Moving to Advanced Supercritical Plant & Capture-Ready Measures

Dr P. Mahi; P. Napier-Moore

Mott MacDonald

Advanced Supercritical Plants

Temperature (°C)

Pressure

(bar) (MPa)

Subcritical

Supercritical

Advanced Supercritical

538

540 – 566

580 - 620

167

220 – 240

270

16

25

30

Advanced Supercritical Plants (500 MW)

Coal Subcritical Supercritical Advanced Supercritical

Singrauli Coal

Gross Efficiency (LHV)

Net Efficiency (LHV)

Gross Efficiency (HHV)

Net Efficiency (HHV)

Mount Arthur Coal

Gross Efficiency (LHV)

Net Efficiency (LHV)

Gross Efficiency (HHV)

Net Efficiency (HHV)

41.3

38.8

39.2

36.8

41.3

38.8

39.6

37.2

43.2

40.6

41.0

38.5

43.2

40.6

41.4

38.9

45.9

43.2

43.5

40.9

46.0

43.2

44.0

41.4

Advanced Supercritical Plants (500 MW)

CO2 emissions

Subcritical Supercritical Advanced Supercritical

Singrauli Coal

t/h

% reduction

Mount Arthur Coal

t/h

% reduction

425

0

436

0

406

4.5

417

4.8

382

8.0

392

10.0

Supercritical Plants

156

108

128

31

24

23

87

106.6

68.2

49.2

14.8

13.5

13.3

37.6

USA

Japan

Russia

Germany

Korea

China

OthersTotal Capacity (GW)

Number of Units

26

4

12

24

15

17

20.9

2.7

8.7

13.5

9.9

8.5

Japan

Russia

Germany

Korea

China

Others Total Capacity (GW)

Number of Units

Total Last 10 Years

Advanced Supercritical

Plant / Location Owner Year Completed

Steam Temp. (°C)

Pressure (MPa)

Power (MW)

Fuel

Huaneng Yuhuan, China

Waigaoqiao III, China

Avedore II, Denmark

Nordjyllandsvaer Ket 3, Denmark

Skaevbaerket, Denmark

SMEPC

EnergyE2

Elsam

Elsam

2007

2005

2001

1998

1997

600/600

600/600

582/600

582/580

582/580

26.3

27

30

29

29

1000

2 x 1000

415

415

415

Coal

Coal

Coal, gas

Coal, gas

gas

Advanced Supercritical Plants – Costs

Coal Unit (500 MW)

Subcritical Supercritical

Advanced Supercritica

lSingrauli Coal

Capex

Capex

Capex

Mount Arthur Coal

Capex

Capex

Capex

INR million

INR /kWe

US/kWe

INR million

INR /kWe

US/kWe

28 000

56 004

1 223

26 698

53 395

1 167

29 586

59 175

1293

28 171

56 347

1 231

30 391

60 783

1 328

28 931

57 862

1 264O&M Costs - Similar

- In India; likely to be higher

Implementation Issues

Technology Issues

– waterwall craking

– negative flow characteristic

– slagging

Availability of skilled operating staff

Coal quality and boiler performance

Environmental benefits

Socio-economic benefits

Incentives

Carbon related revenue can make a substantial difference to the economics of supercritical plants and most notably to the economics of advanced supercritical units

Key issue is carbon price risk after 2012.

Essential measures, focussed on the plant site, include: Land area and layout able to accommodate: – the capture equipment, new

pipelines, expanded utilities and additional generation units Provisions for new pipework in the Water-Steam-Condensate cycle –

allowing for heat integration Design of the steam cycle to be compatible with the likely steam extraction

requirements of the capture unit

– inclusion of off-take tee at IP/LP crossover pipe, with target crossover pressure of e.g. 3-4 bar(a) for amines

Allow space for addition/upgrade of FGD, to meet flue gas purity requirements, as applicable, of CO2 capture

Route to CO2 storage that is economically competitive on a global stage (€/tCO2 basis)

Post Combustion Capture-ReadyEssential Measures – focussed on Plant Site

Optional measures – first tier

– Identification of potential sequestration sites and preliminary geological investigations to screen these.

– Pipeline route determined, where CO2 exported by pipeline rather than ship.

– Installation of FGD that can readily be upgraded to meet flue gas purity required

Optional measures – second tier

– Sequestration site test wells, integrity studies, access rights and permitting

– Pipeline route land ownership, way leaves and permitting of CO2 transportation

– Increase on-site utility capacity – including compressed air, cooling water treatment and electrical distribution.

– Pre-investment in up-rated base plant e.g. FGD, ID fans

Post Combustion Capture-ReadyOptional Measures – Up to CO2 Storage

Capture-Ready PlantKey Issues

Capital cost impact within power plant relatively low

Need for consideration of CCS in national-level generation planning & site selection

Need for review of planning and regulatory barriers for CO2 transport and storage chain?

– Potentially on critical path to retrofit

Possible need for outside support with capture-ready design to mitigate risk of delays to design process, while still ensuring that barriers to CCS are removed

Mott MacDonald’s current studies of advanced supercritical plant and capture-ready plant will provide analysis tailored to India – for the UMPPs

www.mottmac.com