Popular Sovereignty

» Political power belongs to the people (people decide by voting)

» Senator Lewis Cass (Michigan)» Each state in the east was given a choice

on the issue of slavery, why not new territories (Mexican Cession, Louisiana Purchase)

» 1840’s

States and territories

»As new lands applied for statehood, residents from both the north and south flocked to those areas. Why?˃To influence the vote on the issue of

slavery˃Violence erupts

Compromises

» Attempts to settle the issue of slavery out west˃ Missouri Compromise˃ Wilmot Proviso˃ Compromise of 1850˃ Kansas-Nebraska Act

» See Compromises PP (North, Academic, Pre-Civil War, Compromises)

Harriet Beecher Stowe

» Abolitionists used the stories of fugitive slaves to gain sympathy for their cause (slave narratives)

» Uncle Tom’s Cabin – fiction novel˃ Evils of slavery

» Created “two million abolitionists”» Brought an awareness and shock to

northerners» Outraged southerners (how do you know?)

2. Fiction novel:

3. Date published:

4. Purpose of novel:

5. Main character in the novel:

6. Slave owner:

7. South’s reaction to novel:

8. Copies sold (by 1862):

9. Think about the books you read today. How do you know what to believe in a fiction story?

1. movie

Political Parties

» See Politics of the 1800’s (North, Academic, Pre-Civil War)˃ Whigs˃ Free-Soil˃ Know-Nothing˃ Republicans˃ Democrats

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ltun92DfnPY&feature=youtu.be

Dred Scott•Supreme Court-Washington DC

•Interpret the law- figure out if the law goes against the constitution

•Judicial Branch, Federal Gov’t

Dred Scott

• Slave• Moves from slave (VA, AL, MO) to free state (IL, MN

territory) with owner• Sued for his freedom based on his time in free

territories – Dred Scott v. Sanford (1846)• Reaches U.S. Supreme Court

• Decision March 6, 1857• Refuse to free Scott

• Emerson finally frees Scott and he lives out his life in St. Louis (MO)

Chief Justice Taney Reports…• Blacks were not citizens•Blacks were not granted Constitutional Rights• Words of governing documents were not meant to include “negroes”•Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional•Slaves were personal property and possessed no personal rights•Message: “You have no future in America”

Taking matters into their own hands

The public begins to spread their beliefs about slavery-both for and against through…

Abolitionist Aaron Stevens, writing to his brother in 1858, warns that slavery will only be done away with “by the sword”

John Brown

» 1856-Kansas» Pro-Slavery raided the town of

Lawrence Kansas an anti-slavery stronghold.

» John Brown, an abolitionist who had moved to Kansas to make it a free state, struck back. He road into the town of Pottawatomie Creek in the middle of the night. Along with his 4 sons, Brown killed 5 proslavery settlers.

» Guerilla warfare erupted and by 1856, 200 people had been killed in Kansas

» 1859 Harpers Ferry, West Virginia

» Led followers east on his anti-slavery campaign

» Planned an attack on a federal arsenal

» He hoped enslaved African-Americans would flock to the arsenal and he would provide guns for a revolt

» Robert E. Lee captures Brown and followers

» Brown and four others were hanged

Select one» Principal A: No homework for the rest of

the year for all 7th grade.» Principal B: All 8th grade will have 1 test in

every subject per week for the rest of the year.

» Principal C: One core subject will be held outside each day for the rest of the year; 8th grade only.

Sectionalism

» Favoring the interests of one region over the interests of the entire country

» Growing divide among the young United States

» Those from the North supported decisions that helped manufacturing, industry and anti-slavery

» Those from the South supported decisions that helped farming, agricultural tools, slavery

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

» See Lincoln-Douglas Debates PP (North, Academic, Pre-Civil War, Lincoln, L-D Debates)

Election of 1860A. Lincoln, S. Douglas, J. Breckenridge, J. Bell

1. In 1860 the Republican National Convention was deciding which of these two candidates would be their Presidential nominee for the general election?

A.

B.

2. Circle the name above that is selected by the Republican National Convention.

3. Why did the Democratic Party have two Presidential nominees?

4. Who was the Northern Democratic nominee?

5. Who was the Southern Democratic nominee?

6. What was the Constitutional Union party?

Who was their Presidential nominee?

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/ElectoralCollege1860.svg

Election 1860

President Abraham Lincoln [R]

Main Opponent

John C. Breckinridge [D]

Electoral Vote Winner:  180

Popular Vote Winner:  1,865,908

Main Opponent:  848,019

Votes for Others

John Bell (39), Stephen A. Douglas(12)

Vice President

Hannibal Hamlin (180)

V.P. Opponents

Joseph Lane (72), Edward Everett (39), Herschel V. Johnson (12)

Election of 1860

7. If Lincoln was not on the ballot for ten southern states, how did he still win the 1860 Presidential election?

8. What was the Southern reaction to Lincoln’s victory? Why?

Secession

» To withdrawal» Leave the Union

˃ States held conventions to join the Union, shouldn’t they be able to hold a convention to leave the Union?

» Concern that Lincoln would abolish slavery in the entire US

» Southern states believed their economy and way of life would be destroyed without slavery

State Date of Secession

South Carolina December 20, 1860

Mississippi January 9, 1861

Florida January 10, 1861

Alabama January 11, 1861

Georgia January 19, 1861

Louisiana January 26, 1861

Texas February 1, 1861

Virginia April 17, 1861*

Arkansas May 6, 1861*

North Carolina May 20, 1861*

Tennessee June 8, 1861*

Jefferson Davis

» 1808-1889» President (inaugurated Feb. 18, 1861) 1861-1865» Confederate States of America» House of Representatives - Mississippi

Secretary of War 1853U.S. Senator – Mississippi

» Opposed secession» As president rocky relationship with Congress and

states» Named Robert E. Lee commander of the Army of

Northern Virginia