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Karl Banks, CpE Chris Dorros, CpE Monica Nguyen, EE Tyler Zaino, CpE SPONSOR: David Norvell, PE, LEED AP, C.E.M. Energy Manager Sustainability & Energy Management University of Central Florida

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System for tracking the universitys shuttles Harmony of hardware and software System of subsystems Effort to increase the use of UCF shuttle service and ultimately decrease traffic around the university (or so we hope)

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Support all shuttles both on campus and off campus Equip all shuttles with their own unique transmitter unit No monthly cellular contract Waterproof and thoroughly resistant to continuous exposure to severe weather conditions Cross-browser compatible Display each active bus route in color-coded fashion Allow user to filter map data by the route of each bus

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GPS data accurate to a maximum differential of 10 m 3 mile line of sight radius of the main receiver tower Standard 12V power supply unit No more than 5 lbs No larger than 12 x 12 x 5 Full functionality for 10,000 users at any given time see what I did there?

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Transmitting System Receiving System

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20-channel receiver Built in patch antenna Hot Start: 1s, Warm Start: 38s, Cold Start: 42s Led indicator: off- receiver switch off; on- signal searching, flashing- position locked Extremely high sensitivity of -159dBm (note: which can pick up signals 1000x weaker then the typical signal at the -160dBW level) 10m Position Accuracy Accepts supply voltage input range of 4.5V~6.5V DC Power Consumption of 44mA Operating Temperature of -40C to 85C 30mm

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Dual Axis Accelerometer Sensor measurement range of +/- 1.2g Turn on time of 20ms Accepts supply voltage range of 3V ~ 6V DC Operating temperature of -40C to 85C 5mm

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A single 0.1 F capacitor is connected from VCC to GND which adequately decouples the accelerometer from noise on the power supply 0.1uF capacitors are added at XFilter and YFilter pins to implement low- pass filtering for antialiasing and noise reduction A 1M resistor is added to the circuit to set the period to complete one duty cycle

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Low power 8-bit microcontroller Clock Rate of 16MHz 4 serial I/O Has analog to digital converter Operating temperature of -40C to 85C As opposed to ATmega328 16mm

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Satellite Greatest coverage Requires monthly fees Cellular Second greatest coverage Requires monthly fees Radio Frequency Least coverage No monthly costs

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Low power and FCC (Federal Communications Commission) approved Operates within 900MHz frequency ISM band Modem uses frequency band of 902-928MHz Outdoor RF line-of-sight: range of up to 40 miles with high gain antenna Receiver sensitivity of -110dBm Tx current: 730mA; Rx current: 80mA for power output of 1W Accepts supply voltage range of 2.8V ~ 5.5V DC Transmit power output of 1mW ~ 1W Operating Temperature of -40C to 85C

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Utilizes Frequency Hoping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) Agility to avoid interference by hoping to a new frequency on every packet transmission or re-transmission Overall Vast range coverage Requires minimal power Small form factor saves board space 61mm 37mm

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900MHz Dipole Antenna Gain of 2.15 dBi +/- 1 Frequency 915MHz (902MHz ~ 928MHz) 171mm

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Fiberglass Omni-directional 900MHz Frequency 915MHz (902MHz ~ 928MHz) Gain of 8.1 dBi Maximum power input of 100W RoHS Compliant (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) 65in

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Weather Proof Outdoor RF line-of-sight: range of up to 40 miles with high gain antenna Receiver Sensitivity -110dBm Rx current: 110mA; Tx current: 900mA for power output of 1W Low power Supply Voltage 7-28V Operating Temperature -40C to 85C 5.5in

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What is Arduino? An open source electronics development platform Why Arduino? Extensive libraries speed up development time Easier to load code onto our board - especially useful for SW updates Large community of developers Written in C language

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Written in C Basic outline of code: Initialization Pin numbers RF modem parameter settings Runtime (infinite loop) Collect GPS & Accelerometer data Transmit over RF modem Functions both initialization and runtime

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Serial (UART) connection between GPS and Microcontroller Baud rate: 9600 bps Data is received in NMEA format: $GPGGA,161229.487,3723.2475,N,12158.3416,W,1,07,1.0,30.0,M,*18 Protocol header UTC Time Latitude North/South Indicator Longitude East/West Indicator Position Fix Indicator # of Satellites Used Altitude (Mean Sea Level) Altitude Units Checksum Dilution of Precision

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Analog input, converted to Digital signal via Analog to Digital converter built into Microcontroller Maps input voltage from 0 and 5V to integers between 0 and 1023

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Required to determine if bus engine is running Data collected from the accelerometer is run through an algorithm on the microcontroller to calculate this Calculation is done onboard since fast sampling (on the order of milliseconds) is required Equation and algorithm in work need to gather sample data from a bus while the engine is running

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Digital pins required for RF modem operation controlled via code Example pins: Shutdown, CTS Pins controlled in software Packaged GPS & Accelerometer data is sent to the RF modem via Serial interface Baud rate: 9600bps Send out every half second

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Configuration required for RF Modems to communicate Source / destination addresses Baud rate of RF transmission Configured using AT commands through same serial channel +++ to enter command mode ATMYCD12 AT command prefix MY source address CD12 Hexadecimal value for address 9600bps40 miles max 115200bps20 miles max chosen

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Arduino bootloader is flashed onto bare microcontroller hardware using Atmel In-System Programmer via ICSP pins Developed code loaded via RS-232 interface to microcontroller This allows for fast, easy software updates to the tracking device via the RS-232 interface Atmel AVRISP mkII In-System Programmer

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Receives data from each tracking unit Programmed via RS232 interface to computer with X-CTU software (Digi) Frequency-hopping spread spectrum Repeaters will repeat all packets not addressed to them Receiving node collects all packets and sends out serial interface

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Each packet of information will be in the same format, separated by carriage returns Sample output: > Protocol header Bus ID # Latitude Longitude Time (hhmmssi) i=incremented value Date (yymmdd) Protocol tail Engine status

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Written in C# Outputs an executable file Has built in MySQL and Serial I/O libraries Deployed on a dedicated computer running Windows XP The RF modem is connected to the COM port of the computer at all times A windows task is setup to run the program when the computer boots

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Collects the data from the RF modem through the COM port of the server Bus Identifier Unique integer that represents the shuttle the coordinates are being sent from Longitude and Latitude coordinates Floating point numbers that represent the real-time location of the shuttle Accelerometer data Boolean value representing the real-time state of the shuttle Date and Time Current date and time the bus data is collected

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Process the packets of data The data is received in packets from the microcontroller The Data Processor analyzes these packets and strip down the data into useable information This information is stored within the program and is analyzed

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Analyzing the data Checks to ensure all the data is accounted for within the packet This ensures that information that is written to the database isnt missing any crucial components Checks to ensure the coordinate points are valid If the GPS is not connected it returns the longitude and latitude points 10000N and 10000E This ensures that any incorrect coordinates dont make their way to the database

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Passes the data to the database for the Webserver Coded within the program using the MySQL library to write to the information to the database All data is written to the DATA_BUS_COORDS in the database

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Variable NameTypeDescription Global ucfdbMySqlConnectionConnection to the database spSerialPortSerial Port connection Local inputStringData from the Serial Port dataString ArrayData after Parsing bBus Object Contains the data for a particular bus Objects Bus.idInt32Identifier to the bus Bus.latitudeDoubleLatitude Coordinate of the Bus Bus.longitudeDoubleLongitude Coordinate of the Bus Bus.TimeStringString representation of the time Bus.AccelerometerBooleanBoolean representation of the engine status

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Function NameInputsOutputDescription GetConnectionString()connNameString Retrieves the database connection parameters from the XML configuration file dbConnect()(none)MySqlConnection Creates and returns the connection to the database getInput()(none)void Retrieves the data packets from the Serial Port parseInput()inputvoid Parses and Validates the data packet dbWrite()bvoidWrites the validated data to the database

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ID : integer isActive : boolean

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busID : integer coordY : double coordX : double accelerometerData : boolean time : integer

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ID : integer name : string coordX : double coordY : double isActive : boolean

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ID : integer name : string color : string isActive : boolean

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Maps Google Bing Yahoo MapQuest Application Programming Interface (API) Provides access and makes use of services and resources provided by another particular software program Computer Program vs. Web Application Interactivity vs. system requirements Compatibility is key

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Real-time view of the UCF shuttle transit system Map of the local UCF area, with each route highlighted in a unique color User has the option to toggle the visibility of each route on/off, through an options panel on the side of the screen Each active bus appears with its own icon based on the most recent coordinates sent from the RF modem As the bus moves, the icon updates and moves in real-time

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Main Receiver Tower II Repeater Physical Sciences

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