BIO 30

objectives

Know some individuals who contributed to early cell theory

Understand different microscopes and their role in cytology (know that word too)

Mentions some developments or techniques that contributed to cell theory

objectives Summarize major points of cell theory Recall major cell structures and

organelles and their apparent values to cells.

State major diffs between plant and animal cells

Explain various relationships within organism and cellular arrangements which make up an efficient functioning organism

Most cells invisible to naked eye Largest single nerve cell is 1m long

from back to your foot… but too small diameter to see.

Therefore, magnification was absolutely essential to cell theory

magnification This is standard European “history” of

magnification: Two Dutch dudes (brothers) named

Janssen 1500’s

Antony Van Leeuwenhoek – major contributor. Also Dutch dude. 1600’s

Prob first to observe single celled orgs

Robert Hooke Published paper in 1665.. Described cells. Dude used a compound microscope -

(big deal). Observed dead cork cells

Neither of these dudes actually linked cells to important functions of orgs.

These discoveries were only possible with Light microscopes.

Hand lenses magnify ~ 10x, Leeuwenhoek’s did ~270x

Scopes we have will do ~ 400x

Some sweet ones do 2000x (we cant afford those)

1930’s developments included electron microscopes. Huge improvement. Way more magnification.

Way cooler stuff to look at and learn from

Cell theory (jean Lamark) All orgs made of cells Cells are basic structure making all

bodies

Rudolf Virchow All processes common to living orgs occur

in individual cells. (wrong) All new cells arise from existing cells(yes)

Cell function/structure Lots of times this is what we “think” parts

of cells do. No normal or typical org cell, all orgs

different Even within orgs, cells contain different

things and do different things

protoplasm The living material within a cell

Cytoplasm Material OUTSIDE the nucleus.

Organelles Small distinct bodies within cell

Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes