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Shamoshamoik Bishwae Muslim Sonkhaloghuder Itihas (History of Muslim Minorities in the Contemporary World) by Prof. Md Shamsul A lam.

Published by ABOSAR. 4611 Hemendra Das Road. Sutrapur. Dhaka-1100 First Edition: October 2014. Price: Taka 150.00 Only.

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unobstrusive labours of the preacher and the trader who have carried their

faith into every quater of the globe.' 15l'Qfl~ ~ \!:l<f'Z ~ \5RWU 15l'CZV'f

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various caste, creed and dagmas to peace and happiness.' 15l'~~ <J"fq ~ ~ l!l~ ~ 15i~ l5l'Rl ~~\51~~ P'f.) ~ ~ <rJfuo AA ~'<ret \!:l<f'Z ~ ~ ~ ~ '>'fCQ_f '1ffibiM\!) ~~~I l!l~ ~Ji'1IC~'Sl »11~®1~1\!)1 '{3 ~9ft~~~ \!:l"<fi1t <tSmct I

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Sicovt~l~~~~c~ ~ct <tS"@ I L!l~ ~~~~~<15 P. K. Hitti ~ 'History of the

Arabs' ~ ~' 'The seer in him now receds in to the background and

the practical man of politics come to the fore.' 15f~~ ~ (~.)-L!l~ ~ ~ ~ 'VJb~~<lSI~ ~ ~ ~ L!l<T'Z ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~IBtlll~~ L!l"<P ~ ~ I

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("<P) Theory of sword <rr ~ ~ I (~) Theory of religious fanaticism <rr ~ C~ ~ I

Theory of sword-L!1~ ~ "<P~ ~ ~"la'l~H~I ~ -xJfuoc~ ~ ~ ~ ~ CVfV'f ~ ~ L!l<TCZ ~ ~ Accept Islam or sword

15f~~ ~ ~ct ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~cz ~ ~~~IM~ ~ ~~ \5Jf~ <tS"@ ~~ ~S1'1I~C:<15 ~ct ~ <rfl:IT ~I ~ Theory of religious fanaticism <rr ~ C~ ~ ~ "<P~ ~ The

uprise of Islam was the victory of orthodoxism/fanaticism upon the peaceful

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~Sj"i~I'"W'I~ a.a. "1'5i'Z""f ~ ~ ~lsr~IC<l~ ~ (Sunni Shafi school of

thought) I ~ ~ "ii'Rt <r?:~ "llf?t<ll~ ~~ct fu ., <ltt01N~~~~~I ~~6fiC~'il ~: ~~~~~~~~

~»1"1IC~~ 15ft~ <r[(; ~'Z ~~<!I~ <m~ ~ C"'D!l W <II"@ I ~~~~

~ot@ ~ ~'%} <!I~~ '>fro CiJ ~ ~~~~ ~~ ~ ~ 9@~ ~I 0!\b~f>l<qj John J. Saunders-<!1~ ~, 'The Indian Ocean had been for

centuries an Arab lake. Occasionelly, Chinese trading fleets were seen there

but they seem to have disappeared after 1440.' ~ct-~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~c~~~~ ~I ~ C~, ~ C~~I"JC~~ ~~, ~l<lH"l"ll<ll~, C<qj<il<qjfGI <!i<r'Z

~ ~ ~ ~ ~'Z~ ~Cfro <II"@ ~I~~

~~-@~<!I~~~~ISWI~~~ ~ ~~m~ICj~ "1Mt9ftfi'r ~ <ii~C"l~C<q\ ~ ~ <II"@

~~~~-~'Z~~W<r@l ~~~~~ (unobstrusive labour of the Muslim traders)~ (. ~ ~'Z~-Cylon) ~<!I~ '<lf"~ ~ ~ f<mT ~ ~ W <II"@ I ~'Z~ ~ ~ mst1IS ~ ~ct <II"@ ~ ~ <J8 I ~'Z~ ~ ~ ~ <fSQJJ

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Senarat-<!1~ ~~~~~'iff~~~ I King Senarat

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~ cQJC<t' ~ ~ ~"'1'1};11"1~1 15!'<1<."'!1\!J<l• ~ "''1~<-~ ~ 1 <£1 ~

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C"i<l m \!li~'1C'11 ~~ Jl"~ <fl~\!li?.J ~~I ~ ~~ ~ ~I~"'IC'iiil~~~~~~~~~~~~~ cGtt~~~~l ~~~~~~~~ ~m-r~ ~ ~~ctc't' ~\!lJI<t>11l ~ ~ ~9@ ~'Z"Jl i51<f"'J>&I<ft-~ C4Mt ~~I.~~~~ Wlf~ ~ct ~'1 C~ 11_.>'1'1~HCI1'il ~ 1:3 H~l\!l(f{<il ~ 15111_31H<t>~lc<1 ~oo~ ~ ~ .211f.;n ~ ~ ~ ~ 1:3 ~ ~ 11_.>'1'1~1<iC'1'il ~ ~ <!!<1S ~ ~ ~ <®

~/ / ~ct '>Jr'i.l41'1 ~~~I~~~ ~.211~ '~ ~~

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<ll<'P11f?l<ts .21Nl~IUi'!l ~ ~ ~.>1"1~1•@ I <il ~ ~ IS ~ ~.>1"1~1'1'!11 ~ "'!rr<l f<ls ~ ~ <il~ ~ 1 <il'b! QR :>Jt!ll•~'lc"l'!l ~ <l:>JHm'El

~.>i"''~HC"'i?l ~~ ~ IS R~ ~I 'S!"<liC?'JiSi ~ ~. 'This is a

rare example of oppression of a minority by a minority.'

~. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~o)~ ~ ~:>JM~MC<ill~ ~9f~ '<3 ~~: ~ ~ <il~ ->[C$t ~~~I ~.>i"l~H?ll <il~ f<rv<r<:I ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ "1ffibl"1<il ~~I ~l<ll?l"'il<liC?l?l ~ ~ ~ f<rv<r<:I H?OJ~i1ll\!JI ~ ~ ~ «ct ~ IS~~~~ TI"'rl <il~ ~-9flfu! ~'Z~ ~~ ~ ~

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~ ~ ~'Z ~,oo,ooo ~ Rg'lf ~ ~I ~ ~ ~'Z~ ~~ "iSifrli <rrc<q ~ ~'Z <il ~'Z~ ~ ~ct\S ~~"11 ~~~~I

\5/tt~ <M1 ~ c<J, ~~ct Jlt~~ ~~ ~~~ ~~ ~ c~ ~ ~ ~ ~ <il<1:'Z ~I~IM<ts~IC<l~ ~ ~ ~

~({

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~~ i31f~ -..w-~ ~I <!ltl ~ ~ ¥lRJ ·~ ~98! ~ '<11'-~ ~I ~ 98!~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i5RTRJ '31~~ ~ ~ ~ "'1V'f <!1m~ I ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ 'WM-~ ~ ~ <!l<l:'Z ~ ~ ~ i5lWT I ISll~etl~<t> ~ <!1 ~ ~m ~ 9ftt"f ~ <!1<1:-z "!11~1~<1' ~9fr-1 '8

~ oo ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~'14~<t>11l ~ ~JOtM1lc'1~ ~~~w,I~I

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~.>JOi11HC'11 ~ <'f'll'~ I <mf ~q ~ C~ ~f.mm~ ~~q ~~~~~~ ~~qo-qq~~~~q~ ~Ji6J11IC'JC'1~ ~ ~ ¥lRJ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ C"rnT ~I ~~u-o ~ ~ ~ ~.>J'i11IC'JC'11 ~ ~ ~5fJ ~ <11 land-mark year. <!1

~~~.i5®.~~~~JOt6JlliC'Jc'1~~.~~~~ '8 ~ ~'flC<rJl''t, ~ <!l<l:'Z ~~ ~~ '1ffibi6JC'Jh'1 ~Department of Muslim Religious and Cultural Affairs "C'JiC'1l ~ ~ ~'"ifo'rn ~

~I ~ ~'"ifo'rn ~ f<r-lw~ ~~~~I ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~.>J.,llH~I ~~~ccqf\b<t> ClRi1! ~'1.4 ~

~~I ~b-b-~ ~ C~ ISll~"lJ'l~lN <!1~~~~~. ~ <!1~ ~ ~~ ~ "11 ~ ~ ~JiMllC'i~ ~'1_ct ~ ~ ~'t ~ \!llOi~C<t> fkcm~ ~I ~ ~Ji'illHCI11 ~~~C"l~<i' ~~~ ~I ~-~~~~Moors Union (~~oo) I <!® ~- ~~~~ ~ C~ylon Moors Association <!1<1:~ ~ ~~8 ~ <!1~ ~ ~ ~ ~ All

Ceylon Muslim league~ ~q "<!'"@I ACML <!1~ ~ ~~~C"l~<i' ~ ~"<!'"@~I~~~~ '51<mi ~ ~ c<J, 'We

the minorities do not want equal representation with the Sinhalees, what we

want is adequet representation and good government. I prefer this country to

be ruled by the Sinhalees.' (Sir Mohammad Macan-Muslim Leader)

"~

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~~~m11'1~1 ~~~ ~ c~ 1J'1Mll'!'ll <!1 ~ "J'!CZ~ ~ ~I ~~ '1l1~<1 ~ SriLankan Muslim Congress

~I ~ ~ ~ "J'f'Z~ 1J'1'1lli<1G'1'!'l ~ ~'t, ~ C'<1~l!J1_'4~ ~'t ~ <!1<;['( 1J'1Ml!G'1'!'l '!'llstE1fib~. "J'flcz~ IS ~~ m<mr <!l<;f'Z ~·IPiG1'!'l ~ GliG"'ll'1"1 b"1fi'rrn ~I

~~~~ ~ 1J'1'1l!I1G'1'!'JG~ '1_~ ~ Clii~IG-<1'11 ~ ~ ~CZ ~f<!~JG\!>IS <!1~ ~~~~

~.~~~c~~~ ~. "J'f'Z~~~~~"J'fl'Z~~OMIRI<il<li'!'lll

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~~~~IS~~~~~~l:[~~l

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~b"'1l~i14 ~ ~ I ~ 1J'1'1lli<1G'11 i5ii~ ~fu ~ <;JcRr ~I ~I ~~~'tc<r~f<r~~~~.~~~

H~'!'J~ct~1 ~I ~ 1J'1'1lli1G'11 ~ ~ IS~~~ <!1<1$ ~ ~~I

~. ~-z~WR(Ceylon) ~:,so-~s ~"ft~l~P'l1'0<ffi!\!l~'Z.2!~~ <i"1~"11C!'IC4~ ~ ~ll>'l~ ~ WR '11'T ~ <ffi! ~~~I

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~~

~9f1$:c«1~ l£.59M~ ~ \5ft~, m-M~ '8 <.l~~A '5l<.1~!

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~Hl\S"IJ!}J\5 ~ ~"f ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~M"11~C<i'!l ~ '5f~

i5!~00 ~ ~00 ~9f~ ~I <!l~ ~"1~00 ~-(~) ~ ~~ (Lanao del Norte)

(~) ~ ~~ (Lanao del Sur)

(l!l) c<!Si'GI<Uc'GI (Cotabato)

(8) ~ (Maguindanao)

(~) ~~(Sultan Kudrat)

(~) <ii!}JM{II<i (Basilian)

( '1) ~ (Sulu)

(b-) ~-~ (Tawi-tawi)

(~) ~ (Jolo)

~m~~~~~~~~~i5T~~<rrn1 ~~'Zo~ c~ o~ ~ ~~oo '~'-<!l"'!l" ~ <!l<f'Z o~ c~ o~ ~ ~~oo ~ ~9f':(C@fq i5R3~ 1 Wf.'r~ ~~ct m c~ ~ 1 ~ ~

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'll@!~'~.~~~l <!l~C~~(~)~~(Tausug),

I~) ~IS-~ (Maranao-Ilanun), ('-=l) ~ (Maguindanao) <!l~'Z (8)

'lfllrM ~(Sarna! group).

'~' (Moro) ~l)(<t>'it~' : ~ ~ ~ ~ c<'l~C~ '51IW<l\l"i

~:>i''lll!"i~l ~ ~ <r@ ~I ~ 151lffis<f'H ~Ji"'lll!"iC<f' ~ '~' ~.~~I SLSi"'llll"iCI1~ ~~IS~~ ~ct ~ "'fu;

~ ~ ~ ~ <!l~'Z ~ ~ ~ <@f IS ~ ~:>11<0<!011~ dftQ.! ~ ~ ~8~~ ~ ~.>i"'lll!"i<:l1~ ~ c~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ SL->i"'I~HCI1~ ~ <!l"<l"'Z ~ ~ ~ ~ ~9f tifictDi~ ~ <p@ ~'Z ~ ~ ~C:>J@l?l \G"JJil111~ ~~~I :>ii~C"iJ~ ~ ~~~~OW'(~~~IS~~~~ r-n9fCQ.f ~ ~ <p@ I <!1 151\biJIC"i~ <!1~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Wfaf~ l!fC:>i c~ 1 Phr~ c~ ~ ~ i5fP ~ ~ ~ "'frn 1 \!5~ <!1~ ~~ SLSi"'llJHC11~C<f' ~ ,~, ~Sj~~Cl1~ ~ct ,~, ~

~ ~ <r@ I ~~ m ~~9fl~C"i~ ~.>i"'lll!"i~l '~' ~ ~ <r@ I ~ HcelCI1~C<f' '~' ~ ~ ~ ~~I ~(l"<to "®. c~ ~ ~Si"lllH~I ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~'Z 9fl1l?:/<Q>ClJ <!1 ~~ ~~~~ ~~~~<r@l ~~<t~ ~Wfaf~~ ~ ~ SL->i~lJCI1~ ~ ~~ <m~ ~ <r@ ~'Z ~ ~~

~Q.ft ~~~~I \!5~ ,~, ~ ~-~ <!l<l$ ~

~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ <r@ I ~ <!1~ Wfaf~ SL->i"'I~H~I f.:lcercl1~C<f' '~' ~ ~ ~ ~~~ <r@ en 1 ~ ,~, ~

9fMTh~C~ ~ ~~ <r@ I

~~~iii!IC)('!l ~: ~ ~ ~ m i5f~ ~~<ta"®. Phf~ ~9f'1ie~ ~IS ~'Z ~ ~~ ~ ~ IS ~ .:!:1bl~<f'Cl1~ "lli~ ~:>i"'li<OlJ~ 15ft~~ 1 ~ .!IN5~~<f' Haven <JQ.ft~ ~. ' ... The spred of Islam in India and other part of the world was unobstrusive

labour of the preacher and trader who have carreid their faith into the every

corner of the globe.' i5f~ ~~~~<!~"1~ ~ i5fi'1J"I"lJ i5f'ZV'f ~:>i"'II<OlJ~ ~ IS

~~.!f~~~IS~~~~~~Cil~ C~C:>i~~~~Q.!Rrn~l ~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ .!l~~l~<f' John J. Saunder's ~ 'The Muslim world on

the eve of Europe's Expansion'~~ I AA ~. 'Arab merchants had

turned Malacca into a big international entrepot, and these same traders were

earrying the faith of Islam into Malaya, Indonesia and the ~Philippines.' i5f~

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Aung) ~. 'Nationalism is part of a wave of anti-Muslim violence

instigated by rightwring groups. It has never been the practice of Myanmar's

people to burn the homes of people of other religions.'

('() Rakhaine Nationalist Development Party : ~ RNDP ~

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'6llt~ISf'lfi!>;qs ~'TIC~'!l elfi!>fiilo~l : United Nations Organization

C~I~!Jfi01~G<li ·~· ~ ~~ ~ ~ <!>@ <!l ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~ eriMC?lG!ij_ I

The Clinton Foundation: \5llo:!M<lil'i'l ~ c~ f<M ~ ~o~~ J1W'f $~Clinton Foundation-<!l~ ~~ );!J?JJ"l);!l~ ~~I AA ~8 ~Myanmar Peace Centre-<!l ~ ~ct ~I ~ AA ~ c~ ~ Ji~<lii~G<li ~ ~\'<ll~t> ~~~~"WiTt~ ~ ~ "erRR I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ C1J, 'The whole world cheers every

piece of good news and is sick every time they read about sectarian

violence.' f<M ~ C~ C~ ~. ~ i5f<f ffi~Gst"lC'Gf&~i:Ji'i'l ~ Shwe Mann(~) ~\ f<Wn~ ~\51\~~~ ~Q,f ~ <!>@ ~ ~~ "@~ cerm ~I @O'l1C"l'i'l ~ ~ ~ct ~~<!>@I

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Organization Islamic Conference : OIC ~ ~ ~ <P@

~IR!lflcYt?l ~ ~'G&ll<t>~ ~I ~ ~ ~ l!1 <ITt"'fT@ C<t>W1I "@vm~ ~ct en <P@ ~ ~ OIC ~'Z~ ~~ct '1M~c'1?1 ~ 1511~1~?1 ~ ~ l!l<f'Z ~ ~'ZI'<T ~~~.~I

The Elders : ~ ~ ~ en~iffi<t>c'1i'1 ~'Z~ 'The Elders.'

1511CliW<t>I?J ~ ci!lj}jw{; ~ ~ ® ~9fRil!l<T'Z ® ~9fRJ (Deputy

Chair) ~ ~ ~ ~~ C.fft ~ $1o'GC1JiilS I ~ ~ lii~Hllle?J?J ~J'1<'111HC'1i'1 ~9@ ~ IS ~ ~ ~ ~ct?J M ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ erlf.k~c~~ 1 AFP ~~-o~-~o)" ~'<I~ c~ 'The Elders' -l!@ c<T ~ o$1'!'1 <P@ ~ ~'1 : 'The Elders call an end to

impunity for the prepetrators of violence against the Muslims community

and for the meaningful realisation of the right of freedom at religion.' Co

Chair Ero Harlem ~. 'No-one can afford to ignore these senseless,

distructive, repeated acts of brutality.'

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'And I hope too that many be freed

From their silence, may demand

That those responsible for the open danger.'

(1!5[fq 1!5f@r <!l>e1!5!Mt ~ ~UR<t'~ ~ ~, ~~<1\!>1~ ~ ~ ~ ~-<!l~ ~ t.trn -e~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ -es C\!>11)

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~Q,(~'f~~ <!i<r'Z~~~~~~~I ~ ~~'S~~~~~~. QF1~~'t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~I <l'<R G!INa?.IIUii"'M ~ ~~ ~ (~8~ ~ ~) ~~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~lst'i~<11~ ~ 1'f <!i<r'Z ~ ~ ~ .:!l~I<1"11~N<:1 ~~ ~'Z~~ I ~ ~ 01~ ~ 81,

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Muslims, proud of their rich and ancient culture did not doubot their

superiority in every field over their Chiristian foes.' ~'Z 81 ~<>ft'i ~

~~. 1:"1~~~~<.!1~~~~~1 \511C~ ~ ~ ~ 81, ~"1"11C~'!l ~ C~ ~Q"Q"o ~. ~ ~ ~ ~.>i"'l~HC'i~ 81-Msrn ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ <.!i<f'Z G!l'(gsti!\iJ<r <rr<1""11-~ <>f~"C"11 ~ ~ ~ ~"! '5!~ ~ ~<>f'!l ~<!I~ ~~~~. ~~~~~'5!~~~<>@%~1 .!rf\CJ~IPJ<f.i J. J. Saunders ~. 'Nearly all the great high ways of international

trade were in Muslim hands and the wealth of the Muslim kingdoms was drawn

largely from the profits of commerce.' ~ ~a-Q"o ~. C~ ~~ ~ <!I ~ ~ ~ ~I J. J. Saunders~. 'By 1550 (A. D.) the situation had

been almost magically transformed.' ~ mMt ~9f ~ ~I~C\!J ~ 9f!f'!l \5ft'!l<q ~~ ~ <q>@ 01?.11 ~ ~ ~~-~~~~<mr'Jlt~-~~<rt'll'~~~~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~ C<f.i1~ <q>@ c<W'!I <!I~~ \5ftt'll'9f

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lead to a rampant Islamisation of the country.' '3!~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~ c~ ~e@f<l~ ~ ~<l'Z~ ~Ji<ilfi14l~<:~M~ ~m <m<ll ~ ~~ m~ lJ>t~'iftc\!l ~ "Ji"'Z~ct ~ ~ ~ 1 ~

~ f<rrn f*sl~ ~ Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf ~ c<J,

'Marginalisation and exculsion on basic of religious and cultural differences

would be devastating for an open country such as Switzerland.' ~ (l5ffi

f.i~~4l~ct ~ ~ ~ 151IC'il\!i)1 ~~I ~ ~ ~ "l~~~ll® ~

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~ ~, 'It is an expression of intolerence.' \51 ~ ~ "1~'11(Y1~ ~Ji'11~4' ~ ,~, ~ ~ \9 ~ ~ (JfV'f ~ ~ ~

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~. The History of the Arabs-P.K. Hitti.

~. The History of the Saracens-Syed Amir Ali.

"· Muslim World on the eve of Europe's Expansion-J.S. Saunders.

8. Inside Africa-Than Garther-~ ~I

<l". The Preacping of Islam-T.W. Arnold.

lb. Muslim Ummah-Farid Ahmed.

'\. New Light on Central Asia-Dr. Ahmad Hasan Dani.

lr. History of Muslims in South Africa-Ebrahim Mahomed Mahida.

::;,. About the U.S.A- Elaine Kern.

~o. Portrait of the U.S.lt.-(Executive editor) George Clack.

~ ~. Islam in America-Jane Smith.

~~. Islam in China-Raphael Israeli.

~"· Muslims in Western Europe-Jorgen S. Nilesen. ~8. The Profile of Muslims in Canada-Abdul Malik Mujahidi.

~a-. Islamic Economics : Theory and Practice, Re-defining the Role of

Muslim Ummah to Face the Challenge of Golden Age of Muslim

World in the 21st Century and Beyond-Prof. Dr. M.A. Mannan.

~lb. ~ ~: <rt~"1!V1c•R:f ~-em. lll~l£iSI.~ ~ 1

~ '\. ~ ~-\51~"1 ~ ~ 13 ~~ ~ DWl9fl~ ~lr. The Historical Role of Islam-M. N. Roy ("\5l'l.)

\5llcllM<Wl ~ ~<:ffin-\5llcllM<liH ~ <ll~<ll ~ 1

~ ~-GllellM<liH ~ <ll~<ll ~ ~

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~. Uighurs Versus Afgans-A Review Erich Walberg.

~. Muslim and Multicultaralism is Canada-(Article)

"· ~~(~)-\51.~~1 8. Russia's Crimean.Shore?-Nina khrushchev.

a-. N~H~I~ : "'<&I<Fil~ Clifl.,lb(!l ~ ~~ <1~<15~~~~ ~I

~. C"''1t~~-~~~~ \!5<11~1.,~1 q. Peace Deal for Turkey- Mohammed Ayoob.

~r. fil~l"'i~lc?l?l JfttQJ ~ • ~ m-~ ~ 9f'1M 1

~. N~l"'iliiC?l ~ ~'Z~-00. ~I ~o. Resolving Sectarian Violence in Myanmar-Nehginpao Kipgen.

~~. Myammar Waits for Better Times-Than Htut Aung (ANN/ Eeleven

Media Group)

~~. De-Americanising the World-Noam Chomsky.

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