presented by: dr. mona ahmed a/rahim assistant professor faculty of medicine & health...
TRANSCRIPT
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Definition: Is an inflammation of the
tonsils. Types: Acute tonsillitis Chronic tonsillitis
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Classification: acute catarrhal or superficial
tonsillitis: Here tonsillitis is a part of generalized pharyngitis and seen in viral infections
acute follicular tonsillitis: In
which tonsillar crypts become filled with purulent materials
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acute parenchymatous tonsillitis: Here tonsils are uniformly enlarged and red
acute membranous tonsillitis: The exudates in the crypts coalesces to form membrane on the surface
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Affects school-age children but adults can also be affected. It is rare in infants (< 1 year age) and persons above 50 years.
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Group A beta hemolytic streptococci
Haemophilus influenzae Streptococcus pneumoniae Staphylococci Tuberculosis (in
immunocompromised) Viruses: adenovirus, Epstein-Bar
virus and herpes simplex virus
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sore throat difficulty in swallowing + pain fever (can be accompanied by
rigors and chills) ear ache headache generalized body fatigue
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breath is foetid and tongue is coated
hyperaemia of the pillars, soft palate and uvula
red and swollen tonsils with yellowish spots in the crypts (follicular tonsillitis) , whitish membrane on the medial surface of the tonsils (membranous tonsillitis) or enlarged and congestive tonsils with swollen uvula (acute parenchymatous tonsillitis)
enlarged and tender jugulodigastric lymph nodes
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bed rest + plenty of fluids analgesia (Aspirin or
Paracetamol) antimicrobial (Penicillin is the
drug of choice) should be continued for 7 -10 days
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chronic tonsillitis with recurrent acute attacks
peritonsillar abscess (quinsy) parapharyngeal abscess cervical abscess acute otitis media rheumatic fever acute golomerulonephritis sub acute bacterial
endocarditis
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Diphtheria Infectious mononucleosis malignancy (lymphoma,
leukemia)
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recurrent infections (> 6 times per year)
peritonsilar abscess possibility of malignancy sleep apnoea febrile convulsions
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Types: chronic follicular tonsillitis chronic parenchymatous
tonsillitis chronic fibroid tonsillitis
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may be a complication of acute tonsillitis
subclinical infection of tonsils without acute attack
chronic infection of sinuses or teeth may be a predisposing factor
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recurrent attacks of acute tonsillitis
chronic irritation in throat and cough
bad taste in mouth and foul breath (halitosis)
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conservative treatment: attention to diet, general health and treatment of coexisting infections of teeth, sinuses and nose.
tonsillectomy: if tonsils interfere with deglutition, speech, respiration or there is recurrent attacks of tonsillitis
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situated at the junction of the posterior wall and roof of the nasopharynx
composed of lymphoid tissues covered by columnar epithelium
it is present at birth physiologically enlarged up to 6 years then regress and completely disappears by the age of 20
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Recurrent attacks of rhinitis, tonsillitis and sinusitis cause adenoid infection and hyperplasia
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nasal obstruction mouth breathing nasal discharge adenoid face: elongated face, dull expression,
nasal discharge, open mouth, hitched-up upper lip, prominent and overcrowded upper teeth, high-arched palate
pulmonary hypertension
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nasopharyngoscopy X-ray nasopharynx lateral
view
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When symptoms are not severe, decongestant nasal drops + antihistamines is the treatment of choice
Marked symptoms, treatment is adenoidectomy
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Thank You