needed to have an easy transition for peasants, workers and capitalists involved restructuring...
TRANSCRIPT
Needed to have an easy transition for peasants, workers and capitalists
Involved restructuring economy, social programs and politics
Country divided into 6 zones controlled by military until 1954
Treaty of Friendship w/ Russia (1945) – guaranteed Soviets Outer Mongolia, assured mutual defense, China agreed not to let anyone else to trade in Manchuria and Xinjuang
Mao believed US-Soviet rivalry the main political force on the world, nervous about a US-Soviet alliance to invade China
Mao believed US wanted to attack USSR but was not ready, so they attacked intermediate zones instead
US refused to acknowledge PRC, Mao made it difficult by imprisoning, kicking out or beating up American businessmen & ambassadors
CCP organized mass movements to connect public to important political decisions, giving them an active role in developments through marches, discussions, poster campaigns
Cadres were formed into 8 levels of command
Media: People’s Daily set up to spread propaganda and denounce anti-communism
Crime: crackdown on organized crime, abolished prostitution, rehabilitated opium addicts, outlawed gambling
Secret police similar to Russia’s KGB created to deal with KMT agents
Classes of people are created:
FIVE RED CATEGORIES SEVEN BLACK CATEGORIES
1. Poor/Middle Class Peasants
2. Workers3. Revolutionary
Soldiers4. Revolutionary
Cadres5. Dependents of
martyrs
1. Landlords2. Rich Peasants3. Reactionaries4. Bad Elements5. Rightists6. Traitors7. Spies
One Million fell under Black Category
Marriage: Free & consensual, no longer arranged, gave women equality
Forbidden: child marriage, polygamy, killing/selling children, feet binding
Health Clinics/Child care centers set up Education: literacy campaigns, focused
on science & Maoist ideas
Business taken from landlords & KMT Private business by National Capitalists Trade under state control Co-operatives Small individual business Banks nationalized Trade State stores set up State determines prices & wages By 1956 private sector gone, state
controls everything
Feudal/forced labor abolished Cadres dispersed in countryside Cadres set up local peasant
associations/militias Landlords refund rent Status of villager rises “Speak Bitterness” meetings for
villagers to denounce their oppressors
Property of rich given to peasants Some plots too small, cooperatives are
created Collectivization at first voluntary, by
1955 it’s compulsory, private ownership abolished
Trade unions organized on Soviet model converting workers into Party members
Five year Plan 1953 Competition among workers to fill quotas Stress underdeveloped interior (cities) Focus on Heavy Industry Large scale projects Army repaired railway system, built roads
and canals