sources of milk are from goats, camels, llamas, sheep, reindeer, and water buffalo. dairy cattle...
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CHAPTER 11DAIRY PRODUCTION
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Facts: Sources of milk
are from goats, camels, llamas, sheep, reindeer, and water buffalo.
Dairy Cattle are the main source of milk in the USA
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Dairy Industry: First brought to Jamestown
Colony in 1611 Farms had only 1 or 2 cows Lack of refrigerator was the
reason The second part of the 19th
century brought pasteurization, homogenization, refrigeration, and bottled milk
9.1 million dairy cows in the USA on farms
165 billion pounds of milk are produced by US cows each year
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Dairy Industry: Each cow produces nearly
18,000 pounds of milk per year
One cow can provide for 25 people with their dairy needs
Dairy farm numbers have declined since 1950, by 95%
Herd sizes range from 35 -500 to as much as 10,000 cows
High tech milking equipment is used
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Dairy Industry: Growth hormones are
used to increase milk production
California leads in total milk production, Wisconsin is 2nd , then New York
Calves are used for veal (males)
Older cows are used for bologna and hamburger
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Dairy Cattle as Organisms: Kingdom – Animal Phylum – Chordata –
vertebrates Class – Mammalia –
warm blooded Order – Artiodactyla
(Even toed, cloven hoofed)
Family – Bovidae – Ruminants
Genus – Bos Species – taurus and
indicus
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Dairy Cattle Conformation and Type:
Should appear angular
Lack muscle development
Well shaped udder
Four teats
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Dairy Cattle Breeds:Seven Top Dairy
Breeds: Jersey Holstein- Friesian Brown Swiss Guernsey Ayrshire Milking Shorthorn Red and White
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Dairy Cattle Reproduction: Selecting Sires – One per
herd Artificial Insemination Nutrient requirements – Look
at their rations Feeding calves – Colostrum
first 6 hours Feeding young stock – creep
feeding Feeding Dry cows – no
concentrates only roughages Feeding lactating cows – one
pound of concentrates for every 3 pounds of milk produced. Roughages are fed at a rate of 2% of body weight.
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Environmental Modifications: Animal/Human
interaction Stress modification
– space (housing), feed on time, milk on time
Climate Modification – temperature, humidity or precipitation, wind, and radiation
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Dairy Cattle Health Metabolic
Health Disorders
Milk fever – overfeeding calcium
Ketosis – Blood sugar low
Mastitis – inflammation of the mammary glands
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Facilities and Equipment: Cold Housing Warm Housing Milking Parlor Mechanized feeding Manure handling
systems 15-20 tons manure is
produced per dairy cow Solid manure system –
low cost – daily labor Liquid manure system –
high cost – move every 4-5 months
Lagoons (ponds) lots of land needed, odor problems
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Showing Dairy Cattle: Training Washing Grooming Clipping Trimming In the Ring