uniform resource identifier (uri) uniform resource locator (url) uniform resource name (urn) url...
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Web hosting & domain names
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Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) Uniform Resource Locator (URL) Uniform Resource Name (URN)
URI vs. URL vs. URN
http://danielmiessler.com/study/url_vs_uri/
URL includes the Name of the resource AND how to access it
All URLs are URIs but not vice versa
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www.bbc.co.uk is NOT a URL◦ No resource name◦ No access mechanism
http://www.midfest.org.uk/livestage.html
The above example IS a URL because it includes:◦ Resource name livestage.html◦ Access method http://www.midfest.org.uk
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986 is the URL for RFC3986 which explains URIs in great detail!
So...
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TLD = Top Level Domain e.g.◦ .com◦ .net◦ .uk◦ .fr
IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) runs the ◦ TLD database◦ DNS Root Zone
IANA delegates domain registration
TLDs / DNS / IANA
Country-code TLDs (ccTLDs) e.g. .uk, .fr, .ca, .de, itGeneric TLDs (gTLDs) e.g. .com, .edu, .net
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All devices (hosts) on the Internet have an IP address
e.g. the IP address for the BBC website is212.58.246.93
Domain Name System (DNS)
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Humans can’t remember numbers well Domain Name System allows us to use
alpha-numeric domain names Part of basic PC configuration is to specify IP
address of 1 or more DNS servers Normally provided by your ISP but you can
use others e.g. ◦ OpenDNS (208.67.222.222 and 208.67.220.220)◦ Google (8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4)
Domain Name System (DNS)
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How DNS works
If a domain name is not held in the local cache, the query will be passed along to the next level potentially right up to the Root Servers
This happens for every internet resource you try to access.
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DNS Root Servers
http://www.iana.org/domains/root/servers
Each of these named authorities is actually a network of many servers
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Private, public purpose company◦ Has members rather than shareholders◦ £400 joining fee plus £100 p.a. Subscription
Run the .uk TLD since 1996 Will run .wales and .cymru from 2015 Other .brands e.g. .bbc from 20?? Other services include Dispute Resolution
and WHOIS Nominet delegates most domain
registrations
Nominet
http://www.nominet.org.uk/whoweare/whatwedo
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Domainregistration/hosting
Websitehosting
Domain name / website hosting
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Domain AND web hosting
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Web hosting ONLY
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Virtually any hosting package (even domain only) will include email forwarding to avoid this situation…
Company has a domain namehttp://www.24hrbreakdownandrecoveryservices.co.uk/
BUT gives [email protected] the email address
Email addresses / forwarding
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Choose a Linux Hosting account if you're going to use PHP, Ruby, Perl, Python, or CGI scripting. Our Linux accounts use a MySQL database.
Choose a Windows Hosting account if you're going to use ASP, ASP.NET, or ASP.NET 2.0. Our Windows hosting customers typically use a SQL Server (MS SQL) or Access database.
Windows v. Linux
Source: http://support.godaddy.com/help/article/2520/should-i-choose-a-windows-or-linux-hosting-account
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Depending on technologies used, you can carry out local testing
Websites go “live” when uploaded to a web server.
Often referred to as “publishing” the site Websites are generally uploaded using FTP Some web development tools include a
built-in FTP client
Uploading websites
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Filezilla FTP client
Local files
Remote folders
Remote files
Commands window
Site Manager
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Generally website files & folders are uploaded to public_html (or similar)
Need a default file e.g. index.html Use lower-case for file and folder names
◦ Easier then remembering when you used upper-case
Don’t use spaces in file names◦ Otherwise they show up as %20 in the URL
Folder structures / file names