main feature is to join the image and the sound means of communication that use audiovisual...
TRANSCRIPT
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Audiovisual Language
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Main feature is to join the image and the sound
Means of communication that use audiovisual language: cinema, videos, television, internet, etc.
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CINEMATOGRAPHIC LANGUAGE
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Cinematographic language
Cinema = art and massive means of communication› Fundamental characteristic = to tell a
story in movement, in a space and with specific sounds.
Cinematographic language
› images in movement, obtained by the projection of stills at a rhythm of 24 per second.
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The frame = the space that the lens of the cinematographic camera captures.
The shot = is a frame from a certain space and an angle› Each shot has a different
expressive value and they can be classified according to the broadness of the scene
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Shots and Angles
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Extreme Long Shot / Wide Shot / Establishing Shot (ELS)
Gran Plano General Shows things from a distance- often aerial view Orients the audience with the time and place Often used at the beginning of a scene
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Long Shot / Master Shot (LS)
Continuous shot or long take Shows the main action or setting of an entire
scene
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Full Shot (FS)
This shot shows a person from head to toe.
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Medium Shot (MS)
Shows a person from the waist to the top of the head
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American Shot / Medium Full Shot (AS)
Plano Americano o 3/4 From the knees to the topof the head
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Medium Close Up (MCU)
A shot from the chest to the top of the head
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Close Up (CU)
Plano detalle A person’s head down to the neck or the
shoulders
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Big Close Up
From the chin to the forehead
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Extreme Close Up (ECU)
A close up of a certain part of the person’s face
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Group Shot (GS)
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Angle The angle of vision is the physical
point of view- the perspective- from which a camera depicts its subject.
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Horizontal (normal)
The camera is situated at eye level of the subject.
Used to make the scene seem natural.
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High-Angle Shot (HA)
The camera is higher than the subject and looking down on it.
Used to belittle or ridicule a subject. Creates effects like inferiority, anxiety and loneliness.
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Low-Angle Shot (LA)
The camera is below the subject looking up at it. Can make the subject look powerful, threatening,
superiorior, or impressive.
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Bird’s-eye view/Overhead
Shot taken directly above the scene, perpendicular to subjects.
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Nadir
A shot looking up from the ground, perpendicular to action
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Dutch Angle
The camera is tilted to 30º or more (less than that just seems poorly done)
Used to portray tension, but shouldn’t be overused
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Worm’s-eye view The camera is on the ground Shows us a perspective from below
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Camera Movements
Panoramic Dolly shots (trucking or tracking) Zoom
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Narrative structure of a film
Three parts› Setup (of the location and characters)› Confrontation (with an obstacle)› Resolution (culminating in a climax and
a dénouement). Climax: the most exciting or important
moment in a series of events, usually towards the end of the narrative.
Dénouement: a series of events that follows the climax, the conclusion of the story.
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SOME TERMS OF CINEMA
Academy awards:the name given to the prestigious film awards presented each year known as “Oscars”
Audience:The group of consumers for whom the movie or film was constructed.› Example: The movie Alice in wonderland is
addressed to children.
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Actor / Actress : performer who plays a character role in an on-screen film
Ambiance : the feeling or mood of a particular scene or setting
Antagonist: bad guy, or villain of a film
Back story: refers to the events that directly happened prior to the beginning of the story
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Bootleg : an illegally copied, unauthorized, and/or distributed version of a copyrighted film/video/DVD, often of second-rate quality; also termed pirated.
Cartoon: an animated film that is usually not of feature length; also see animation
Cast: all of the actors/performers (or talent) appearing in a particular film.
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Casting: the process of selecting and hiring actors to play the roles and characters in a film production.
Character: the fictitious or real individual in a story, performed by an actor; also called players.
Comedian: an actor who specializes in genre films that are designed to elicit laughter from audiences; also known as a comic
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Credits: refers to the list of technical personnel, cast, and crew of a film.
Crew: refers to those involved in the technical production of a film who are not actual performers.
Critic: an individual who writes and/or publishes a review of a film from either an artistic or entertainment point of view.
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Director: the creative artist responsible for complete artistic control of all phases of a film's production.
Extra(s): a person who appears in a movie in a non-specific, non-speaking, unnoticed, or unrecognized character role, such as part of a crowd or background, e.g., a patron in a restaurant, a soldier on a battlefield…
Flashback: a filmic technique that alters the natural order of the narrative; a flashback may often be the entire film; it takes the story order back chronologically in time to a previous or past event
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Flash-forward(or flash-ahead): the opposite of flashback
Footage: any length, portion or sequence of film (either shot or to be shot) measured in feet; also refers to a particular sequence of events depicted in a motion picture.
Genre: A category of media texts characterized by a particular style, form or content.
› Say all the genres that you know (L1-L2)
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GENRES
ACTION
ADVENTURE
ANIMATION
COMEDY
FANTASY
HORROR
MISTERYMUSICAL
ROMANCE
SCIENCE FICTION (SCIFI)
THRILLER
WAR
WESTERN
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Montage: a French word literally meaning "editing", "putting together" or "assembling shots"; refers to a filming technique
Pin-up girl: refers to the most sexually-attractive star-actresses of an era. E.g. Marylin Monroe
Plot: refers to a series of dramatic events or actions that make up a film'snarrative
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Producer: the chief of a movie production in all logistical matters (i.e., scheduling, financing, budgeting)
Production: the general process of putting a film together, including casting, set construction, costuming, rehearsals, and shooting. Also refers to an entire movie project.
Release: refers to the first distribution and general public exhibition of a film to theatre audiences.
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Remake: refers to a later production (of a previous film), with different credits, script, and cast.
Scenario: (1) the outline for a screenplay, or (2) a complete screenplay
Scene: usually a shot (or series of shots) that together comprise a single, complete and unified dramatic event.
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Screenplay: a script or text for a film production written by scripter or screenwriter(s)
Script : refers to the written text of a film.
Sequel: a cinematic work that presents the continuation of characters, settings, and/or events of a story in a previously-made or preceding movie.
Sequence: refers to scenes that structurally fit together in the plot.
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Setting: the time (time period) and place in which the film's story occurs, including all of the other additional factors.
Soundtrack: the audio component of a movie, including the dialogue, musical score, narration, and sound effects, that accompany the visual components.
Still: a single, static image of a movie.
Storyboard: a sequential series of illustrations, stills, rough sketches of events, as seen through the camera lens, that outline the various shots or provide a synopsis for a proposed filmstory.
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stunt double(s): a stunt performer(s) (aka stunts) that take the place of an actor when the scene calls for a dangerous or risky action (car crash, fight, window jump, etc.); doubles usually have the same build or appearance as the star.
Subtitles: refers to the printed line(s) of text superimposed and displayed at the bottom of the screen frame.
Titles: the words that appear on the film screen and convey information.
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Trailer: a short publicity film, preview, or advertisement composed of short excerpts and scenes from a forthcoming film.
Trilogy: a group of three films that together compose a larger narrative and are related in subject or theme. E.g. The Lord of the Rings.