test on friday – make sure you are studying!! if you got below an 85 on your test, you can come...

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Happy Tuesday!! Test on Friday – Make sure you are studying!! If you got below an 85 on your test, you can come to my Knight Time… Talk to me if you are interested. Suppose that a new element (E) were discovered that existed as three natural isotopes. 25% of the atoms had a mass of 278, 38% had a mass of 281, and the remainder had a mass of 285. What would be listed as the atomic weight of this element?

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Page 1: Test on Friday – Make sure you are studying!! If you got below an 85 on your test, you can come to my Knight Time… Talk to me if you are interested

Happy Tuesday!!

Test on Friday – Make sure you are studying!! If you got below an 85 on your test, you can

come to my Knight Time… Talk to me if you are interested.

Suppose that a new element (E) were discovered that existed as three natural isotopes. 25% of the atoms had a mass of 278, 38% had a mass of 281, and the remainder had a mass of 285. What would be listed as the atomic weight of this element?

Page 2: Test on Friday – Make sure you are studying!! If you got below an 85 on your test, you can come to my Knight Time… Talk to me if you are interested

CHEMISTRYUnit Two, Day Four

Kimrey11 September 2012

Page 3: Test on Friday – Make sure you are studying!! If you got below an 85 on your test, you can come to my Knight Time… Talk to me if you are interested

Ions

If an atom loses an electron, it becomes more positive. Positive ions are called cations.

If an atom gains an electron, it becomes more negative. Negative ions are called anions.

Page 4: Test on Friday – Make sure you are studying!! If you got below an 85 on your test, you can come to my Knight Time… Talk to me if you are interested

Page 5: Test on Friday – Make sure you are studying!! If you got below an 85 on your test, you can come to my Knight Time… Talk to me if you are interested

Reactions

In chemical reactions, there are no changes in the nuclei of the atoms, so the identities of the atoms do not change

But, in nuclear reactions, an atom of one element changes into an atom of another element. They involve a change in the atom’s nucleus

Page 6: Test on Friday – Make sure you are studying!! If you got below an 85 on your test, you can come to my Knight Time… Talk to me if you are interested

Nuclear Decay

Radioactive isotopes – unstable due to too many neutrons

Emit particles and energy to become stable atom – changes identity of atom.

Unstable radioactive atoms undergo radioactive decay until they form stable nonradioactive atoms, often of a different element

Page 7: Test on Friday – Make sure you are studying!! If you got below an 85 on your test, you can come to my Knight Time… Talk to me if you are interested

Fission & Fusion

Fusion: small atoms coming together to make a bigger atom occurs on the sun; very hot temperatures Atoms “fuse” together

Fission: breaking a large atom into smaller atoms (called daughter nuclei) Natural radioactive decay

Page 8: Test on Friday – Make sure you are studying!! If you got below an 85 on your test, you can come to my Knight Time… Talk to me if you are interested

Natural Radioactive Decay

Alpha decay (): 2 protons & 2 neutrons (He) Least dangerous 92

235U 90231Th + 2

4He

Beta decay ( or 0e): high speed electron 231Th 231Pa + 0

-1 e

Gamma rays (): energy given off Most dangerous Usually accompany alpha and beta radiation** Balance both mass numbers and atomic numbers

Page 9: Test on Friday – Make sure you are studying!! If you got below an 85 on your test, you can come to my Knight Time… Talk to me if you are interested

Decay Series

A radioactive isotope may have to give off many particles to finally become stable. This is called a decay series.

238U 4He + 234Th234Th 0

-1 e + 234 Pa

Page 10: Test on Friday – Make sure you are studying!! If you got below an 85 on your test, you can come to my Knight Time… Talk to me if you are interested

The other subatomic particle

Neutrons are sometimes involved in nuclear reactions.

Remember, neutrons have a mass of 1 and an atomic number of 0 (since there are no protons in a neutron)

Page 11: Test on Friday – Make sure you are studying!! If you got below an 85 on your test, you can come to my Knight Time… Talk to me if you are interested

Radiation at work

Kills cancer Used to diagnose of disease Energy production

Nuclear power plants – fission of uranium-235 Carbon dating – dating fossils (C-14

detection) Smoke detectors Food Irradiation

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