Нил Хартман для knowledge stream
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Профессор Слоуновской школы менеджмента при MIT Нил Хартман рассказал в Digital October, какие ошибки случаются, если вы строите компанию с представителями различных культур или пытаетесь перенести глобальные практики бизнеса на чужеродную почву, и как их избежать. http://digitaloctober.ru/ru/events/knowledge_stream_1000_i_1_kultura_predprinimatelstvaTRANSCRIPT
MIT Sloan School of Management
Knowledge Stream
1000 and 1 Entrepreneur Cultures
Prof. Neal HartmanE62-342
Agenda
• Trends in Entrepreneurship• Profile of Entrepreneurs• Key Competencies for Intercultural Communication• Dimensions of Culture
– Definition– Experiences– Values and perceptions– Low context or high context
• Intercultural Communication: A Strategic Approach
Trends in Entrepreneurship
• Total early-stage activity increased in many economies
• Rose 25% among 16 developing economies• China, Argentina, and Chile above-average
rates
* The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2011 Global Report
Trends in Entrepreneurship
• Twenty mature economies experienced a nearly 22% Total early-stage activity increase
• United States and Australia showed substantial increases
Trends in Entrepreneurship
• Intent to start a business is highest in emerging economies
• People are most likely to see opportunities and believe in their ability to start a business
• They hold entrepreneurship in high regard
Trends in Entrepreneurship
• Expectations to start a business are also high in some middle-stage developing economies: China, Chile, and Brazil
• These measures tend to fall as countries rise in economic development – Russia and the United Arab Emirates have the lowest entrepreneurial intention rates across the sample
Profile of Entrepreneurs
• 163 million early-stage entrepreneurs are women
• 165 million early-stage entrepreneurs are young entrepreneurs (age 18 to 25)
• 69 million early-stage entrepreneurs are offering innovative products and services
• 18 million early-stage entrepreneurs are selling 25% internationally
Intercultural Communication - Key competencies
Analytical
Understanding beliefs, values and practices of other cultures
Emotional
Intercultural empathy; respect
Creative
Ability to see the synergistic potential of diverse perspectives
Behavioral
Ability to discern different cultural messages (verbal and nonverbal)
Values and perspectives shared by people who are conditioned by similar education and life experience.
What is culture? One definition
Key characteristics of culture
• Culture is not inherent, but learned.• Culture is rooted in deep-seated beliefs.• Culture is the basis for self-identity and
community.• Culture is dynamic.
Culture
RegionCountry
AreaCommunity
GroupSchoolClub
BusinessIndustry
CompanyDepartment
Culture can encompass a variety of experiences
Values
Individualism and collectivism
High context and low context
Criteria for/definitions of success
Nature of change
Importance of hierarchies
Perceptions
Perceptions of
– Space
– Time
– Gender roles
Nature of
– Authority
– Humor
Culture can differ on values and perceptions
Low Context Cultures Tend To… High Context Cultures Tend To…
Prefer direct verbal interaction Prefer indirect verbal interaction
Understand meaning at one level Understand meanings at many levels
Be less proficient in reading non-verbal cues
Be more proficient in reading non-verbal cues
Value individualism Value group membership
Say “no” directly Talk around point; avoid saying “no”
Communicate in highly structured messages
Rely more on context and feelings
Culture may be classified as low or high context
• Emphasis on task or relationship-building
• Role of written communication and meetings
• Patterns of reasoning and argumentation
• Level of formality in interpersonal communication
• Style of oral presentations
Cultures Differ on Communication Practices
Intercultural communication – A strategic approach
Eye contact
Facial expressions
Gestures
Display of emotions
Space and spatial zones
Communication Behaviors
Observe Nonverbal Behaviors
Intercultural communication – A strategic approach
Low
Low
Follow Culturally Responsive Strategies
You
High
Counterpart
Allow/Induce counterpart to follow own cultural script
Improvise creatively
Knowledgeof Other Culture
Knowledgeof Other Culture
Use mediatorEmbrace counterpart’scultural script
High
Intercultural communication – A strategic approach
• Avoid ethnocentrism
• Look beyond stereotypes
• Seek common ground
• Observe non-verbal cues
• Study your own and other cultures
Approach Communication
Openly
Intercultural communication – A strategic approach