* this is unedited material * table w7.1: rating system of

Table W7.1: Rating system of meta-analysis used in this work

Evaluation sheet meta-analysis syndrome X study-number: author: urnal: year: jotitle: rticle: Corr IF: topic of a study population: control popu lation: Method 0 1 2 3 4 Scoresize of population <50=5 50-99=10 100-149=15 >150= 20 a) study type case repor case-controlled unc trolled ontrolled randomized t on cb) objective no information un cit opera onalized clear inherent expli defined/ ti c) distinctive features of population drop-outs no info > 9% 5% rmation 20% 10-20% 5- < duration of study no information <2 months 2-5 months 5-12 months > 1 year gender o information exclusively men or women >women than men >men than women both sexes nadditional in out sample none descriptive som/psy factors additional info. about 3 controlled formation ab d) Quality of evaluation no ins self modi ionnaire sta questionnaire i + standard quest. symptom trument -made fied quest ndard nterviewInstruments used e) Specificat no info inco mation on abo diagnosis ion of diagnoses rmation mplete infor informati utf) Definition of intervention g) End-point on n soft ortal definiti one criteria hard criteria morbidity m ity Total

* This is unedited material *

Table W7.2: List of Original Papers ed in Metaanalysis of Syndrome

S 281 361 61 280Y 9 1999 994J rnal J Psychosom Re J Clin Psych Med J Clin P ychol Med Acta P chiatr ScandA thor (first only) Adamson Aikens A kens xander

me covered Estrogen therapy in NCCPwomen, postmenopausal

Symptom prevalenc non-cardiac chest pain patients

Avoidance behavior in non-cardiac chest patients

Psy sturbances in patients with NCCP and CAD

S 80 45 28C ntrol population 0 0 0 30

ore population 5 10 5 10Comments Group definition unprecisely Patients with CAD

METHODType of study 1 2 2 3Study aims 4 3 4 2Specification of populationdrop-outs 2 0 2 0Study duration 2 0 0 0Sex 1 4 4 0additional study specifications 1 3 1 4Quality score of instruments 3 3 3 4Choice of psychometric instruments SF-36, Cardiac Health Profile BDI, MI ACQ, BDI, BSQ, FABQ,CDS,

EDUSKID

Specification of diagnoses 4 4 2 4Intervention definition

Endpoint definition 1 1 2 3Overall sum (scoring value) 24 30 25 30

us X

tudy number 3ear 2001 199 1ou s ol s

isy

uThe

Achologic

leal di- e in

tudy population 16ocS


Study number 666 275 1309 463Year 1999 1984 1988 1989Journal Clin Cardiol Psychol Med Q J Med J Psychopathol BehavAuthor (first only) Atienza Bass Bass BeckTheme covered Quality of life of patients with

syndrome XPsychological und social morbidity in patients with NCCP vs. CAD

Anxiety and Panic disorders in chest pain patients

Chest pain: comparison between NCCP, PD and NP

Study population 66 31 24 14 NCCP/ 14 PDControl population 0 53 89 14Score population 10 10 15 5Comments Data not usable Group definition unprecisely Unclear diagnosis of CAD

METHODType of study 2 3 3 3Study aims 2 3 3 3Specification of populationdrop-outs 1 0 4 0Study duration 1 4 2 0Sex 2 3 2 2additional study specifications 2 3 3 3Quality score of instruments 1 4 4 4Choice of psychometric instruments SIS, EPQ HADS, EPQS, FQS BDI, SCL-90, STAI, STAXI




Study number 458 371 372 424Year 1990 1987 1987 1987Journal Behavior Therapy J Anx Dis J Anx Dis J Aff DisAuthor (first only) Beck Beitman Beitman BeitmanTheme covered Panic disorders vs. NCCP

vs. Control groupPanic disorder with or without agoraphoby in NCCP

Panic disorder in atypical or non-anginal chest pain patients

Actual depression in NCCP patients with PC without CAD

Study population 22 NCCP, 26 PD 8 13 9Control population 39 30 17 24Score population 10 5 5 5Comments Group definition unprecisely

METHODType of study 3 3 3 3Study aims 3 3 4 3Specification of populationdrop-outs 1 0 1 0Study duration 0 0 2 0Sex 2 2 2 2additional study specifications 1 3 1 2Quality score of instruments 1 4 4 3Choice of psychometric instruments BDI, SAS, FQ, BSI SAS, BDI, Marks&Mathews

Fear QuestionnaireSAS, BDI, Fear

Questionnaire, BSI




Study number 423 271 272 273Year 1990 1991 1992 1992Journal Can J Psychiatr Int J Psychiatr Med Int J Psychiatr Med Behav Res TherAuthor (first only) Beitman Beitman Beitman BeitmanTheme covered Depression and agoraphobia

in patients with and without panic disorder

Panic disorder in older subjects with chest pain

CO2-reaction in chest-pain patients with normal coronary arteries

PD in families of patients with NCCP and non-fear PD

Study population 94 9 6 48Control population 0 18 5 0Score population 10 5 5 5Comments Group definition unprecisely Group definition unprecisely only frequencies, additional

specifications only at second data acquisition

METHODType of study 2 2 3 2Study aims 2 1 4 3Specification of populationdrop-outs 0 0 0 0Study duration 4 0 0 3Sex 2 2 0 2additional study specifications 3 1 1 1Quality score of instruments 4 4 4 4Choice of psychometric instruments BDI, Zung, SKID, SAS, MFQ,

BSISKID BSI, SAS, SKID, CPI SKID, FISC




Study number 1366 470 268 471Year 1996 1983 1992 1987Journal Brit J Health Psychol Book Int J Psychiatr Med Stress MedicineAuthor (first only) Bennett Beunderman Carter ChannerTheme covered NCCP and CAD comparisons

between symptoms, neurotic traits, vital exhaustion

Myocardial infarction during prodormal and acute phase compared to NCCP-patients

Chest pain in anxious patients Affectivity and angina pectoris

Study population 20 NCCP, 20 CAD 53 50 114Control population 20 53 0 72Score population 10 15 10 20Comments Group definition unprecisely listed only symptoms

METHODType of study 3 3 2 3Study aims 3 3 2 2Specification of populationdrop-outs 0 0 0 0Study duration 0 0 0 0Sex 3 2 3 3additional study specifications 0 1 3 1Quality score of instruments 3 0 4 3Choice of psychometric instruments EPI, PILL, MQ no validated instrument Interview HADS




Study number 427 340 617 433Year 1982 1988 2000 2000Journal Exper Agin Res J Nerv Ment Dis Am J Cardiol PsychosomaticsAuthor (first only) Costa Cormier Cunningham DammenTheme covered Neurotic traits, CAD and chest

pain; longitudinal studyChest pain with unclear cardiac diagnosis

Transzendental meditation in patients with syndrome X

Personality profiles in chest-pain patients

Study population total 123 49 9 72Control population 49 0 117Score population 15 10 5 20Comments 4 groups ECG/pain Group definition unprecisely Group definition unprecisely

METHODType of study 3 3 2 3Study aims 4 4 2 4Specification of populationdrop-outs 0 2 0 1Study duration 4 0 0 0Sex 1 3 1 4additional study specifications 0 3 1 1Quality score of instruments 3 4 1 4Choice of psychometric instruments CMI, Guilford Zimmermann

Temperament SurveyDIS, SCL90, SAS, LES PDQ, SKID, SCL-90, EPQ,

MFQ, ACQ, BSQ, MIA




Study number 473 1025 369 434Year 1993 1997 1996 1982Journal Rev Latinoam Psigol Pain J Behavior Med Exp Aging ResAuthor (first only) Declet Eccleston Eifert EliasTheme covered "Crisis of Intervention

Therapy" in patients with angina pectoris

Attentional activity and somatic awereness in chronic pain patients

Heart-focused anxiety; comparison between heart neurosis patients and normal volunteers

AP with and without CAD(anginal syndrome only)

Study population 40 46 20 25Control population 0 20 58Score population 5 5 5 15Comments Interventionsstudie Comparison with CAD patients

availableGroup definition unprecisely

METHODType of study 3 2 3 2Study aims 3 3 4 4Specification of populationdrop-outs 4 1 2 1Study duration 3 0 0 4Sex 3 2 3 3additional study specifications 1 3 1 4Quality score of instruments 3 3 4 3Choice of psychometric instruments STAI VAS, McGill, PPI, NRS101,

VRS, MSPQ, HADSCAQ, BSQ, Fear

Questionnaire,SCL-90, IAS, Symptom Checklist

MMPI, STAI, Zung Depression Scale, CMI

Specification of diagnoses 2 2 2 4Intervention definition Crisis of Intervention Therapy



Study number 346 430 907 454Year 1998 1997 1996 1998Journal J Psychosom Res Ann Behav Med Depr Anxiety Int J Beh MedAuthor (first only) Fleet Fleet Fraenkel GrossiTheme covered Panic disorder in CAD and

NCCP patientsPanic patients in the emergency room

Cognitive differences in PD, NCCP and CAD

Anxiety and well-being in CAD patients

Study population 441 47 66 CAD / 30 PD 61Control population 0 133 48Score population 20 20 20 10Comments Group definition unprecisely

METHODType of study 3 2 4 2Study aims 4 3 2 4Specification of populationdrop-outs 2 1 0 2Study duration 0 3 0 4Sex 3 3 3 4additional study specifications 4 0 1 4Quality score of instruments 4 4 1 4Choice of psychometric instruments BDI, STAI, BSQ, ACQ, MIA MIA, ACQ, BSQ, STAXI, BDI,

McGill pain questionnaire, Dermatome Pain Map,

Stressful Lifeevents Inventory

STAI, CCS, Mobility Index, Psychol Well-Being Index,

NHP, Chronic Illness Questionnaire, Global Well-

Being Index Specification of diagnoses 4 4 2 2Intervention definition



Study number 970 1338 684 348Year 1991 1995 1993 1997Journal J Clin Epidemiol Pain Int J Cardiol J Clin PsychiatryAuthor (first only) Harris Janssen Juelsgaard KaterndahlTheme covered Gender differences in AP -

differences in prevalence of AP

Aufmerksamkeits- einflüsse und Endorphineinflüsse bei Schmerz

Somatic and social prognosis in patients with AP mit NCCP vs. CAD

QoL und panik-bezogene Arbeitsunfähigkeit bei PD patienten

Study population 2348 15 85 42Control population 2085 15 112 97Score population 20 5 20 15Comments Vergleich Männer zu Frauen Total of 45 NP, 15 in high-dose

naltrexone group not includedGroup definition unprecisely Häufige und seltene PD; 2

Pat. mit KHK. In Auswertung nicht eingeschlossen

METHODType of study 2 4 3 4Study aims 2 4 3 3Specification of populationdrop-outs 4 0 1 0Study duration 0 0 4 0Sex 3 3 3 2additional study specifications 0 0 3 0Quality score of instruments 1 3 1 4Choice of psychometric instruments Rose Questionnaire VAS, SPQ, SCL-90-R, no instruments used self-constructed instruments

Specification of diagnoses 2 2 2 4Intervention definition Medi (Naltrexon 25mg &

Placebo)Endpoint definition 1 1 4 1Overall sum (scoring value) 35 22 44 33


Study number 363 1095 288 307Year 2000 1990 1989 1998Journal J Behav Med Rev Port Cardiol J Psychsom Res PPMPAuthor (first only) Ketterer Klimes Kushner LadwigTheme covered Chest pain and psychosocial

treatment in CAD patientsPsychologische Therapie für Patienten mit atypischen nichtkardialen Brustschmerzen

Predictors for PD in NCCP patients

Psychiatric comorbidity in chest pain patients

Study population 10 18 85 27Control population 11 17 89 50Score population 5 5 20 10Comments Intervention program Therapie vs. keine Th., alles

nicht-kardiale Brustschmerzen

METHODType of study 3 1 3 3Study aims 2 3 3 2Specification of populationdrop-outs 1 1 1 2Study duration 3 0 4 0Sex 3 3 2 3additional study specifications 3 3 1 4Quality score of instruments 3 3 4 4Choice of psychometric instruments SCL90 STAI-T, BDI, SRT SKID, SAS, BDI, MARKS,

BSIQuestion related to helplessness,

10 Items after v. Zerssen, JAS

Specification of diagnoses 4 4 4 4Intervention definition 3-month's interventional

programCognitive-behavioral therapy



Study number 1337 1368 303 301Year 1999 1985 1995 1997Journal Psychosom Med Arch Intern Med Am J Psychiatry PsychosomaticsAuthor (first only) Lautenbacher Lee Lint LumleyTheme covered Pain complaints and pain

sensitivity in depression and panic disorder

Acute chest pain in emergency ward

Comparison of panic attacks with tachycardia

Cardiac ischemia and pain complaints

Study population 13 104 10 34Control population 13 143 63Score population 5 20 5 10Comments dritte Gruppe mit Depression,

nicht eingeschlossen in Auswertung

Group definition unprecisely

METHODType of study 3 2 2 3Study aims 4 2 3 4Specification of populationdrop-outs 1 1 0 1Study duration 0 4 0 0Sex 2 2 1 3additional study specifications 3 2 3 1Quality score of instruments 4 1 0 3Choice of psychometric instruments HAMD, HAM-A, pain

questionnaire (sellf-made) VAS

Instrument to validate pain complaints

subj. rating TAS-20

Specification of diagnoses 4 4 4 2Intervention definition keine



Study number 476 477 299 373Year 1997 1999 1997 1987Journal Psychosomatics Nord J Psychiatry Psychol Med J Anx DisAuthor (first only) Lumley Marusic Mayou MukerjiTheme covered Psychosocial factors in NCCP

during ECG stress-testingAtypical chest pain vs. NP Cognitive behavioral therapy

in NCCP patientsPD symptoms in NCCP vs. CAD

Study population 21 19 NCCP, 76 IHD 20 123Control population 34 76 17 123Score population 10 20 10 20Comments Ischämische Gruppe unklar,

wahrscheinlich KHK eingeschlossen

Group definition unprecisely Therapy vs. no therapy, "refused group"

Group definition unprecisely

METHODType of study 3 3 2 3Study aims 4 4 2 2Specification of populationdrop-outs 1 0 1 0Study duration 0 0 0 4Sex 3 3 2 0additional study specifications 3 1 1 0Quality score of instruments 4 3 4 0Choice of psychometric instruments CES-D, STAXI,

Somatosensory Amplification Scale, Health Orientation

Scale

EPQ BSI, Whitely Index, Disease conviction score,

hyperventilation Score

no instrument used

Specification of diagnoses 0 2 2 2Intervention definition KVT



Study number 312 1336 311 134Year 1993 1989 1994 1998Journal Acta Psychiatr Scand Arch Gen Psychiatry J Psychosom Res J Am Coll CardiolAuthor (first only) Naidoo Nutt Payne PasceriTheme covered CAD vs. left-sided psychogenic

chest painzentrale alpha-2 Sensitivität bei Panikstörung

Chest pain self-management training for CAD patients

Pain sensitivity and behavioral factors in chest pain patients and SYX patients

Study population 30 16 26 16Control population 30 16 22 15Score population 10 5 5 5Comments Unprecise methods

METHODType of study 3 2 3 3Study aims 3 2 3 2Specification of populationdrop-outs 0 1 0 0Study duration 3 0 2 0Sex 1 2 1 2additional study specifications 1 3 4 2Quality score of instruments 3 3 3 3Choice of psychometric instruments BDI, SRSS BDI, IDA, STAI, CES-D, STAXI, STAI binary pain rating yes/no

Specification of diagnoses 2 4 4 2Intervention definition Clonidine infusion Self-managment training



Study number 310 277 344 339Year 1995 1997 1987 1996Journal Psychol Med Psychol Med Psychosom Med J Psychosom ResAuthor (first only) Potts Sanders Schocken SerlieTheme covered Psychological morbidity in

NCCPKVT bei Patienten mit Nichtkardialen Brustschmerzen

Relation of age- and gender-specific effects between anxiety and CAD

NCCP vs. CAD

Study population 64 26 251 67Control population 53 15 122 47Score population 15 5 20 15Comments Group definition unprecisely incomplete statistics (no SD

given)Group definition unprecisely

METHODType of study 3 3 3 3Study aims 2 3 2 3Specification of populationdrop-outs 2 1 0 2Study duration 4 3 4 4Sex 2 2 3 3additional study specifications 1 2 1 1Quality score of instruments 4 4 3 3Choice of psychometric instruments CIS, SCL-90-R, GSI, PST,

PSDI, GAFSBDI, STAI-T, Whitely Index,

SCL-90, SF-36STAI, STPI HADS, GHQ-12, SCL-90,

NQ, MEGAH, HPPQ, FSS, STAI, POMS, MQ

Specification of diagnoses 2 4 2 2Intervention definition keine CBT



Study number 309 8 1156 591Year 1987 1994 1984 1989Journal J Psychosom Res Circulation Psychiatry Res Int J Psychiatry MedAuthor (first only) Roll Rosen Roy-Byrne Roy-ByrneTheme covered Acute chest pain without

organic disease; personality and life-events

Pain sensitivity, comparison between SYX and NP

Normal pain sensitivity in PD Microvascular angina pectoris and pain

Study population 69 29 18 15Control population 32 20 18 15Score population 15 5 5 5Comments Included comparison to CAD

patients

METHODType of study 3 3 3 3Study aims 4 4 2 2Specification of populationdrop-outs 2 0 0 2Study duration 2 3 0 1Sex 3 2 4 2additional study specifications 3 3 4 2Quality score of instruments 4 3 3 4Choice of psychometric instruments EPI binary pain ratings yes/no;

VASSTAXI, Index of Pain-

InsensitivityBDI, STAI, HAM-A, SADS-C,

Self Conciousness Scale

Specification of diagnoses 2 4 2 4Intervention definition Dipyridamol-PET Elektrische Schocks Lactate infusion



Study number 1354 961 967 315Year 1996 2001 1994 1995Journal Cardiologia Psychosom Med J Psychosom Res J Psychosom Res Author (first only) Ruggeri Rutledge Tennant Tew Theme covered Relation of clinical and

psychological variables in SYX

WISE study: psychosocial variables in women with chest pain

Psychological symptoms in chest pain patients

CAD vs. non-specific chest pain

Study population 22 688 387 43Control population 30 0 145 19Score population 10 20 20 10Comments PD (normal thallium) vs. SYX

(current ischemia)Group definition unprecisely

METHODType of study 3 2 3 3Study aims 3 4 2 4Specification of populationdrop-outs 0 0 2 2Study duration 3 0 0 1Sex 2 1 3 3additional study specifications 3 4 1 2Quality score of instruments 3 3 3 3Choice of psychometric instruments BDI, HAM-A, STAXI, STAI,

CGI, Brief Psychiatry Rating Scale, Sheehan Patient Rated

Anxiety Scale

BDI, Cook-Medley Hostility Scale, STAXI

STAXI, Bortner Scale, Depr. Exp. Quest., STAXI, CES-D

HADS, IAS




t

S udy number 314 324 483 352Year 1997 1998 1999 1997Journal Health Psychol J Psychosom Res Psychother Psychosom J Psychosom ResAuthor (first only) Torosian Van Peski Van Peski VertheinTheme covered Silent vs. symptomatic

myocardial infarctionNCCP: medizinisch-psychologische Behandllung

Cognitive behavioral therapy in NCCP

Relation between daily distress and CAD symptoms

Study population 68 813 32 42Control population 34 0 33 0Score population 15 20 10 5Comments CAD patients Medical treatment center

therapy with indication discussion

NCCP confounded with PD CAD patients

METHODType of study 3 2 4 3Study aims 4 3 3 2Specification of populationdrop-outs 1 1 2 2Study duration 0 4 4 3Sex 3 2 0 3additional study specifications 2 2 2 2Quality score of instruments 3 1 4 1Choice of psychometric instruments Toronto Alexithymia Scale

(TAS-20), CES-D, STAXIADIS, Diary, HADS, SF-36

Specification of diagnoses 4 2 4 2Intervention definition Cognitive behavioral therapy



Study number 1362 354 349 357Year 1989 1986 1988 1991Journal J Consult Clin Psychol Psychosom Med Int J Psychiatr Med Int J Psychiatr MedAuthor (first only) Vitaliano Williams Wulsin WulsinTheme covered Chest pain patients with and

without psychiatric comorbidityPsychosocial predictors of anginal pain

Depression and Panic disorder in chest pain patients

Axis 1 disorders in patients with atypical chest pain

Study population 77 382 49Control population 129 0 0 30Score population 20 20 5 5Comments Group definition unprecisely Group definition unprecisely Group definition unprecisely

METHODType of study 2 2 2 2Study aims 4 2 4 3Specification of populationdrop-outs 2 1 5 1Study duration 0 4 1 3Sex 3 0 3 2additional study specifications 1 2 2Quality score of instruments 4 4 3 4Choice of psychometric instruments DIS, WCCL MMPI CES-D, Panic disorder

Rating ScaleCES-D, SKID




ar 1993 2001Journal J Gen Intern Med Am Heart JAuthor (first only) Yingling ZachariaeTheme covered PD and depression in chest

pain patients on emergency ward

Experimental pain

Study population 135 30/ 30Control population 27 30Score population 20 10Comments 4 group comparison

(including SYX vs. PD)Group definition

unprecisely, (patienten with CAD without sign.

stenosis (>50%))METHODType of study 3 3Study aims 4 4Specification of populationdrop-outs 1 2Study duration 1 0Sex 2 2additional study specifications 3 4Quality score of instruments 3Choice of psychometric instruments BDI, SAS, PDSRS VAS, PSS, SRRS, BDI,

STAI, EPQ

Specification of diagnoses 4 4Intervention definition experimental

Endpoint definition 2 1Overall sum (scoring value) 43 30

YeStudy number 1364 1301


Table W7.3: List of Reviews of Syndrome X used in this work

Authors Year Journal Title Key-WordsAlpert, M. A.; Mukerji, V.; Sabeti, M.; Russell, J. L.; Beitman, B. D.

1991 Med Clin North Am Mitral valve prolapse, panic disorder, and chest pain

Anxiety Disorders/*complications Chest Pain/*etiology/psychology Mitral Valve Prolapse/*complications/psychology *Panic

Appels, A.; Kop, W.; Meesters, C.; Markusse, R.; Golombeck, B.; Falger, P.

1994 Editor: Stan Maes, Howard Leventhal Marie Johnston

Vital exhaustion and the acute coronary syndromes

Anxiety Disorders/*complications Chest Pain/*etiology/psychology Mitral Valve Prolapse/*complications/psychology *Panic

Bader, J. P.; Hell, D. 2000 Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr

Psychic pain as a symptom of depression. Phenomenology and neurobiology

Depressive Disorder/ physiopathology/ *psychology Pain/ physiopathology/ *psychology Psychophysiologic Disorders/ physiopathology/ *psychology

Baumgart, D.; Haude, M.; Liu, F.; Ge, J.; Goerge, G.; Erbel, R.

1998 Am Heart J Current concepts of coronary flow reserve for clinical decision making during cardiac catheterization

Blood Flow Velocity Comparative Study Coronary Angiography Coronary Circulation Coronary Disease/*diagnosis/physiopathology Coronary Vessels/*physiopathology *Decision Making Echocardiography, Transesophageal *Heart Catheterization Human Predictive Value

Beitman, B. D.; Mukerji, V.; Kushner, M.; Thomas, A. M.; Russell, J. L.; Logue, M. B.

1991 Med Clin North Am Validating studies for panic disorder in patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries

Anxiety Disorders/complications/*diagnosis/physiopathology Chest Pain/etiology/*psychology *Coronary Angiography Human *Panic

Beitman, B.D.; Al Basha, I. 1992 Annals of Clinical Psychiatry

Panic disorder in patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries: Validating the diagnosis

Beitman, B. D.; Mukerji, V.; Russell, J. L.; Grafting, M.

1993 J Psychiatr Res Panic disorder in cardiology patients: a review of the Missouri Panic/Cardiology Project

Adult Aged Chest Pain/diagnosis/*psychology Coronary Angiography Coronary Disease/diagnosis/*psychology Disability Evaluation Female Follow-Up Studies Human Male Middle Age Neurocirculatory Asthenia/diagnosis/*psychology Panic Disorder/diagnosis/*psycholo

Benjamin, S. B. 1991 Med Clin North Am The relationship between esophageal motility disorders and microvascular angina

Angina Pectoris/*complications/diagnosis/physiopathology Chest Pain/*etiology Coronary Circulation Esophageal Motility Disorders/*complications/diagnosis Human Microcirculation

Editor: Bennett, Paul; Weinman, John; Spurgeon, Peter

1990 Editor: Bennett, Paul; Weinman, John; Spurgeon, Peter

Current developments in health psychology

Angina Pectoris/*complications/diagnosis/physiopathology Chest Pain/*etiology Coronary Circulation Esophageal Motility Disorders/*complications/diagnosis Human Microcirculation

Berthoud, H. R.; Neuhuber, W. L. 2000 Auton Neurosci Functional and chemical anatomy of the afferent vagal system

Animal Chemoreceptors/physiology Human Mechanoreceptors/physiology Neurons, Afferent/*chemistry/*physiology Neurotransmitters/physiology Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. *Vagus Nerve/chemistry/cytology/physiology Visceral Afferents/chem

Carvalho, M.; Carrageta, M. 1990 Rev Port Cardiol X syndrome: review of concepts

*Angina Pectoris/diagnosis/physiopathology/therapy Electrocardiography English Abstract Exercise Test Human Syndrome


Authors Year Journal Title Key-WordsBoucher, B. J. 1998 Br J Nutr Inadequate vitamin D status:

does it contribute to the disorders comprising syndrome 'X'?

Adult Aged Animal Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent/etiology Female Human *Insulin Resistance Male Middle Age *Nutritional Status Pregnancy Seasons Vitamin D Deficiency/*complications

Breier, A.; Charney, D. S.; Heninger, G. R.

1984 Arch Gen Psychiatry Major depression in patients with agoraphobia and panic disorder

Adolescence Adult Age Factors Agoraphobia/*complications/diagnosis/psychology Anxiety Disorders/*complications/diagnosis/psychology Child Depressive Disorder/*complications/diagnosis/psychology *Fear Female Human Longitudinal Studies Male *Panic Phobic Di

Burt, C. W. 1999 Am J Emerg Med Summary statistics for acute cardiac ischemia and chest pain visits to United States EDs, 1995-1996

Adult Age Distribution Aged Angina Pectoris/complications/diagnosis/drug therapy/*epidemiology Caucasoid Race Chest Pain/diagnosis/drug therapy/*epidemiology/etiology Emergency Medical Services/*utilization Female Human Likelihood Functions Male Middle Ag

Cervinka, P.; De Feyter, P. J.; Costa, M.; Sabate, M.; Ligthart, J. M.; S'Tasek, J.; Serrano, P.; van Langenhove, G.

2000 Vnitr Lek Intravascular ultrasound in cardiology

Angioplasty, Transluminal, Percutaneous Coronary Coronary Disease/*diagnosis/*therapy English Abstract Human *Ultrasonography, Interventional

Cianflone, D.; Lanza, G. A.; Maseri, A.

1995 Eur Heart J Microvascular angina in patients with normal coronary arteries and with other ischaemic syndromes

Adenosine/metabolism Angina Pectoris/*etiology/metabolism/physiopathology Coronary Angiography Coronary Arteriosclerosis/complications Coronary Circulation Human Microcirculation Myocardial Ischemia/*complications Receptors, Purinergic P1/metabolism Syndr

Clemmey, PA.; Nicassio, PM. 1997 Journal of Behavioral Medicine

Illness self-schemas in depressed and nondepressed rheumatoid arthritis patients

Analysis of Variance Arthritis, Rheumatoid/*psychology Case-Control Studies Cognitive Science Cross-Sectional Studies Depression/*complications Disability Evaluation Female Human Male Middle Age Multivariate Analysis Pain Measurement Psychological Theory

Cooper, H. M. 1982 Review of Educational Research

Scientific guidelines for conducting integrative research reviews

Costa, P. T., Jr. 1987 Am J Cardiol Influence of the normal personality dimension of neuroticism on chest pain symptoms and coronary artery disease

*Chest Pain Coronary Disease/*etiology/physiopathology *Emotions Human Neurotic Disorders/*complications/physiopathology *Personality

Csef, H. 1985 Z Psychosom Med Psychoanal

Cardiac anxiety syndrome. Etiologic significance of orientation crises and orientation conflicts and their consequences for therapeutic practice

Adaptation, Psychological Adult Arousal Case Report Communication *Conflict (Psychology) Female Hemodynamics Human Life Change Events Male Neurocirculatory Asthenia/*psychology/therapy *Orientation *Psychoanalytic Therapy Psychophysiologic Disorders/psych


Authors Year Journal Title Key-WordsDager, S. R.; Saal, A. K.; Comess, K. A.; Dunner, D. L.

1988 Hospital and Community Psychiatry

Mitral valve prolapse and the anxiety disorders

Denollet, J.; Van Heck, G. L. 2001 J Psychosom Res Psychological risk factors in heart disease: what Type D personality is (not) about

Coronary Disease/*psychology Human Personality/*classification Personality Inventory Risk Factors Sex Factors

Denollet, J. 2000 J Psychosom Res Type D personality. A potential risk factor refined

*Adaptation, Psychological Adult *Affect Aged Comparative Study Coronary Disease/psychology Cross-Cultural Comparison Cultural Characteristics Female France Human Hypertension/*psychology *Inhibition (Psychology) Male Middle Age *Negativism Netherlands *P

Domingo Sagastagoitia, J.; Iriarte, M. M.

1995 Rev Esp Cardiol Hypertensive cardiopathy. Studies on left ventricular hypertrophy

Angina Pectoris/classification/etiology/physiopathology Diastole English Abstract Human Hypertension/classification/*complications/physiopathology Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/classification/*etiology/physiopathology

Douglas, P. S.; Ginsburg, G. S. 1996 N Engl J Med The evaluation of chest pain in women

Angina Pectoris/*etiology Chest Pain/etiology Coronary Disease/complications/*diagnosis/epidemiology Female Human Risk Factors

Eccleston, C.; Crombez, G. 1999 Psychol Bull Pain demands attention: a cognitive-affective model of the interruptive function of pain

*Affect Attention/*physiology Chronic Disease Cognition/*physiology Human Pain/*psychology

Egle, U. T.; Schwab, R.; Porsch, U.; Hoffmann, S. O.

1991 Nervenarzt Is early differentiation of psychogenic from organic pain patients possible? Review of the literature and results of a screening study

Adult Diagnosis, Differential Female Human Life Change Events Male Pain/*diagnosis/etiology/psychology Pain Measurement/*methods Personality Development *Personality Inventory/statistics & numerical data Psychometrics Psychophysiologic Disorders/*diagnosi

Egle, U. T. 1993 Nervenarzt Psychoanalytic concepts of pain. Historical development, current status and empirical evidence

Defense Mechanisms Germany History of Medicine, 19th Cent. History of Medicine, 20th Cent. Human Pain/*history/psychology *Psychoanalytic Theory Psychoanalytic Therapy Psychophysiologic Disorders/*history/psychology

Eifert, G.H.; Zvolensky, M.J.; Lejuez, C.W.

2000 Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice

Heart-focused anxiety and chest pain: A conceptual and clinical review

Epstein, S. E.; Quyyumi, A. A.; Bonow, R. O.

1988 N Engl J Med Myocardial ischemia--silent or symptomatic

Coronary Disease/*diagnosis Human Prognosis

Escobar, J.I.; Swartz, M.; Rubio-Stipec, M.; Manu, P.

1991 Editor: Kirmayer, Laurence J.; Robbins, James M.

Medically unexplained symptoms: Distribution, risk factors, and comorbidity


Authors Year Journal Title Key-WordsFavaro, L.; Caplin, J. L.; Fettiche, J. J.; Dymond, D. S.

1987 Br Heart J Sex differences in exercise induced left ventricular dysfunction in patients with syndrome X

Adult Angina Pectoris/physiopathology Coronary Disease/*physiopathology/radionuclide imaging Coronary Vessels/radionuclide imaging *Exertion Female Heart/*physiopathology Heart Ventricle/physiopathology Human Male Middle Age Sex Factors Stroke Volume Synd

Fleet, R. P.; Dupuis, G.; Marchand, A.; Burelle, D.; Beitman, B. D.

1994 Can J Cardiol Panic disorder, chest pain and coronary artery disease: literature review

Chest Pain/diagnosis/epidemiology/*psychology/therapy Coronary Disease/diagnosis/epidemiology/*psychology/therapy Emergencies Human Panic Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology/*psychology/therapy Prevalence *Psychophysiologic Disorders Risk Factors Support, Non

Fleet, R. P.; Beitman, B. D. 1998 J Psychosom Res Cardiovascular death from panic disorder and panic-like anxiety: a critical review of the literature

Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/*mortality Cause of Death Comorbidity Human Panic Disorder/*epidemiology/mortality Prospective Studies Retrospective Studies Risk Factors

Fleet, R.; Lavoie, K.; Beitman, B. D. 2000 Journal of Psychosomatic Research

Is panic disorder associated with coronary artery disease? A critical review of the literature.

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Foster, G. T.; Vaziri, N. D.; Sassoon, C. S.

2001 Respir Care Respiratory alkalosis Alkalosis, Respiratory/diagnosis/etiology/*physiopathology Anoxia/complications Homeostasis/physiology Human Hyperventilation/complications Lung Diseases/complications Oxygen/therapeutic use Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects Support, U.S. Gov't, Non

Franzen, M. D.; Iverson, G. L.; McCracken, L. M.

1990 Neuropsychol Rev The detection of malingering in neuropsychological assessment

Brain Damage, Chronic/*diagnosis/psychology Human MMPI/statistics & numerical data Malingering/*diagnosis/psychology Neuropsychological Tests/*statistics & numerical data Psychometrics

Fuchs, R. M.; Becker, L. C. 1982 Arch Intern Med Pathogenesis of angina pectoris

Angina Pectoris/*etiology/metabolism/pathology/physiopathology Blood Pressure Coronary Circulation Coronary Vessels/pathology Exertion Heart Rate Human Myocardium/metabolism Oxygen Consumption Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Vasodilation

Fuller, H. D. 1994 Prog Cardiovasc Dis Evaluation of left ventricular function by impedance cardiography: a review

*Cardiography, Impedance Human Stroke Volume/physiology Systole/physiology *Ventricular Function, Left


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Hutchison, S. J.; Poole-Wilson, P. A.; Henderson, A. H.

1989 Q J Med Angina with normal coronary arteries: a review

*Angina Pectoris/radiography Chest Pain/*etiology Coronary Angiography *Coronary Vessels Human

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1995 Am J Cardiol Microvascular angina in systemic hypertension: diagnosis and treatment with enalapril

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Jorna, P. G. 1992 Biol Psychol Spectral analysis of heart rate and psychological state: a review of its validity as a workload index

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Jurkovicova, O.; Cagan 1991 Vnitr Lek The autonomic nervous system and disorders of heart rhythm. II

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Kao, C. H.; Wang, S. J.; Ting, C. T.; Chen, Y. T.

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Aged Electrocardiography Exercise Test Female Heart/*radionuclide imaging Human Male Middle Age Stroke Volume/physiology Syndrome X/diagnosis/*radionuclide imaging Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi/*diagnostic use *Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon V

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Kaski, J. C. 2002 Cardiovasc Res Overview of gender aspects of cardiac syndrome X

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Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use Chronic Disease/epidemiology/*psychology Clinical Trials Comorbidity Depressive Disorder/*diagnosis/drug therapy/epidemiology Human Primary Health Care United States


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randomized trial of consultation-liaison psychiatry trial in distressed high utilizers of primary care

Adult Aged Depressive Disorder/diagnosis/*epidemiology/therapy Evaluation Studies Human Mental Disorders/diagnosis/epidemiology/therapy Middle Age Prevalence Primary Health Care/standards/*utilization Psychiatric Status Rating Scales *Psychiatry Psychophy

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Antioxidants Blood Vessels/drug effects Chromans/pharmacology/therapeutic use Human Hypoglycemic Agents Insulin Resistance Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Syndrome X/*etiology Thiazoles/*pharmacology/therapeutic use Vasodilator Agents

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1996 Can J Cardiol Reversible cardiogenic shock in an angry woman--case report and review of the literature

Anger/*physiology Antiphospholipid Syndrome/complications CREST Syndrome/*complications/diagnosis Case Report Diagnosis, Differential Female Human Middle Age Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis Shock, Cardiogenic/*etiology Stress, Psychological/*complications

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Laederach-Hofmann, K. 1995 Ther Umsch Chronic back ache--a psychosociobiological illness

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Animal Cardiovascular Diseases/*drug therapy/*physiopathology Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects/physiology/*physiopathology English Abstract Human

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2001 Ann N Y Acad Sci Cardiac sympathetic afferent activation provoked by myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Mechanisms and reflexes

Animal Heart/*innervation Myocardial Ischemia/*physiopathology Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/*physiopathology Neurons, Afferent/*physiology Reflex/physiology Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Sympathetic Nervous System/*physiopathology

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Anxiety Disorders/*psychology *Arousal Conditioning, Classical Fear Human *Panic Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

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1974 Recenti Prog Med Physiopathology of the cardiac pain. Critical review

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Zaubler, T.S.; Katon, W. 1996 Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic

Panic disorder and medical comorbidity:A review of the medical and psychiatric literature


* this is unedited material * table w7.1: rating system of

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