© oup: to be used solely in purchaser’s school or college part 1 – rock review rock types...

© OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college

Part 1 – Rock Review

Rock types

Changing rocks

The rock cycle

The Rock Cycle


Directions

To view this presentation properly click “slideshow’ then “From Beginning”.

Go through the presentation and create a chart on each type of rock and how they form. Include a description, where they are found, and sketch an example.

Rock Name Formation Description Where Sketch

IGNEOUS

SEDIMENTARY

METAMORPHIC


Rock types

The Rock Cycle


Name that rock...

Believe it or not, rocks can be classified into groups – just like living organisms.

The three main groups are:

igneous sedimentary metamorphic

What are the clues to help classify rocks?

?


Sedimentary

Usually found close to the surface where weathering occurs.

Grains often visible.

Fossils can be present.

Often porous (let water pass through easily).

Sedimentary rocks – form from sediments that get cemented together.


Igneous rocks

Tough rocks with no plates visible.

Some have crystals

No fossils present – EVER!

Igneous rocks – form when molten rock cools and hardens.


Rock factory

A volcano is a giant rock factory.

Magma (molten rock) from below the ground is pushed to the surface and cools to form igneous rocks.


Metamorphic rock

Are made deep in the earth’s crust

Beds often have wavy bands, but can also be a solid color.

Often very dense.

Metamorphic rocks – form from other rocks being under extreme heat and pressure.


Go through the next slides and practice identifying rocks based on the picture and

clues.

Practice


Your first specimen...

Crystals visible

Very tough rock

Water cannot pass through (not porous)

Is it sedimentary, igneous or metamorphic?

Igneous!

Clues:

What is this?


How about this one...

Fossils present

Very porous

Layers visible

Sedimentary!

Clues:

?



And this one...

Grains very small

Clear layers

Not porous

No fossils

Metamorphic!

Clues:

?



Last chance...

Grains very small

No layers

Not porous

No fossils

Metamorphic!

Clues:

?



1. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma produced by volcanoes.

2. Sedimentary rocks never contain fossils.

3. Igneous rocks are usually very porous.

4. Sedimentary rocks often have layers.

5. Granite is a metamorphic rock.

True or false?

True or false?

TRUE

FALSE

FALSE

TRUE

FALSE


Changing rocks

The rock cycle


All change!

The two processes together (weathering and transportation) are called erosion.

Reminder:

Rocks may last a long time but they do change.

Even tough igneous rocks may be broken down to smaller particles. We call this process weathering.

Small particles may be moved to new areas. We call this transportation.


Squeezing rocks

What happens to particles from eroded rock?

Sediments may be laid down by water. Over many years the sediments build up and stick together to form a new sort of rock.

Sometimes earthquakes and volcanoes bury old rocks underground. Very high temperatures and pressures change these rocks into new ones called metamorphic rocks.


The Rock Cycle Review

Click on the numbers in the next slide to got through the stages of the rock cycle.Then, take the quiz!

The rock cycle


The rock cycle


1. Metamorphic rocks are made by…

a) heat and pressure acting on other rocks

b) particles dropping out of suspension in streams and rivers

c) a small factory outside Manchester.

2. Which of these would you NOT find in sedimentary rocks…

a) fossils

b) layered structure

c) interlocking crystals of minerals.

Rock cycle quiz


3. The rock cycle is…

a) a way to explain how types of rocks are converted to other forms

b) an explanation of how heating and cooling can break down rocks

c) a musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber.

4. You could find the density of a rock sample by…

a) dividing its mass by its volume

b) dividing its volume by its mass

c) multiplying its volume by its mass.

Rock cycle quiz


5. Slow cooling of magma produces rocks with…

a) large crystals

b) small crystals

c) no crystals.

6. You can dissolve the carbonate in a limestone sample using

a) hydrochloric acid

b) cold water

c) boiling water.

Rock cycle quiz


Part 2 - Mineral Identification Review

Purpose of Review:•to observe the physical properties of minerals•to test physical properties and identify minerals

1


DirectionsCreate a chart explaining how we test mineral

properties. Each item should include a sketch to show how it is done.

Test Name How to do it What it looks like

color

streak

luster

Cleavage/fracture

Hardness


Mineral Identification

What is a mineral???????

Mineral Definition (5 parts)

• Naturally occurs• Solid• Inorganic (non-living)• Definite chemical composition• Crystalline structure

2


Physical properties of Minerals

Minerals are identified using physicalproperties.

Mineral Physical Properties:

• color• streak - color of powder• luster - reflection of light• hardness• special mineral properties

4


Physical Properties – Mineral ID

Color

Color is the most noticeable physical property but the least accurate.

The same mineral can occur in many different colors. Do not trust color.

Observation in the next slide:

The same mineral can be red, green, blue, white, clear, and many other colors.

7


Different color fluorite minerals

8


Physical Properties – Mineral ID

StreakWhat - Streak is the Color of the powdered residue left on a small tile.

How - The mineral is scratched across the streak plate and the color of the powdered residue is observed.

Observation on the Next Slide:

Scratch a line over a streak plate (small white tile). Observe the color of the powdered residue left on it.

9


10


LusterIs how the mineral reflect light. Is the mineral

metallic or non-metallic? Just look at it.

Metallic Non-metallicresembles polished metal glossy(silver, gold, copper) vitreous (glassy)

waxy, greasyearthy (concrete)resinousgreasypearly

Observation on Next Slide:Allow the light to reflect off the fresh mineral surface and determine if the mineral is metallic or non-metallic

11


Cleavage Planes

Cleavage represents the tendency of a mineral to break leaving flat sides.

Observation on the Next Slide:Look for the flat cleavage planes by rotating the

mineral and observing.

13


Brakes along planes of weaknessBrakes along planes of weakness

Cleavage surfacesCleavage surfaces

Flashes of light (Checking for cleavage)

14


15


Fracture surfaces represent:

Minerals that break without a pattern fracture. When broken, smaller pieces will not repeat themselves.

Observation on the Next Slide:

Look for cracks and fractures. Notice the random jagged pattern.

16


Conchoidal fracture (dished shaped features)Conchoidal fracture (dished shaped features)

17


Hardness

How hard is the mineral – or how the mineral resists scratching. German mineralogist – Friedrich Moh (1773-1839) created the Moh’s scale of hardness with Talc being #1 the softest and diamond being #10 the hardest.

Observation on the Next Slide:What scratches a mineral? Start with the softest item and if it does not scratch move to the next item. 18

© OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college19

If you discover a mineral that you can scratch with your fingernail and a penny, but it will not leave a scratch on glass, what is its hardness?

Hardness of 4 -5


Special mineral properties:

Reaction to Acid – Mineral will fizz when subjected to acid.

Magnetism – Magnets are attracted to the mineral.

Double refraction – An image beneath the mineral is repeated

or doubled.

Odor– How the mineral smells.

Taste – Does the mineral have taste??

21


Acid reaction(fizzing)Acid reaction(fizzing)

22

Magnetism

© oup: to be used solely in purchaser’s school or college part 1 – rock review rock types...

Documents

purchasers school

college metamorphic

college sedimentary

rock cycle slide

igneous rocks form

college rock types

college rock factory

sedimentary rocks form