Nationalism

Nationalism

Nationalism – belief that people should be loyal to nation not king share a cmmn culture & history Can identify better with own gov’t People have the right to self-govern Nation-States—independent gov,

represents itself▪ Ex. England, France, Ireland, America

Beliefs

Conservatives

Liberals Radicals

•Wealthy & Nobility

•Argued for traditional monarchy

•Middle Class

•Power to elected parliaments

•BUT only the landowners and educated

•“Fringes” often students

•Extend democracy to all people

•Drastic changes

Nationalist Rebellions 1821 1830s 1848

•Ottoman Turks (Muslims) control Balkan region• Greeks rebel

• Popular with scholars, Russians, many Europeans

• British, French, & Russians ally and crush Turks• Grks win

indepdt

•Belgians declare independence from Dutch•Poles revolt against Russians, but are crushed•French king Charles X tries to return to absolute monarchy, students in Paris rebel (put down)

•Paris mobs overthrow Louis-Philippe, reestablish republic•Louis-Napoleon wins presidential election; takes title of Emperor Napoleon III• Encourages

reform• Experiences

economic prosperity

Break Up of EmpiresAustro-Hungarian Ottoman Russian

•Control Hungarians, Germans, Czechs, Slovaks, Croats, Poles, Serbs, & Italians

•Prussia gains control of German States

•Split Austria & Hungary, but both under Emperor

•Turks control Greeks, Slavs, Arabs, Bulgarians, Armenians

•Grants equal citizenship to all people under rule• Angers

conservative Turks—causes tension

• Ex: massacres of Armenians after a revolt (genocide)

•Control Ukrainians, Poles, Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, Finns, Jews, Romanians, Georgians, Armenians, & Turks

•Loses Crimean War v. Ottomans

•Russification—impose Russian culture• Strengthened

nationalist feelings

• Disunified Russia• Weakened czar’s

power

Italy

Giuseppe Mazzini Formed “Young

Italy”—youth nationalist group

Italy

Camillo di Cavour Politician, unifies

Northern Italy for Sardinia

Giuseppe Garibaldi Leader of rebels in

Southern Italy Turned over control

to King Victor Emmanuel II

United all of Italy

Germany

Otto Von Bismarck Prime minister of

Prussia Realpolitik—politics

of reality ▪ What is best for us?

Expansion through war

The great questions of the day will not be

settled by speeches or by majority

decisions—but by blood and iron!

Germany

Austro-Prussian War (Seven Weeks War) Prussia is superior Austria humiliated Prussians get

German territory

Germany

Franco-Prussian War Bismarck insults

French ▪ They declares war

Prussians march to Paris

All Germans accept Prussian control

Wilhelm I of Prussia crowned Kaiser of Germany

Coronation of Kaiser Wilhem I Bismarck

So…What happened to the Balance of Power?

Think about: Congress of Vienna & its results Who became stronger? Who became weaker? How did Nationalism affect those

countries?