+

Program Planning

Chapter 2

+Individual and/or Program Cornerstones

1. Needs assessment**

2. Planning

3. Implementation

4. Evaluation

+Needs Assessment

Used to determine the specific physical activity-related needs of the target population

Techniques used to determine the needs: Focus group Nominal group Community Form Interviews Surveys Observation

+Program Planning

Individuals that have vested interest in the program should be identified and involved in the program. These individuals than become your program developers

Plan should be based on: Results of the need assessment Cornerstones

Proven theories and models Effective interventions Focus groups

+Program Developers

1. Indentify potential program partners- Financial supporters,- Sponsors- Agencies, and - Organizations

2. Develop goals and objectives of the program (based on need assessment)

3. Develop interventions from variety of approaches - Information approaches (e.g., increase awareness)

- Behavioral approaches (e.g., remove barriers)

- Social approaches (e.g., include the family, worksites & community)

- Environmental and policy approaches (e.g., free public transportation)

4. Assure that adequate resources are available for the program that is planned

+Theoretical Basis

Interventions that are based from theory have higher rates of adherence

Dominate theories used today: Social cognitive theory Transtheoretical model Self-determintation theory

+Use Effect Sizes from Meta-Analyses

Meta-analyses involves many of the studies combined together to determine it effect size (influence). For example, Dishman & Buckworth (1996) meta analysis

involving 127 studies determined the success of physical activity interventions effect size was moderate to high. The following were considered to be the most powerful:

Application of behavioral modification principles Use of mediated delivery of information Prescription of low-to-moderate-intensity physical

activity

+Use of focus groups

Focus groups are small groups of prospective participants who get together to discuss things that are important to them related to the intervention (in this case the program). Targeted population (e.g., single parents, obese) If you include their input the chances they will participate in

the program are greater.

+Program Implementation

Safety of participant and staff

Competent and trained staff should conduct the intervention activities

Advertise the intervention to members of target population

+Program Evaluation

Three types of evaluation Process – participant provided feedback continuously through the

implementation of the program and/or intervention(s) about their exercise behavior.

Impact – a summative evaluation given at the end of the program/interventio(s) to determine short term exercise behavior change and/or effects.

Outcome – evaluating the focus group or participants exercise adherence maybe months, or years after the program and/or intervention(s) has ended or been implemented to determine long-term behavior change.

PA professionals need to collect specific data that they need to determine if the program is successful.

+In summary

Four cornerstones (need assessment, program development, program implementation, and program evaluation) are necessary steps in program development.

Interventions based on proven theories, models, and met-analysis studies are more effective in promoting adherence.

+The end