soaps are made from fats and oils that react with lye ( sodium hydroxide )
TRANSCRIPT
Soaps are made from fats and
oils that react with lye (sodium hydroxide).
Soaps
Solid fats like coconut oil, palm oil, tallow, or
lard, are used to make bars of soap that stay hard and resist shaping in the water left in the soap dish.
Soaps
Saponification is the hydrolysis of a carboxylic
acid under normal conditions. The products are a carboxylic acid form of salt and a form of alcohol.
Soaps
Carboxylic acid salt
Alcohol
To change the salt to the corresponding
carboxylic acid, acidic workup of the mixture is required.
Soaps
Salt turning into carboxylic acid salt.
The basic structure of all soaps is most of the
time the same, consisting of a long hydrophobic hydrocarbon "tail" and a hydrophilic anionic "head“
CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH
2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COO − or CH 3 (CH 2 ) n COO −
Soaps
The length of the hydrocarbon
chain changes with the type of fat or oil that id used but is usually long.
Soaps
The anionic charge on the carboxylate
head is most of the time, balanced by a positively charged potassium or sodium cation.
Soaps
When you make soap, triglycerides in fat or
oils are heated while in front of a strong alkali base such as sodium hydroxide, making three molecules of soap for every molecule of glycerol.
Soaps
Soap also keeps you clean!!!
Soaps
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Works Cited