasma for 19 cancer patients and 11 normal persons.

The data in the table shows a mean value of 1.347 for normal

persons and a mean value with a range 1.342 to 1.352 for all cancer

patients before RT and a mean value with a range 1.344 to 1.348 after

RT.

The percentage of variation observed in refractive index of plasma

in majority cases showed a negligible variation when compared with the

mean values of normal and cancer patients. In the case of cancer

patients before and after RT, a negligible variation is observed between



0.37 in between normal persons and cancer patients and a range -0.37

to 0.30 in between cancer patients before and after RT.

227

4.18. Percentage variation in Refractive index of plasma of cancerpatients

Plasma


BeforeRT

AfterRT

%Variation

ALL IV 1.347 1.346 -0.07 1.346 1.346 0.00ANAL CANAL IV 1.347 1.342 -0.37 1.342 1.346 0.30BLADDER III 1.347 1.347 0.00 1.347 1.346 -0.07BREAST III 1.347 1.352 0.37 1.352 1.348 -0.30CERVIX I 1.347 1.352 0.37 1.352 1.347 -0.37

II 1.347 1.348 0.07 1.348 1.346 -0.11III 1.347 1.348 0.07 1.348 1.347 -0.11

HEAD&NECK I 1.347 1.348 0.07 1.348 1.347 -0.07III 1.347 1.347 0.00 1.347 1.347 0.00IV 1.347 1.346 -0.07 1.346 1.345 -0.04

OESOPHAGUS I 1.347 1.345 -0.15 1.345 1.346 0.07VAGINA II 1.347 1.346 -0.07 1.346 1.344 -0.15

Table 4.19. presents two tables containing the percentage variation in

pH of blood and the percentage variation in pH of plasma for 19 cancer



variation in pH of blood, shows a mean value of 7.360 for normal persons

and a mean value with a range 7.128 to 7.449 for all cancer patients

before RT and a mean value with a range 6.734 to 7.368 after RT.

The percentage of variation observed in pH of blood in majority

cases showed a negative variation when compared with the mean values

of normal and cancer patients. But in the case of cancer patients before

228

and after RT, negative variation is observed between their mean values

in majority of the cases.





percentage of variation in pH of plasma, shows a mean value of 7.375

for normal persons and a mean value with a range 7.039 to 7.648 for all

cancer patients before RT and a mean value with a range 6.760 to 8.378

after RT.

The percentage of variation observed in pH of plasma in majority

cases showed a negative variation when compared with the mean values

of normal and cancer patients.






229

4.19. Percentage variation in pH of blood and plasma of cancerpatients

Blood


BeforeRT

AfterRT

%Variation

ALL IV 7.360 7.147 -2.9 7.147 7.115 -0.4ANAL CANAL IV 7.360 7.140 -3.0 7.140 7.088 -0.7BLADDER III 7.360 7.270 -1.2 7.270 7.331 0.8BREAST III 7.360 7.449 1.2 7.449 7.248 -2.7CERVIX I 7.360 7.280 -1.1 7.280 7.1 -2.5

II 7.360 7.128 -3.1 7.128 7.133 0.1III 7.360 7.211 -2.0 7.211 7.058 -2.1

HEAD&NECK I 7.360 7.238 -1.7 7.238 7.039 -2.7III 7.360 7.321 -0.5 7.321 6.734 -8.0IV 7.360 7.290 -0.9 7.290 7.226 -0.9

OESOPHAGUS I 7.360 7.226 -1.8 7.226 7.368 2.0VAGINA II 7.360 7.293 -0.9 7.293 7.004 -4.0

Plasma


BeforeRT

AfterRT

%Variation

ALL IV 7.375 7.108 -3.6 7.108 7.065 -0.6ANAL CANAL IV 7.375 7.450 1.0 7.450 7.397 -0.7BLADDER III 7.375 7.151 -3.0 7.151 6.950 -2.8BREAST III 7.375 7.373 -0.04 7.373 7.054 -4.3CERVIX I 7.375 7.243 -1.8 7.243 7.317 1.0

II 7.375 7.039 -4.6 7.039 7.041 0.0III 7.375 7.070 -4.1 7.070 7.065 -0.1

HEAD&NECK I 7.375 7.046 -4.5 7.046 7.070 0.3III 7.375 7.182 -2.6 7.182 6.760 -5.9IV 7.375 7.097 -3.8 7.097 7.090 -0.1

OESOPHAGUS I 7.375 7.648 3.7 7.648 8.378 9.5VAGINA II 7.375 7.544 2.3 7.544 7.007 -7.1

230

Table 4.20. presents two tables containing the percentage variation in

electrical conductivity of blood and the percentage variation in electrical

conductivity of plasma for 19 cancer patients and 11 normal persons.


variation in electrical conductivity of blood, shows a mean value of 3.931

for normal persons and a mean value with a range 2.855 to 4.032 for all


after RT.

The percentage of variation observed in electrical conductivity of

blood in majority cases showed a negative variation when compared with

the mean values of normal and cancer patients.


variation is observed between their mean values of the cases.

It is observed that the percentage of variation with a range -27.4

to 12.3 between normal persons and cancer patients and a range -36 to


The data in Table 4.20, which contains the percentage of variation

in electrical conductivity of plasma, shows a mean value of 7.712 for

normal persons and a mean value with a range 7.336 to 8.070 for all


after RT.

231

The percentage of variation observed in electrical conductivity of

plasma in majority cases showed a negative variation when compared

with the mean values of normal and cancer patients. But in the case of

cancer patients before and after RT, positive variation is observed in





232

4.20. Percentage variation in Electrical conductivity of blood andplasma of cancer patients

Blood


BeforeRT

AfterRT

%Variation

ALL IV 3.931 4.032 2.6 4.032 3.517 -12.8ANAL CANAL IV 3.931 3.261 -17.0 3.261 3.197 -2.0BLADDER III 3.931 2.855 -27.4 2.855 4.263 49.3BREAST III 3.931 3.313 -15.7 3.313 3.676 11.0CERVIX I 3.931 3.925 -0.1 3.925 3.680 -6.2

II 3.391 3.484 2.7 3.484 3.409 -2.2III 3.391 2.938 -13.4 2.938 2.999 2.1

HEAD&NECK I 3.931 3.759 -4.4 3.759 3.300 -12.2III 3.391 3.809 12.3 3.809 2.438 -36.0IV 3.391 3.409 0.5 3.409 3.585 5.2

OESOPHAGUS I 3.931 3.238 -17.6 3.238 3.808 17.6VAGINA II 3.931 3.358 -14.6 3.358 3.896 16.0

Plasma


BeforeRT

AfterRT

%Variation

ALL IV 7.712 7.563 -1.9 7.563 8.031 6.2ANAL CANAL IV 7.712 7.618 -1.2 7.618 7.672 0.7BLADDER III 7.712 7.440 -3.5 7.440 7.824 5.2BREAST III 7.712 7.336 -4.9 7.336 7.444 1.5CERVIX I 7.712 7.795 1.1 7.795 7.795 0.0

II 7.712 7.740 0.4 7.740 7.736 -0.1III 7.712 7.425 -3.7 7.425 7.235 -2.6

HEAD&NECK I 7.712 7.641 -0.9 7.641 7.642 0.0III 7.712 7.428 -3.7 7.428 6.755 -9.1IV 7.712 7.489 -2.9 7.489 7.799 4.1

OESOPHAGUS I 7.712 8.070 4.6 8.070 7.911 -2.0VAGINA II 7.712 7.920 2.7 7.920 8.016 1.2

233

Table 4.21. presents percentage variation in dielectrophoretic collection

rate (DCR) and excess permittivity (Ke) of erythrocytes of cancer patients.

for 10 cancer patients and 10 normal persons.

The data in the table shows the mean value for dielectrophoretic

collection rate ( DCR) is 83.5 μm/min for normal persons and a mean

value with a range 110 to 170 μm/min for cancer patients.

The data also presents a mean value for excess permittivity is 2.32

for normal persons and a mean value with a range 3.36 to 9.53 for

cancer patients. The percentage of variation in DCR is observed with a

range 22.8 to 103.6 and for Ke ,with the range 49.6 to 310.8.

It is observed that the DCR and Ke values for cancer patients are

significantly more than the normal persons. The percentage of variation

in DCR and Ke shows an increasing trend.

234

Table 4.21. Percentage variation in dielectrophoretic collection

rate (DCR) and excess permittivity (Ke) of erythrocytes of Cancer

patient

Frequency : 1 MHz Applied voltage:40 volts

Type Stage DCR (μm/min) %

Variation

Ke %Variation

Normal Cancer Normal Cancer

ALL III 83.5 125 49.7 2.32 5.16 122.4

IV 83.5 170 103.6 2.32 9.53 310.8

BREAST I 83.5 110 31.7 2.32 3.99 72.0

III 83.5 106 26.9 2.32 3.72 60.3

LIVER II 83.5 115 37.7 2.32 4.36 87.9

III 83.5 130 55.7 2.32 5.57 140.1

CERVIX III 83.5 102.5 22.8 2.32 3.47 49.6

166shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/2265/11/11...wbc counts for the normal persons are in...

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