” particulates „ characterisation of exhaust particulate emissions from road vehicles key action...

Particulates Characterisation of Exhaust Particulate Emissions from Road VehiclesKey Action KA2:Sustainable Mobility and IntermodalityTask 2.2:Infrastructures and their interfaces with transport means and systemsSector 2.2.2:Environment, Sub-Infrastructures and their interfaces with transport means and systemsTask 2.2.2/2:Monitoring emissions from transport, including particulates

BackgroundInhaled particulate matter has been associated with adverse health effects.Air quality standards are amended accordingly to set maximum ambient levels of particulates in different size modes.Information on the size and characteristics of vehicle particulate emissions is limited.Potential complications may be encountered if size resolved standards need also to be established for vehicle emissions.Information on particulate characteristics is required to explain the association of particulates with health effects.

Key-targets of InvestigationScientific:To develop the necessary scientific understanding to underpin the technical targets.Analytical:To identify relevant methods capable of accurate measurement of whatever is identified as causal, with robust means of calibration and quality control; to prepare standard test methods of operation both with respect to sampling and measurement.Technical:To improve air quality by the development of soundly based air quality standards to address identifiable and attributable health effects; control measures to reduce emissions should provide cost-effective benefits.

Objectives OutlineCollect and analyse information on the characterisation of motor vehicle emitted particulates.Include parameters introduced by the air quality standards (size, number concentration, etc.).Include further particulate characterisation dimensions (surface area, chemical composition, etc.).Provide coherent, consistent and transparent information on representative emission factors of current and future vehicle technologies.

Scientific ObjectivesTo review the instrumentation and sampling techniques used so far for particulate characterisation.To develop a harmonised sampling protocol for the definition of exhaust aerosol sampling conditions.To use this protocol in a detailed measurement campaign which will cover most of the existing and near future fuels and vehicle technologies.To produce an adequate database with appropriate emission factors for particulates and other unregulated pollutants associated with them.

Major Project InnovationsThe development of a common harmonised sampling methodology to be used as input to development at other levels.The development of a clear baseline in terms of emission factors or emission profiles for the physical and chemical characterisation of particulates.The investigation of the effects of future technologies on the emissions of particulates and other associated non regulated pollutants.The added value regarding the fate of particulates after dilution in the atmosphere.

Contribution to EU PoliciesParticulate matter regulations under the auspices of the Ambient Air Quality Assessment and Management Directive (97/62/EEC).Initiative Clean Air For Europe (CAFE) is targeting particulates as a key atmospheric pollutant.Ex-ante clustered proposals.Task 2.2.2/3: In service test procedures for road vehicle emissions.Task 2.2.2/1: Thematic network on transport and the environment.

Contribution to Community Social Objectives: EnvironmentVehicle exhaust particulates are considered the primary source of urban aerosol. Information produced in the framework of thid project will be used for inventorying purposes, air quality modelling and accurate apportionment of urban aerosol to the road transport sector to allow a more efficient policy making.Investigation of the technically feasible measures to decrease the environmental pressure by road transport produced particulates

Contribution to Community Social Objectives: Life quality, health & safetyControl of high urban particulate concentration will be beneficial to citizens health because of interception to:Acute health effects (toxic effects, headaches, etc.)Chronic health effects (asthma, cancers?, etc.)

Visibility improvementsMaterial damage (soiling of surfaces, wear of building materials, etc.)

Economic Development and S&T Prospects: Community Added Value

Project output/

Result

Range of Applications

Expected Impact

Timing

Partner(s) responsible

for exploitation

Relevance of current PM emission standards and further aspects of particulate properties to be taken into account

Support towards the identification of directions to be taken by policy makers

Critical position against current emission measurement procedures.

Report available in 35 months

LAT: co-ordination,All: dissemination

Economic Development and S&T Prospects: Social / Environmental Impact

Project output/

Result

Range of Applications

Expected Impact

Timing

Partner(s) responsible

for exploitation

Development of PM emission calculation methodology and relevant factors for current fleet (gasoline LDV, diesel LDV, HDV)

Emission inventorying and detailed input to air-quality modelling

Accurate estimation of particulate emissions from road transport to enhance efficient policy making


LAT: co-ordination, All: dissemination

Detailed characterisation of exhaust particulates

Input to medical studies and to ambient aerosol physics / chemistry modelling

Assistance to medical research by covering a field were little is known. Acceleration of relevant studies.


LAT: co-ordination, All: dissemination

Overview of the Consortium - 1

Org. Name

Country

No of

Empl.

Business Activity

RTD Role in project

LAT/AUTh

GR

4000

University, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering

Project management and co-ordination, emission measurements, data analysis

Concawe

B

S3

Oil Industries Organisation for Environment, Health and Safety

Emission measurements on light duty vehicles, provision of fuels, data analysis

Volvo

S

52000

Automotive Manufacturer

Emission measurements on heavy duty engines, data analysis

AVL

AUT

S6

Development of Power-trains, Instrumentation and Test Systems

Emission measurements on heavy duty engines

EMPA

CH

730

Laboratory for Materials Testing and Research - Department Combustion Engines/Furnaces

Primary responsible for the development of the common sampling protocol, emission tests at subzero temperatures

MTC

S

40

Research Institute for Vehicle Emissions

Emission tests at subzero temperatures, testing of alternative fuels

TUT

FIN

S6

University, Institute of Physics

Definition of particulate properties to be measured, relevant instrumentation techniques, contribution to the sampling protocol, support to the emission tests

TUG

AUT

S3


Emission measurements on heavy duty vehicles, alternative fuels, roadside measurements

VKA

D

135


Influence of sulphur content on ultrafine particles

depending on dilution ratio and temperature

IFP

F

1800

Research Centre in Engines, Fuels and Emissions

Contribution to the development of measurement methodology, testing of aftertreatment devices

Overview of the Consortium - 2

Org. Name

Country

No of

Empl.

Business Activity

RTD Role in project

AEAT

UK

S7

Research Institute in Vehicle Emissions

Contribution to the development of measurement methodology, testing of aftertreatment devices, effect of oil consumption, tests at subzero temperatures

DG-JRC

NL

S6

Institute for Advanced Materials

Activation analysis of the particulate matter, investigation of PM sources

REGIENOV

F

S7

Automotive Manufacturer

Provision of in house experience to the development of the protocol, selection of vehicles and techniques, data analysis

INRETS

F

410

Research organisation, Lab for Transport & Environment, Emission Assessment

Development/provision of real world cycles, emission measurements on current light duty vehicles

DEKATI

FIN

S3

Aerosol Technology Company

Development of a prototype sampling system, support to the round robin tests

Stockholm University

S

S7

University, Department of Analytical Chemistry

Development of sampling and analytical techniques for determination of PAH in diesel particle size distributions

DHEUAMS

GR

S7

University, Medical School, Department of Epidemiology

Health effects of particulates

INERIS

F

200

Environmental and Health Effects Institute

Health effects of particulates

TRL

UK

400

Transport Research Laboratory

Non exhaust particulates measurements

LWA

UK

S2

Environmental Consultancy

Support to the dissemination of results and presentation of results for decision makers

Work Programme OutlineDefinition of the exhaust aerosol properties which will be examined and evaluation of the available measurement instruments and techniques.Development and introduction of a harmonised protocol for the definition of exhaust aerosol sampling conditions.Examination of the particulate emissions of current light duty vehicles and heavy duty engines.Investigation of the influence of engine technology, fuel quality and after-treatment on particulate emissions.

Project Workplan: Tasks 100-200

Empty table for borders

Workpackage descriptionPartners ManMonthsDuration / Critical path: See milestone list

1st year2nd year3rd year

Partner 1Partner 2Partner 3Partner 4Partner 5Partner 6Partner 7Partner 8Partner 9Partner 10Partner 11Partner 12Partner 13Partner 14Partner 15Partner 16Partner 17Partner 18Partner 19TOTAL246810122468101224681012

100 Project management and co-ordination

110 General project management

120 Specific project management

200 Analysis of collected experience and refinement of existing knowledge

210 Literature review

220 Critical review of sampling methods

230 Review of instrumentation techniques

240 Identification users of emissions data requirements

300 Selection of particulate properties and instrumentation

310 Particulate properties to be recorded and analysed

320 Selection of instrumentation

400 Investigations for the definition of sampling conditions

410 The relevance of the dilution tunnel

420 Dilution ratio

430 Temperature distribution along sampling line

440 Residence time along sampling line

450 Use of secondary devices

460 Round robin test

500 Selection of vehicles, fuels, emission controls and testing conditions

510 Selection of vehicle technologies to be tested

520 Selection of fuels to be used

530 Test of emission reduction techniques

540 Testing conditions

600 Testing of vehicles

700 Evaluation of results / Final report

TOTAL MANMONTH

In year 1

In year 2

In year 3

Final table (2)

Workpackage descriptionDuration / Critical path: Milestone


246810122468101224681012




130 Communication establishment with research bodies

140 Exploitation and dissemination of project output


210 Selection of relevant particulate properties

220 Measurement techniques

230 Sampling Methods

240 Selection of intruments for round-robin tests

250 Identification of users of emissions data requirements

Reporting Periods

Workpackage descriptionDuration / Critical path: See milestone list


246810122468101224681012


410 Demands

420 Key Parameters

430 Measuring programme

440 Provisional protocol

450 Round-robin tests

460 Harmonised protocol

470 Dilution system


510 Vehicle selection

520 Fuel selection

530 Emission reduction techniques

540 Overall test conditions

550 Roadside measurements

Reporting Periods



246810122468101224681012


610 Tests on LDVs

620 Tests on HDVs

630 Alternative fuels

640 Advanced engines & aftertreatment

650 Sub-zero

660 Oil consumption



710 Database and analysis

720 Emission factors

730 Final summary report

Reporting Periods

6 m

Mid-term

Final

12 m

24 m

30 m

6 m

Mid-term

Final

12 m

24 m

30 m

6 m

Mid-term

Final

12 m

24 m

30 m

Final table



246810122468101224681012






210 Literature review on health effects





310 Selection of properties


330 Evaluation

340 Final selection of quantities

350 Selection of instruments for round-robin tests


410 Demands

420 Key Parameters





470 Dilution system



520 Fuel selection





610 Tests on LDVs

620 Tests on HDVs



650 Sub-zero

660 Oil consumption






Reporting Periods

6 m

Mid-term

Final

12 m

24 m

30 m



















420 Dilution ratio












TOTAL MANMONTH

In year 1

In year 2

In year 3

Final table (2)



246810122468101224681012













330 Evaluation



Reporting Periods



246810122468101224681012


310 Demands from sampling conditions

320 Key Parameters





370 Dilution system



420 Fuel selection




460 Non-exhaust particulate measurements definition

Reporting Periods



246810122468101224681012


610 Tests on LDVs

620 Tests on HDVs



650 Sub-zero

660 Oil consumption






Reporting Periods

6 m

Mid-term

Final

12 m

24 m

30 m

6 m

Mid-term

Final

12 m

24 m

30 m

6 m

Mid-term

Final

12 m

24 m

30 m

Final table



246810122468101224681012













330 Evaluation




410 Demands

420 Key Parameters





470 Dilution system



520 Fuel selection





610 Tests on LDVs

620 Tests on HDVs



650 Sub-zero

660 Oil consumption






Reporting Periods

6 m

Mid-term

Final

12 m

24 m

30 m



















420 Dilution ratio












TOTAL MANMONTH

In year 1

In year 2

In year 3

Final table (2)



246810122468101224681012













330 Evaluation



Reporting Periods



246810122468101224681012


410 Demands

420 Key Parameters





470 Dilution system



520 Fuel selection




Reporting Periods



246810122468101224681012


510 Tests on LDVs

520 Tests on HDVs



550 Sub-zero

560 Oil consumption


580 Non exhaust particulate measurents





Reporting Periods

6 m

Mid-term

Final

12 m

24 m

30 m

6 m

Mid-term

Final

12 m

24 m

30 m

6 m

Mid-term

Final

12 m

24 m

30 m

Final table



246810122468101224681012













330 Evaluation




410 Demands

420 Key Parameters





470 Dilution system



520 Fuel selection





610 Tests on LDVs

620 Tests on HDVs



650 Sub-zero

660 Oil consumption






Reporting Periods

6 m

Mid-term

Final

12 m

24 m

30 m

Project Products OutlineA detailed framework for a future vehicle particulate sampling and measurement methodology.Input to emissions modelling tools, in relation to existing knowledge, in terms of usable emission factors for current vehicles.Assessment of the effectiveness of the technical measures for reducing particulate emissionsUseful input to medical studies.

Overview of the Deliverables - 1

Deliverable

No

Delivery date

Output from W.P. Nr.

Nature of Deliverable and brief description

D1

3

100

REPORT: Inception report

D2

6

200

REPORT: Vehicle exhaust particulates characterisation-properties, instrumentation and sampling requirements

D3

12

300

REPORT: Sampling conditions and relevant protocol for particulate characterisation

D4

12

300

PROTOTYPE: Dilution sampling system

D5

12

400

REPORT: Detailed test matrix and overall test conditions, incl. definition of roadside and non-exhaust particulate measurements

D6

20

500

REPORT: Intermediate report on the emission measurements (focus on current vehicles)

D7

28

500

REPORT: Roadside measurements results

D8

28

500

REPORT: Non-exhaust particulate measurements results

Overview of the Deliverables - 2

Deliverable

No

Delivery date

Output from W.P. Nr.

Nature of Deliverable and brief description

D9

28

600

REPORT: Preliminary proposal for a PM emission methodology and relevant emission factors

D10

34

600

REPORT, METHODOLOGY and DATA FILE: Development of PM emission calculation methodology and relevant factors for current fleet (gasoline LDV, diesel LDV, HDV)

D11

35

600

REPORT: Particulate characterisation from current vehicles

D12

35

600

REPORT: Particulate and PM characterisation in non-legislative conditions (cold start effects, high power effects, etc.)

D13

35

720

REPORT: Effects on particulate emissions and relevant emission factors of anticipated future engine and exhaust aftertreatment technologies complying with future emission standards

D14

35

600

REPORT: Effects on particulate emissions and relevant emission factors of fuel quality

D15

35

600

REPORT: Relevance of current PM emission standards and further aspects of particulate properties to be taken into account

D16

36

600

REPORT: Final summary report of the project

ImpactsThe whole project should be seen in the frame of an integrated effort towards the understanding of particulate generation, particulate evolution in the atmosphere (ageing) and finally particulate impact on human heath. This effort may lead to the efficient decision-making concerning air quality improvement and citizens welfare. It is also self evident that it will contribute to the competitiveness of the European industry and the European technological progress.

” particulates „ characterisation of exhaust particulate emissions from road vehicles key action...

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