to identify and define common prefixes used in medical terms
TRANSCRIPT
Commonly used prefixPREFIX MEANING EXAMPLES
a-,an- No, not, without Apnea, aphasia, atrophy, anemia, amenorrhea
ab- Away from abnormal
ana- Up, apart analysis
ante- Before, forward antepartum
anti- against Antibody, antigen, antibiotic
brady- slow bradycardia
dys- Bad, painful, difficult, abnormal
Dyspnea, dysphagia, dysplasia, dysmenorrhea, dysuria
ec out Ectopic pregnancy
urinalysis
TEST NORMAL ABNORMAL
color Light yellow Red (hematuria)
clarity clear Cloudy (infection)
Ph (chemical nature) Slightly acidic Alkaline (infection)
protein Very slight Proteinuria (renal disease)
sugar none Glycosuria (diabetes mellitus)
Types anemia
Aplastic anemia Hemolytic anemia Iron deficiency anemia Pernicious anemia Sickle cell anemia
Contd Commonly used prefix
PREFIX MEANING EXAMPLE
Epi- Above, upon Epidural hematoma, epidermis
Ex- out excision
Extra- outside extrahepatic
Hemi- half hemigastrectomy
Hyper- Excessive, too much, above
Hyperthyroidism, hypertrophy, hypertension, hyperglycemia
Meta- Change, beyond Metastasis, metacarpal
Endo- Within, inner Endoscopy, endocrine glands.
Examples of endoscopies
Arthroscopy Bronchoscopy Colonoscopy Cystoscopy Gastroscopy Proctosigmoidoscopy Mediastinoscopy Sigmoidoscopy hysteroscopy
Major glands and selected hormones
GLAND HORMONES
Adrenal glands Adrenaline (epinephrine)
Ovaries Estrogen, progesterone
Pancreas Insulin
Parathyroid glands Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Testes Testosterone
Thyroid gland Thyroxine
Pituitary gland Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) ,follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ,growth hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Commonly used prefixes
PREFIX MEANING EXAMPLE
Para- Besides, near, along Parathyroid glands, paralysis
Post- After, behind Postpartum, postmortem
Peri- surrounding perianal
Poly- Many, much Polyuria, polydipsia
Quadri- four quadriplegia
Re- back Relapse, remission
Pros- Before, forward Prosthesis
Syn- With, together syndrome
syndromes Acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS) Carpal tunnel syndrome Down syndrome Mitral valve prolapse Toxic shock syndrome