protectionism - series of tariffs passed by the u.s. congress between 1913 and 1930 to protect...
TRANSCRIPT
The Great Depression
What caused the Great Depression?
Protectionism - Series of tariffs passed by the U.S. Congress between 1913 and 1930 to protect American business against European competition• Smoot-Hawley Tariff of 1930 led to 66% decline in
global trade between 1930 and 1934.• Overproduction of business and farm goods
in the United States• Uneven distribution of wealth in the United States• Lessened demand for consumer goods• Buying stock on margin• Putting up only a small faction of a stock’s price in cash
and borrowing the remainder from stock brokers• Prices high, speculators made money
What caused the Great Depression?
• 1929 – Bubble burst and stock market crashed• So many people borrowed
heavily that when prices stumbled, people panicked• Brokers called for loans to be
repaid• US banks collapsed
because they depended on their stock investments• Depositors lost money and
economic impact spread• Bank failures resulting from
farmers’ inability to pay back loans
Immediate Effects on the Great Depression
• Stock Market Crash of 1929 - $30 billion loss in four days
• Interrelation of loans and debts between US and Europe made recession quickly spread
• US started to call for European debts• Creditors went bankrupt trying to call back loans
• Lack of investments > Industrial products fall > layoff of workers > workers could not buy anything because unemployed
Immediate Effects of the Great Depression
• Many governments stopped spending, tightened credit, and cut off international trade• Made recession
worse• No safety net for
unemployment
Charts of Unemployment
Show them here
Crash Course – Great Depression
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GCQfMWAikyU&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7s
Assignment – Great Depression Graphic Organizer
Use your Kindles and textbooks to help research and create a table of the causes, effects, and predictions of the Great Depression.
For now, just fill in the causes.Causes Effects Predictions
Stock Market crash
High Tariffs
Bank Failures
Etc
Etc
Etc
Warning: If your chart has Etc on it, I will take 20 points off automatically
The Great Depression
Show images of the Great Depression. They are depressing
Quote from the Grapes of Wrath “The last clear definite function of man—muscles
aching to work, minds aching to create beyond the single need—this is man. To build a wall, to build a house, a dam, and in the wall and house and dam to put something of Manself, and to Manself take back something of the wall, the house the dam; to take hard muscles from the lifting, to take the clear lines and form from conceiving. For man, unlike any other thing organic or inorganic in the universe, grows beyond his work, walks up the stairs of his concepts, emerges ahead of his accomplishments.”
What is the underlying message of this quote? Write one sentence.
Assignment – Great Depression Graphic Organizer
Use your Kindles and textbooks to help research and create a table of the causes, effects, and predictions of the Great Depression.
Fill in the effects and predictions of how the government will try to fix these problems
Causes Effects Predictions
Stock Market crash
High Tariffs
Bank FailuresETC
ETC
Warning: If your chart has Etc on it, I will take 20 points off automatically
Review Time!
What were the causes of the Great Depression?
What were some of the effects? (Immediate and long term)
Assignment – Photo Journal You will only have today to complete this. Period.
You are submitting a photo journal to the President to inform him how people in the US have been affected by the Great Depression.
Your journal needs a minimum of 5 pictures and a summary of each picture of the effects of the Great Depression on the American people.
You may either draw pictures of use some of the pictures I have pre-printed.
The Dust Bowl
Natural Disasters
What are some natural disasters you can think of in fairly recent years?
What effect did it have on the areas it hit?
What role did the government play in helping with those natural disasters?
Predictions: What would
this kind of environmental disaster cause to happen?
What happened to the people who lived there?
The Dust Bowl
http://www.pbs.org/kenburns/dustbowl/watch-videos/#2284398428
http://www.history.com/topics/dust-bowl/videos#black-blizzard
Dust Bowl - Research
Get in groups of 2-3
Each group will get 2-3 questions to research Use Kindles or
textbook You will present
and share your questions to the rest of the class
Assignment
Individually, create an acroustic poem of DUSTBOWL and illustrate
I will put an example on the board
Enrichment
On your Kindle, play the interactive Dust Bowl. What choices would you make?
http://www.pbs.org/kenburns/dustbowl/interactive/
Mexican Repatriation
No quotas on immigration from Mexico
Mexicans freely left and entered the US as long as passed a literacy test (in Spanish) and paid small tax
Trying to escape the Mexican Revolution Willing to do hard work
for low wages
Mexican Repatriation
Many settled in barrios in California, Texas, and Southwest In Texas, Mexican
Americans were barred from attending “white” public schools and faced other prejudice
Mexican Repatriation
Americans in need of work that currently done by Mexican-Americans
Public hostility grew and became harder for Mexican immigrants
Only 33,000 given visas in the 1930s Hoover approved Mexican Repatriation Act
Send Mexicans back to Mexico More than half a million Americans forcibly sent
back Many were lawful citizens separated from
families
The New Deal
The Great Depression
You’re President of the United States and am now facing the worst economic collapse in the nation’s history…
What do you do?
Herbert Hoover’s Plan
Rejected federal government directly pay unemployed and needy
Voluntary private organizations should provide relief
Advised that if prices dropped low enough, people would buy again and economy pick up
Herbert Hoover’s Plan
Lack of aggregate (total) demand
Federal Reserve reduced money supply of country rather than increasing it
Herbert Hoover’s Plan
Hoover- Cut taxes Increased federal
spending on public projects
Directed federal agency to buy surplus crops
Established Reconstruction Finance Corporation ▪ Emergency loans to
banks and businesses
Herbert Hoover’s Plan
Believed in “trickle down” Too little too late
Americans frustrated with lack of leadership
Shanty towns of the homeless called Hoovervilles on the outskirts of cities
1932 (end of Hoover’s term) – unemployment at nearly 25%
President Roosevelt and the New Deal
Roosevelt was Governor of New York and offered a “New Deal” to put Americans back to work
Marked end of separate government and economy
Permanently increased the size and power of federal government
President Roosevelt and the New Deal
Depression was national emergency
FDR assembled the “Brain Trust” to serve under him Told them to be as
creative as possible Addressed the
nation with “fireside chats” to explain policies to American people
President Roosevelt and the New Deal
FDR had polio at 39 Very sympathetic to
suffering of others Eleanor Roosevelt
served as his eyes and ears throughout the country Political activist, spoke
for women’s rights, peace, and the poor
President Roosevelt and the New Deal
Congress called in special session
Virtually all bills FDR submitted in First Hundred Days were enacted by Congress
New Deal was the three R’s – Relief, Recovery, and Reform
President Roosevelt and the New Deal
Relief: Banking crisis, relief
to homeowners and farmers, relief for the unemployed
Recovery Stimulate demand
Reform Make sure another
Great Depression never happens
The New Deal – Alphabet Soup
Get in groups of 2-3 (no more than 4) Each group will be given one of the
New Deal Programs You are to create a poster of your
New Deal Program You will be given research questions that
must be answered on your poster You will present your poster to the rest of
the class and teach them about your program
The New Deal Exit Ticket
3 New Deal Programs and one important fact from peer presentations
2 New Deal Programs still active today
1 prediction of an opposition to the New Deal
Yes, this is a grade
Reactions to the New Deal Overall, positive but
did face some criticism
Opponents offered different alternatives
Liberty League – Roosevelt is “Traitor to hiss class”; claimed Roosevelt was attempting to establish a popular dictatorship
Reactions to the New Deal Radical critics wanted
Roosevelt to go farther Dr. Francis Townsend –
pension of $200/month to citizens 65 and older
Huey Long (Governor of Louisiana) – each American family given $5,000/ yea paid by taxing the rich Was assassinated before
he could launch campaign against Roosevelt
Reactions to the New Deal
Father Coughlin – called for nationalization of banks and utilities Anti-Semitic Audience were
nativists and distrusted banks
Catholic Church finally ended his broadcasts
New Deal and Supreme Court Biggest threat to New
Deal was Supreme Court
1935 and 1936 – Court ruled NIRA and AAA were unconstitutional
Schechter Poultry v. US (1937) Even during national
crisis, Congress could not give president more power than in Constitution
NIRA gave president power to set codes for fair practices for businesses involved in intrastate (within a state) commerce.
Schechter Poultry Company convicted for failing to obey the act
New Deal and Supreme Court Roosevelt fearful of
other New Deal legislation being unconstitutional
Believed Justices were “out of touch” with the nation
1937 – proposed the president could add a new justice to the Supreme Court for each Justice over 70 ½ years old
New Deal and Supreme Court
Roosevelt could elect 6 new justices under plan
Seen as a court packing scheme and an attempt to take away separation of powers
Despite popularity, condemned by public and Congress
Justices generally stopped overruling New Deal legislation
Impact and Legacy of the New Deal
Under New Deal, power of federal govt increased dramatically Regulatory role it had
under Progressives Govt now responsible
for national economy Agencies and
regulations closely control citizen’s private actions
Taxes rose dramatically to fund programs
Impact and Legacy of the New Deal
Expanded govt’s role in social and economic life
Relationship between govt and individual citizen changed
Many states implemented own versions of New Deal
Final Thoughts
Some New Deal programs eliminated after the war, others remained
Established a legacy of govt agencies, regulations, and procedures still with us today