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NavigationFrom Ancient to Modern

NAVIGATION

the way of charting a course and the methods used to find the way to a specific location.

Viking Navigation with a Sun Board

TOOLS USED TO NAVIGATE

Compass wherever you stand on Earth, the needle on

the compass will point toward the Earth’s pole.

The needle is a small metal magnet on a frictionless pivot point attracted to the magnetic pull from the planet’s core.

Used to navigate land and underwater.

COMPASS

TOOLS USED TO NAVIGATE

Chronometer Portable clock of great

accuracy used on determining longitude at sea.

CHRONOMETER

TOOLS USED TO NAVIGATE

A sextant determines latitude by measuring the position of the Sun and stars based on the instruments arc which is 1/6 of a circle.

SEXTANT

TOOLS USED TO NAVIGATE

Radio Beacons 1921 First electronic aid to navigation

TOOLS USED TO NAVIGATE

Radar System of determining and

displaying the distance of an object by measuring the time it takes for a radio signal echo to return.

“radio detecting and ranging”

RADAR

TOOLS USED TO NAVIGATE

Loran Long range navigation,

electronic timing device which measures the difference in arrival time of radio signals from pairs of land stations.

LORAN

TOOLS USED TO NAVIGATE

Satellite Navigation System Orbiting satellites emit a signal

at a precise frequency and a receiver on a ship measures the frequency shift to determine position to within 30 m.

SATALLITES

TOOLS USED TO NAVIGATE

Global Positioning System Worldwide radio-navigation using

24 satellites and 5 ground-based monitoring stations used as reference to calculate position within a few meters and advanced to within a few centimeters.

GPS SATALLITES

GPS

Precise measurements of distance between a receiver and four satellites will pinpoint the exact location of the receiver with GPS.

GPS

GPS can be used to measure the velocity of a moving receiver as well as its location.

GPS

Oceanographers are developing new technologies for using GPS in underwater applications.

A major problem in using GPS underwater is that GPS signals are radio waves, which are quickly absorbed by water.

SONAR

Used for underwater applications

RV New Horizon