[편집] the role of education system for girls women's career in...
TRANSCRIPT
- i -
10:00~10:30 Registration
10:30~11:10 Opening Ceremony
Opening Remarks Keum-Sook Choe (President, KWDI)
Welcoming Remarks Gwang-Jo Kim (Director, UNESCO Bangkok)
Congratulatory Remarks Khim, Cham Roeun
(Secretary of State, Ministry of Women’s Affairs, Cambodia)
Utak Chung
(Assistant Secretary-General, Korean National Commission for
UNESCO)
11:10~11:30 Session Ⅰ : Keynote Speech
UNESCO BKK’s Activities to Improve Women’s Education in Asia-Pacific Region
Gwang-Jo Kim (Director, UNESCO Bangkok)
11:30~12:30 Session Ⅱ : Country Case Presentation
Moderator: Eun Kyung Kim (Head of International Development & Cooperation Team, KWDI)
Case Study 1 : Cambodia
Presentation on the Situation/Challenges and the Government’s Endeavors for
Girls and Women’s Education in Cambodia
The, Chhun Hak (Deputy Director General, Ministry of Women’s Affairs, Cambodia)
Case Study 2 : Thailand
Presentation on the Situation/Challenges and the Government’s Endeavors for
Women and Girls Education in Thailand
Saipan Sripongpankul
(Educator, Office of the Basic Education Commission, Ministry of Education, Thailand)
Case Study 3 : Indonesia
Presentation on the Situation/Challenges and the Government’s Endeavors for
Women and Girls Education in Indonesia
Ministry of Women’s Empowerment & Child Protection, Indonesia
12:30~14:00 Luncheon
Program
- ii -
14:00~15:20 Session Ⅲ : KWDI-UNESCO BKK Collaborative Project
Presentation
Presentation on 2013 KWDI-UNESCO BKK Joint Research Plan
Ramya Vivekanandan (Programme Specialist, Education and Reform Unit, UNESCO BKK)
Panel DiscussionSung Jung Park (Head of Research Department for Equality & HRD Policy, KWDI)
Seon Mee Shin (Head of Center for Human Resources Policy, KWDI)
The, Chhun Hak (Deputy Director General, Ministry of Women’s Affairs, Cambodia)
Saipan Sripongpankul (Educator, Office of the Basic Education Commission, Ministry of Education, Thailand)
Ministry of Women’s Empowerment & Child Protection, Indonesia
15:20~15:40 Q & A
- iii -
10:00~10:30 등 록
10:30~11:10 개 회 식
개 회 사 최금숙 (한국여성정책연구원장)
환 영 사 김광조 (유네스코 방콕사무소장)
축 사 Khim, Cham Roeun (캄보디아 여성부 차관)
정우탁 (유네스코 한국위원회 정책사업 본부장)
11:10~11:30 세션 Ⅰ : 기조강연
여아/여성 교육 관련 유네스코 방콕 사무소의 활동 소개
김광조 (유네스코 방콕사무소장)
11:30~12:30 세션 Ⅱ : 국가사례 발표
사회: 김은경 (한국여성정책연구원 국제개발협력팀장)
국가사례 1: 캄보디아
캄보디아 여아/여성의 교육현황 및 관련 정책
The, Chhun Hak (캄보디아 여성부 양성평등 및 경제역량강화 부국장)
국가사례 2 : 태국
태국 여아/여성의 교육현황 및 관련 정책
Saipan Sripongpankul (태국 교육부 기초교육위원회 사무국)
국가사례 3 : 인도네시아
인도네시아 여아/여성의 교육현황 및 관련 정책
인도네시아 여성부 관계자
12:30~14:00 오 찬
프로그램
- iv -
14:00~15:20 세션 Ⅲ : KWDI-UNESCO BKK 협력사업
발 표
2013년도 한국여성정책연구원-유네스코 방콕사무소 협력연구에 대한 소개
Ramya Vivekanandan (유네스코 방콕사무소 교육프로그램 전문가)
전문가 토론박성정 (한국여성정책연구원 평등․인력정책연구실장)
신선미 (한국여성정책연구원 여성일자리⋅인재센터장)
The, Chhun Hak (캄보디아 여성부 양성평등 및 경제적 역량강화 부국장)
Saipan Sripongpankul (태국 교육부 기초교육위원회 사무국 교육자)
인도네시아 여성부 관계자
15:20~15:40 질의응답
- v -
Contents
Session Ⅰ : Keynote Speech ····································································· 1
UNESCO BKK’s Activities to Improve Women’s Education in Asia-Pacific Region
Gwang-Jo Kim (Director, UNESCO Bangkok)
Session Ⅱ : Country Case Presentation ················································· 27
▣ Case Study 1 : Cambodia / 29
Presentation on the Situation/Challenges and the Government’s Endeavors for
Girls and Women’s Education in Cambodia
The, Chhun Hak (Deputy Director General, Ministry of Women’s Affairs, Cambodia)
▣ Case Study 2 : Thailand / 37
Presentation on the Situation/Challenges and the Government’s Endeavors for
Women and Girls Education in Thailand
Saipan Sripongpankul (Educator, Office of the Basic Education Commission,
Ministry of Education, Thailand)
▣ Case Study 3 : Indonesia / 61
Presentation on the Situation/Challenges and the Government’s Endeavors for
Women and Girls Education in Indonesia
Ministry of Women’s Empowerment & Child Protection, Indonesia
Session Ⅲ : KWDI-UNESCO BKK Collaborative Project ····················· 65
Presentation on 2013 KWDI-UNESCO BKK Joint Research Plan
Ramya Vivekanandan (Programme Specialist, Education and Reform Unit, UNESCO BKK)
UNESCO BKK’s Activities to Improve
Women’s Education in Asia-Pacific Region
❙ Gwang-Jo Kim (Director, UNESCO Bangkok)
Session Ⅰ : Keynote Speech
UNESCO BKK’s Activities to Improve Women’s Education in Asia-Pacific Region 3
4 The Role of Education System for Girls/Women's Career in Asia-Pacific Region
UNESCO BKK’s Activities to Improve Women’s Education in Asia-Pacific Region 5
6 The Role of Education System for Girls/Women's Career in Asia-Pacific Region
UNESCO BKK’s Activities to Improve Women’s Education in Asia-Pacific Region 7
8 The Role of Education System for Girls/Women's Career in Asia-Pacific Region
UNESCO BKK’s Activities to Improve Women’s Education in Asia-Pacific Region 9
10 The Role of Education System for Girls/Women's Career in Asia-Pacific Region
UNESCO BKK’s Activities to Improve Women’s Education in Asia-Pacific Region 11
12 The Role of Education System for Girls/Women's Career in Asia-Pacific Region
UNESCO BKK’s Activities to Improve Women’s Education in Asia-Pacific Region 13
14 The Role of Education System for Girls/Women's Career in Asia-Pacific Region
UNESCO BKK’s Activities to Improve Women’s Education in Asia-Pacific Region 15
16 The Role of Education System for Girls/Women's Career in Asia-Pacific Region
UNESCO BKK’s Activities to Improve Women’s Education in Asia-Pacific Region 17
18 The Role of Education System for Girls/Women's Career in Asia-Pacific Region
UNESCO BKK’s Activities to Improve Women’s Education in Asia-Pacific Region 19
20 The Role of Education System for Girls/Women's Career in Asia-Pacific Region
UNESCO BKK’s Activities to Improve Women’s Education in Asia-Pacific Region 21
22 The Role of Education System for Girls/Women's Career in Asia-Pacific Region
UNESCO BKK’s Activities to Improve Women’s Education in Asia-Pacific Region 23
24 The Role of Education System for Girls/Women's Career in Asia-Pacific Region
UNESCO BKK’s Activities to Improve Women’s Education in Asia-Pacific Region 25
26 The Role of Education System for Girls/Women's Career in Asia-Pacific Region
▣ Case Study 1 : Cambodia
▣ Case Study 2 : Thailand
▣ Case Study 3 : Indonesia
Session Ⅱ : Country Case Presentation
Presentation on the Situation/Challenges
and the Government’s Endeavors
for Girls and Women’s Education in Cambodia
❙ The, Chhun Hak (Deputy Director General, Ministry of Women’s Affairs, Cambodia)
Case Study 1 : Cambodia
Presentation on the Situation/Challenges and the Government’s Endeavors for Girls and Women’s Education in Cambodia 31
NATIONAL POLICIES AND PROGRAMS:
Kingdom of Cambodia provides equal rights for men and women in accessing education at all
levels, as stipulated in article 65 of the constitution, which states that “The state shall protect and
upgrade citizens’ rights to a quality education at all levels and shall take necessary steps for quality
education to reach all citizens.” Men and women have the same rights to choose their occupation
and professional subjects for education. To ensure this right is achieved, the Royal Government of
Cambodia has taken all measures possible to promote education from kindergarten to tertiary levels,
and to provide vocational training in all fields.
The Rectangular Strategy of the Royal Government of Cambodia for Growth, Employment,
Equity and Efficiency, Phase II, recognizes that “Women are the backbone of the economy and so-
ciety”. The government continues to implement policies and make provisions for increasing the en-
rollment of girls in formal education through increased scholarships, dormitories, ensuring safety for
girls and increase the number of female teachers.
The National Strategic Development Plan and the Cambodia Millennium Development Goals
(CMDGs) highlight the government’s commitment to reduce gender disparities in all development
sectors and the need to put in place effective measures to remove barriers that women face, and in-
crease opportunities for women to fully participate and benefit from development. In addition, the
third goal of the CMDGs focuses on promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of women
through reducing gender gaps in education at all levels, increasing women’s participation in govern-
ment and ensuring equal wages between men and women.
National Plan Education for All, 2003-2015, ensure that by 2015 all children, particularly girls,
in difficulty circumstance and ethnic minorities, have access to and complete free and compulsory
primary education of good quality; and eliminate gender disparities in primary and secondary
education. The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MoEYS) of Cambodia has established
policies and plans which aim to mainstream a gender perspective in formal and non-formal
education.
Five Year Strategic Plan 2009-2013 “Neary Rattanak III” – Strategic Area 2 on Education of
Women and Girl aims to increase participation of girls in formal education at all levels, promotion
of literacy and skills development programs for women with the following targets:
1. Responsible parenting and public awareness promoted of the importance of education, espe-
cially for girls
2. Community pre-schools and parenting education program expanded
32 The Role of Education System for Girls/Women's Career in Asia-Pacific Region
3. Culture of non-violence and reduction of discrimination against women promoted in all sec-
tions of the community
4. Informal education and life skills development for women and girls who dropped out of
school
5. Attention paid to factors enabling and supporting the participation and retention of girls in the
formal education system
PROGRESS:
Cambodia has been recognized for its achievement in putting a strong base for gender
mainstreaming. In education, gender disparity has been eliminated in the primary and lower secon-
dary education. Remarkably, with the focus on training and deploying female teachers, the female
ratio at the primary level reached 47.61% in 2009/2010. However, fewer girls than boys continue
on to the higher education. While more girls than boys completed primary school (87.97 percent vs.
84.67 percent), less than half of girls finished grade nine compared to 52.89 percent of boys (1).
2009 Cambodia Socio Economic Survey shows that 40% of working age women have received lit-
tle or no education (compared to 17.4% men)
Level of Education Total Amount % of Female Student
Primary 2,191,222 47.61%
Lower secondary 560,361 48.22%
Upper secondary 334,734 47.92%
Higher
- Associate degree 200,719 31.49%
- Bachelor degree 171,264 40.95%
- Master degree 120,887 18.08%
- Doctoral degree 981 5.6%
www.moeys.gov.kh, 2010
Pre-school education: The early childhood education program plays a key role in improving the
quality of education at an early age. In the previous school year, the number of children aged three
to five who received education from early childhood education program was 130,454, including
Presentation on the Situation/Challenges and the Government’s Endeavors for Girls and Women’s Education in Cambodia 33
65,789 girls (50.43 percent). Early childhood education has also been improved in line with the ear-
ly childhood education policy.
Primary education: RGC has implemented a special education program for children with dis-
abilities and a scholarship program for poor pupils (with targets of 60 percent for female pupils and
40 percent for male pupils and ethnic minority children). Female scholarship recipients go on to at-
tend upper secondary schools. All schools have implemented the Child-Friendly School Program,
which consists of six components, of which the gender component reflects the development of gen-
der equality and equity in the education sector. This is based on the Child-Friendly School Policy,
the Inclusive Education Program and the Children Counselling Program, and campaigns to mobilise
children to attend school and on the importance of girls’ education. The enrolment rate of ethnic
minority children increased by 24.48 percent; the girls’ enrolment rate increased by 23.43 percent;
and there were 1,100 disabled students, including 449 female students, studying in different educa-
tion programs at primary schools in eight provinces.
Female staff in primary education increased from 37.69 percent in the 2004/05 school year to
39.58 percent in the 2007/08 school year.
Secondary education: In the 2007/08 school year, there were a total of 1,006 lower secondary
schools covering 1,621 communes increasing from 578 schools in 2004/05. The total number of
students in lower secondary schools was 560,361 of whom 48.22 percent were female in the
2009/2010 school year, compared to only 230,048 female students (43.49 percent) in the 2004/05
school year.
The dropout rate for female students deceased from 23.50 percent in 2004/05 to 22.3 percent in
2007/08. In the 2007/08 school year, the number of female students who passed exams in lower
secondary schools was 55,580, an increase from the 37,710 (41.67 percent) who passed in the
2004/05 school year. With regard to scholarships, 60 percent were provided to female students and
40 percent to male students from poor families. In the 2007/08 school year, the total number of
students in upper secondary schools was 260,965, of whom 106,782 (40.91 percent) were female,
compared to only 66,324 (37.54%)
Challenges and the way ahead:
Despite good progress there are still a number of challenges as I have just outlined. The CMDG
3 and some gender goals within other CMDGs such as numbers of girls in higher education, im-
34 The Role of Education System for Girls/Women's Career in Asia-Pacific Region
proving rates of literacy, female share of wage employment are considered under the category
"need attention".
The gap in primary school enrollment is narrowing but widens in secondary and higher education
levels. Girls drop out of all levels of education to a higher degree than boys do particularly in rural
area. A majority of out of school children are girls. The number of female graduates of all levels
of education is smaller than that of boys.
•We need to expand access to upper secondary and higher education, particularly for poor girls.
Expand targeted scholarship programs in upper secondary and higher education and dormito-
ries for girls.
According to the survey, Cambodia Gender Assessment in 2008, 45% of Women in Cambodia
believe that it’s better to educate a son than a daughter. Parents have justified their decision with
the lower returns for educating their daughters, particularly in rural areas and they believe that
girl’s education is not always worth the investment compared the boy’s education.
• If we want to promote the value of girl’s education, we need to shift the role models from
stay-at-home mothers to successful professional women.
•We need to encourage a better work-life balance and thus the development of a family strat-
egy that would include measures designed to better reconcile employment, education and fam-
ily life.
Poverty significantly impacts on school enrollment and educational attainment particularly for
girls. Although enrollment is relatively equal across income groups at the primary school level,
there are significant disparities at the secondary school level, and girls’ enrollment is lower across
all income groups and school levels, particularly for rural areas. As families tend to invest less in
girls’ education, the supporting fee and other purposes thus disproportionably impacts on girls. Girls
are also expected to help with household and child care or work in family income generating activ-
ities at an earlier age, freeing up their mothers for increased economic activity.
•We need to address attitudes related to the value of girls’ education. Expanding public aware-
ness arising is needed on the importance of girls’ education. Explore strategies for expanding
discussion of this issue at the community level to support attitude change. Engage teachers
and school administrators in encouraging and enabling enrollment and retention of girls in
schools.
•We need to expand access to employment and livelihood opportunities for girls. The experi-
ence in other countries shows that more parents will send their daughters to school if they an-
ticipate a higher return through access to paid work.
Presentation on the Situation/Challenges and the Government’s Endeavors for Girls and Women’s Education in Cambodia 35
REFERENCES:
Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, 1999
The Rectangular Strategy of the Royal Government of Cambodia for Growth, Employment, Equity and Efficiency, Phase II
Ministry of Women’s Affairs, A Fair Share For Women – Cambodia Gender Assessment, 2008
Ministry of Women’s Affairs, Five-Year Strategic Plan 2009-2-13 – Neary Rattanak III
Royal Government of Cambodia, 2010, Fourth and Fifth National Report on Implementation of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women in Cambodia
Ministry of Planning, 2009, The National Strategic Development Plan 2009-2013
Ministry of Planning of Cambodia, 2000, Cambodia Millennium Development Goals (CMDGs) 2000-2015
Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of Cambodia, 2003, National Plan Education for All, 2003-2015
Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of Cambodia, 2008, Education Statistics and Indicators 2007/08
Cambodia National Council for Women: www.cncw.gov.kh
Ministry of Women’s Affairs of Cambodia: www.mwa.gov.kh
Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of Cambodia: www.moeys.gov.kh, 2010
Presentation on the Situation/Challenges
and the Government’s Endeavors
for Women and Girls Education in Thailand
❙ Saipan Sripongpankul(Educator, Office of the Basic Education Commission,
Ministry of Education, Thailand)
Case Study 2 : Thailand
Presentation on the Situation/Challenges and the Government’s Endeavors for Women and Girls Education in Thailand 39
40 The Role of Education System for Girls/Women's Career in Asia-Pacific Region
Presentation on the Situation/Challenges and the Government’s Endeavors for Women and Girls Education in Thailand 41
42 The Role of Education System for Girls/Women's Career in Asia-Pacific Region
Presentation on the Situation/Challenges and the Government’s Endeavors for Women and Girls Education in Thailand 43
44 The Role of Education System for Girls/Women's Career in Asia-Pacific Region
Presentation on the Situation/Challenges and the Government’s Endeavors for Women and Girls Education in Thailand 45
46 The Role of Education System for Girls/Women's Career in Asia-Pacific Region
Presentation on the Situation/Challenges and the Government’s Endeavors for Women and Girls Education in Thailand 47
48 The Role of Education System for Girls/Women's Career in Asia-Pacific Region
Presentation on the Situation/Challenges and the Government’s Endeavors for Women and Girls Education in Thailand 49
50 The Role of Education System for Girls/Women's Career in Asia-Pacific Region
Presentation on the Situation/Challenges and the Government’s Endeavors for Women and Girls Education in Thailand 51
52 The Role of Education System for Girls/Women's Career in Asia-Pacific Region
Presentation on the Situation/Challenges and the Government’s Endeavors for Women and Girls Education in Thailand 53
54 The Role of Education System for Girls/Women's Career in Asia-Pacific Region
Presentation on the Situation/Challenges and the Government’s Endeavors for Women and Girls Education in Thailand 55
56 The Role of Education System for Girls/Women's Career in Asia-Pacific Region
Presentation on the Situation/Challenges and the Government’s Endeavors for Women and Girls Education in Thailand 57
58 The Role of Education System for Girls/Women's Career in Asia-Pacific Region
Presentation on the Situation/Challenges and the Government’s Endeavors for Women and Girls Education in Thailand 59
Presentation on the Situation/Challenges
and the Government’s Endeavors
for Women and Girls Education in Indonesia
❙ Ministry of Women’s Empowerment & Child Protection,
Indonesia
Case Study 3 : Indonesia
Presentation on the Situation/Challenges and the Government’s Endeavors for Women and Girls Education in Indonesia 63
64 The Role of Education System for Girls/Women's Career in Asia-Pacific Region
Presentation on 2013 KWDI-UNESCO BKK
Joint Research Plan
❙ Ramya Vivekanandan (Programme Specialist, Education and Reform Unit,
UNESCO BKK)
Session Ⅲ : KWDI-UNESCO BKK Collaborative Project
Presentation on 2013 KWDI-UNESCO BKK Joint Research Plan 67
68 The Role of Education System for Girls/Women's Career in Asia-Pacific Region
Presentation on 2013 KWDI-UNESCO BKK Joint Research Plan 69
70 The Role of Education System for Girls/Women's Career in Asia-Pacific Region
Presentation on 2013 KWDI-UNESCO BKK Joint Research Plan 71
72 The Role of Education System for Girls/Women's Career in Asia-Pacific Region
Presentation on 2013 KWDI-UNESCO BKK Joint Research Plan 73
74 The Role of Education System for Girls/Women's Career in Asia-Pacific Region
Presentation on 2013 KWDI-UNESCO BKK Joint Research Plan 75
76 The Role of Education System for Girls/Women's Career in Asia-Pacific Region
Presentation on 2013 KWDI-UNESCO BKK Joint Research Plan 77
MEMO 79
MEMO
80 MEMO
MEMO
MEMO 81
MEMO
82 MEMO
MEMO