~encalogiSJt.

'l'JIE OUTGIN OF THE STEWATITS A~D THEIR CHESXEY CONNEXIO:X.

ALA~ Frrz li'LAALD THE Fmsr.

Since the publication in my last hook! of the paper on "The Origin of the Stewarts," certain additional facts have come or been brought t-o my notice. I propose in the following pages to put these together as supplementing the information there gi vcn,

The chief novelty produced in my paper was the npp(camnl'c of a "J~loat filius Alan i dapifcri," as a "baron " of "\Yilliam Fit.r. Baderou, the J;rcton Lord of Monmouth, together with the explana­ tion that I offered for their appearing in conjunction. I showed that the Lords of ::\Ionmouth came from the two a<ljoining c•om­ mnne<1 of Epiniac and La Boussac, close to Do1, while the family of Alan Fib: Flanld were clapifai of Dol, and r.hat the two families are found, in England, as bonefactors to the A bbey of St. Florent de Saumur, which had enlisted the sympathies of the Lords of Dol. It was at the dedication of Monmouth Priory as a cell of that abbey that William Fitz Baderon and "Float filius Alani dapiferi " appear in conjunctiou.>

Now a charter relating to the nun11e1·y of St. George of Hennes. which was grnnted bv · \Villiam's father Baderon, has " •. \Janus filius li'laalrli';, for it.s ·first witness. Here- then we have not onlv the two families brought, into conjunction in Britanny as in Englanri, but, it would seem, the respective fathers of the men named in the Monmouth charter.

Auuo 1040. , . • Baderon villam Beren cum flliu su,, Snncto Geori;io tribuit. in cujus

servitio pro salute ~ju~ anime illnm mouialem dedicavit .. nnnucuto Guilleluio ejus filio, in prosentia Ilivulloui filii .Iohanuis, Jta<lult't Filiceusis, ex quorum dominio te1T,1 ernt .•.. Huie douo suut tcstos : Al.mus filius Fb:dcli ; Herveus piucernn : Juhellus fllius Trvodii ; Aufredus cervus : Beru.irdus ; Rivallouus dulcet et filiu8 ejus ; Hubertus ; Hcrveus filius Hubert] Bricucius nepos Fulcouii : Obcrtus nepos Gurlinudi ; Garinus presbyter ; Beruardus nepos

· Ricalaclri.:

It will be observed that William Fitz Iladeron, the Domosdav Daron, giws hi,; consent to his father's donation, and that tho;c

1 Studies in Pecraqe nml Famil.'f Ilistorv, ~ Caloular of /),,rumcnt., Preserved. in Fronce, Xo, 113fi. S,,ci,,t.,, Archdologiqu» d'Illo et \'ilain,•, vol. xi, pp. :.?ril-2.

n

0 .:., THE ORIGJX OF THE :-:-TE\\'.-\RTS

111 whose p1·1's(:11cl' it. is made arc tlu- Lords of Doll and of (Plcinc) Fougt·l'<'s in the north-cast curnor or Britanny. Further, among the chartt't's I sel<·dl:'d, when in France. as throwing light on the origin of the Str-warts, we have one, which I date circa 1080, concerning tithes at Pleine Fouge•rf's, which ha.~ among its witnesses "Radt>rn ; Guil!Pl1110 (.,fr) filius ejus ; . . . Herveux pincernn," while another, which is actually dated ~3 December 108G, is witnPssecl by "Hi1dulfus de }'ilgr'.t·iis / Alanus da]>.ifrr: Hervous hotr-llnrius." Yet another, which I also elate rirc« 10:--0, has for its first two witnesses ".,\Janu.s siniscnllus ; H"aclPro. ''::

Although the editor of the uhove charter g:we it.s dute as l 0-10, he di.d not mention from what source this date was rk-ri,-Prl, and putting t,>gether the evidence ] ha Ye given, we shall be strongly disposed to datP it as circa 1080-1090. nut the all­ important qur-stiou is- "\\'ho was its ":\ lanus filiu.s Flaaldi "1 I a111 forced to. !110 conclusion that he must have lJpen the man whom I placrd at the head of the prdigrc<' a:-; "Alan Dapifei­ (Dolcnsis).": Tf I am right in this conjecture, he was the grandfa:.ltf'!' and namesake of tlu- well-known Alan Fitz Flauld temp. Henry T, and thr- nu nu- of his father cnrrics the pedigree a generation fu rther hack."

Before> kaYing the n.ncestot-s of the Stewart» I should like to add one detail to the information in my hook. T t here cxpluinc.I that Jordan Fitz Alan, Lord of Tuxford, Xotts, and da1,i/a of Dol, held some land in Lincolnshire (pp. vii, 1~7). This laud T have now identified as at Broughton-on-Brant (to the east of Newark-on-Trent), which is found in the hands of hi.~ grnnrl­ daughter Olive, wife of noger dP :.'.fo11tlicgo11 ( Test«, p. :1G!)). Two fines relate to this estate in :.\[r. ::\fa,-singhenl's Lincolnshire Final Concord» (pp. D7, 17G), and the first of these records the exchange, by Olive, of the advowson uf Tuxford for that of Broughton."

TnE Sm;;o:-m ~Lrn1uMm OF AYELIXA, "\\·1.-E OF ..\LAX FITZ Fu_\LD nrn Sr.coxo.

3Ir. Evton was aware that Alan Fitz Flaald wa« survived hv his wido~,- Avelina, daughter of Ernulf de Hesdin, although lie identified her with (as I have shown") an entirely diflorent pe1·s11n, Adeliza, wife of Hubert Baldran, and motlier of Rybil, Lady of

1 "Rinillonius rlominus Doli cnsni, filius Johannis urchiepiscopi " gives his consent to l\ charter of 1095 (see my Studies. p. 12'.!).

~ The Ralf "Filicen.~i.~" of the document in the text. He occurs '" a tenant- in-chief in Domesday l\t the same time.

3 Calendar of Documents Preserved in France, Nos. lli\2-4. 4 See my Studies, p. 12!J. s In this CMc it would be he, and 1wL the crusader Alan of 109i, who occurs

as "Alan dnpifer " in the documents of circa 1 OSO. 6 As this Broughton was in Lovedcu \\0npcnt,1kc, we nre enabled to connect it

directly with her grnn,lfather Junlnu Fitz Alnu by 11n entry nu p. 11~ of the Pipe Holl of 1130 :-·" Idem Yicceomes debct x x 111:11·,·as argeut i pro p,1<·e fr,ll·t.1 in Loveudene \\'npcnt,1c, de homiuil-us 1:.«lulfi .lc .-1 lbiui et .lurdaui filii Alaui."

• St udir« i11 P •. aa9c and Family llislol'y, pp. 12S-l31.

.-\XD THEIR CHESXF:Y COXXEXIOX. 3

\\'obton (Warwickshire), which S.d>il hr- made accordingly a daughter of Alan Fitz Fluulrl.! :-::ince t hr-n it has been discovered that his widow A veliua became t.he wifo of Hohcd, Fitz Walter. \\ ho joined with her in co11firn1in,:.;- to ~t. Peter's Abbey, Gloucestershire, in 112G, the ehurch of (Chipping) Xorton, Oxfordshire, which had been giwn long before by her mother Enuneline, wife of Ernulf de Hesdin." At this point our knowledge stopped. But a ;;triking enufirmn tion can now be adduced. Ernnlf. de Hesrlin's Oxfordshire possessions consisted, in I 08(), of Norton (1 !) 1- hides) and LPdwell (1 hide) in the north of the county, and Black Bourton C, hides) in the south." Now the list of remitted contributions to Dunegeld in 1130, under Oxfordshire, is headed " Roberto filio \\T alteri xxxii s, Pt vj d."! This represents the amount due on 1 G l hides, which was ,,,,'({{:tly the joint total of (Chipping) Norton, and Ledwell. Black Bourton, we see, is omitted. Whv l Itecause, as the Testa JH'1H"es, it belonged to that portion of· Ernulf'» Innds which passed to Patrick "de Cadurcis." :N" othing could well be neater. But who was this Robert. Fitz \Valte1·, the husband of Alan's

widow l He was n man of some consequence, who enjoyed the favour of HPmT I. One of the few real students of earlv fr-u.lnl genealogy, :\fr. JI. ,T. Ellis, of the British )luseum, has d1:awn my attention to thr- curtularios of Castle Acre Priory and of :-;t,, Jolm's Abbey, Colchester, The fornie» contains a charter granted by William Ban lu If " pro 'auirua Alaui filio :Fla haldi et pro an ima (A) Itoberti fllii Walteri rt (n) .Iohaunis filii ejus et pro animu (c) \\~illehni de Chaincto.t" which is confirmed bv "".illelmus filius Roberti filii \\~aheri.''G The Colchester ca1·tulat.'\' contains mention of Hobert Fitz \\'alte1· and Aveline, his wife.· I shall hope to combine this evidence below.

1 Sh1·npsl,fre, vii, 221-223, 228. ~ I subjoin the relevant pass>tges from the charters in vol. ii of the Gloucester

Cartulury (Rolls Series) :- Sciaut- prescnt es et futuri <1t101l ego Emelina nxor Ernulfi de Hest ink pro

salute dornini mei et mea et patris et mut.ris et anteccssorum meorum dedi Deo et Suucto Petro et mouacliis Gloucestri.c ecclcsium de Xorthona, etc .... (p. 45). Robertus Dci gr,rti,1 Lincolniensis episcopus ... Xolum sit quod concerlirnus

Pt episcopali nuctoritute confir-mrunus donn tionem quam Iecit Emelin« nxor Ernulfi do Hesdiuc abbat i et monachis Siuict i Petri Gloucest rire, scilicet ccclesinm de Xorthona (p, 46).

(11 it\) Ego Ro.lbertus fllius Walter] et Avelinn nxor mea coucedimus Deo et. Sancto Petro et Willehn» abbati et convcut ui <le Gloucestria ecclesinm Jc ·;-fortuua .•. sicut Emelina mater Avulime eis don.ivit (p, 4~).

Stcplmuus rcx Angloruui lt11bPrto Iilio Walt eri et minist ris snis s.ilutem. Precipio 'fUO<I justc resaisiat is ahL,1t£'111 1IC' Gloucostria ck ccclesia sun ,1~ Xor­ thoun <le terris et deciuiis, etc .•.. sicut fuit die qua re x Heuricus novissime mare transivit 111! cun,lem in l\'onnanni,nn. Et nisi fcceris \\',lltcrus archi­ diaconus cle Oxonia faciat ne inde nrnplius clamorcin uurlintn pro penuri« plcui recti (p. 40).

a Domesday, fo. 160. ' Hot .. l'ip., :11 lien. l, p. !',. s Harl. )IS. 2110, fo. S. r have inserted the bracketed capital letters for

ideutifleutiou. C Jbi1l., fo. 1 '.! ,J.

4 THE ORHaX OF THE :--TE\\".ATIT:3

Let us ruennwhile turn to another quarter, where I find definite evidence on Hobert Fitz "'alter and his sons, namelv tht> Norfolk Cart«. Jh,1·01111m of llGG. ·

Carta Robtl'ti ruu ll"alteri. Robertus (.\) filius Waltcri tenuit ~[or et Fileby dono ltegis Henrie! nnn«

et die 1111c ip-e Hex Hcnricus fuit vivus et inortuus pe1· servitium j milit is et Johann~s (B) Iilius ejus pust eum ; et postca \\"illeln1us (c) . . Et \\"illel111u., (c) hubet., de dono doinini Hegia, Dliel,m·ctun in Suthiukia

per servitium j militis.! The persons named have not, so fat· as I know, been -identifled,

nor has it been pointed out that, the heading of the return is mislcadinsr, as HolJert l•'itz Walter liverl in the clan; of Henrv I am! was· dead many y('rtl's before 11 GG. Now whZ.n we compai-e the three names in the Castle Acre charter above with the three in this return, \\'C find that the order is the same, for thev are, I may add, identical. And this iclent itv ·is clinched hv an· ent rv in tit~ 'J'e.'<frt d,i i\rl'l'ill, which records that Remy II gaY'c Blyburuh to \\.illiam "de Kosnot," the William of the above Cart« of l lGG.~ Let us now turn to another source. In the Ilnmsey cartulary

(i, 1-18) we hnse a document of "l l l-l--11:1:3," which shows U8 Hobert (A) Fitz 'iValtf•r acting as Slwriff of Norfolk, and one of the witnesses to which is ,Jo!tn (n), his son. \Yith this clue we at once rc,cognise Hoborf Fitz '\\"alter as Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk in the Pipe Roll of 11 :10, whore we find h« had gone out of otlice at Michnclmus 1 l:?!l (p. 90). That h<' lived on into Stepl1('t1's reign is shown by a charter of that king being addressed to him.? His son Jolm is subsequently found in possession of his otllce of Sheriff, a fact which we learn from "The Life and Miracles of St. William of Norwich."! He <lied in 01· about 1146--by the judgment of God, it was alleged, for protecting the Norwich J'ews,?

\V1LLIA,1 DR CHESXEY, A n:LlXA's STEPsox. Williain <le Chesnev, the next brother, who succeeded to the

lands · of the fanrilv; is found as Sheriff" from Easter l l:)7 to Michnelmns 116,3. lfc must have received Blvburgl: about Cluistmas 1157, for the Michaelmas Holl of l 108 shows that he had been in possession of it fur three quarters, Xow Blomcficlrl says that the charter granting it passed at Lincoln, and as Henry II, \\'(' know, was crowned there at Cln-istmas 1157, the evidence tits to perfection. In addition to the small fief which '\\.illiam held i11 capite, as recorded in the Cart« of l lGG, he was an under-tenant

I Red Book of th e Erchequer, p. 40'.?. ' "Blihorgh fuit clominicum domirri H0;.:is H. l"'tri• domiui n•gis .T. <'L dominus

Rex Hcuricus ,!edit m,111criu111 illu,t Willelmo ilc K<'.<11ct pc1· sci-vrcium fro,li uuius milit.is et 1110,I,, tenet Ilobert ns tllius 1:n;,:eri uumcrium illud per idem serviciuru " (Return of 1212 i11 Testa, p. 2!lJ\,

:, Seo p. 3, note 2 above, 4 Ed . Jcssopp and J,1111cd (1S96), pp. axxiii-xxxiv, '.?!l. 4li, 111,2. ~ tbut, G nu.. J'Jl· 128, 1 re,

.-\XD TJJEir. cnrsxnv COXXEXIOX. 5

on a very laree scale. Of Robert de Stafford· he held one fr,e, of Earl de Ferrers one. of Hascuil )lua;.;ud a half, "i the Abbot of St. Edrnund's ·011e, ,,f the Earl of Heriford one. oi Hubert de Itvc one.! and oi J!o;Ier de +Cheneteswelle " (a-, William de Cl11::.-m1:y, • ",,f Sorwich ,.) one.,! Hut he was al-o known (from Iris office of Sheriff) as William " de S orwich " tont court.i It was under this name that lie was entered <J!I the rolls of 1168 and 11 iJ as pa yin~ scutage on the one fee that he held as a tenant in. caplte, and was also returned as holdinz, in l]Gf,, one fee r,i the Bi-hop oi Ely.:' He i.-; also i proved hy the Colchester Cartularv? to have held the valuable manor of Ling in ~orfolk, whi~h was Count Alan's in Domevlay (ii, Hi). This eventually passed to hi'> eldest dan;hter, and ,·a'> included in the 21 fees which her second husband l!<,l,..rt Fitz , Hoger was returned as holdine (in her ri;:ht. ,,i course) oi the Honour of Britannv in Soriolk aud ~uffolk.;; But all the,,; ho'ldin;;s are iu-izniticant as compared with the

seven fee:. that liP held ,,i the Honour of Boule •. _'lle, six of them in Xorfolk, and one in E.,,-;r;x.; ..\II these pas-ed, with his elde-t dauzhtcr )[ar;:aret, to her second lruslxu«], J ~,,1:,ert Fitz l!<JZ~:-, the ·rfird of Clavering, Essex. But t hi-, a:;ain gin~., us the c:lu~ by_ which to identify hi-, even e'reatPr hoklinj; under the Honour of Eve. The second cntrv on the li-t oi it'> knichts, arnonc thP Cart,~ in the Lil,,,;- Ru&:;,;, (p. 41 l ,; i, "Hobcrtu, fJia, Roceri x rnilite-," nnrl these ten k11i~ht'>. ief~ must han~ I-J1?en inherited bv Hobert in,111 hi-; father-in-law \\.illiam "de ~orwid,.".._, · I ha \'C now traced "\\.ilJiam ,Jc Che-nev as the Ji,,Jrler oi flt)

fewer than twent v-seven fees or tlil'reab,-,ut--.· under sunrlrv "huw,ur; - and barons, a f~c:t- which will explain tl;c devolution · of a ;o<.,lly

1 This entrv is overlooked in t!ie i,,.-lex to the Libu r..1,0.1., E.o others alY.>

m:.y have ~n overlooked. . : Liler Ruleus, 1'1'· :!':i;,. 33!1, :::1:::, :::?:::, 400, ~9~. 41 o. In ll1e,e entries the

name occurs as "Cliain ti." "Cl11,i-mt:i," and '· Chei-ney," or .in ii. Latini-ed fonn) ·,1.5 "de Cai-neto," ",ie Chai-neto." It is foi.ml iu an ori;;iu.a.l ret cru as "de Chesn] ei],"

3 1 have repe,,te<ll)· c:.lle-1 attention to this 1·racticc Qf Sherif! t.alin; tl:1.:ir name from the chief town of their conut v,

• Liber r..,io11, p. 3-:i;,. The editorv kin,; unaware oi thi.- iJenti:y, h.. indexed the narue senarateiv with UQ cross-reference,

$ Printed ior the i:o:d,u(;:he Club. ' Li!,cr F.11~u1, I'· 4;~,. Ei:t compare G .• te·, ~ Honour oi r.id1m<>0<1." p;,. ~5.

-Ii, where "the heir of H<Y.:er <le Cre-sv ~ ,her heir bv her lir-: hu.-b,.:i.i i• returned as hoMiu; :!! iee, in Lir.;: .. Fynd~::1, ~e~i •n.l llt>:C-hdia:o and "Sm<pham," while l!oi,erl Fit.z P..-.,:er ther "'°'-"1•1 hu-Ion •• l i, enrere-I ,._ holrlio::; 1i fee- in l:u,lhaat. Linz. an-I ·· ))e:cbam." The ac-;our.: in - J;lncn~"'ei<t ~ [viii, :!~!IJ of the desccut oi l.iu; down lo t!,c time oi l\"ii:...ct·, ,l.r.u;btu,, is Yen· 1111"!odti,f:u:ton·.

~ ·' \\"illclu111~ •le ~ot"richo. 111,•lo Robertu= f.:iu, I! e~ri rij mi"it~ . . . in ~orivld."', seilicet. ,j milites ; in Chi·h·,l!e in t-:,-exA. j " /1, •• ('- :,;.;.)

1 fl. WM, lwff"e~<'r. •· a l..ter a,l,liti,,11.- tl,ou:::h fouo,I am,,n:: ;I...- Ccrtr.: ni ]lfi,j_ Ju 11!11; d,,. hul,liu.: ui 1:-,t<-n Fit,. l:.r.:.-r i• ::i,.-., "· 11 t1t·: 10 iee« ( li'"r l:H1.,..,._ I'· I l •i. 'Cl. Lile r r. •• 1,<t<,. I'· 11~ fr,,,11 1':t•' 1:,,11 uf l:!11 : ",l.- · j.,..1n l:_,,..nj

filii t:••.:<'n •• ., llvr, ('~ 1:;;l,ur,;!iJ 1 •• ,, ••• iit.1!1• ,ir ,1x..r1• •••••• li..c..-..li- \\'t,M',:iJ .;..­ ~ ••• -- i'l"O:•

6 THE OIUGIX OF THE f'.TE\L\RTS

number of manors. Of special interest among these arc those which were represented by the ten fees he held of the Honour of Eve. For these can be traced haek to 108G, when thev were held of Robert Malet lrv his ancestor Wnltei: ·de Cuen (C'odo,11(/) in the three eastern cot;ntie,;. Hi» father Hobert Fitz Walter is alleged to have been the son of this "" al ter <le Caeu, nor are their respective dates iucompat ihle with this. But William de Chesney! lived late for the grnnd:-;on of a Domesdav tenant. The Pipe Rolls prove that he did not die till lli.J. In a paper destined to appear in the E'.,,w:,; Ardw:nlc,yicrtl Tran­

sactions (July, 1901),~ I have dealt with the heirs of William de Chesney, and have shown that his eldest- daughter Margery, with almost the whole of his land, was bestowed bv Henrv II on a favoured officer, Hugh de Cressi," while the two 5·ounger·· daughters, Clemence and Sara, married .Iorrlun de 8ackville and Richard Engaine respectively. Oddly enough it is stated in the pedigrees of the Sackville and Engaine families that they were daughters of an Earl of Oxford l It is crroueouslv asserted in the ".Founrler's Genealogy of Horshruu St. l<'aith's,''. as below, that- both these sisters died withon t. issue, Sam left heirs Irv her h usbnnrl Richnrd Engaine, and the manor of Colnc, which ~-;he had brought them, was named from them Colne "Engainc."

'l'ns F,DIILY OF CHESXEY.

~\lthough the a how \Villiam bore the name "de Chesney," he derived it not from hix Iather, hut fro111 his mother :--,·bil. Earlv in the rei~n of Henrv I. Hobert Fitz Walter founrlerl a Ben;,~lictine house Lat Horslm1~1 :-:;t. 1''aith's, Norfolk, adjoining his own chief scat. at Horsford. His foundation charter proves that his wife was thou Sybil, and their son and heir Itoger.! Ego Hubertus Walteri filius N uxor mea uomiue Sibill« edificavimus ccclesiam

de Horsham . Sciutis iusuper quod predicta Sibillu ci-dcm concessit terrarn suam de Rudham, quam pater suus dedit in libcrum maricagium .. , ego Itobcrtus filius \\"altcri, Sibill» uxorc urea, Rogero, et e.ctcris filiis mcis conccden tibus, etc. • .•

In this case the "Gencalogia. Fundatoris ., appl•a1·s to he less untrustworthy· than usual. The pedigree it gives is this :-

1 There arc three references to this \Yilliam in the fragment- of the rct urns to the Inquest of Sheriffs in 11 ill (Liucr Hubcus, pp. cclxxi, cclx xix, cclxxxi), hut they are all erroneously indexed by the editor a, reten-iug, .uot, tu Willi,11u, but to a "\\"nit.er" de Chesucv,

: "The Manor of Colti°e Eugniue." • It is of genealogical interest Lu Bole that Lhi,; Hugh, who founde.l ,,

barouial house, und whose parentage wa< unknown to Dugdnle ( Bt1.ro1111:1c, I, iOS), names his father Hogc1· awl mot hcr Eu.,tal"ia, in 11. clnu-t cr cutercd in the Blyburgh Cart n lary (10th Ht'p,,rt Hist, )[::;:,,, .\]'I', I\", I'· 45i).

An importaut churt er re!ati11;; tn )laq.;,,ry her-elf will l.o fouu.l in Rut. Cl<art. I (1), :!O:.l. It, ,late i" :?:!IHI l>l'n:uil,t•r l:!14. anti 1,y it ,luhn i;mnts her '· jus in curiu l\l).,tra 1le hl'l't'clit;ttt~ ."-Wt q11;t111 pillt'l' ~uu_...; h,lhuit llit~ quo ol.iiit l't de t,.>t;t. Jier,•dit:t1l' q11:1111 vii i sui dl·dl'runt alii:-: ... 1·a:-lrn ,k• ~t1rwh .. ·\, reteutu in 111;11111 uo-t ru." 'l'hi« l.1,t cl.iu-» 11111.,t rcrer In tl11' IH·1·~,ti1.11·1· sln-levalt 1·. •

" .l/011;,sti,:on, iii, 6;;;,. ;. It wa."' given a.' a cell ln Cc,11cht'-"',

AXD THEIR CHI.:SXEY COXXEXIOX. 7 Half de Cayncto, "came at the Conquest."

r-----------..L---, John de Cayneto.1 Sibil.s=Robei-t Fitz Walter. r-------, ...L-----,

Roger, ob. s.p. John, "vieecomes," ob. s.p, William <le Cayneto. . r--- -------------..,----...L----,

(I) Hugh de Cresn·.=,=::\fargaret.=,=(2) Robert Fit.~ Roger. Cleurentia, Sara, · I I ob. s.p. ob. s.p.2

r--J L---, Roger de Cressy.3 John Fitz Robert .

..J,, . Ralf "de Cayneto," who heads the pedigree, was clearly the

Ralf who is entered in Domesday as holding at Rudluun of William de Warenne. And it is my belief that the land which he ga,·e there as a marriage portion with his daughter', aud which she gave, as we have seen, to Horsham St. Faith's, is represented by St. l<~aith's manor (alias Nm·thall) in West Hudbam, which is known to have been held by that house. In "Blomefield," it is true, we arc definitely told that this was the Rudharn manor held in chief by Petei· de Valognes in lOSG, and that "it came to the Lord Hobert Fib: Walter " as his heir (vii, 160), and was granted by him to Horsham. But I believe this to be wholly an error, based on confusion of two men bearing (at different epochs) the same narne.!

Few families can have been the subject of such genealogical confusion as that of Chesney, The circumstance that in East, _\nglia it was borne by two families -of which one derived it through male and the other through female descent-would of itself be confusing- enough, and yet is a mere accideut; the real and quite incorrigible confusion is between the name of Chesney and that of Keynes derived, of course, from the Normau Cahagne», It, is Dugdale himself, T fear, who led the ,vay in error by beginning his account of the Keynes family as follows i->- , Ralph, surnamed de Kuineto, who came into Englund with William the Conqueror, had issue . two sons, viz., Ralph am! ll'i/lia,n (Rcgist. Pr. de Rudham). Of which Ralph (the cider) took to wife the daughter of ll1u1h Mami11ot ;· anrl had, in Frank-marriage, with her, l>y the gift of King Henry the First, the ;\[11nor of Tarent (Tc,t11 «le Nevill) ... afterwards distinguished by the uame of 'I'arreut-Kcyues.v

1 Founder of Coxford Priory on his port-ion of Rudham. But be was grand­ son, not son, of Half de Cayucto.

~ This statement is an error (see above). 3 It may be worth noting that in Foss' Judqe« (i, '.!28), we read, of Hugh de

Cressi's widow, that "Acconlini:: to the Chancellor's Roll of 3 John, her secou.l husband in 9 Hie. I ''""s fined 100 marks foi .. the marriage of the duuy1,te,· awl hei1• of Hugh de Cressi ; but this is probl\hly an error, subst ituting the feminine for the masculine. I\S he clearly left a son n.uued Hoger." There is 110 error on either roll. but the Record Commission's inde» to the roll of 3 Joha has erroneouslv ext1'11<lc,l "111arit,111.Jo til' et hcreile " as ., !ilia."

4 By n ~i111ilar couf'n-ion all the l1e;t1·cr~ of the name "1:nhc1tus filius \\"aheri" are grouped to~cther in the Jn.lcx to Tlic Nc,l ll,wl.; nf th« l:'.rclirqur,• (p. I :!\10'. 'l'hat Jtlomcfu-hl wns iuistukr-n i, f111·1 her shown !.y the Papal contirm.n ion of :tilth i\!a~· llli3 (.\u~. ii, 1 :Jti) of '"l'crr,Hn ,le l:1111,laham cum omnil.u- port i­ uontiis suis qu,1111 ~il,ilh 11xo1· p1·dati ltoherti n,1,i, ,k,Iit."

~ Uuronaye, i, 1:27.

8 THE ORIGIN OF THE STEW.ARTS

So subtle is the error that it is not easy to distinguish tire first sentence, which relates to our own familv of Chesnev, from the second which concerns the whollv distinct fumilv of C,;l1a~nes. \Ve shall find below that, Dugdale was guilty of th~ same mi.~takc when tlcaling, in another place, witl; the same manuscrij ,t.

It is not wonderful that others followed in Dugdale's steps . •. \]though i11 Doinesduy the two mimes appem· as "Caiimecl '' and " Cahuinges," the two names were treated ns ideutical in an article 011 the latter family ;1 and in Cussuns' Hertfordslrirc we similurlv read that the manor of Chevnes in Cottered took its name '~ from the family of Chahaignes· OI' Cheyney " (i, 17-! ). I have endeavoured to correct this confusion in a papel' on the Charters of Lewes Priorv." Let me now attempt· to truce the origin of the house of

Chesney, of which the Duchess of Cleveland wrote : tlrnt I have had to deal with has puzzled my pour eHcdually as this.'·~ Of William de Chesney Mr, observed :-

" Xu 11a111c bruins so Stapleton

Le Qucsnui, near St. Sucus, was apparently the fief from which lhi.• family had mune, and was held 1,y .Grnffrey de Say at the time of the acquisit.iou uf . Normandy Ly the French 11101H1rc.;h.• 1t seems dou btful whether he had grasped the fact. that Willi.un

was onlv a Chesnev through his mother, or was aware of the 8ai con;1cxion; but his idcutificution, whatever its ground, is of great. interest if riglit.. Fut· wherever this Le Qnesnai !llay he, 1':,aint Saens itself is little more than four miles from Bel lcncomhrc, which is known to have been the head of the \Vare11J1c fief in Normundy.> And it was under William de Warenne that t ho founder of these Chesnevs in EHgland hPlrl his lnnd-. Domesrlav shows us Half (i.e., "de Caisneto ") holding Hot only Iturlharn and its dependencies at Barmer, Houghton, Heydon, and Thorpe :M:arket, but also Guvton, some ten miles south-west, of Rudhmn, all of William de Warennc. He was an even lal'~er holder in 8tu;scx -under William, and I have idcnt ificd his muuors i11 that. county for the forthcoming volume of S11~s,•:1; .lrcl1m1lu!/iwl Coll~1.·tin11,s.

Keeping, however, for the moment. tu ::\' orfolk, \\'C may note that a manor at \Vest Hudham was held hv "Lambert" of \\'illiam de Warenne, and that he can. be sho\,:ll to haw been identical with the "Lambei-t" who held of him at Waterden, a fe\\. miles away, and to have been named Lumbert "d<' Rosci.?" ::\'ow Hosuv is ; "cautou of Bellcncombro," and lies 011 the road t hence t~ Saint Saens. Hero then we must have n not hcr follower of \\'illi,rn1 de Warcunc at the Conquest :;cttlin,:.: down at Hudh.uu by the

I Sussc» Arclucolojical. Collections, vol. i. 2 Ibid., xl, i2-3. ~ The Itattle Ab/,r11 Rolf. i, ::!~i- ~ Rot.11/i srocrnrii :Ym·111~1111i,1·, JI, cxvii. lie cites the record of 1:.!::!0. to the

effect th'\t, <:i:nffrcy do !';:ii h;1<l owerl "l'n> lCIT,l de Quc,11clo tli111i,liu111 il'n,lt1111." • nu; l, <'iii. 11 SeP. rho C,u-:.t.lc AtTP. P1·l111·,· Clial'lt'I' in J/m1c1:.:tiron. v, :,o, wl1id1 mvut ious

lii:oi gifl of wh.rt, bL1carne C:1~ik:h·rt! Prit,1·y muuor ill H11dlia11t ( /Jlvm(tr',·ld, vii, lf,tl) and of tithes al \\'atcrd011. .\ntl l'""'l'"rc lJ,,111eo1l.1y ii, ics l,, tl:t• l,.

:\ND THEIR CJTESXEY COXXEXIOX.

side uf his old neighbour in Normnndy. Moreover, Cressy (en Caux) also is a "can tun" of Bcllencoiubre, aur] I ha ve seen it stated that Anselm unrl Gilbert de Cressv helr] Wareuno luur] in England under Henry I. Perhaps, then, we may t.race the Cressvs also to a follower of William de \\' arenue. I ·h,t\"e stated above that the n.alf who held of Wurcnne in

Norfolk is the Half who held of him in 8ussex.1 But the proof has hitherto been wanting (;)fr. H. J. Ellis informs me), . and Jludham went to the Belet family, while the Su,;.';ex lands passed tu the De Sais. The missing link, however, I find in the curtulurv of Cokesforrl (rdiu.,< Itudluuu), tlu~ house founded b); John de Chesney. Uuforbuuatolv, this muuuscript seems to be known to us 011ly from what Dugdale says; of it. He cites it i11 his Ilororuuje for these statements :-

This lust mentioned Geoffrey (de Sui) took to wife Alice, one of the duughters and coheirs to .lohu de Cheney (sic), aurl «onflrmo l tu the Canons of Rudhaui in Com. Xorfulk ·all those grants which William de Cayueto (i.e., Cheney), ntul Juhn de Cheney, nephew of that Wil liam, ha,I nuule unto them; uud for the soul of Alice Lis wife, uurl the souls of his ancestors, ctc., did of his own gift nd.l the church of St, :\fargaret, at Thorpe (i, 511).

This Michael (Belet.) .•. left issue by Enun» his wife, daughter and coheir of Jolin de Keynes (sfr), two sons, Hervey und ?.!ichael, which Hervey obtained from King John the gmnl oi a fair yearly at East Hml11t1111 •.. and gave the manor of Rudluuu to the ·canon• uf Cokesfor.l ... fur the soul of Emme de Keynes, his mother, etc. (i, 614).

\Ye here haw Dugrlale, uncousr-iously perhaps, actually gi,·ing the· same name from a )18. which is 011e aud the same, first as "Che11cy" and t.hen as "Keynes." It has hitherto been supposed that the Bclets were the heirs of

the Norfolk Chexneys, while the Sai1, were the heirs of the Sussex branch ; and the pe~ligrce in Norfolk fut· the Norman period seemed to be somewhat different from that of the Sussex house. But now that we can trace the descent of the Sais from the Norfolk house, we can attempt. a pedigree of the Che,;JH')"S as a single fuurily, combining the Sussex with the Norfolk evidence :--

H;ilf "<le Caisneto," umlcr-teuant of William de Wareuue in Norfolk and Sussex 1 OSIJ.

r:------,..L~------, Enm1a.=j=Hali "de Willi,un ",le SyLil.=rHobcrL Fita

I. Caisncto." Caisneto." I Walter.

r--.J John "de Caisneto."" William "de Caisneto." Founder of Cokes- Founder of Sibtou Abbey. ford Priory. L..,------,

:'l,'iclrnel.,=r~ll~llli\ "'.!e -~li;c "cl;,'rr:<':•ffrcy de Belct , ..,j,,La1,mclo. Caisueto, ,,f,,Sa1.

1-'l'he l'iPITC)u111t, simil.u-lv held in hoth t hosc counties of \\·arcmtc'. " '!'he I.ewe~ Priorv cd,l~uce ~i\'(:s us, at Bri,::hton, a .Iohn '· de Chuisuet o."

son of Half (Cott , ~IS., Y,•.•)'. F. xv, fn. 11!1) urul t wo H,tlt's, foth,•1· and son, who rC',']'<'C'liv,·lr ur.u-i-ie.l :ll:111,I :\lid E11u11a. )!y A11rie11t Chu.,·to·~ (l'ip<' 1: •• 11 St11.·iPt.y) ~i\'1'.~ H."4 l:alf H ,ti, (~lH'l'\'('lo .• .ui.l l:;lll~ Iii., :-;l11l. wit uc ...• :,.inct :, \\'"",u,~llllC t·l1;1r1 t•r I,, l~<'w1•:-1 I •rit irv, The ('ok<',f,,rd ed,ll'll~c gi,·,,,; 11s lhli nu.l ""illi,,111 us ,,,n, of the tir,l 1:,,li,

u11,l it 111akc., J,ih11 <p<'ak of his gr.iu.hut licr Hilli .nnl 1,i.< 11:1dc Willi:1111.

10 nm ORIGIX OF THE ::iTE\\'.\RTS

It is clear that the Sais cvcutuallv suc:ce~decl to the Bclcts' share as well a,; their own, and that the Chesnev inheritance i11 their hands was represented by more than a do{e11 knights' fees which they held under \\'are1111e. .'.\Io1·eon·r, l\Ir. Stapleton's record implies that t hr-v succ(·<'dE'rl to the Xorman .. »tanunhuu» of the Chc:snc.v,; as well. lt shou lrl he specially observed that neither they Hur the Belcts adopted the name of Chesney, though the ;;011 of Sybil, who was not (as alleged) an heiress, did so. Here then is a ful'thcr illustration of the erratic Norman nomcuclaturo. ·

Jtounnr FITZ 1VALT1,1:, :-:;HEHIFf' OF N onror.x. That Robert Fitz Walter had two wives, of whom Svbil (de -

Chesney) wu» the first and Avelina (widow of Alan Fitz · Flaald) the second, is proved by a11 extract from the Thetford Register, to which Mr, Elli« has drawu 111y attention:- Ego Hobertus filius Walteri pro salute auime rnee et uxorjuru] uieorum

Sibilhc et. Avelinro et iufunt uur ureoruui.' But the assignation of his children to these respective wives is

a matter uf great difliculty. There is no reason to doubt the statement i11 the "G<·m'alo.~ia Fundutoris " that his sons llng!'r, John, and William were his children hv :-:-iby] de Chesuev, and indeed tl,c fad that "\\'illia111 bore the ;latllC ~f Chcsuov c~nfirms that conclusion. Hut the Colchester Cartulurv contains charters which 1wovc t.lmt he luul several other children, of whom we cannot speak with ccrtuiutv. In a charter dealing with his manor of .Ling, tu which \\"illia111 BanlulF is t he first. witnes«, William "de Chaineto," as he there styler; himself, mentions his brothers John, Roger, J!,,/yas, and \\.illi.~111, as well as .'.\lm·garct, his sister." Again, as Williatu "Yicecomes de .Norwico," he mentions all four in a charter relating tu his 11m1w1· of "Huu,"4 an.l among the witnesses to the charter is "I'etrns; frater mcus." His sister l\Iargaret goes further, ..-\ series of charters relate to the manor of "Stukes," which she ga\·e at I.er death tu St. ,Tol111·s, Colchester. As wife of Hamon de f.lt. Clare (successor of Eudo llapifer) she gave circa 1150'; this manor "de libero rnariagio meo michi a patre concesso " to the abbey, as a dying woman, "pro . . . animabus patri» mei Roberti et· Ardi11rr matrls 1W" et, .l ohnurus fratris ruei et pru salute viri mei Hamouis qui michi lranc elemo­ sinam facere concessit." 8hr notified the fact to her brother "\Villiam "de· Cuisneto," and the second witness to her charter is " Svrnon frater meus.?" He was also the first wit nesx to her husha11d's charter c:011tinnit1g the gift;~ mid as '' ~imon de Ca isuet o ., he testified to Arch hishop Theobald and the Bishop of ~rn·wich that his sisll:'r .'.\largaret had t::i,·c11 1 h<' 111atu11· i11 her Jaq illness." I find no· cvidcuce that .'.\l;1rgarct left issue, and, iudecd, such

1 Lansdowne ;\!::,. :!:!\l, iu. Hti. 0 Sec p. 3 n bovc. " Colcl,r~le1· Cm·tu/i11·11, 1'· l SO. 0 tu«, p. 17:!. ~ \\"illi,\111 (con.,. 1 J Iii) was Hi,h,,p of Xorwich at. the time, '' <.Jold1tste1· ( .. 'artul,..-11, 1'1'· J:,n- luO. ; tu«; I'· J 5fl. ij tu«, 1'· l G:J. .\ writ ,,f Henry ll ml,hc,,1•,l •· Willd111v d,· Caisucto ,I•·

11

evidence as I have is all against it. An interesting pedigree of :-:t. Clair may he· constructed us follows:-

r---------·------, William de St. Clair (1) Gunnor.v=Hnmou" tie St. Clair,=(2) )largaret, daughter ()fanche), ob. s. p.1 I living circ, 11 :!0- of HoLcrL Fitz \\'alter

11[,0. by Avelina (widow of Alan Fitz Ftauld).

r--..l Hubert. de St. Clair,~ living 1155.

Tim ~I YSTE1:10c;s Srxrox. Bnt. who was the above "Simon de Caisueto," who is brought, as

we have seen, into close connection with his sister )largaret, Avelina'» daughter, but whom Willium de Chesney appears to ignore in his charters? I look 011 the existence of this Simon as a fact of considerable importuuce. It would seem obvious from his styling himself.. as above, "de Caisneto," that he was a son of Robert, Fitz Wulter by his first wife Sybil de Chesney. Yet this was not the case if, us I would su~~cst, we mav ident.ifv him with the "Simon de Norfolk" of a,;-~extremely 1;uzzling c::iiarter. \Ve saw that his elder brother William was known both as William de Chesney and as William de Norwich, and the principles of Norman nomenclature were so peculiarly erratic that I should not be at all surprised if Simon also had both these styles. Passing, however, from conjecture to fact, we approach the charter in question, which fairly puzzled 3lr. Eyton- and which subsequently

Norwico," bids him give the :\fonb of Colchester sc1s111 of "Stokes" according to the fine "quem fccisti cum illis de term de Stokes coram episcopo Nor· wiceusi in Synodo suo (Ibid., p. 41).

1 Benefactor to Abbeys of S,n·iguy and of St. John's, Colchester, Sec my Calendar of Documents Preserved in France, pp. WO, 299, and Colchester Cartulary, pp. l 1i3-6.

~ Colchester Cartulary, p. 156. ~ .Beuefuctor to St. John's Abbey. Placed in charge of Colchester, with Euclo

Dapifer's other lands by Henry I (Pipe Holl 31 Henry l and Colchester Cartulary .passim).

4 He attests Margaret's cluu-tcr, but not as her son. He was iu charge o Colchester 1155 (Red B,,ol,; of Exclccquer, p. 651).

The name of ",Hubert" is of special. interest, because the "Hubert" who held Kingestoue iu Somerset of the Count of Mortain in 1086 was, according to )Ir. Evton, a Hubert de St. Clair. lt is uotcworthv that this manor was held in 1·:!l:! by Hoge!' de Vilers (Tcsia de Xeeil], p. lti3), for in my C11lc11da,· of Documents Preserved: in Prance (Kos. 79i, 79S, S:l~) the William de St. Clair of the peLligree in the text is found making grants at "Yilers" (Yillicrx­ le-Sec, Calvudos) to the Abbey of Saviguy, by permission of the Count of Mortaiu. ' J\lr. Eyton wrote:-'' Alan Fit1. Flaald's interest in some of the 1,laccs

wherein he granted to Castle Acre, was uot the sole interest. His grants, too, were afterwards coufiruicd aud uugment e.l by persons whom I cannot make out to 1111\'e been desceu.le.l from Alan. OnP, of these. Simon de Xorfolc, mentions his ',u,eL',,tor; from the time uf .-\I.In Fit~ Flaaltl,' i,pcak, of his (Simon's) mother Avelina, awl of the ,lay when he (Simon) lll'']llire,I (cull• '71ti.,i,·il) 'the Honour of :llil,•li;Hn '" (vii. :!18 ,wt,). I:,· '' not the sole interest." he 111c:111L that. in Liu! Castlt• Acre di;il't,•r, p1·i11t,·,l fn thL' .l/,111«alir,111 1 ,·, f.!\ .

. Alan u1akf'~ :t gift at KP111p.-.Lon iu coujum . .t ion with Adelina, hi . ..: wife, I lll,\.\" note that ".\,lcli11,1." i-, in th,, c.u-t ulnry, iutcvlined over a simple ".,." 'J'hi, i., the charter couflrruc- l liy Simon vlc Xorf,•k (sec J:lumcfid,\ x, 1 i). The

1~ THE ORIGIX Or' nm STEWARTS

puzzled Carthcw.! in the Register thus:- Simon <le Norfolc, etc., cte., de feoclu quod modo teneo,-termm illam quam

Ai:elit1a mate,· meri clcdit ecclesie predicte .. , Hee et ali,i omnia qurc suut de meo ieudo uude fucruut vcstiti et seisit i die q110 conr1uisi'l·i honoreni de ,1/de!tarn . , , prrcteroa molenrlimuu rle X cutone uncle haLcrent x solidos de douo \\'illelmi fi-atris n.ci (ii, 12:J). How or when this Simon acquired "the Honour of :.\lileham·,"

which had been held by Alan Fitz Flauld uud was subsequently held by the Fitz Aluns-s-no one has been able to explain. , But as William and Walter Fitz Alan arc found in attendance on the Empress Muud, it seems to me quite possible that we have here one of the incidents of the Anarchy, and that Stephen forfeited "the Honour of ::\Jileham" and bestowed it on this Simon." But what I am immediately concerned with is the genealogical

evidence. Here -i,; Simon "de Norwich" occurring as a son of Avelina, while .Margaret, the daughter of A. veliua, was a sister of Simon "de Caisneto." Hcmembel'inµ: that both are concerned with Norfolk, and indeed obviously connected with .• \.,·clina, wife of Hnhcrt Fit» Walter, we cannot, well resist the couclu-ion that, the two Simons .wcrc identical, anrl represent a son of Ilobcrt Fitz ·walter, bv Avelina, widow of .. :\.Jan Fitz Flaahl.

The iurportanco of this conclusion consists in the fad that it provides \Yilliam and Walter, sons of .• \Jan Fitz Flaald, with a uterine brother ~imon. ~ ow Walter's "brot.hcr" Simon is found as a witness in the Paisley Cnrtularv, and is claimed · as the founder of the familv of B(;nl: and \\'illiarn\ "brothc1·" Simon, according to ::\lr. Ey0ton (,·ol~ vii, p. :::::1) occurs in a charter of 1163. It. has heen assumed that this ~imon was a son of .\ Ian Fit» Flaald, but I pointed out in my last book that he· might, quite conceivably, J)l'OYe to be only a utcriu« brother of Alan's sons.! And this is cxactlv what he now turns out, to [rave been.

\Ve may now construct a tentative pedigree cmbodyiug the results of our ·enquiry."

The latter, who had examined it for himself of Castle Acre/ cited the essential portions

matter is further complicated hy the place <lc«Jl. with being Kcmpston, which only occurs in Domesday as held of Williau; de \\"arcunc by \\'i1ner, his dapifcr, who left heirs. '

1 See the opening page~ of his l/1md_red of Launditclc (lSii), ml. i. • Harl. MS. 2110, fu. 112. 3 He must either have lost it subsequently or died without issue, for we

do not find him 11g,1i11 connected w it h :llileh,1111. ~ Studies ill Pee,·,111c oml. Famllq , llist111·y, l'P· 1:!.'i-6. ~ I must not ,kal with a frr-sh problem at this stage of the euquirv, hut

as I have sometimes poiut.ed out that no actual proof has been adduced that Ernulf de Hcsrliu left nuotlrer duuglur-r and coheircss )laud, I 111ay meut ion tlml I have 110w found (1>1m1t11m •·ulrut) such proof in ,llo11nstico11, ii, :.!:!O, where, 11111011; the locudactinus t.o St. Alb.ui's, we read :--" )L1til,lis '1ll~1l.1111 virlua, fili,c J·:rnultli cl.: Hy,,l~·u,!!; (,ic) de.lit ~.u,eto Albano climidimn hidam in villn quc, voc.u m- Ham l'l'I> a11ii,1a viri su i \\'illi,Jmi" (.,ic). .\., this ~lntil,lis i• 110w well J'l''-'o;..::11i~,·d 1,y t!<'tll'alog:i;-:t:-( to hare hor-u the wife of Pat rick '' (1~ C:\,lnrci.~" (i.r. df' f,;.,Htrcl1t·:-':-g:rawlfothl'I' la:..:. should have been olt\·i,u1$ from the first) of ['ut rivk , Earl of :,{;,li,1,urr-1hc• 111e11tio11 al1111'C' ,,f ·11<'1' h11,'1.i11,I 11, "Willian1." :lilt!., a frc-h tlitlieult.y

0lo those aln•ady snrrouudiug Ernulf do

lll-.tlin null hi~ daughters.

Ralf <le Caisneto, Domesday Walter <le Caen, Domesday under- Emeliua==Eruulf de Hesdin, Domesday tenant mHler-tcuiut of Hudluun, etc. tenant on the Honourof Eye. 1· in chief.

r-----L-,----, (1) I (:t) (2) rJ (1) Half de William <le Sybil de Cnisueto 'f'Hobert Fitz Walter, of Horsford,=r=Avelina.=r.-\lau Fitz Flnuld, Obtained a fief iu · Caisncto, Caisuoto. lfa<l 'her "marita-1 etc. Sheriff of Norfolk. Founder of I j Norfolk. Ancestor of the House of

I ;.:ium" iu Ruel- Horsham St. Faiths. Living 1136. I Stewart . ._J., ham, Norfolk, '1, r---,-------,----------...!..----,---, r..L · ----,

Roger, John, Sheriff Williatn "ile Caisueto " alias ",le [Elias 1) [l'eter1 2) Simon ",le Caisueto " Margaret, Had=vl.lumo olJ. ~-1'· of Norfolk ; ,1, Xorwieh"; d. 11i4. Sheriff of Nor- alias "lle Norfolc." Held the mauor of de St.

J 146.['!) folk. Founder of Sibton Abbey, for a time the Honour of "Stokes" as her Clair. Suffolk, and Benefactor to llly- )li!elmm. '' maritagiuui." lmrgh.1 l r------------L----------,--------

(1 > I {2) i _. Hugh <l,~,=)larg~ry. Heiress toTHobcrt Fitz Hoger, of Clemence, m. Jordan de Sack- Cressi. I her father. I Clavering. ville of Bures and Ilergholt

Sackville.

L-----, L----------, Hoger <le John Fitz Hobert, Cressi. of Clnvering

I I '1,, w

1 Sec 10th Heport 011 Historical )!SS., A)'p. iv., p. 41il. • A Peter witnesses, as " brother," charters of \\'illi,im ",le Caisncto.'

--, I

Hara. Obtuiued the manor of Colnc=i=Hichanl helcl by Wnltt'r de Cuen in 108ti. I Eng:1ine.

r--·------ J. Yiel Enguine, of Coluc 11 Engaiue."

I w

1-! THE ()J:11;];'\ OF THI·: :-'J'E\\'.-\RT:-,

Trn: Xouror.« .. Kn-:w.\l:T:-.''

I now pass to anothr-r subj,·ci, 011 which 111ud1 l1as aln•ady aJ•pt'ai·Pd i11 the pagPs of Th» f.',•11,·11lu11ist. :-So 11u111PJ'<1ll~ a1·(• the quart<'l'S in which ha \"P been pu hli,;hcd L'Ul111111111irn t ious 011 Ii is torv, a rcha,olngy. uud gt'lll'nlogy, that one "f t lu- stude11t's g1·,:ntl'st dirlicult ios is tu avoid muk ins; cliscoveric» which havr- liei-u made ulrcn.lv, am! saying what· has hr1•11 ,mid hefo1·f'. In t he case, for instunce, of the "bogus,. descent of the Norfolk 8tywards from the Hu,·al 1:>tewarts," uu one, it would sPt'lll, has b,·P1; a" are of t ho foc:t- ti,at it was the subject. of couuunnicatious JlJHdr to the ·suciety uf Antiquaries in 177;i ti.11<1 178G. The remarkable glass window put up hy \\.illiam Steward of

Ely in li:i7-l-, to commemorat« the above clr-seeut, was exltil,itcd bv :M;·. Albert Hartshorne, to wlu nu it still helu11_!:;s, to the .-\n·h..-ol11gic,;l Lust it.utc, G ?\lay ] ~i,"'.1 nurl «ouunonted upon, on that occasion, hv :\Ii·. Tucker, then Houge Croix. It wa . .; explniued that this p1ti11t('d gla:,;s bad bL·c11 giYen to liis gralt(lfat.her bv }lr. Hobert }lustt>rs, J,'.~.A., Rector ~'r Laudbr-nch, · Ca111h1·irl,t:"Pshi°;·(', in whose possession it had been when Noble wrote his "_\ll'moirs of rho Housr- of Cromwell"~-(1,8-1). Hut 110 u111·, it would seem, was aware in 1878 that :i\Ir. }lastl'rs hnd exhibited this painted gla,;s to the Society of Ant iquruie», and rrad a papl'l' t hr-roon, 7 Deceml.er 178G.:i His obsorvntions can·y hack the history of this interesting relic, which I ieproduccd, h,v permission, as tho froutispiece tu my recently published St urli,» ·in J',,,,,·a!le u iu] Fam;fy llistui·!J· }[r. :;\fast('J'S informed the Society that the ,!:::lass "wa, discovered h,r me in Cnmln-idgeshire, ,mrl obl-aine,1 from a. .lesceudant

of that [Steward] house, who said it. came from a11 uucieut sent, of the fumilv at St.untuey in that county, which was pulled down about the hcgiuning of the present [l 8th] century."

He also mentioned that Thomas Stew:u·t, of Stunh1eY, descended from an uncle uf the above · \\'illiam, was li,·ing th/r(' in 1 G;o,.J.. The glass, therefore, was well uccouutod for. Hut this was not the first occasion n11 which the matter had

come before the Society of Antiquurie-, 011 :!!) ,J1111c lii5 the Dean of Exeter had exhibited a11 cngrawd ring." of exquisite workmanship " belonging- to Sir. Hil'h:ll'll \\',1rsJ,,y. nf t111, Isl« of \\'ight.4 The desi,t:"11 upon it was idcnt icnl with the centre­ piece of the painted glas~ (though the shapp of the ring- required the encircling double tressure to h..- oval ). which ceut repicce is also reproduced in the 11ia1·gin of . .\ugu~tiue St('W:ll'll's cn rt ulurv.:' The Denn acutely pointed out that the ring had dnulitle:,;s t:OIIH'

into the Worslev f.unilv thnrnt:"lt till' 111a1TiH!:'.l' of Sir .lrunes Worslev with ~i'an·, eldest dm1~lit1'r of ,...;ir ~iehnl:is Stuart, of Hartlej· :\Iaudit, ai;d not us t h1: \\'orsle.,·" believed by gift f'roiu

l ,frcha:nloyiral Jo111'1ial, xxxv, :lO:.!-:l. • tu«, p. -101. 3 ,h·el,reoloyin, viii, :121.r,. • ,frchreolt>!Ji", iv ]ill-IS!. with p!:,t<' conuuumg <'ULH!!<'lllc11L of the design. ~ See my .St11dics iii Pccrao« and Familt1 llist,11y, 1'· 13\1.

• .\NU THEIR CHEAXEY ('OXXEXIOX. 15

Henry YIU [11 a previous f.:i1· ,Ta111C's ,vor;;]('y. ::F11i;; Iattr-r lx-Iief, bv the way, illust ratL's the value of '' fumilv tradition." · The De,;n l1<ning expressed a hope that ~<iomc member of the

Society would be able to throw light on the singular design upon the seal, ~lr. Brooke, F.~ .. A,; afterwards SomcrsC't Herald; wrote from "Herald,;' CollPge, -!tit ,July 1775," explaining the whole mntter.! He observed that. the pedigree of this "a11cie11t family ... wa-; entered hy Henry :-:,t. George, .R ichmond Herald, at his visitation of the county of Cambridm-, as deputy to \Yillia111 Camden, Esq., Clarenceux in anno l G HJ," n nd that " a hook i11 this office " container! "a large pC'rligrefl of the .-:tc\varts of Cmnbridgeshir«, which c!P(lucr.~ \hem ,:cgularly in a direct line from Banquo, Thane of Lochabcr, in the time of Duncan, l~ing of Scotland." ::\foreovPr, we read:-

'' in some books the f.illowin;; crest is gi1·<.'11 to the family which, before this ring WM pro,luce,1,. could ur-vm- be nccouute.l for, viz., a sword broken i11 two, the pieces in saltire on a. wreath, and surmounting a ragged staff ereet., or."

This crest, of which a representation is g·i,·en,~ is that. which Garter Wriothesley is allt>ge1l L:'· Augustine ~t.eward to have r-on­ firmed to the furuily as "a mggecl stall' sbrncling upon a broken sword crossor] saltircwise," but which, as T have shown, was eventually not allowed to the fumily."

Mr. Brooke appended :t sketch pedigree showing the descent of the Camlu-irhreshiro fumilv from the roval Stewarts, and ad<lc·d in language ··which to-day· sounds strnngeiy familiar:--

The nrms gi,·cn to the Stewarts of Hnrteley :\fnu,luit in all the Barouetnges are wrong, which she ws what little dependence i., to be had on such ,·a!?;11C publications. ln all the entries of this branch of the family in the Herakls' Office, whose records are of iudubital.lc authority in these matters, their arms are the same as were given to Alexander Stewart hy the French king, .nnl us ure represented 011 the seal ... l must conclude with observing ... th.rt the Stn,irts' pedigree, from Bnuquo Thane or Lochubcr to Sir Nicholas Stuart, ot' Harteley, Bnrt., whose daughter married Sir James \\'or;;;le}·, of Pilowell.. is regularly deduced hy undeniable proofs in the registers of this office. •

Which, of course, is decisive. When Xlr. ::\.I.asters exhibited his Stewart gla,;s to the Antiquaries,

he acknowledgrvl the assistance he ·!Jae! derived from '' )Ir. Brooke, Somerset He1:a1<1,·· and appended a pedign'e of the family from " Banquo.!"

1 A1·rl,rr,,logia, viii, 18~-9. Brooke was Houge Croix lii3, Somerset liii-li:lt. ~ lbid., P- 184. . 3 See my Studies ·in Peerage and Family llislrll'!I, pp. 141-143, and compare

the glass window in the frontispiece for the origin of the device. • A,-cl,rl!(Jlo!]i«, iv, 18i-S. Compare Ilcthnm's cert itica te to the ,leseent of the

Burkes from Charlemagne us proved h.,· "11nm<.,rous original documents of unquestionable nuthority " and ;, registered in the Archives of Ulster's office " (Gcnc11l,,.1ist, xv, f,). .\1111 sec on the whole subject nbove my Studies ;,. /'ara~,c awl Family llist01·.11, pp. 13~-l-Hi.

~ Arclia:olo:1in. viii, a~J. !l:!:i. It may amuse the re.ulcrs oi 1'1,e Grurn/~1i.,t to learn that Ilanquo'e glw.,t ha., not yet, l-ceu laid. ln St. Am/roe (a (;J•s~uw paper) of ltith )la,\' 11101, there is :\ knbtliy communicat ion Trom )!r. Ki11;; Howison (on whom see pp. 1 IS-1 '.!0 of ir,y book) triumphantly uiaiutainiug

IG

The present learned Dean of Elv, who kiudlv examined for me the 3[::::iS. of his predecessor, ] >ea;1 Stewart, t;·,up. Henry YIII, 1 has now Leen g-ood cnouch to inform me further that "in the Hall of the D~·ancry, wi1ic-h is pn nellod with oak, evideutlv re­ nrranacd, there occurs t liree times in the centre of an eluboratelv CatTPd panel" the uld coat of the X orfolk Sty wards, quartcrl~­ uf four, with no trace of the "aug-mentution " or the coat of "the royal Stem,rts"; and twice also oi'; the centre of a similarly carved panel the crest of "a Roebuck with crown collar," which crest, oddly enough, wa,s not granted till just after Dean Stcwar(-; death. He has also drawn my attention to a paper on the Lambeth }1 :-:iS., by l\lr . .:11ontague James, in which we read that one of the two unfailing clues to " the identification uf Ely books " is " the occurrence of the name Hobert Stewarrle [the Dean], which is usually accomp.miod by a sketch uf the Stuart Arms." This completes the evidence against Vt'a11 8tPwart. as the person ori.~inally responsible for the now famous fiction of the Norfolk 8tewu.rts' pedigree.

J. H. Ror xn.