© oxford university press, 2008. all rights reserved. 1 chapter 9 chapter 9 landscapes, sediments,...
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© Oxford University Press, 2008. All rights reserved.1
Chapter 9
CHAPTER 9
LANDSCAPES,
SEDIMENTS, AND SOIL
DEVELOPMENT
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© Oxford University Press, 2008. All rights reserved.1
Chapter 9
THE LITHOSPHERE AND THE LANDSCAPE
• Multi-lithology landscapes
• Landscape development
– Davis’s theory of landscape evolution
– The nine-unit land surface model
• Landscapes and the inheritance factor
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© Oxford University Press, 2008. All rights reserved.1
Chapter 9
CLIMATE AND LANDFORMS
• Arid landscapes
• Humid temperate landscapes
• Climate and time
• Landform combinations – physiographic regions
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© Oxford University Press, 2008. All rights reserved.1
Chapter 9
SOILS AND THEIR PROPERTIES• Horizonation• Soil texture – conventional size ranges• Soil structure• Organic matter in soils• Soil colour• Soil permeability• Soil pH
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© Oxford University Press, 2008. All rights reserved.1
Chapter 9
SOIL-FORMING FACTORS
• Jenny’s equation
• Parent material
• Climate
• Organisms
• Relief (topography)
• Time
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© Oxford University Press, 2008. All rights reserved.1
Chapter 9
SOIL-FORMING PROCESSES
• Additions
• Losses
• Transfers
• Transformations
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© Oxford University Press, 2008. All rights reserved.1
Chapter 9
DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL TYPES• Classification systems in different countries • Soils and landscapes in Australia
– Ancient deeply weathered landscapes– Erosional landscapes– Fluvial landscapes– Aeolian landscapes– Carbonate-rich landscapes– Coastal landscapes– Alpine and subalpine landscapes
• Soil landscape mapping