---Learning about language

Period3 Learning about Period3 Learning about language:language:GrammarGrammar

Noun clause as the subjectNoun clause as the subject

3. To find your way can be a problem.

What part does the underlined part serve as in each sentence?

2. Smoking is bad for you.1. You are a student.

4. “How do you do?” is a greeting.5 .What she said is not yet known.6. That we shall be late is certain.

7. It is certain that we shall be late.

A sentence serving as subject is

called Subject Clause.

Step1:Lead-in

Step2:Grammar learningStep2:Grammar learning

主语从句的概念主语从句的概念

各种连词的用法各种连词的用法

主语从句主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放

在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语 itit 代替，而本代替，而本身放在句子末尾。身放在句子末尾。

How the book will sellHow the book will sell depends on its autho depends on its author.r.

ThatThat he is the best student in the classhe is the best student in the class is obvi is obvious.ous.

= It is obvious that he is the best student in th= It is obvious that he is the best student in the class.e class.

The use of each conjunction, The use of each conjunction, conjunctive pronoun and adverb.conjunctive pronoun and adverb.

一一 .. 从属连词从属连词 :that:that1. that: 1. that: 不担任成分不担任成分 . . 不翻译不翻译 . . 只起连接作只起连接作

用用 .. 不能省略不能省略 . . 可以用可以用 itit 作形式主语作形式主语 .. That she left himThat she left him cut him to the heart. cut him to the heart. That the earth is roundThat the earth is round is true. is true. =It is true that the earth is true.=It is true that the earth is true. That he will comeThat he will come is certain. is certain. =It is certain that he will come.=It is certain that he will come.

2. that 2. that 引导的主语从句常用引导的主语从句常用 itit 作形作形式主语的四种句型式主语的四种句型 ..

①①.It + be +.It + be + 形容词形容词 +that……..(should) + +that……..(should) + 动原动原………… .( obvious, true, natural, good, likely, .( obvious, true, natural, good, likely, sure, certain, possible, probable, funny, wsure, certain, possible, probable, funny, wonderful, important, necessary…) onderful, important, necessary…) 从句可放从句可放在句首在句首

It is obvious It is obvious that he is an honest man.that he is an honest man. =That he is an honest man is obvious.=That he is an honest man is obvious. It is necessary It is necessary that you should master a foreign language.that you should master a foreign language. = That you should master a foreign language is necessary.= That you should master a foreign language is necessary.

②②. It +be+. It +be+ 名词名词 +that---+that--- （（ shouldshould))++ 动原动原………… .(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, .(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, a fact, a shame…….). a pity, no surprise, a fact, a shame…….).

从句可放在句首从句可放在句首 It is a pity It is a pity that you should missthat you should miss

such a good chance. such a good chance. = That you should miss such a = That you should miss such a

good chance is a pity.good chance is a pity.

It is a fact that she has been to Americ It is a fact that she has been to America three times.a three times.

③③. It +be+ . It +be+ 过去分词过去分词 +that……(+that……( said, believed. R said, believed. Reported, thought, expected, decided, announceported, thought, expected, decided, announced…….) ed…….) 从句不可放在句首从句不可放在句首 ..

It is reported It is reported that China has sent another spaceship.that China has sent another spaceship. It has been decided It has been decided that she will represent the whole clthat she will represent the whole class to take partass to take part in the English Speech Contest. in the English Speech Contest.

④④It +It + 不及物动词不及物动词 (( 短语短语 )+that……..()+that……..( seem , happ seem , happen, appear, turn out , occure to sb.). en, appear, turn out , occure to sb.). 从句不可放从句不可放在句首在句首 It seemsIt seems that he is an honest man. that he is an honest man. It happened It happened that he was watching TV when his mo that he was watching TV when his mother came back.ther came back.

3.3. 注意注意 :: . ①. ① 当主句的谓语动词是行为动词时而且当主句的谓语动词是行为动词时而且有宾语补足语时不可用有宾语补足语时不可用 itit 作形式主语作形式主语 .. That Tom has been admitted by a university mThat Tom has been admitted by a university made his parents very excited.ade his parents very excited.

②② 当当 thatthat 从句出现在疑问句中时只能用从句出现在疑问句中时只能用 iitt 作形式主语作形式主语 .. Does it matter much that they will not come tomDoes it matter much that they will not come tomorrow?orrow?

二二 .. 从属连词从属连词 whetherwhether 不担任成分不担任成分但翻译为是否但翻译为是否 ,, 不能省略不能省略 , , 可以用可以用 itit作形式主语作形式主语 ..

Whether he will join usWhether he will join us will not make too much differe will not make too much difference.nce.

= It will not make too much difference whether he…= It will not make too much difference whether he…………..………..

Whether he is coming or notWhether he is coming or not is doubtful. is doubtful. =It is doubtful whether he………..=It is doubtful whether he………..

注意注意 : : 如果用 如果用 itit 作形式主语也可用 作形式主语也可用 ifif 引导引导 .. 主语从句主语从句 .. It hasn’t been decided whether/if he will come or not.It hasn’t been decided whether/if he will come or not.

三三 .. 连接代词连接代词 :who, whom. whose , what, which :who, whom. whose , what, which 既既担任成分又翻译担任成分又翻译 , , 不能省略不能省略 ,, 在句中作主语在句中作主语 // 宾语宾语 // 定语定语 //表语表语 .. 可用可用 itit 作形式主语除 作形式主语除 what what 外外 ..

●●Who let out the newsWho let out the news remained unknown remained unknown =It remained unknown who let out the news. =It remained unknown who let out the news.

●●Which is rightWhich is right is not is not known to us known to us = It is not known to us which ………. = It is not known to us which ……….

●●Whose son he isWhose son he is is not clear is not clear = It is not clear whose son he is. = It is not clear whose son he is.

●●What he said at the meetingWhat he said at the meeting is important is important It is important What he said at the meeting.(False) It is important What he said at the meeting.(False)

●●What I want to knowWhat I want to know is your telephone number. is your telephone number. It is your telephone number What I want to know. (False) It is your telephone number What I want to know. (False)

四四 : : 连接副词连接副词 :when, where, why ,ho:when, where, why ,howw 既担任成分又翻译既担任成分又翻译 , , 不能省略不能省略 ,, 在句在句中作状语中作状语 ,, 可用可用 itit 作形式主语作形式主语

●● How this happenedHow this happened is still a question. is still a question. =It is still a question how this happened. =It is still a question how this happened.

●●When we will set off for BeijingWhen we will set off for Beijing is not clear is not clear =It is not clear when we will set off for Beijing. =It is not clear when we will set off for Beijing.

●●Why he was late for the school this morningWhy he was late for the school this morning hasn’t hasn’t been figured out. been figured out. =It hasn’t been figured out why he was late for the =It hasn’t been figured out why he was late for the school this morning. school this morning.

五五 .Wh—ever(whoever,whomever .Wh—ever(whoever,whomever whosever.whenever,wherever ,wwhosever.whenever,wherever ,whatever ,whichever,) hatever ,whichever,) 既担任成分既担任成分又翻译又翻译 , , 不能省略不能省略 , , 不能不能 itit 用作形用作形式主语式主语 .. Whoever leaves the officeWhoever leaves the office should tell me. should tell me. Whatever he didWhatever he did was right. was right. Whenever the school sports will be heldWhenever the school sports will be held is is not known yet. not known yet.

Step3Step3 ：主语从句三原则：主语从句三原则 一一 :: 语序都用陈述语序语序都用陈述语序 .. 二二 :: 连接词一般不能省略连接词一般不能省略 .. 三三 :: 主句谓语动词一般用单数主句谓语动词一般用单数 .. （但（但 whatwhat 引导的主语从句要根据主句表引导的主语从句要根据主句表

语的语的单复数单复数或根据或根据语境语境而定）而定） What I needWhat I need areare many true friends. many true friends. What I needWhat I need is is money.money. What we needWhat we need areare good books. good books.

Step4. GeneralizationStep4. Generalization..

Nine---word recipeNine---word recipe

一一 .. 看语序看语序 二二 .. 看成分看成分 .. 三三 .. 看翻译看翻译 ..

Step5. PractiseStep5. Practise1.____they have won the game made us excited.1.____they have won the game made us excited. A./ B. That C. What D. WhereA./ B. That C. What D. Where

2.It worried her a bit ___her hair was turning gray.2.It worried her a bit ___her hair was turning gray. A .while B. that C. if D. forA .while B. that C. if D. for

3.___he doesn't like them is very clear. 3.___he doesn't like them is very clear. A. What B. That A. What B. That C. Which D. WhereC. Which D. Where

4._____studies hard will pass the examination.4._____studies hard will pass the examination. A. Whoever B. Any student A. Whoever B. Any student C. Who D. Those whoC. Who D. Those who

5._________ is unknown to us all5._________ is unknown to us all A. Where did he get it B. Where he got it A. Where did he get it B. Where he got it C. That where he got D. Which he got it C. That where he got D. Which he got it

6. _______ he said at the meeting astonished everybody 6. _______ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. present. A. What B. That A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter C. The fact D. The matter

7.I have always been honest and straightforward, and 7.I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn’t matter______that I’m talking to. it doesn’t matter______that I’m talking to. A.who is it B. who it is A.who is it B. who it is C.it is who D.it is whom C.it is who D.it is whom

88____made the school proud was _____ more than ____made the school proud was _____ more than 90% of students had been admitted to key universities. 90% of students had been admitted to key universities. A.What; because B.What; that A.What; because B.What; that C. That; what D.That; because C. That; what D.That; because

9______team wins on Saturday will go through to 9______team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championship. the national championship. A.No matter what B. No matter which A.No matter what B. No matter which C.Whatever D.Whichever C.Whatever D.Whichever

10.____is our belief that improvements in health care will 10.____is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger and more prosperous economy. lead to a stronger and more prosperous economy. A.As B.That C.This D.It A.As B.That C.This D.It

11.____I can’t understand is____ he changed his mind.11.____I can’t understand is____ he changed his mind. A. That; that B.What; why A. That; that B.What; why C.Which; how D.That; why C.Which; how D.That; why

12. Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know __12. Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know ________.______.  A. how he is getting along B. how is he getting along  A. how he is getting along B. how is he getting along  C. what he is getting along   D. what is he getting along  C. what he is getting along   D. what is he getting along

13.I wonder how much ________.13.I wonder how much ________.   A. does the watch cost B. did the watch cost    A. does the watch cost B. did the watch cost C. the watch costed D. the watch costs C. the watch costed D. the watch costs

14.He'd like to know what _________ today.14.He'd like to know what _________ today. A. the weather looks B. does the weather look A. the weather looks B. does the weather look C. the weather looks like D. does the weather look like C. the weather looks like D. does the weather look like

15. Henry killed the dog. I'll ask him why ________.15. Henry killed the dog. I'll ask him why ________.  A. did he do that B. he did that   A. did he do that B. he did that C. he did D. he has done so C. he did D. he has done so

Step6.HomeworkStep6.Homework Finish off the exercises on Finish off the exercises on Page29 and 64.Page29 and 64.